1.

DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE SELECTED FABRIC

Aim of the experiment:
To measure the tensile strength of the selected fabric using textile strength tester.
Pre-requisites:
Tensile strength is the most important property of a fabric. In almost every fabric development
and manufacturing, tensile properties are reported. Modulus, breaking strength and elongation at
break are widely used for quality control. A tensile testing machine working on one of the
following principles is used.
Theory: -
1) Parts of digi STRENGTH 1 Nx™
o Base of the Unit
o Speed knob (To change the speed by changing the belt)
o User friendly Control Panel.
o Fine Square Thread Head Screw.
o Upper Jaw Holding Bush
o Lower Jaw Holding Bush.
o Provision for Manual Operation.

2) Determining the suitability for any application of textiles, is its Tensile Strength and
Elongation Paramount digi STRENGTH 1 Nx™ for Textiles is an ergonomically
designed equipment, which is based on the Constant Rate of Elongation (CRE) principle.
The sample is held between two jaws, the lower one is a stationery jaw while the other
upper jaw is made to move at a preset help of Geared Moter and Lead Screw arrangement
(Speed can be selected 75 mm per minutes and 300 mm per minute). The load exerted on
the movable jaw is sensed by a sensitive sensor connected with load cell which directly
indicates the load in Digital form in Kgf The result of elongation is directly on the
calibrated scale with the help of a sharp pointer.

3) Capacity of the Tester – 0-250 kg

Sensitivity – 100Gms (0.1 kg)
Speed of Machine – 75mm/minutes
300mm/minutes
Minimum jaw separation – 25mm
Maximum jaw separation – 850 mm.
Motor - 1/2 HP, single phase, 230 ± 10% AC supply
Net wt. of the Unit – 189 kg.
Load measurement - Digital display indicates the max. Load exerted on the load cell
during the test with peak value and Zero setting switch.
 Elongation measurement – Caliberated Stainless steal scale with sharp pointer Indicating
continuous elongation Movement Controls - Push switch for LOAD, UNLOAD and stop
Function. Over load protection - Micro switches for over- travel protection.
Overall dimensions of the unit - 700 X 390 x 1930mm
27.5” x 15.5” x 76” Inch

Procedure: -
1. Set the gauge length of 10” between the two jaws.
2. Set the dial reading to zero.
3. Mount the specimen in the centre of the jaws switch on the machine and lighter the fabric
when the specimen breaks switch off the machine.
4. Note down the dial reading (tensile strength) either in kg or lbs corresponding to the
weight and elongation from the elongation scale.
5. Discard the value if the specimens breaks within 0.5cm of the jaw, loosen the cloth and
bring back to the upper jaw to its initial position.
6. Open the jaws and remove the broken samples.

Calculations:-
Warp –
Weft –
SL. NO INITIAL READING WEAVE TYPE TENSILE FINAL
1 WARP
2 WARP
3 WARP
4 WARP
5 WARP

1 WEFT
2 WEFT
3 WEFT
4 WEFT
5 WEFT

Precautions:-
1. All reading should be noted down to eye level
2. Machine should be stopped immediately after fabric breaks
3. Handling of machine should be done carefully
Result:- The given cotton fabric has excellent tensile strength in both warp ways and weft ways
direction.
2. DETERMINE THE EPI & PPI OF THE GIVEN FABRIC
Aim of the experiment:
To find out EPI and PPI of the given cotton fabric.
Apparatus Required :-
Traverse thread counter, 2 samples of fabric - 1 in weft ways direction, I warp ways direction,
size -2"x2"
Theory: -
Traverse thread counter (Paramount digiTRA i2) Length-300mm, Depth-255mm, Height-340.
One of the most common measure of the Quality of a Fabric is the Number of threads per unit
length in both Warp and weft directions. Openings of known widths are provided to enable picks
and ends per unit length to be determined both in Metric and Imperial systems. The base of the
apparatus is meticulously finished In Metallic Blue Paint and all parts are made for trouble free
life long operations
Technical specifications: Fabric can be checked: 1 inch, ½ inch, 10mm, 20mm, 50mm.
Digital Counter: 4-Digits re- settable digital counter
Light intensity controller: Variably setting the intensity of light.
Procedure: -
1. Take the 2" x 2" Warp ways cut cotton fabric sample and place it under the 1 inch
rectangle Space
2. Adjust the microscope and light Intensity accordingly.
3. Count no of threads in 1 inch for EPI (Ends per inch)
4. Repeat the same procedure for 2"x2" weft ways cut cotton fabric sample to count PPI
(picks per inch).
Precautions: -
1. Light Intensity should be accurate.
2. Double check the counting.
3. Placing of Fabric should be straight.
Result
1. EPI of Cotton Fabric -
2. PPI of Cotton Fabric -
3. DETERMINE THE GSM OF THE GIVEN FABRIC
Aim of the experiment :-
To calculate the GSM of the given cotton fabric
Apparatus Required :-
GSM machine, GSM cutter, 5 cut pieces of cotton fabric, using GSM cutter
Theory:-
GSM i.e., Grams per square meter is the metric measurement of the weight of a fabric GSM
testing machine is used for determining the weight per square meter of any fabric. The GSM
cutter cuts out rapidly and accurately 100 square centimeter pieces. The GSM testing machine is
made of high-grade aluminum [max wt. -600g, min wt.- 200mg, e- 10mg]
Procedure: -
1. Cut out 5 pieces of cotton fabric using GSM cutter.
2. Set the value of the GSM machine to 0.00 gms.
3. Measure the weight of each sample separately.
4. Take the average wt. of all 5 samples and multiply it with 100 to get GSM of 1 metre
fabric.
Calculation:-
Wt. of sample (1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5)/5
=
Avg. wt =
= 0.74 +0.75 +0.75 +0.75 +0.76 5 100 = 0.75 grams (WL of 200 sq.com)
GSM of 1 meter Cotton Fabric =
Precautions :-
1. Cut the fabric very carefully for sharp edges.
2. The value of the GSM machine should be set to 0.00 grams before each measurement
3. Drop fabric sample of on measuring surface at once and wait for the reading to stop before
noting down the value.
Result: -
GSM of the given cotton fabric is 0.75 X 100 = 75 gms.
4. DETERMINE THE YARN COUNT OF THE GIVEN FABRIC.
Aim of the experiment:
To find out the yarn count of the given cotton fabric
Apparatus Required:
Beesley Balance, needle, fabric sample cut in both were ways and weft ways direction using
template, template (acrylic)
Theory :-
1. The yarn count is a numeric expression which defines its fineness or coarseness. It also
expresses weather the yarn is thick or thin. A definition le given by the textile institute
"Count is a number which indicates the mass per unit length or the length per unit mass
of yarn”.
2. The following lengths are used to determine the count:
o Cotton -4.32 inch
o 1½ cotton - 2.16 inch
o Linen -1.543 inch
o Wool -1.315 inch
o Worsted -2.88 inch

3. Beesleys Balance consists of a pillar which carried a cross beam, fulcrumed at knife edge
at the top of the pillar. At one end the cross beam is a hook upon which the yarn to be
tested can be placed. The other and of the beam tappers at the end. When the beam is in
balance, the pointer will consider with the detum line. The pillar is mounted on the base.
The whole instrument is leveled by a leveled screw at one end of the base. The cross has
a small notch at the point to take the counter weight or rider
Procedure :-
1. Cut out 2 samples from the fabric using the cotton size in the given template; one in warp
ways direction and other in weft ways direction.
2. Separate out yarns from the samples by the help of a needle, and keep 7 placing on the
hook.
3. Continue the process till the beams. Coincides with the detum line.
4. Repeat the process for warp and weft Separately
Calculations:-
No. of threads in Warp 40s.
Convert to tex = 5'90.5/ 40 = 14.7625 = 15 Tex
No. of threads in weft – 39s.
Convert to tex - 590.5/ 39 =15.1410 = 15 Tex
Precautions: -
1. Cutting of the fabric should be straight
2. Take out yarns slowly as else more no. of yarns than required might be drawn out.
3. Close the glass slider while letting the beam balance.
Result :-
The yarn count of the given cotton fabric is 15 TEX...