Illustration of coal cleat geometries with cleat-trace patterns in plain

Sifat fisik dan Sifat view

Mekanik
• Density;
A plow used in
• Porosity and Permeability;
• Uniaxial and Triaxial Strength;
a longwall.
Pembongkaran dan Penyanggaan  Grade and Rank of coal;
 Plane of weakness, Bedding Plane, and (Courtesy of
cleats;
Oleh  Static and Dynamic Elasticity Modulus;
 Poisson Ratio;
Caterpillar.)
Dr. Ir. Singgih Saptono, MT. • Impact Strength Index;
• Cone Indenter Hardness;
• Shore scleroscope hardness;
• Hardgrove grindability index (HGI);

Schematic view of room and pillar mining method. (Modified after Arch Coal, Annual report pursuant to
section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Retrieved from:
Conical cutter and its installation in a https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1037676/000104746912001909/a2207536z10-k.htm, 2009.)
shearer and in a roadheader. (From Liu,
A continuous S. et al., Eng. Fail. Anal., 74, 172–187,
miner used 2017.)

A shearer, in room and

SL300 manufactured pillar mining
by Eickhoff, used in a method.
coal mine. (Courtesy (Courtesy of
of Eickhoff.) Sandvik).

Use of OPERATING Rock drills

drilling for COMPONENTS classification
OF THE based on
various DRILLING application of
purposes. SYSTEM mechanical
energy to rock.
Drilling

General
classifications
of the
explosives

Rock drills Rock drills’

classification specifications,
based on in general.
their
mountings.
Explosives and Blasting
These explosives feature following Classification of
explosive
characteristics: initiating
• Maximum power/unit volume; devices/systems
• Minimum weight/unit power;
• High velocity of detonation;
Detonators/Blasting-caps of different
types. (a) Ordinary non-electric. (b)
Mucking,
Casting and
Electric. (c) Electric Delay. (d) IC
connector. (e) Anodet system. (f) Nonel
• Long term stability under adverse storage conditions; System (Antistatic and non-electric). (g)
Electronic: 1-Base charge (PETN), 2-

Excavation
Primary explosive (lead-azide), 3-
• Insensitivity to shock on firing and impact. Mtachhead with bridge wire, 4-
Integrated circuit chip, Capacitor, 6-Over
voltage protection circuitry, 7-lad wires,
8-Sealing plug (Courtesy: Sandvik–
Tamrock).

UNDERGROUND
MUCKING UNITS
• Overshot loaders – Rocker
shovel Classification of Mucking
• Autoloaders – Hopper loaders mucking equipment
and LHDs together with their equipment for
• Arm loaders applications for the tunnels, shafts
• Scrapers underground and
• Dipper shovels and hydraulic excavation and
excavators (shovels tunneling operations underground
mines

Performance Transportation General

curves of various
loading/mucking
– haulage and classification of
mine
units. hoisting transportation
system

Batch and Track system – Comparison

continuous underground of Rope
system of rope haulage
transportation and locomotive
haulage
haulage. systems.
Supports
 NECESSITY OF
SUPPORTS
• The depth of deposit
• The local geological structure
(tectonics)
Supports – Support –
• The stratigraphy and geological some classification.
age of the rock
• The weathering concepts
• The presence of water and its
condition.

Hydraulic and friction props – some details. Hydraulic

Rock bolts –
chocks and shields. some prevalent
designs

Rock bolting

Relationship between standup

time and roof span of mine
openings and tunnels for rock
mass classes as per RMR system.
Support
requirements
while driving
tunnels through
different ground
conditions.