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Radiate in

~<.{ v-..Ac..,:_,
modes Conduct in Convection

3
3 M.oJ....t.....1

and Radiation
1-vJ

e.

EM
Wave
M W"-v<-

sSolar energy


e, Sunn.
b"-) cf
(,.. r-- l 11\.Lr i \.1.


V,·s

Visible s~ci ""'~
,·~(.(_
spectrum

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Wavelength dependence

spectral

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\J -
thermal
-1'lUr-PA- I·""
adiatin
( v,.,-J
y#JI.'_,.\
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Cosmic rays ,4 ;?:

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Gamma rays

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, X-rays
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Ultraviolet
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B ,Visible, 0.4--0.7 p.m


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Near infrared,
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<i.7-25
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p.m,
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Far infrared , 25- 1000 µm

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Wavelength (p.m)

FIGURE1.3 Spectrum of electromag netic radiatio n (wavelength in vacuum).

Radiation 001

heating
absorbed
element
a - ~tf(Lct~
reflected
ll ----(t,t,kl,i
i
µ

dependsonthedirection
Dverv
Oven

reflected
Kuwabsorbed

9 directional dependence
Radiation
Wavelength dependence X spectral
directional dependence
port.in fnaetni that
arrive the object
t configuration
factor
Integrate over all the
source all the
energy
direct in

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