Lesson 1: THE SELF FROM THE PERSPECTIVE • Co-exist & co-dependent

OF PHILOSOPHY
ST. AUGUSTINE
Started in 600 BCE in Athens • Love of God is first
• 2 realms of human nature
Etymology Definition 1. God as the source of all reality &
The word Philosophy is said to be invented by truth
Pythagoras according to him, only the gods should 2. Sinfulness of man
be called wise men should be called 'lovers' or • Love is important in the search for
'friends' of wisdom. Hence, the terms 'philo' and happiness
'Sophia' were formulated which literally mean 'love'
and 'wisdom'. RENE DESCARTES
• Cogito, ergo sum- I think, therefore I am
Formal Definition • Powers of the human mind
Philosophy is defined as 'certa scientia per ultima • 1. Intuition
causas' which means certain knowledge through • 2. Deduction
ultimate causes - acquired by the use of human • 2 parts of the self
reason alone. • Body
• soul/mind
Popular Definition
Philosophy can be regarded as private wisdom JOHN LOCKE
giving the person the ability to look at things on a • It is the consciousness alone that identity
positive note. Hence, this gives man the opportunity exists, not in the body & soul.
to be optimistic especially in times of misfortune. • Mind is a tabula rasa
• Human nature is not innate
Technical Definition • 3 laws
Philosophy is the science of science. It not only • Opinion
unifies all sciences but also criticizes and defends • Civil
the conclusion of other sciences. • Divine

PHILOSOPHERS DAVID HUME

SOCRATES • Bundle theory of the mind
• Wisest of all men (delphi oracle) • Empiricist philosopher
• Left no writings • 2 types of perception
• An unexamined life is not worth living- know • Impression
yourself • Ideas
• Dualistic composition of man • Self is a product of imagination
• Body-imperfect, impermanent
• Soul-perfect, permanent
PLATO
Dualism EMMANUEL KANT
1. Shadows • Reason is the final authority of morality
2. Forms • 2 types of self
• 3 components of the soul • Inner self- rational reasoning &
1. Reason psychological state
2. Spirited • Outer self- body & physical mind
3. Appetites: should work harmoniously • A man’s duty to move towards perfection
• Wisdom and knowledge leads to happiness
SIGMUND FREUD
ARISTOTLE • Hidden & repressed memories will resurface
• He passed his knowledge to his students as hysteria
• Happiness depends upon us • Structure of the mind
• Humans have the power of reason and • ID
thought • Ego
• Ideal=essence; • Superego
• phenomena=matter • 2 kinds of instincts
 • Eros Game stage- conscious kids - already know about
• Thanatos their existence, know the people as the generalized
• Man is a product of his past others.
Social process
GILBERT RYLE • It can make people see themselves better
• I act, therefore, I am when they realize how the social world
• The concept of the mind impacts on their existence.
• Man is endowed with free will Roleplay
• Types of knowledge • It is the process of mentally assuming the
• Knowing-that perspective of another reason.
• Knowing-how Generalized other
• They are the people who strongly influence
PATRICIA CHURCHLAND our development.
• Neurophilosophy • It is the behavior of the person when he
• Man’s brain is responsible for the identity considers other people in his actions.
known as the self
• Self is real by helping the person tune-in to Theory of the self- the process of moving from the
the realities of the brain & the extant reality non-existent self to being the central character to
understanding others around them.
MAURICE MERLEAU- PONTY
• We are our bodies Composition of the Self
• Man cannot separate himself from his I-self- initiates or performs a social action
perceptions of the world Me-self - takes the role of the other.

Lesson 2: THE SELF FROM THE PERSPECTIVE CHARLES HORTON COOLEY

OF SOCIOLOGY Looking glass self- self that is a product of social
interaction
Phases
•Aims to discover the ways by which the 1. Presentation of the self to others
social environment influences people’s 2. Others evaluation of them
thoughts, feelings, and behavior. 3. Development of feelings about themselves
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD as a result of impressions
• Social behaviorism- the power of the
environment in shaping human behavior ERVING GOFFMAN
Impression Management
Stages of self-formation Process of altering how the person presents
himself to others
A person influences another person’s
STAGE EXISTENC CHARACTERISTI interpretation of a person, place or thing by
E OF CS controlling the information they receive.
SELF
Dramaturgical Approach- seeing similarities of real
PREPARATO None Imitation
social interaction to a theatrical presentation in
RY
everyday interactions
PLAY Developin Role-taking
g Face-work- observed in situations where face-
saving measures are resorted to in the maintenance
GAME Present Generalized other of a proper self-image in embarrassing situations.
Lesson 3: THE SELF FROM THE PERSPECTIVE
OF
Preparatory Stage- infants, self-formation wherein ANTHROPOLOGY
the behavior is based on imitation.
Play Stage- Toddlers, developing consciousness
and they know the roles of the people around them.
• Study of man and its totality of what it means
to be human.
 • Involves physical/biological characteristics; • core of every culture which involves
social relationships; and influences of culture human preferences towards
from the dawn of civilization to the present. good/bad or right/wrong
• Greek words:
• Anthropos = man ”human being” FILIPINO LANGUAGE-incredibly interesting by
• Logos = study articulation and being by being gender-neutral

Survival - most important aspect of human nature

Direct Indirect Oblique
(ang) (ng) (sa)
FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1st person ako ko akin
singular
1. Archaeology - a study of fossils & artifacts
1st person tayo natin atin
in order to discover how people lived their
plural inclusive
lives
2. Biological anthropology - the study of the 1st person kami namin amin
biological aspect of man (includes bodily plural exclusive
adaptations)
• ex. Diseases,causes of death etc. 2nd person Ikaw mo iyo
3. Linguistic Anthropology - means of singular (ka)
communication that identifies a group of people.
English - Universal Language 2nd person kayo ninyo inyo
4. Cultural anthropology - includes behavior, plural
beliefs, values, symbols that are considered as a
3rd person siya niya kaniya
way of life. singular

CULTURAL DETERMINISM 3rd person sila nila kanila

• beliefs that human behavior is influenced by plural
cultural factors, rather than biological.
• Culture VS hereditary
• Belief that we do not set limitation in our
human abilities
• Negative effects - no control in what we are Understanding The Self
doing
Lesson 1: The Self in Eastern and Western
CULTURAL RELATIVISM / RELATIVITY Thoughts
• have no right to correct someone else's
culture. No right to judge other cultures. Eastern
• The sole judge of a culture is its people • Collectivist
• There is no right or wrong way of behaving • The identity of the individual is lost and does
that is based on one’s culture not exist as part of the group
MANIFESTATIONS OF CULTURE • Emphasis is on hierarchy
1. Symbols • Beats around the bush
• words, gestures, pictures, objects • Ingrained in Eastern culture
that has acceptable meaning • Asia
2. Heroes Western
• real or fictitious characters of the • Individualistic
past or present that are important in • A person sees himself as being
a culture as models of behavior. capable of living his own life
3. Rituals • Values equality
• activities participated by a group of • Straightforward
people for a desired objective and are • Mostly observed in Western Culture
considered as socially essential • Europe and Northern America
4. Values
Confucianism
Confucius- Kong Zhongni
Ren- Code of Ethical Conduct 1. Hindi gumagamit ng po at opo
2. Umalis ng Plipinas
MANIFESTATIONS OF REN 3. May halong ibang lahi sa dugo
1. Li 4. Hindi saulo ang panatang makabayan
• propriety involves adherence to the 5. Hindi nakakadayo ng fiesta
rituals of the community; basis:
customs, ceremonies & traditions.
• 5 relationships- father-son; ruler- Lesson 2: The Self from the Perspective of
subject; older-younger brothers; Psychology
husband-wife; friend-friend
2. Xiao Psychology
• filiality; virtue of reverence and • A field of social sciences that deals with the
respect for family description, explanation, prediction, and
3. Yi- control of behavior.
• rightness; right way of behaving. • Etymology: greek words PSYCHE (soul)
and LOGOS (study).
• Nature vs nurture controversy
• All should be observed in person. • It is not baseless
• Virtuous people result in a well-rounded, Note:
civilized, humane society. • It needs certain data
Flow • Intelligence- multifactorial
• It rejects having one definition of what Tao • May pagkain na makakatulong kapag nag-
is. aaral
• Believes that the self is not just an • Bumabagal isip natin pag pagod siya.
extension of the family or the community. • School: affects your intelligence
• The ideal self is selfless but does not forget
about the self. William James Theory of Self
• It is living a balanced life.
Characteristics of thoughts
Taoist- follow the tao and don’t believe in God • Owned by personal self.
Nirvana “Life is suffering. Stop identifying with your • Never static
emotion and remain analytical. Everything is just as • There is continuity.
it is.” • Deals with objects that are different &
• The self is seen as an illusion, born out of independent of consciousness.
ignorance, of trying to hold and control • Can focus on particular objects.
things, or human-centered needs. Note:
• The self is also the source of all sufferings. • Magkaiba ang consciousness sa iniisip
Buddhists- follow Buddha’s teachings and believe natin
in God. • Meron tayong selective attention
• Amazing ang isip natin
Collectivistic Self - the identity of the individual that
exists as part of the society. Parts of the self
• I self
Attendance: Filipinos are resourceful when it comes • pure ego
to handcrafting. They can make something • It is the self that knows who we are
beautiful out of one’s ugliness • Our thinking self
• The totality of who we are
Pinoy chuchu • Decision making
• Me self
Pinoy ka kung: • Considered as a self-object.
1. Nasakay ka ng jeep bawat gala. • empirical
2. Nakapusta ka sa mga sabong • Compose of diff. things
3. Nakapag laro kang tumbang-preso • Separate objects of who we are
4. Mahilg kang tumawad sa mga bilihin
5. Tabo ang gamit mo sa pagligo
Pinoy pa rin kahit: a. Material Self
 • Objects that belong to the person. • Self-regulation - allows the person to set
• Family goals that are better & higher than the
former
Human Agency
b. Social Self We examine what bandura refers to as the “core
• Who the person is in a particular features” of human agency:
social situation • Intentionality
• Paano nag re-react • Actions with full awareness
• You can think about the result
• Forethought
c. Spiritual Self • Anticipation of likely outcomes
• Most subjective/intimate part • Self reactiveness
• more permanent • Person is motivated & regulates his
• Diff from religion behavior in achieving his goals
• Most subjective • Self reflectiveness
• Person looking inward
• reflecting
Murray Bowch
Global self- represents the overall value that a Lesson 3: The Physical Self: The Self as
person places upon himself Impacted by the Body
Differentiated Self- the balance between
togetherness and individuality should be Physical Self
maintained. • Refers to the concrete dimensions of the
body
Self-discrepancy (HIGGINS) • Tangible which can be observed and
• Results when the self deviates from his examined
internalized standards and cause emotional Types of Self-Care
discomfort • Physical
• Emotional
Carl Rogers: Person-Centered Theory • Social
1. REAL SELF- “who am I?” • Spiritual
2. IDEAL SELF- “who do I want to be?” Self-understanding- the individuals’ cognitive
a. There should be congruence representation of the self which consists of the
substance & the content of self-conceptions.
David Lester
• MULTIPLE SELVES- different aspects of Heredity-Environment Relationship
the individual exists • Misconceptions
• UNIFIED SELF- connected to o Exclusive Operation
consciousness o Additive Contribution
• The nature and extent of the influence of
DW Winnicott hereditary and environmental factors
1. TRUE SELF- characterized by high level of depend on each other. An individual’s
awareness of who the person is. characteristics may be conceived of as the
2. FALSE SELF- manifested in the form of product of hereditary and environmental
defense factors.
*Both are present in all indiv. Heredity- transmission of traits from parents to
offspring
• Nasa dugo na
Albert Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
• Proactive & agentic
Autosome- actual chromosome present normally
• Triadic reciprocal causation paradigm- how
inside the nucleus without considering the x & y
people are affected by the interaction chromosome
among environmental events, behavior, & NOTE:
personal factors There are 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Self-efficiency - capable of behaving to
46 chromosomes
produce desired positive results 23rd pair= sex chromosome
Maturation- Completion of growth of a genetic Factors(affecting the perception of the Physical
character within an organism or the unfolding of an Self)
individual’s inherent traits or potential. 1. Personal factors
a. Introspection & Self-Reflection- it is
Pre-natal stage observed when our internal state after a behavior
Infancy age (birth-2 years) b. Self-perception Theory - our observation of
Early childhood (3-5years) the self as an another pov
Middle and late childhood (6-12yrs) c. Self-Concept - cognitive representation of
Adolescence(13-18yrs) everything abt us (strengths and weaknesses)
Early Adulthood(19-20 yrs) d. Personal Identity - concept of who we are in
Middle Adulthood(30-60yrs) the development through the years
Late Adulthood(61 and above) finally to death 2. Social Factors
. Attachment process & Social Appraisal-
Adolescent Period a. Maintaining, regulating & Interpersonal
• Happens during the ages 10-12 to Relationships
3 Periods of Adolescence b. Looking-Glass Self
1. Early- 11 to 14 y/o c. Social Comparison
2. Middle- 15 to 17 y/o • Upward
3. Late- 18 to 21 y/o • Downward
In the Ph- 15 to 30 is considered the age of the e. Social Identity
youth. Filipino Concept of Beauty
Eurocentrism- A tendency to interpret the world in
Puberty terms of European or Anglo-American values &
• Most essential marker of the beginning of experiences
adolescence. Colorism- the prejudicial treatment of same-race
• Happens as part of a neuroendocrine people based solely on skin color.
process thru the pituitary gland
• Girls- menarche(first menstrual flow) LESSON 4: SEXUAL SELF
• Boys- spermarche/semenarche(first
ejaculation/nocturnal emission) At birth, the sexual genital (penis for males and
vagina for females) is a biological feature that
FEMALE MALE distinguishes males from females. Moreover, during
puberty, observable changes in the human body
GONADS Ovaries Testes also known as secondary sexual characteristics
begin. When physiological changes are triggered
within the adolescent’s reproductive system, he or
Hormones Estrogen Androgen she is likely to experience sexual urges, become
Testosterone more sensitive to sexual stimuli, and feel sexual
arousal. Arousal may be exhibited through penile
Primary Ovulation Sperm erection in men and vaginal lubrication or wetness
Sexual Production in women. Humans are likely to engage in sexual
Chars activities to satisfy sexual urges. However, the kind
of sexual activities they engage in may
Secondary • Height • Facial vary. If sexual arousal is satisfied through sexual
Sexual • Widening & hair intercourse, orgasm would be reached. The
Chars of the hips • Muscles refractory period or the period of rest after
• Increase • Change orgasm differs in men and women. A person
of fatty in the should be aware of his or her sexuality and sexual
tissues in voice attributes in order to make responsible decisions.
breasts
At birth, one’s sexuality depends on his/her
Body Image physical features and genitals. Most of the time,
• Refers to the way one sees him/herself one’s sexuality and gender orientation correspond
• Spotlight Effect- a belief that others are with each other. However, biological sex and
paying more attention to the person’s gender orientation are two different things.
appearance & behavior than they really are. Biological sex is one’s assignment upon birth and
is dependent on physical features. On the other
hand, gender is an identity that is learned and
embraced by the individual. Sexual identity and
gender orientation underlie one’s concept of self.
Sexual identity and gender orientation underlie
one’s concept of self. A person expresses his/her
sexuality through individuality; one’s beliefs and
behavioral lifestyle are based on his/her own
perception of sexuality. Different sexual orientations
are as follows.
Resolution In this phase, the body returns to its
non-excited state.
Sexual intercourse is a reproductive act. Meaning it
can result in an early and unplanned pregnancy.
Having a child entails a big responsibility and
should not merely be a consequence of an
impulsive moment. Nowadays, contraceptives are
available to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

SEXUAL DESCRIPTION METHOD DESCRIPTION

ORIENTATION
I. Natural Method - does not involve any
1. Heterosexual Sexual orientation is towards chemical or foreign body introduction into the
the opposite sex human body.
2. Homosexual Sexual orientation is towards 1. Celibacy Avoidance of sexual
a. Lesbian another of same sex. intercourse
b. Gay • women attracted to
women 2. Calendar Charting the menstrual
• Man attracted to men cycle of a woman to
determine her fertile and
3. Bisexual A person whose sexual
infertile times.
orientation to both men and
women.
3. Basal Body A woman records her
4. Pansexual Sexually attracted to both men
Temperature temperature every morning
and women to determine her fertile and
infertile times
5. Transgender A broad spectrum of
a. Transexual individuals who transiently or 4. Cervical Observance of a woman's
persistently identify with Mucus cervical mucus. There are
gender different from their changes in the mucus
natal gender. during ovulation.
• Individual who sees
5. Ovulation An OTC kit that requires
Detection the urine sample of a
The Human Sexual Response Cycle is composed woman to determine the
of 4 stages. Though it varies from person to person surge of luteinizing
and sexual fulfillment can occur without the hormone.
completion of all phases.
6. Coitus Happens when a man
Interruptus ejaculates outside the
Phase Description woman's vagina.

Excitement Characterized by an increase in II. Artificial Method - involves any product,

heart rate and blood pressure as procedure or practice that uses unnatural
well as heightened muscle tone. means to prevent pregnancy.

Plateau Characterized by intensification of 1. Hormonal Prevents the release of an

the changes that begun during the egg or ovulation
excitement phase
a. Pills Taken orally that contains
Orgasm Characterized by waves of intense estrogens, progestogen or
pleasure (climax), often associated progestin
with vaginal contractions in females
and ejaculations in males.
 b. Patch Sticks on the skin that and/or anal
contains estrogens and lesions
progestogen
3. GENITAL Human Mostly
c. Injectable A long acting reversible WARTS Papillomavirus asymptomatic
contraception
4. Neisseria Males-penile
2. Barrier Methods of physically or GONORRHEA Gonorrhoeae discharge;
chemically blocking the burning
sperm from reaching an sensation
egg. during
urination.
a. IUD Inserted after the woman's Females-
menstrual flow that irritating vaginal
discharge
contains progesterone
5. SYPHILIS Treponema 1-chancre
b. Cervical They are inserted in the
Pallidum sores; 2-skin
Caps vagina to cover the cervix
rashes
c. Condoms Placed on either genital to 6. CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia F-
prevent fertilization of an Trachomatis asymptomatic
egg
7. CHANCROID Haemophilus Genital ulcers;
III. Sterilization - Procedures that make an Ducreyi inguinal
individual permanently incapable of conceiving lymphadenopat
or fertilizing a partner hy

a. Ligation For women wherein their 8. Trichomonas F-vaginal

fallopian tubes are tied. TRICHOMONIAS Vaginalis discharge;
IS redness; itching
b. Vasectomy For males wherein the vas M-irritation;
deferens are tied or burning
blocked. sensation;
discharge
IV. Emergency Contraception - a measure that
protects against pregnancy after unprotected
sex has occured
It is important that everyone makes responsible
decisions with regard to sexuality and sexual
behaviour. Below are responsible sexual behaviour
In being sexually active, aside from pregnancy, tips:
another consequence of impulsive and careless • Respect for one’s body.
sexual intercourse is the risk of acquiring sexually • Maturity in thoughts and deeds.
transmitted infections. While most can be treated • Be guided by one’s personal beliefs and
and cured, STDs may have long-term core values.
consequences to one’s health. The following are • Be future-oriented.
some examples of STIs or STDs:

STD/STI Cause Symptoms

1. AIDS Human Weight loss, Lesson 5: Emotional Self

Immunodeficien recurring fever,
cy Virus which pneumonia
targets the CD4 An important aspect of understanding the
cells. self is acknowledging the presence of emotions.
Emotions serve as a driving force in how one acts
2. GENITAL Herpes Simplex Recurrent, and behaves. It plays a part in making decisions,
HERPES Virus painful genital embracing certain lifestyles, and relating to others.
 However, emotions should not rule over
one’s rationality and become the sole basis of
decisions. We are all expected to have the capacity
to manage our emotions. Why? It is because they
are considered the lower level responses occurring
in the brain, which create biochemical reactions in
the body, and consequently cause changes in one's
physical state.
There is a distinction between emotions and
feelings despite both being interchangeably used
and discussed in various contexts. Emotion is a
biological experience and response, while feelings
have been defined as the mental portrayal of what
is going on in your body when you have an
emotion. In short, emotions are physiological and
feelings are subjective experiences.
Emotional intelligence (EQ) is one’s ability
to understand emotion and for them to contribute to
how one perceives his/her environment. It includes
our capacity to regulate our emotions and be aware
which one is helpful for emotional and intellectual
growth. It is a requirement for one’s overall well-
being and, hence, can translate to effective
functioning in all aspects of one’s life. Research
has shown that high EQ has a positive impact in
various settings such as our thinking abilities, social
competence, and even in the workplace as well as
our daily life.
3 Models of Emotional Intelligence
1. Mayer, Salovey & Caruso
a. emotional perception and expression
b. emotional facilitation (sound judgment)
balancing of rationality and intellect
c. emotional understanding and analysis
d. reflective emotional regulation
2. Goleman
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-management
c. Social awareness
d. Relationship management
3. Bar-on
a. Self-perception
b. Self-expression
c. Interpersonal
d. Decision-making
e. Stress management
Adolescence is considered a turbulent time
of development due to all the changes that they go
through. This is why emotional growth is a crucial
point. In order to establish emotional efficacy and
maturity, emotional regulation must be learned.
Emotional regulation is an attempt to
influence emotion and can be applied in interacting
with the self and others. It may take two forms:
cognitive reappraisal and suppression.
• Cognitive reappraisal involves the
evaluation of the situation prior to making
personal, subjective valuations about it.
• Suppression involves denial and masking
of facial expressions to hide one’s current
emotional state. Individuals have the
following characteristics when they have
reached emotional maturity and efficacy.
1. Self-control
2. Trustworthiness
3. Conscientiousness
4. Adaptability
5. Innovation
6. Empathy
How do we develop emotional
regulation? It can be learned primarily through
observational and social referencing particularly
through the family. School can also play a crucial
role in a person’s emotional regulation. Thus it is
important that students engage in learning
opportunities.
TIPS:
1. Smile to make yourself feel good
2. Smile to make others feel good
3. Get up and move
4. Check in with your body
5. Physically remove the tension
6. Breathe
7. Talk to someone
8. Disengage and re-engage emotions
9. Label your emotions
10. Label you emotions for others
LOVE: Emotion or Drive?
A study revealed that brain activity was
recorded when people lotachmentok at photos of
people they love. The parts of the brain that were
activated were closely associated with anticipation
of reward. The same system is involved in pleasure
and addiction which serves as the dopamine in the
brain. But a study by Fisher et al., (2006)
concluded that love can be considered as a strong
motivation- an addictive craving to be with the
person you love. Let’s discuss the different studies
about love <3 .
1. Helen Fisher - Phases of Romantic Love
 STAGE Characteristics Hormones Lesson 1: DIGITAL SELF
and Neural
pathway
involved
• It can be positive and negative
Lust Intense craving for Androgen, • EXpose sa maraming bagay
sexual conduct estrogen;
pheromones 3 Major Purposes of Internet
• Social Interaction
Attraction Infatuation, Energy High dopamine • Communication through socmed
and attention is & • Information Acquisition and Generation
focused on one norepinephrine • Entertainment
particular person Low serotonin
Note: malaking bagay ang internet
Attachment Long term bond Oxytocin;
between partners vasopressin
BIGGEST CHALLENGE
• To make sure that Technology is used properly.
• Abuse of technology always leads to negative
2. John Lee - Love Styles consequences but it would be unfair if only the
technology would be blamed.

Love Description Note: 0-2 yrs old bawal ang cocomelon bawal ang
style screen time. Pwede if video call with family

Eros Based on strong sexual & emotional

component; quick to fall in & out of love
• In cyberspace, authority is minimized because
Agape Altruistic & selfless love; doesn’t expect there is no fear of disapproval and punishment.
something in return And since adolescents who speak out may
sometimes feel that they come from a position of
Storge Love-related friendship; slow and gradual authority.
process

Ludus Fun; don’t value commitment or intimacy; • We all become who is in authority
no jealousy • Lahat tayo may knowledge at alam

Mania Intense feeling that can lead to

DIGITAL IDENTITY
obsessive & possessive love
• The identity a person claims in cyberspace
Pragma Practical & business-like love; based on • It is vitally important in order for him/her to
what is appropriate project him/herself in the said environment
5 P’s for a positive Digital Footprint
• Profile
• only use your first name. Do not give out
3. Robert Sternberg - Triangular theory of any personal information.
Love • Permission
• Make sure you have permission to view
and share information online.
• Privacy
• Keep your passwords and personal
details private.
• Protect
• Keep evidence and don’t bully back, tell
an adult.
• Positive
• Make sure the information you share is
positive.

ONLINE DISINHIBITION
 • When people adopt fake identities, they are
likely to engage in behaviors that they would not
People want toys We need food because if we
do in real life interactions. to keep them don’t eat we could die of
• Reasons: anonymity; virtual invisibility; entertained. starvation.
asynchronous communications; and personal
introjections. People want We need water to keep
devices to play ourselves hydrated so we
Note: people who does negativity and research. won’t die of thirst.

2 Categories of Disinhibition People want fancy We need shelter to keep

• Benign disinhibition clothes to look ourselves protected from all
• Occurs when people tend to disclose good. weather.
more on the internet than they would on
real life
• More on socmed than in real life
People want If humans don’t wear clothes
• Toxic disinhibition
vehicles to travel for the right season they can
• It is when one uses rude language, bully to places. die of heat stroke or
or threatens others. (toxic people) hypothermia.
• Toxic to other people, threaten, bully
Wants
• Synonymous with luxuries. Things we
GENDER & SEXUALITY ONLINE don't need but want to have
• Makes your life happy

• Gender intensification hypothesis states that Needs

there is an increase in socialization pressure to
• Are those important for survival like
conform to gender roles.
food, clothing, and shelter. Things that
• Sexting is sending & receiving sexually explicit
messages, photographs which is a big issue in are essential and necessary in life
adolescents.
• Sex is also explicitly portrayed in movies, TV SEMIOLOGY (Roland Bartes)
shows, videos, lyrics of songs, MTV and internet
sites.
• The study of objects as signs.
Suggestions on how to be responsible online: • He was the first to observe the relationships
• Don’t post or do anything that will embarrass you that people have with objects. Objects are
(even in the future) used as signs which could be decoded to
• Avoid posting when experiencing strong
convey messages beyond their practical
emotions.
value.
• Choose your crowd even when offline.
• Hidden message of our chosen things.
• Keep confidential information.
• Relationship sa bagay na meron tayo.
• Respect others!

Note: Possessions are extended versions of

oneself.
Lesson 2: ECONOMIC SELF
Signs
• Anything that conveys meaning (man made
WANTS NEEDS signs)

2 Elements
Are synonyms Are those important for
with luxuries. survival like food, clothing,
and shelter.
1. Signifiers - objects: physical form
Are things we Are the things that are 2. Signified - mental concepts it refers to.
don’t need but essential and necessary in
want to have. life. The things we use, own & surround ourselves with
might accurately reflect our personality.
 • ANTICIPATED AFFECT
Functions of Material Possessions • When a person is
expecting to feel good
or guilty when doing
1. Instrumental something.
• Functional properties of a product
2. Social symbolic
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
• Signify personal qualities, social
standing, group affiliation & gender Excitement Anger
role
3. Categorical Pride Sadness
• The extent to which material
possessions may be used to Happiness Frustration
communicate group membership.
4. Self- expressive
• A person’s unique qualities, values
or attitudes. • Buy goods that is only needed = Feelings of
Incomplete
ECONOMICS
• The study of things that a person is lacking,
of how people make use of the things that • Decision making is important when being
they have, & of making the right decisions. confronted with buying something!
SELF - SUFFICIENCY
• The ability of individuals & families to
consistently meet their needs. LESSON 3: SPIRITUAL
ECONOMIC CONSCIOUSNESS
SELF
• A result of socialization &
professionalization of the subject that Supernatural Beings
acquires a particular significance in human • Are beings that are better & more powerful
affairs. than any other creatures.
• Most are anthropomorphic (mukhang tao)
ECONOMIC IDENTITY • It includes all that cannot be explained by
• Psychological phenomenon that results the laws of nature.
from social categorization.
• Categorize natin ang mga tao Adolescents
• Upper,middle, low class • Religious issues are important
• Girls are more religious than boys
SYMBOLIC MOTIVES • Church goers are motivated to behave in a
socially acceptable manner.

1. STATUS
• When a person can derive a sense
of recognition or achievement from
owning & using the right kind of
product & a motivator of behaviour.
2. AFFECTIVE MOTIVES
• When people buy the goods
because of the joy/happiness (affect)
buying the goods provides through
the mere acquisition of it.
• • Dungan (soul) can’t be seen by the human
Different Beliefs of the Filipinos
ANIMISM
• The world oldest belief system
• Every living and nodungan-living person has
spirit.
Indigenous Filipinos
• Kaluluwa, ikararuwa, karuruwa
Ilonggos
eye & show themselves in the form of
insects or small animals.
Ibanags
• The soul is the principle of life when the SPIRITUALITY RELIGION
body & soul are one unitt.
Individualistic Community focused
focused
Bisayans - Dungan may leave the body when
asleep. Anything that happens to the Dungan Less visible, Observable,
happens to the body. measurable, measurable, objective
Rituals - a religious/ solemn ceremony consisting subjective
of a series of actions performed according to a
prescribed order. It is an inevitable component of Emotionally- oriented, Formal, orthodox
culture. inward directed organized

Functions: Non-doctrine Behavior-oriented,

1. A symbolic expression oriented outward practice
2. A transcendent numinous reality
3. Set of behaviors that are symbolic Self-directed “good/evil” doctrine

Rites Spiritual practices Authority - directed

• Spoken word used in a ritual that conveys such as meditating,
meaning and value. listening to music,
and hiking
Ceremony
Religious practices such
• movements / gestures expressing
as prayer, reading the
feelings/beliefs beyond the limitations of
Quran/Bible/Torah, and
speech.

RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY

Religion
• An organized set of beliefs, practices,
rituals, symbols that increases an
individual’s connection to a sacred.
Religiousness
• The degree by which one is affiliated with
an organized religion in terms of
participation.
Spirituality
• Involves experiencing something beyond
oneself in a transcendent manner & live in a
way that benefits others.
Spiritual identity
• The persistent sense of self that addresses
ultimate questions about nature, purpose,
and meaning of life.
• Unexperienced/ personal
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:
We were born with a spirit, but were taught
religion.
Magic
• The power of apparently influencing the
course of events by using mysterious or
supernatural forces
Wizard
• Acquainted with the secrets of the non-
material.
Necromancer
• One who seeks the dead; they wake
attempts to make contact with departed
spirits.
Sorcerer
• Pharmakos; carries the idea of medicine,
magic potions, drugs. & poison.
Barang
• A Filipino term for malignant sorcery
Kulam
• Tagalog for witchcraft; uses black magic
Albulario / Mananambal
• Filipino witch doctor capable of sorcery.
Logotherapy

Viktor Frankl and Man’s search for meaning

• Meaning in Life

• Life has a meaning under all

circumstances, even the most
miserable ones
• Will to Meaning
• Our main motivation for living in our
will to find meaning in life.
• Freedom of Will
• We have freedom to find meaning in
what we do and what we
experience.