LOCAL STUDY

The Punzalan, F. E. R., Reganit, P. F. M., & Reyes, E. B. (2013) conducted a

stratified survey. The over-all prevalence of current smokers based on the survey

conducted 33% (53.79% and 11.07% for men and women),respectively. 12.79 % were

former smokers (20.87% of men and 5.18% of women) while 25.15% of men and

82.20% of women were never smokers. Among current male smokers, the highest

prevalence (56.73%) belonged to the 40-49 age category, followed by the 20-29 age

group (56.23%). It is lowest among respondents older than 60 years of age. Among

current female smokers, the highest prevalence (17.67%) belonged to the 40-59 age

category, followed by the older than 60 age group (16.87 %). It was lowest among the

respondents in the 20-29 age group. The highest prevalence of former male smokers

belonged to the older than 60 years category (40.58%), followed by the 40-59 age

group (24.87%). It was lowest in the 20-39 age group (29.89%). In like manner, the

highest prevalence of former female smokers belonged to the older than 60 years

category (11%), followed by the 40-59 age group (5.32%). It was lowest in the 30-29

age group (3.91%). In 2003, the 2nd National Nutrition and Health Examination Survey

showed the following results: The over-all prevalence of current smokers based on this

survey was 34.8% (56.3% and 12.1% for men and women), respectively. 15.1% of

men and 5.1% of women were former smokers. The 2009 GATS (Philippines) was a

nationally representative household survey of adult Filipinos older than 15 years. It

gathered information on tobacco usage and prevention techniques. The study's findings

that the overall prevalence of current tobacco use was 28.3% of a population older
than 15 million; 47.7% of men (14.6 million) and 9.0% of women (2.8 million), Eighty

percent of current smokers are daily smokers; and the type of product smoked by 98%

of men and 83% of women smokers is manufactured cigarettes. Also In the Philippines,

there is a large amount of teen smoking. The results of the 2007 Global Youth Tobacco

Survey (GYTS) in the Philippines, which included participants aged 13 to 15, revealed

that 17.5% of the students currently smoked cigarettes and 7.7% used other tobacco

products. Boys were more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes today (23.4% vs.

12.0%), but there was no gender difference in the usage of other tobacco products

(8.2% and 7.2%).

According to René A. Arrazola. Office on Smoking and Health, National Center

for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention(2020) states that there are more than 8 million deaths are

caused by tobacco smoking worldwide each year, including more than 110000 deaths in

the Philippines. Most people who smoke tobacco start doing so throughout their

adolescence, and smoked tobacco products like cigarettes are the most popular type of

tobacco consumed worldwide. Smoking is known to have negative effects on one's

health, including a rise in the number and severity of respiratory ailments as well as

several malignancies and cardiovascular diseases if it is continued throughout one's life.

The Philippines conducted a tobacco control law to combat the youth tobacco epidemic

in the country. It is the Republic act No. 9211 in 2003. It prohibits the sale of small

packets of cigarettes and the sale of tobacco products within 100 meters of schools,
playgrounds, and other facilities frequented by minors. There are no restrictions on

internet sales or the sale of single cigarettes. In addition, the sale of tobacco products

is prohibited to persons under the age of 21. Also, in order to comply with the FCTC

and WHO's MPOWER initiatives, government agencies and local government units have

produced rules and ordinances since 2005, including the Republic Act No. 9211.

FOREIGN STUDY

According to the study of Audrain-McGovern J, Rodriguez D, Moss HB. (2003)

There is a connection between changes in teenage smoking and changes in physical

activity. On their study, in 978 high school students who were taking part in a

longitudinal cohort research of the factors of smoking adoption, they prospectively

assessed smoking progression, physical activity, demographic characteristics, and

variables. With smoking progression assessed as an ordered categorical variable,

employing latent growth modeling with the parallel processes of physical activity and

smoking progression as the methodology. In this investigation, it finds out that,

increasing physical activity reduces the likelihood of starting to smoke or try a cigarette.

According to the data smoking more by almost 1.5 (1.44; P 0.05). The chances of

smoking advancement rose by 1.32 (P 0.05) when a person is male. The conclusion of

the study is that more physical activity may reduce the likelihood that adolescents will

refrains to smoke. Youth smoking prevention programs should promote physical activity

to prevent smoking initiation and progression.

Reference:

https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/1288

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7398130/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14652270/