Experiment: Investigating changes in temperature when ice is

heated.
Procedure:
– A 250 ml beaker is half-filled with ice, and the initial temperature
recorded.
– The ice is heated, while stirring with a thermometer and the
temperature recorded every 30 seconds.
– Heating and recording is done until the resultant water starts to
boil.
– A graph of temperature against time is plotted.
Results:
o
Temperatures ( C) -20 0 0 40 60 100 100 120 140

Time (seconds) 0 30 60

Plot a graph of temperature against time for heating of the water

Explanations:

Point A-B:
- As the ice is heated the temperature rises steadily from -20oC to
0oC.
Reason:
- The heat supplied increases the kinetic energy of the ice (solid
water) molecules; collisions between them hence increased
temperature.
Point B-C:
-The temperature of the ice remains constant even as heat is applied.
Reason:
- Heat supplied is used to break the forces of attraction between the
water molecules in ice.
- This is the melting point hence at B-C the ice melts.
Points C-D:
- At C, all the ice has already melted (turned to water).
- Between C and D, the temperature of the water increases as heating
continues.
Reason:
- The heat supplied increases the kinetic energy of the water
molecules; their rate of collision increases hence increased
temperatures.
Points D-E:
- Temperature of the water remains constant even as heat is being
supplied.
Point D-E is the boiling point i.e. 100oC.
Reason:
- The heat supplied is used to break the forces of attraction between
water molecules in the liquid.
Points E-F:
- At point E, all the liquid water has turned into vapour.
- Thus between E and F, the temperature of the vapour rises as heat
is applied
(a) What is meant by the term freezing point

(b) The graph below shows changes in temperature when steam is cooled into ice.

(c) (i) Name the states;

X: …………………… Y: ……………………… Z: ……………………
(ii) Name the processes taking place along
A: …………………………… B: ……………………………..............
(d) What do temperatures T1 and T2 represent;
T1: ……………………… T2: ………………………………….........
The Kinetic Theory of Matter

– States that matter is made up of small particles which are in

continuous random motion.
– The continuous random motion of particles in matter is called
Brownian motion.
– The rate of movement of particles in matter depends on the state