Exercise

A.
1. 0.88g of an organic compound Z that contains carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen and vapour density of 22 on combustion gave 1.76g of carbon
dioxide and 0.72g of water. Determine the;
(a) Empirical formula of Z (C=12, O=16, H=1) (Ans. EF is C2H4O).
(b) Molecular formula. (Ans. MF is C2H4O).
2. (a) A hydrocarbon Q of molecular mass 58 on combustion gave 9.6dm3 of
carbon dioxide and 9g of water at room temperature. Determine the;
i. Empirical formula of Q (C=12, O=16, H=1) (Ans. EF is C2H5).
ii. Molecular formula. (Ans. MF is C4H10).
b) Write all the structural formulae of isomers of Q.
3. 0.5g of an organic compound P that contains carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen and vapour density of 1.43×10-3gcm-3 in the vapour phase at
STP, on combustion gave 0.6875g of carbon dioxide and 0.5625g of
water.
a) Determine the;
i. Empirical formula of P (C=12, O=16, H=1) (Ans. EF is CH4O).
ii. Molecular formula. (Ans. MF is CH4O).
b) Write the structural formula of P.
B. Formula of a Compound by Explosion with Oxygen.
A hydrocarbon with a formula CxHy explodes in oxygen according to the equation.

y y
CxHy (g) + (x+ )O2(g) ⎯⎯
→ xCO2(g) + H2O(l)
4 2

A compound with a formula CxHyOz explodes in oxygen according to the equation.

y z y
CxHyOz + (x + - ) O2 ⎯⎯
→ xCO2 + H2O
4 2 2
Applying Avogadro’s hypothesis;
Volume of CO2 produced = x × (volume of CxHy).
Volume of O2 used = (x + y/4) × (volume of CxHy)

It’s worth noting that;

1. Volume of CO2 is always obtained from absorption with a strong alkalis
e.g. KOH or NaOH.
2. Volume of O2 used is obtained by subtraction of the volume of residual
gases after absorption from the original volume of O2.
3. Contraction = [volume of CxHy + volume of O2] – volume of CO2
ACTIVITY
1. 60cm3 of oxygen were added to 10cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon.
After explosion and cooling the residual gases occupied 50cm3. After
absorption with KOH solution, 30cm3 of the gaseous products
remained. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. Ans.
MF is C2H4.
2. 150cm3 of oxygen and 30cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon were
exploded and cooling the residual gases occupied 105cm3. After
absorption with NaOH solution, a diminution of 60cm3 of the
gaseous products was produced. Determine the molecular formula of
the hydrocarbon.
Ans. MF is C2H6.
3. (a) 10cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon Q was exploded with excess
oxygen. On cooling, the reduction in volume was 25cm 3. If the
vapour density of Q is 3.482×10-3gcm-3 at s.t.p. Calculate the
molecular formula of Q.
4. (a) 20cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon R was exploded with excess
oxygen. On cooling, the contraction in volume was 30cm3. If the
vapour density of R is 13. Calculate the molecular formula of R.
(b) Write equations to show how benzophenone can be synthesized from R.
5. A saturated organic compound M contains carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen only. When 20cm3 of M was exploded with excess oxygen
and cooled, there was a contraction of 70cm3 which occurred. When
the residual gases were treated with conc. KOH solution, there was a
further contraction of 120cm3 which occurred.in another experiment,
20cm3 of M when exploded in excess oxygen, 120cm3 of steam was
formed.
6. W is an organic compound of the CnH2nO series. 40cm3 of W was
exploded with 180cm3 of oxygen, the residual gases produced at
room temperature were passed through conc. KOH solution. The
final volume was found to be 20cm3.
a) Determine the molecular formula of W.
b) Write two structural formulae and IUPAC names of the isomers of W.