i

EFFECTIVENESS ON UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM AND

NON-UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM OF PNP IN AYALA
ZAMBOANGA CITY POLICE STATION 9 TOWARDS CRIME
PREVENTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

A THESIS

Presented to the
FACULTY OF COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
Western Mindanao State University
Zamboanga City

In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements in

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Belarmino, Santhy A.
Cabanero, Jude Ryan P.
Jammang, Yusrimar D.

May 2022
 iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to acknowledge and express their deepest

gratitude and sincere appreciation to the following persons who have
contributed a lot from the beginning of the study towards its completion.

The researchers’ parents who had offered and given their utmost and
best support and concern to the researchers.

Dr. Mario Ritchie O. Hibionada, Dean of the College of Criminology

Justice Education for encouraging us to conduct this research study.

Asst. Prof. Jiemar A. Arabani, thesis adviser, for the persistent help,
guidance, and advice, from title defense up to the final defense.

Asst. Prof. Johanna J. Abdulla, Chairman of the panel, Asso. Prof.

Reinier N. Rosaldo, and Inst. Arvin Joey Romo for giving suggestions and
comments for the betterment of the research.

Prof. Gregorio Mendoza, Jr. Ph. D for giving his expertise during the
defense and revising our research title.

The panelists, for giving their opinions for the success of this paper.

The PNP of Ayala station 9, Local Resident of Ayala, and Employees

of various sardines companies, for participating in our study.

And most of all, to our Almighty God who had given us strength and
courage to face the problems that we encounter in making this research and
for the knowledge, wisdom, and blessings that He had given upon the
researchers.
 iv

DEDICATION

The researchers would like to dedicate this project to our Almighty

God, who guided us through the entirety of the conduct of this research, and
without Him, this research would not come to a success.

To our proud and supportive families especially to our parents, for

providing us with motivation & inspiration to moral and financial support.

To the faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education for guiding

us. Lastly, to our loving friends who also helped in the completion of the
research.
 v

ABSTRACT

EFFECTIVENESS ON UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM AND

NON-UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM OF PNP IN AYALA
ZAMBOANGA CITY POLICE STATION 9 TOWARDS CRIME
PREVENTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

By

Belarmino, Santhy A.
Cabanero, Jude Ryan P.
Jammang, Yusrimar D.

May 17, 2022

JIEMAR A. ARABANI, MSCRIM

Adviser

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of utilizing social

media as a platform and non-utilizing of social media platform of PNP in Ayala
Police Station 9 towards crime prevention, a comparative study. It seeks to
answer the following statement: 1. The non-utilization of social media platform
of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9 Towards Crime Prevention
in terms of: (a) crime reporting and response of Barangay Ayala; (b) crime
awareness within Barangay Ayala. 2. The effectiveness of utilization of social
media platform of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9 Towards
Crime Prevention in terms of: (a) crime reporting and response of Barangay
Ayala; (b) crime awareness with in the Barangay Ayala.

Is there a significant difference between utilizing social media platforms

and non-utilizing of social media platforms towards crime prevention? This
study will utilize a descriptive research design, specifically survey research in
determining the effectiveness of social media platforms in crime prevention
 vi

used by Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9. Descriptive statistics will be

used to determine the effectiveness of the utilization of social media platforms
and non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city
police station 9 towards crime prevention. This study used a convenient
sampling method to determine the effectiveness of social media platforms for
crime prevention of the PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9, A
convenient sampling is choosing the most readily available or most
convenient group of subjects as respondents until the required sample size
has been acquired (Cohen et al., 2007).

The researchers use this method to gather enough data that

correspond to the forty (40) Ayala residents, forty (40) Sardines Employer,
and twenty (20) Police Officers in Barangay Ayala and Ayala Police Station9
in Zamboanga City. Weighted mean was used to determine the efficacy of
utilizing social media as a platform and non-utilizing of social media platform
of PNP in Ayala Police Station 9 towards crime prevention. Descriptive
analysis was used to determine the significant difference between utilizing
social media platform and non-utilizing social media platform of PNP in Ayala
Police Station 9 towards crime prevention. The result showed that the
utilization of social media platform for crime prevention is more effective rather
than non-utilization of social media platforms in terms of Crime Report and
Response (3.78), and Crime Awareness (4.05). Moreover, the findings also
showed that there is a significant difference between utilizing social media as
a platform and non-utilizing of social media platform of PNP in Ayala Police
Station 9 towards crime prevention, a comparative study.
 vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Title Page

Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgment iii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables viii
List of Figures viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Significance of the Study 2
1.4 Scope and Delimitations of the Study 3

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature 4

2.2 Theoretical Framework 9
2.3 Conceptual Framework 10

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design 11

3.2 Locale of the Study 11
3.3 Population and Sampling Design 11
3.4 Research Instrument 12
3.5 Reliability and Validity 13
3. 6 Ethical Consideration 13
3.7 Data Gathering Procedure 13
3.8 Statical Treatment of the Data 14

CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA 15
 viii

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary 21
5.2 Conclusion 21
5.3 Recommendation 22

BIBLIOGRAPHY 23
APPENDICES 24
CURRICULUM VITAE 36

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents 1

2 The utilization of social media platforms and
non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP
in Ayala Zamboanga city police station 9
towards crime prevention in terms of crime
reporting and the response 15
3 The utilization of social media platforms and
non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP
in Ayala Zamboanga city police station 9
towards crime prevention in terms of
crime awareness 17

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. First Generation CPTED, divides into four

principles (Newman, 1972); Second Generation
CPTED (Cleveland & Saville, 1997) 9
2. Relationship within the variables in the study 10
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Social media is considered a powerful tool for information

dissemination and marketing in the 21st century. The number of media
platform users globally has gradually increased over the past years.
According to Inquirer.Net, the Philippines ranked first among 45 countries in
terms of spending the most time on social media platforms (Baclig, 2020).
There were 89million social media users in the Philippines in January 2021.
The increasing number of mobile users in the country raises an issue in terms
of the reliability and validity of the information circulating online and in the
community. A report of 57.2% of Filipinos are concerned with misinformation
and “fake news” when searching for news online (Chua, 2021).

With the pervasiveness of misleading information, this proposal is

purposely designed to establish the effect of an accessible reliable source of
information utilizing media platforms to enhance the knowledge deficit related
to protocols, policies, and guidelines that may lead to misunderstanding in the
community, resulting in different kinds of offense and violence. It also meets
the needs of Zamboanga City; the Ayala residents understand the
fundamentals and strategies in crime prevention in the community, especially
amid pandemics and lockdown. Days in lockdown were an opportunity for the
Zamboanga City, Ayala PNP to reinvent ways and learnings by utilizing online
and media. Most citizens spent more of their time during the lockdown. As the
popularity of social media rises, these tools provide opportunities for law
enforcement agencies to proactively reach out and connect with citizens and
promote crime prevention in their communities. Media image as it raises
individual or public awareness of the importance of fighting crime. The public
can obtain information about any crime from several sources. Still, the media
remains the main source for information for news, and thus a crime. Social
media platforms are increasingly being used to fight crime and pursue
 2

investigations. It offers a means for police departments to share information

with the public. It also enables the police to engage and involve their
communities in new and potentially transformative ways. In particular, the
study aims to determine the factors affecting crime prevention in utilizing
social media and its effectiveness in building resilience in communities to
narrow the crime rate specifically in Barangay Ayala, Zamboanga City.

Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the efficacy of utilizing social media as a

platform and non-utilizing of social media platform of PNP in Ayala Police
Station 9 towards crime prevention, a comparative study

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following statement:

1. The non-utilization of social media platform of PNP in Ayala

Zamboanga City Police Station 9 Towards Crime Prevention in terms
of:
a. Crime reporting and response of Barangay Ayala.
b. Crime awareness within the Barangay Ayala
2. The effectiveness of utilization of social media platform of PNP in Ayala
Zamboanga City Police Station 9 Towards Crime Prevention in terms
of:
a. Crime reporting and response of Barangay Ayala.
b. Crime awareness with in the Barangay Ayala

3. Is there a significant difference between utilizing social media platforms

and non-utilizing of social media platforms towards crime prevention?
4. What will happen to the findings of the study? Based on the findings,
what recommendation may be prepared by the PNP, Social media
users at Barangay Ayala.

Significance of Study

The purpose of this research is to enhance the knowledge deficit using

establishing a reliable media platform of the PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City
Police Station 9 that can be accessible to everyone in the community. This
 3

accessible reliable media platform reduces the rate of offenses and crimes
that are caused by false or misleading information. This proposal aims to
establish the effects of having accessible and reliable information using the
social media platform of the PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9
for community consumption. It also seeks to enhance the knowledge deficit of
the community regarding the protocols, policies, and guidelines. And lastly,
the said proposal aims to improve peace within the community using
lessening the number of offenses and violence related to protocols, policies,
and guidelines imposed by the LGUs. This study aims to benefit the following:

For the Philippine National Police,

This study will help the Police, make use of modern types of
communication or interaction within the community as well as find new ways
of enhancing their capabilities of preventing crimes.

For the Social Media User,

The users will understand the benefit of social media for their safety
measures of crime prevention and crime-related events made by PNP.

For the residence in Barangay Ayala,

This study will help the resident in Barangay Ayala develop a strong
sense of community awareness regarding crime prevention with the use of
social media as a tool.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focuses on the effects of the utilization of social media

platforms for accessible and reliable information for crime prevention and
community awareness in Zamboanga City, Ayala. This study also focuses on
the role of media image in crime prevention. More specifically, it delineates
the key functions of media image about crime-related issues in Zamboanga
City, Ayala. The Data collection will be conducted on 100 randomly selected
individuals of Zamboanga City, Ayala Year 2021-2022 who will represent the
population.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the applied research as well as other research

not included in the theoretical framework, but which has relation to the
proposed study on the problem dimension.

Related Literature

For better or worse, the Internet has become an inseparable aspect of

most people’s lives in the United States. On the downside, increased
interconnectedness has produced new types of crime, such as cyberstalking
and phishing, providing additional challenges for law enforcement, which must
stay one step ahead of today’s tech-savvy criminals. On the other hand, as
social media becomes more sophisticated and integrated, law enforcement
organizations will have unprecedented opportunities to connect with their
communities in novel ways.

A September 2010 International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)

survey revealed that 81 percent of law enforcement agencies interviewed now
use social media. However, while 62 percent report using tools such as
Facebook to aid in criminal investigations, fewer than half acknowledge using
social media for crime prevention. Many experts believe the social media
sphere holds enormous potential for law enforcement crime prevention units
and groups such as Neighborhood Watch. According to the National Crime
Prevention Council, “… [W]with law enforcement personnel being strained by
budget cuts and the struggling economy keeping us at home more often,
embracing online networks as prevention tools may help us form a deeper
connection with our neighbors and local law enforcement while helping to
prevent crime.” (IACP et. Al., 2010) The rise in popularity of social media
platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat has altered our
perceptions of crime and victimization. People’s opinions on crime were
previously assumed to be formed by what they saw or read in the media. But,
as social media becomes our primary source of news, how do these new
 5

platforms affect our perceptions of crime? New concerns about crime have
arisen as a result of social media. It is not uncommon for people to be
victimized on social media networks.

However, the news isn’t all awful. Among other things, social media
has provided new options for criminal justice agencies to solve crimes. When
it comes to its interaction with criminal justice and the law, social media, like
many other advances in communication technology, has a good, a bad, and
an ugly side. There’s no denying that social media has aided some criminal
justice organizations. For the police, social media has provided them with
unparalleled public access, and vice versa. Police and the public can
communicate about occurrences and events in real-time using Facebook and
Twitter. Not only in times of crisis but also daily and at the local level, this has
proven essential.

In police investigations, social media has also become a significant

instrument. The posting of CCTV footage of Melbourne lady Jill Meagher’s
final moments on Facebook and YouTube, for example, aided in the
apprehending of her killer.

Furthermore, the “broadcasting” of criminal trials on social media has

increased the transparency of criminal proceedings. However, while live-
tweeting is a step toward open justice, there are still issues with the practice.

For those working in the criminal justice system, social media trials have
become increasingly troubling. Through behaviors such as releasing images
of the accused before an indictment, the formation of hate organizations, or
jurors sharing their thoughts about a case online, activity on Facebook and
Twitter can represent a threat to prosecutions and the right to a fair trial.

Victoria Police utilized its Facebook page to educate the public about
the implications of such breaches in the Meagher case. In addition, a
magistrate enforced a social media site gag, suppressing material that could
jeopardize the trial. As happened after the Kardashian heist, social media can
also be used as a vehicle for victim-blaming. Some Facebook and Twitter
users claimed she got “what she deserved” and that “maybe she will cover
herself up now” after the incident.
 6

In addition, social media can be used as a weapon to expose the

friends and family of crime victims to secondary victimization. (Alyce
McGovern et. Al., October 17, 2016) Websites and online technologies that
“enable interactions between users to share information, ideas, and interests”
are referred to as social media (Khan, 2012; Khan, Swar, & Lee, 2014). With
the rise of social media, new analytics tools and scientific approaches have
emerged, such as real-time mining and analysis of massive amounts of user
data (Chew &Eysenbach, 2010). Social media has also shown promise as a
novel method for monitoring the public and forecasting events (Asur &
Huberman et. Al., 2010) This surveillance approach might be used to track the
rate of crime, and additional resources could be allocated to outbreak areas.

Twitter is a microblogging platform that allows users to send short

messages called “tweets” to the public or a small group of followers. It is one
of the most popular social media sites. As of 2017, tweets can be up to 280
characters long; however, the restriction was 140 characters at the time of our
research (Isaac, 2017). As of 2017, Twitter had 328 million monthly active
users throughout the world (“Number of Monthly Active Twitter Users
Worldwide From 1st Quarter 2010 to 4th Quarter 2017 (in Millions); Olanoff,
2015). The number of Twitter users is rising among urban, youthful, African
American, or Hispanic populations, which are the demographics with the
highest crime rates (Lenhart, & Zickuhr et. Al., 2010). This shows that Twitter
could be a useful data source for tracking crime rates. In the literature, there
has been evidence of a link between younger age groups and crime
(Farrington et. Al, 1986).

The use of social media services like Twitter is rapidly increasing, and
research has already shown that data from these technologies can be used in
novel ways to monitor public health (Asur & Huberman et. Al., 2010)

In a speech at the Police Regional Office 5 headquarters in Albay on

Wednesday, PNP deputy commander for operations, Lt. Gen. Guillermo
Eleazar, emphasized the importance of police officers using social media in
monitoring peace and order circumstances in their districts (Feb. 12, 2020).
 7

Eleazar added that in some situations, social media posts could be useful in
apprehending criminal suspects.

A top police official said Wednesday that police personnel should use
social media to monitor peace and order conditions in their localities.
According to Lt. Gen. Guillermo Eleazar, the Philippine National Police’s
(PNP) deputy head for operations, social media has been effective in crime
prevention efforts because netizens are increasingly providing information on
crimes and other situations that could lead to offenders being apprehended.

“With the advent of new technology, the Filipino people whom we vow to
serve and protect are now more active in all social media platforms, so I
encourage you to adopt by being social media activity as well,” Eleazar said
during a visit to the Police Regional Office 5 (Bicol) in Legazpi City, Albay, in a
speech that was forwarded to reporters. He also urged cops to adapt to
changing times to provide efficient policing, emphasizing that this is “one of
the essences of policing.” The leadership of the PNP stands ready to assist
you in developing and implementing any innovative policing programs. So, to
keep our goal of being one step ahead of all criminal elements, think beyond
the box,” he stated.

The development of Facebook pages and Twitter accounts at the

station level is one of the initiatives now being adopted. Eleazar claims that
the PNP’s social media profiles are also successful in reaching out to
communities to get their support and cooperation in peace and order actions.
“We invite you to do so,” Eleazar stated, “and we hope to hear from you with
your best and brightest ideas for successful law enforcement.”

Eleazar, a former head of the Philippine National Police’s Anti-Cybercrime

Group (ACG), noted that, based on his observations, netizens like to submit
their grievances and other peace and order-related issues on social media.
He claimed that social media posts led to the arrest of suspects in crimes
ranging from basic road rage to high-profile cases in certain situations.

As a result, he claims, police officers may now immediately obtain

information from the public via social media, particularly those that are going
viral. Eleazar believes that the police should take advantage of this trend
 8

because successful crime prevention and crime solutions require the use of
all available technology.

“Since they spend more time on social media and use it as a tool of
information-sharing for illegal deeds and activities, let us reach out to them by
increasing police presence on social media,” he said. “It is therefore
unavoidable for us in the PNP to include social media in the planning and
implementation of crime prevention and peace and order-related measures.”
Eleazar, who previously led the National Capital Region Police Office
(NCRPO), has previously ordered police commanders to use social media to
track crimes and abuses perpetrated by his officers. Commanders should also
avoid the misconception that social media is solely for millennials or young
people, according to him. Eleazar, for example, said he sends material he
receives or reads through social media apps to responsible unit commanders
for verification and action. (PNA) (Christopher Lloyd Caliwan et. al. ,2020)

The Criminal Investigation and Detection Group and the Anti-

Cybercrime Group of the Philippine National Police work jointly to protect
netizens. Project E-Sumbong provided online venues, particularly on social
media, where netizens may register complaints and request police help in
catching cybercriminals. Project E-Access alerts internet users to online
accounts or mobile phone numbers that have been exploited in cybercrime,
especially financial fraud. The site also has an up-to-date list of cyber
criminals operating in the United States and around the world. 52 people have
been charged with distributing fake news and unsubstantiated material on
COVID-19 on social media between March 9, 2020, and August 9, 2021.

Media has continued to play a creative part in keeping societies strong

all around the world. It is regarded as a defender of peace and order, in
addition to presenting current news from other sources. The role of the media
is not limited to that; it is also recognized for its creative contribution to the
formation of a civic society.

For generations, crime has plagued civic society. The introduction of the
media in this regard can be viewed as a blow to criminal gangs and
syndicates. In many cases, the media has been successful in reaching areas
 9

where police and other crime-fighting agencies have failed. Thousands of

such cases have been found and solved thanks to the efforts and
contributions of the media. The media is also credited with playing a key part
in the collective struggle against terrorism and other ills regarded as the most
serious threats to civic society.

Theoretical Framework

Defensible Space Theory/ Crime Prevention through Environmental design

(CPTED)

Figure 1

First Generation CPTED, divides into four principles (Newman, 1972);

Second Generation CPTED (Cleveland & Saville, 1997)

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a multi-

disciplinary strategy for reducing crime and fear of crime. Victimization is
reduced, offender decisions that precede criminal acts are deterred, and
residents develop a feeling of community so that they can establish territorial
control over places and limit crime opportunities.

With this theory, our researchers aim to provide awareness and crime
prevention through the use of social media platforms that could establish a
stronghold of connection between the enforcer and its community.
 10

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual paradigm presents the primary concept of the present

study. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Social Media
Platform in Crime Prevention of the PNP in Ayala Police Station 9 in Barangay
Ayala, Zamboanga City.

Social Media Platform Crime Prevention

Independent Variable Dependent

Variable

Figure 2

Relationship within the variables in the study

Figure 2 shows that the independent variable is the Social Media

Platform and the dependent variable is the Crime Prevention of the PNP in
Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9.
11
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the Research Design, Research Locale, the

Population and Sampling, the Data Gathering procedure, and the Statistical
Treatment used in the analysis of this study.

Research Design

This study will utilize a descriptive research design, specifically survey

research in determining the effectiveness of social media platforms in crime
prevention used by Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9. Descriptive
statistics will be used to determine the effectiveness of the utilization of social
media platforms and non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP in Ayala
Zamboanga city police station 9 towards crime prevention.

Locale of the Study

This research study will be conducted in Barangay Ayala, located in

Zamboanga City, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. The data will be gathered
from the chosen residents of Barangay Ayala, Sardines Employer, and Police
Officers of Ayala Police Station 9. The researchers of this study chose this
Barangay Police Station as it has an active social media page; a Facebook
page that consistently reports timely and relevant events. The respondents
for the online survey will be the residents of Barangay Ayala, specifically
those who have access to Facebook and other online media platforms.

Population and Sampling Design

This study used a convenient sampling method to determine the

effectiveness of social media platforms for crime prevention of the PNP in
Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9, A convenient sampling is choosing
the most readily available or most convenient group of subjects as
respondents until the required sample size has been acquired (Cohen et al.,
2007). The researchers use this method to gather enough data that
 12

correspond to the forty (40) Ayala residents, forty (40) Sardines Employer,
and twenty (20) Police Officers in Barangay Ayala and Ayala Police Station9
in Zamboanga City.

Table 1: Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Profile f %
Citizen Police Officer 20 20%
Ayala Resident 40 40%
Sardines 40 40%
Employee
TOTAL 100 100.00%
Age Below 20 25 25%
21-25 30 30%
26-35 30 30%
36-45 15 15%
TOTAL 100 100.00%
Gender Male 60 60%
Female 40 40%
TOTAL 100 100.00%

Research Instrument

The researchers will utilize a Scale Questionnaire which consisted of

ten (10) statements describing the effectiveness of utilizing social media and
non-utilizing social media platforms towards crime prevention of the PNP in
Ayala Zamboanga City Police station 9, which determines the efficiency of
utilizing social media and non-utilizing social media platforms towards crime
prevention of the PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City Police station 9 in a Survey
Questionnaire.

The survey checklist will be composed of three (2) parts. The first part
contained the background information or demographic profile of the
respondents, followed by the effectiveness of utilizing social media and non-
utilizing social media platforms toward crime prevention scale questionnaire,
 13

which has five (5) possible answers: (1) SA – Strongly Agree, (2) A – Agree,
(3) N – Neutral, (4) DSA – Strongly Disagree, and (5) D – Disagree,
respectively.

Reliability and Validity

The validity of the research instrument or questionnaire will be sent to

at least three research experts from the Western Mindanao State University,
College of Criminology to be checked and tested. These experts’ suggestions
and comments about formatting and other typographical errors and/or issues
regarding the tool to be used will be noted.

The researchers also solicited the expertise of the panel of experts to

validate the questionnaires by giving them a copy to be evaluated. Once
validated, the questionnaires were ready for distribution.

Ethical Considerations

Before conducting the survey, respondents were given a consent form

to justify their willingness in participating in the study. The researchers also
assure the respondents that their data will be kept with the utmost
confidentiality and will be strictly used for research purposes only.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before conducting the study, a letter of permission was given to the

Barangay Chairman of Ayala District of Zamboanga City or to Ayala Police
Station 9 for approval.

Upon approval, a hundred (100) randomly selected respondents were

chosen within that area of Barangay Ayala.

The mode of data collection was through an online platform and the
actual distribution of survey questions was done by either sending Google
application forms or filling up a survey to the random respondents of
Barangay Ayala and used to gather the information needed by this study,
informed consent and a cover letter which entailed the purpose of the
questionnaire.
 14

After data collection, the gathered data was subjected to statistical

analysis. After the analysis, the results were interpreted, which provided
answers to the objectives of the study, and conclusions were drawn based on
the results of the study.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The researchers employ the use of the following statistical tools for the
analysis of the data collected:

To determine the effectiveness of utilization of social media platforms

and non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city
police station 9 towards crime prevention in terms of crime reporting and the
response, and crime awareness within barangay Ayala, a weighted mean was
used.

To determine the significant difference between utilizing social media

platforms and non-utilizing of social media platforms of PNP Ayala Police
Station 9 in terms of crime report and response, and crime awareness within
barangay Ayala, a central tendency was used.
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, analysis, interpretation, and

discussion of the data collected using the researcher-made questionnaire
using survey forms as a medium. The presentation follows the order of the
problems stated in the first chapter.

Result

Problem 1 and 2: The effectiveness of utilization of social media platforms and

non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city
police station 9 towards crime prevention in terms of crime reporting and the
response, and crime awareness within barangay Ayala.

Table 2
The utilization of social media platforms and non-utilization of social
media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city police station 9
towards crime prevention in terms of crime reporting and the response

Frequency
Strong Agre Neutr Disagre Strongl Mean Verbal
Crime Reports ly e (4) al (3) e (2) y Avera Interpret
and Agree Disagre ge ation
Responses (5) e (1)
It is
convenient to
report Crime
through the
PNP of Ayala
22 58 12 8 0 3.94 Agree
Station 9
Social Media
Platform.
 16

The Social
Media
Platform of
the PNP Ayala
Station 9 is
reliable in
21 60 18 0 0 3.99 Agree
handling
Crime reports.
Crime
Reporting is
much easier
to carry off
through the
use of Social
Media of the
PNP Ayala
11 56 33 0 0 3.78 Agree
Station 9
Police
Response is
faster when
dealing with
crime reports
through their
14 41 33 12 0 3.57 Agree
social media.
There is a
significant
effect in using
social media
as a crime
13 49 27 11 0 3.64 Agree
prevention
tool.

Overall Mean 3.78 Agree

 17

Table 2 shows the utilization of social media platforms and non-

utilization of social media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city police
station 9 towards crime prevention in terms of crime reporting and the
response of barangay Ayala.
The table shows that the respondent agree that it is convenient to
report crime through the PNP of Ayala station 9 social media platform (3.94);
the social media platform of the PNP Ayala station 9 is reliable in handling
Crime reports (3.99); crime reporting is much easier to carry off through the
use of social media of the PNP Ayala station 9 (3.78); police response is
faster when dealing with crime reports through their social media (3.57), and
there is a significant effect in using social media as a crime prevention tool
(3.64)
This means that majority of the respondents agree with the utilization of
the social media platform rather than the non-utilization of the social media
platform of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City police station 9 toward crime
prevention in terms of crime reporting and response as shown in the average
mean with an overall mean of (3.78)
According to Denef, Bayerl, and Kapstein (2013) posit that social
media can be beneficial to the Police because they can be used to support
their primary functions involving criminal investigations and prevention, and
they can also offer a faster and more direct mode of communication between
the police and the public.
 18

Table 3
The utilization of social media platforms and non-utilization of social
media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city police station 9
towards crime prevention in terms of crime awareness

Frequency
Strongl Agree Neutra Disagre Strongl Mean Verbal
y (4) l (3) e (2) y Averag Interpret
Crime Agree Disagre e ation
Awareness (5) e (1)
PNP of Ayala
Police Station
9 is more
effective in
preventing
Strongly
crime by using
34 58 8 0 0 4.26 Agree
their social
media
platforms.
There is Crime
Awareness in
Barangay
Ayala through
the help of the
Social Media
Pages of the
30 56 12 2 0 4.14 Agree
PNP of Ayala
Station 9.
There is a
significant
difference in
crime
awareness in
 19

Barangay
Ayala since the
use of the
Social Media Strongly
34 62 4 0 0 4.30 Agree
Platform by the
PNP Ayala
Station 9.
There are
fewer crimes
committed in
Barangay
Ayala since the
use of social
media
platforms by
6 47 38 9 0 3.50 Agree
the PNP Ayala
Station 9.
There is less
misinformation
through the
help of the
Social Media
Platform of the
19 66 15 0 0 4.04 Agree
PNP Ayala
Station 9.

Overall Mean 4.05 Agree

Table 3 shows the utilization of social media platforms and non-

utilization of social media platforms of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city police
station 9 towards crime prevention in terms of crime awareness within
barangay Ayala.
 20

The table shows that the respondent strongly agree of the PNP of
Ayala Police Station 9 is more effective in preventing crime by using their
social media platforms (4.26), and there is a significant difference in crime
awareness in barangay Ayala since the use of the social media platform by
the PNP Ayala station 9 (4.30); and agree that there is crime awareness in
barangay Ayala through the help of the social media pages of the PNP of
Ayala station 9 (4.14); There are fewer crimes committed in Barangay Ayala
since the use of social media platforms by the PNP Ayala Station 9 (3.50);
There is less misinformation through the help of the Social Media Platform of
the PNP Ayala Station 9 (4.04).

This means that the majority of the respondents agree with the
utilization of the social media platform rather than the non-utilization of the
social media platform of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City police station 9 toward
crime prevention in terms of crime awareness as shown in the average mean
with an overall mean of (4.05)

According to LexisNexis Risk Solutions (2014) cautioned that due to

the networked nature of social media, any information released by the police
through social media can be quickly reshaped or put to new uses by anyone
participating in the adopted network. In addition, Finlayson and Kelly (2015)
said that Australian police organizations are increasingly using social media to
meet their community policing objectives and supplement existing traditional
programs such as Neighborhood Watch.

Problem 3. Is there a significant difference between utilizing social media

platforms and non-utilizing of social media platforms for crime prevention?

There is a significant difference between the utilization social media

platforms for crime prevention as shown in the previous tables in terms of
crime reports and responses stated that have an overall mean of (3.78) which
agree that it is effective. Also, in terms of crime awareness which has an
overall mean of (4.05) shows agree that it is effective to used social media
platforms for crime prevention.
21
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations formulated based on the findings presented in the fourth
chapter. This study is focused on revealing the effectiveness of the utilization
of social media platforms and the non-utilization of social media platforms of
PNP in Ayala Zamboanga city police station 9 towards crime prevention as
well as their significant relationship.

Summary of Findings

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of utilization

of social media platforms and non-utilization of social media platforms of PNP
in Ayala Zamboanga city police station 9 towards crime prevention. The total
population of the respondent was 100, the 20 PNP respondents, 40 residence
(local) respondents, and 40 sardines’ employees.

In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the convenient sampling

method was used in gathering data, and checklists/questionnaires were
administered to collect data as well. The PNP, the resident of barangay Ayala,
and the sardine’s employee were randomly selected. A convenient sampling
is choosing the most readily available or most convenient group of subjects as
respondents until the required sample size has been acquired (Cohen et al.,
2007). The Data collection was conducted on 100 randomly selected
individuals of Zamboanga City, Ayala Year 2021-2022 who will represent the
population.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were

drawn.

1. The utilization of the social media platform of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga

City Police Station 9 has shown a positive result in terms of crime reports
and responses which has (3.78) that shows agree that it is effective for
 22

crime prevention. Therefore, that the utilization of social media is more

effective in crime prevention rather than the non-utilization of social media
platform.

2. The utilization of social media platform of PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City

Police Station 9 shown a positive result in terms of crime awareness which
has (4.05) that shows agree that it is effective for crime prevention.
Therefore, that the utilization of social media is more effective in crime
prevention rather than the non-utilization of social media platform.

3. There is a significant difference between utilizing social media platforms

and non-utilizing of social media platforms towards crime prevention.

Recommendations

Based on the results of the study, the researchers would like to make
the following recommendations:

1. For the Philippine National Police

a. Conduct a seminar to facilitate the important features of social
media applications and websites.
b. Conduct special training about the function of social media platform
and how it works.
c. 24hrs monitor surveillance of their active social media platform.

2. For the Social Media Users

a. Be actively participate in the social media platform of the PNP or
other agency concerning the safety of people and property.
b. Avoid any false alarm to the official page of the social media
platform of PNP or other agencies.
c. Always give an accurate and concise report to any social media
platform of PNP to ensure a fast response.
 23

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Caliwan, C. L. (2020, February 14). Philippines News Agency. Retrieved

December 13, 2021, from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1093722

Kim, K., Oglesby-Neal, A., & Mohr, E. (2017, february). URBAN INSTITUTE.
Retrieved March 20, 2022, from ww.urban.org:
https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/88661/2016-law-
enforcement-use-of-social-media-survey_5.pdf

NATIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH. (n.d.). NATIONAL

NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH A Division of the National Sheriffs' Association.
Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.nnw.org/publication/social-
media-and-crime-prevention
 24

APPENDICES
 25

APPENDIX A – Letters to the Validators

26
27
28
29
 30

APPENDIX B: Survey Questionnaire

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Criminal Justice Education
NORMAL RD, Zamboanga City 7000
Tel No. 991-1771, 991-1040

Survey Questionnaire
Name (Optional): _____________________ Occupation: __________________
Social Media /Account: Facebook Tiktok Twitter Instagram
Gender: __________ Age: ______
5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Neutral, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree

STATEMENT 5 4 3 2 1
1. PNP of Ayala Police Station 9 is more
effective in preventing crime by using their
social media platforms.
2. There is a Crime Awareness in Barangay
Ayala through the help of the Social Media
Pages of the PNP of Ayala Station 9.
3. There is a significant difference in crime
awareness in Barangay Ayala since the use
of Social Media Platform by the PNP Ayala
Station 9.
4. It is convenient to report Crime through
the PNP of Ayala Station 9 Social Media
Platform.
5. Social Media Platform of the PNP Ayala
Station 9 is reliable in handling Crime
reports.
6. Crime Reporting is much easier to carry
off through the use of Social Media of the
PNP Ayala Station 9
7. Police Response is faster when dealing
crime reports through their social media.
8. There are less crime committed in
Barangay Ayala since the use social media
platforms by the PNP Ayala Station 9.
9. There is less misinformation through the
help of the Social Media Platform of the PNP
Ayala Station 9.
10. There is a significant effect in using
social media as a crime prevention tool.
 31

APPENDIX C– Ethics Certificate

 32

APPENDIX D- Letter Request or Permission

 33

APPENDIX E- Certificate of Attendance

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
ZAMBOANGA CITY POLICE STATION 9
ZAMBOANGA CITY, 7000

This

CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDANCE
is given to

JUDE RYAN P. CABAÑERO

Principal Investigator
In acknowledgment that the researcher/s and student of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology of the College of Criminal
Justice Education, Western Mindanao State University conducted
the research study entitled “Effectiveness on Utilization of Social
Media Platform and Non-Utilization of Social Media Platform of
PNP in Ayala Zamboanga City Police Station 9 Towards Crime
Prevention: A Comparative Study” involving the PNP Personnel of
Ayala Police Station 9 of Barangay Ayala, Zamboanga City last
May 2022.

Given this 8th day of June 2022 at Ayala Police Station 9 of

Barangay Ayala, Zamboanga City, Philippines.

PMaj. Yashier A. Sarikin

_____________________________________________
Station Commander
 34

APPENDIX D – Consent Form Participants

 35

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Santhy A. Belarmino

Nickname: Santhy
Address: Km.6 Arquiza Drive, Mampang, Zamboanga City
Age: 21
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: April 23, 2000
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Arnold G. Belarmino
Occupation: Police Officer
Mother’s Name: N/A
Occupation: N/A

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Talon-Talon Elementary School

Secondary: Talon-Talon National High School
Western Mindanao State University – SHS Sports Strand
Tertiary: Western Mindanao State University
Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
 36

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Jude Ryan P. Cabañero

Nickname: Jude/Bai
Address: Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay
Age: 22
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: February 17, 2000
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Rufino C. Cabañero
Occupation: Labor
Mother’s Name: Judelyn P. Cabañero
Occupation: Government Employee

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Kabasalan Central Elementary School
Secondary: Kabasalan Science and Technology High School- STEM
Tertiary: Western Mindanao State University
Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
 37

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Yusrimar D. Jammang

Nickname: Abang
Address: Zone 5, Tulungatung, Zamboanga City
Age: 22
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: June 18, 1999
Religion: Islam
Father’s Name: Ajaral L. Jammang
Occupation: Driver
Mother’s Name: Sherwina D. Jammang
Occupation: Housewife

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Don Gregorio Evangelista Memorial School

Secondary: Zamboanga City High School Main
STI (SHS) – Accounting Business Management
Tertiary: Western Mindanao State University
Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology