TIENG ANH - NHOUNG DIEU CAN BAN Baia: TU L DANH TU (NOUN) TY Dank fain duge 1.1 Hin thite 66 it: a/an +N a" ditng trude N 36 ft bit ddu bing mot phy am. book, a pen, ... = an” ding trvac N s6 ft bat dau bang mot nguyén am. Ex: an apple, an orange, an egg, an island, 1.2 Hinh thitc s6 nhibu: 1.2.1 Hgp quy thc: N s/es Ex: books, pens, boxes 1.22 Bat quy the: $6 it ~> $6 nhidu ‘aman—men ‘a woman—>women ‘a datum — data “a foot—> feet “a tooth —>teeth “a mouse—> mice *a phenomenon—> phenomena “a child children *abacterium—>bacteria ta goose —>geese ‘a curriculum—>curricula ‘a person» people “a criterion criteria *a louse—lice 1.2.3 Danh ti ludn c6 hinh thife va mang nghia sé nhidu: clothes, scissors, spectaclés, shorts, pants, jeans, trousers, pyjamas, binoculars, belongings, 1.24 Dank ti 56 it va s6'nhibu c6 hinh thet giding nhau: sheep, deer, aircfaftcraft, fish, ... 1.25 Danh ti a 86 nhibu: police, cattle, people, ..(xei, 1.26 Dank news, mathem 2) Danh tir khong’ dé, im due teye tip (rn ‘sugar, butter, salt, bread, luggage, healthknowledge, equi ~ Khong diing véi a/an/one/two... = C6 thé di vdi tix chi don vi dinh lugng + of: @ bottle of milk, two litters of water, a loaf of bread, three sheets of paper,four pieces of chalk, a bar of chocolate, a gallon of petrol, ... 3) Dank tit vita dém duge vita khong dém duige: Mot sO danh tit trong truting hop nay la dém duige hung trong truting hyp khéc lai khng dém duge, én dutge—> Khong dém duge *a glass (mot ci li) glass (thuiy tinh) “two papers (2 td bio) paper (gidy) “three coffees (ba téch ci phé) —> coffee (ca phe) shwo sugars (2 muéng duong) —>sugar (dung) TINH TU (ADJECTIVE) f) Vi tr cia tinh ti: 6.1 Truée dank tt: Ex: She is a beautiful girl. 62 Sau dank tit: a) Chi sit do luting, tuéi tac: Nq Ex: This table is two meters long, He's twenty years old, b) Tinh tir c6 tip dau nga “a”: asleep (dang ng), ablaze (bing chéy), afloat (néi), alight (biing séng), awake (thitc), alive (con sOng), alike (gi6ng nhaw), ... Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor. ©) Tinh ter bé ngat cho tiie tit Ex: We should keep our room clean. 63 Sau Linking verbs: be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, tum, appear Ex: It becomes hot today. 64 Sau dai tt bit dinh: something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything, everyone/body, nothing, no one, nobody Ex: Do you have anything impor 65 Sau trang tt: Ex: Your story is very 3) Trat ty cila cée LY kién nice, g pt6 tell me? ‘hinoi chén Vietnamese, English, French 4) Tinh tit dang nhue dank tu: (xem them Bai 3, 11,5) THE + ADJ --> NOUN the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the strong, the weak, the hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled, 3 ENCE ge ate aged ‘The rich should help the poor. 5 Ptantt dang nhie tinh tit Tinh ttn edng bing -ING —>-ED “amazing > amazed Yamusing amused “boring —>bored *confusing confused “depressing depressed ‘deserving > deserved ‘exciting excited “frightening —> frightened “disappointing —> disappointed “tiring tired “distinguishing distinguished “pleasing — pleased “encouraging—> encouraged “relaxing —> relaxed “interesting —interested “satisfying —> satistied “shocking — shocked “surprising surprised 1.1 inh: thie hign-tai-phn-tte-CING): Di&n-ta-nhinr thifc cia ngudi noi v8 ngudi/viee gi dé. Ex; That film is interesting. (BQ phim 46 hay.) (Nguoi xem nhan thay bd phim hay.) ° He is boring. He always talks about the same things.(Hin ta chén that, Hn Iudn ban vé nhiing tht gidng mhau.) (Ngudi nghe nhan thay hén ta chén.) 1.2 Hin thife qué Khuf phan ttt (ed): Din ta cd gide ‘cia ngudi n6i do ngubi/viee gi dé dem lai. T am.confused about the question. (T6i bi béi r6i ve cfu hai.) (Cu hdi lam t6i B63 16.) I}, TRANG TU (ADVERB) Phan loai trang ti 1.1 Trang tit chi thé céch: = Cho ta biét mot hanh dong duige the hign nhut thé nao é trd Idi cho cau hdi HOW? = Céch thanh lap: ADJ + LY (mot efch ...) “angrily gin gid "anxiously lo lng *brightly tui sing “badly dé, t@ “carefully cfin than ‘colorfully sic 63 “easily d8 dang * fluently tr6i chay “happily hanh phiic “heavily nang né “loudly Ami, inh di *nervously héi hop “peacefully hod binh *quickly nhanh nhen “quietly yén tinh ‘rapidly nhanh chong “safely an toin ‘sensibly hyp ly “slowly chm chap “stupidly ngu ng6c "warmly &m 4p + LUU ¥: - fast (nhanh), early (66m), late (tr8), hard (cham chi) vita la tinh t vita 18 trang ti. ‘Tinh ti Jack is a very fast He hasn't been to the cinema latel (Gan day anh ta khong di xem phith. “hard (chim chi) - hardly (hdu nhut khong) Tve worked very hard. (TOI lam vige rit cha She's hardly got any money left, (Co dy hu nhu khong con tién.) + MQt sO tinh tiy tin cing -ly: lovely (d8 thuong), lively (sng dong), ugly (xu x), silly (ngé ngiin). Nhang tit nay Khong phai la trang ti nén ta ding “in a..way/manner” thay cho trang tt. Ex She spoke to me in a friendly way /manner. (Cé ta n6i chuyén véi t6i mot céch than thin.) 1.2 Trang tit chi thdi gian: Cho biét sy vige xdy ra hic nao 8 trd Ii cho ciu hdi WHEN: now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already,immediately, just, soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, 2 months later/after, ... Ex: I'm leaving for Hanoi tomorrow. 1.3 Trang tit chi noi chéin:Cho biet sy vite xdy ra d-dau é tra Ii cho cdu hdi WHERE:here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere,in Paris, at the supermarket, ... Ex: Tom is standing there. 14 Trang tix chi sy thug xuyén: Cho biét hanh dong xy ra thudng xuyén nhu thé nao d8 trd loi cho cu hdi HOW, OFTEN: often, never, rarely, daily, always, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, seldom, once/twice a week, every day, weekly, monthly, ... Ex: [often get up at 5 in the morning. 15 Trang tit chi mife 46: Cho biét hinh dong, tinh chét cla sif vide din ra dén mite nao: very, t00,.80, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely, really, pretty, fairly, entirely, hardly,” scarcely, somewhat, enough,.. Exc I come here quite often. 2) Vi trf iia trang tit: 2.1 Diu ctu: Ex: Where are you going? 2.2 Gita cau: 22:1 Trude dong tix thuding: Bx: Our tea Sn>Milc 40>Thé cich>Thudng xuyén>Thdi gian falked to the church very slowly twice last Sunday. Cini y: Trat ty trén c6 thé thay 46i tuy vao muc dich ‘imanh cla nguti n6i/vist. 4) Chite nang ed bin cia trang tt: BS nghla cho Vi dy IN] Bone By Abby decoy bebatltaty-} 2) Tinh tit She is very lovely. 3) Trang ti hdc: He studied extremely hard. 4) CA cu: Fortunately, he wasn’t injured in that accident. + Phin in dam, gach du6i b6 nghta cho phan in nghiéng. GIGI Tif (PREPOSION) 1) Phan loai gigi ta: 1.1 Gi6i tit chi noi chon: IN, ON, AT a) IN (trong): duge ding - Chi mgt ngui hoje vat 8 trong mot noi ndo 46. in a box/room/sky /water/‘park/bag/book/river/pool/ kitchen /cinema /restaurant /lesson/newspaper /world/ picture/pocket/searow/ queue garden/ line building/. Ex: My mother is cooking in the kitchen. = Vi phuong tign xe hoi, taxi hoc duding phé. in a car/taxi, in/on the street Exc Peter arrived at the party in a taxi ‘They live in Hung Vuong Street.= V6i danh tit khong c6 mao hr dé dién t& mot ngudi dang 6 tai dé. in bed / in hospital / in prison Ex: Tom hasn't got up yet. He's still in bed, ___ - Trude c&c dt nude, thanh phé, phuiong hudng. in France /China /Paris /the east /west /south /north Ex: Ho Chi Minh City is in the south of Vietnam. ~ Bé tao thanh cum tit chi noi chdn. in the front/back of (a car/room/theater ...), in the middle of (the room ... [Exc I was in the back of the car when the accident happened. ‘There’s a computer in the middle of the room. b) ON (tren): duige dang = Chi vj te bén trén va tigp xtic véi b8 mat cla mot vat {gi 46. on the door/ floor / wall / ceiling / river / beach / coast /on a page, on/in the street, .. Ex: I sat on the beach. ‘The picture you're looking for is on page 7. - Voi phutong tign di lai cong cong hoge cf nhan on a bus/train/ship /plane/bycicle/motorbike /horse Ex: There were too many people on the bus. ‘Mary passed me on her bycicle. ~ Dé tao thinh cum ti chi noi chén. on the right /left, on horseback, on the way to (school .)/on the back/front of (the envelope/paper ...)/on top of (the war on/at the c woe din ti mat hoe sf nha; at the party / meeting / desk ... at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street Be: Someone is standing at the door. She lives at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street. - Bé tgo thanh cum tit chi noi chdn, at home / school / college / university / work at the top/bottom of (the page ...) at the end of (the street ...) at the front/back of (the line ...) at/on the comer of the street Ex: Peter's house is at the end of the street. The garden is at the back of the building. 1.2 Gidi ta chi thai gian: IN, ON, AT a) IN: duige ding - Bé chi budi trong ngay néi chung, thang, nam, ma, thap nign, thé ky,thien nién ky. in the moming / afternoon / evening, in February, in 1999, in (the) spring / summer / autumn / winter in the 1990s, in the 21st century, in the 3rd millennium = Trong mot si cum tit 48 chi mot khoang thoi gian trong tung lai. in a few minutes, in an hour, in a day/week/month Ex: Daisy has gone away. She'll be back in a week. (Daisy da di khdi. Co Ay s& tr’ v8 trong mét tun.) - Trong cum tit in the end véi nghia cuéi cing (finally, at last), in time véi nghia kip hic. Ex: Peter got very angry. In the end, he walked out of, the room. (Peter rat gin. Cui cing, né ra khdi phdng,) Will you be home in time for dinner? Ban sé vé nha kip gid an t6i2) * Chai y: on time (ding gid) b) ON: duige dang - Dé chi thit trong tun, ngay trong thang. on Monday, on 5th March, on this/that day Ex: I was bor on 27th June, 1983. = Bé chi budi trong ngay cu thé hose mot ngay cu thé; on Friday morning / New Year's Day’/ my birthday Ex: See you on Friday mor ©) AT: duge dang - BS chi thei gian, sF'sunset / dawn / noon / twilight rreakfast /lunch /dinner /supper. clock every morning. dip 18 hoi, mot thai khdc nao 46. fend, at Christmas / Easter/ at present! foment / the same time / this (that) time . Brown is busy at the moment. Dé tao thanh cdc cum gidi tit Jat the end/beginning of, at the age of, at first/last Ex: He came to live in London at the age of 25. * LUU ¥: khong ding IN, ON, AT trudc all/everylthis next/last month/year, tomorrow, yesterday, today. Ex: He has worked hard all morning, (iq all morning) Thope to see you next Friday. ( az * Céc gidi tit chi thdi gian Khéc: EBON IRON = BETWEEN ... AND) Ex: Every morning he mae tennis from 6 to 7. (Every morning he plays tennis between 6 and 7.) SINCE (tit khi - m&c thoi gian) Ex: I've been waiting for her since Spm. FOR (khodng) Ex: He has lived in Paris for three months. DURING (trong sudt) Ex: You have to be quiet during the performance. UNTIL/TILL (cho téi khi) Ex: She'll be here until Thursday. BY (vo khodng - true hod dén mot tdi ditim ndo 46) Ex: You must be home by 9. BEFORE (trutéc hic) / AFTER (sau khi) Ex: Come and see me before / after lunch. 2) Gigi te theo sau tinh tt: 1.1 Adj + TO “acceptable: ¢6 thé chp nhan accustomed: quen‘agreeable: cé thé déng y “applicable! c6 thé ting dung “appropriate: thich hop “contrary: tréi v6i “dedicated: hign dang “essential: cin thiét “friendly (to/with): thin thign “generous: hio phéng “harmful: ¢6 hai “important: quan trong "kind: ti t& “known: duige biét dén “lucky: may min “Tikely: 06 kd ning/c6 thé thich hop “loyal=true: trung thanh *married: két hon ‘open: md ‘pleasant: vui_ ‘pleasing: lam vui long ‘polite: ich sit ‘preferable: thich hon *related: lien quan *rude: thé 15 ‘similar: giéng “strange: xa la ‘subject: d& bi, Kho trnh 1.2 Adj + OF ‘afraid: sg ‘aware: ¥ thife “boastful: khoe khoang “capable: 6 kha ning ‘certain: chéc chén careful(of/with/about): cn than ‘careless: bat efn “confident tin “desirous: Khao khét “fond: thich “full: ddy “forgetful: quén “glad: vui ming “innocent: vO thi ‘jealous: ghen ti ‘proud: ty hao ‘worthy: xing ding ‘*sure(offabout): chac chén “tolerant: khoan dung “thoughtful: chu dio, an cin (>< sthoughtless ) 13 Adj+FOR anxious(forlabout; lo au appropriate: thich hop available: cé thé ding duige difficult: khé ‘eager: hio hifc, him famous: néi tigng grateful (for sth); necessary: cin lay Jam thuong hai thich hgp useful: ¢6 Igi 14 Adj+AT amazed(at/by): ngge nhitn angry gin gid annoyed(at/by): bye minh thong minh excellent: xudt sfc good (at sth) hopeless: vo vong present: cé mit quick nhanh skilful: 66 nang khiéu 15 Adj + WITH acquainted: quen annoyed: gin bored/fed up: chén covered: bao phil crowded: dong disappointed: that vong pleased: hai long popular: néi ting satisfied: thoi man 16 Adj +N honest: luong thin interested: thich thit Proficient (at/in): thanh thgo rich: gidu successful: thanh cong weak: 1.7 Adj + FROM absent: ving different: khéc distinct: khac bigt free: duigc min safe: an todn separate: ritng Ié 1.8 Adj + ABOUT confused: b6i r6i curious: td md, hiéu ky enthusiastic: nhigt nh excited: huing thi sad: buén happy: vui vé serious: ding din, nghiém tic worried: dn chén, Io ldng 2.) Gigi ti theo sau dong tit —— “accuse ... of: bude ti “apologise to ... for: xin I8i “apologize for: xin 18i vé *apply for: nop don xin vite "arrive in/at: dén (noi) *ask ... for: hai... cho “believe in: tin tung vio belong to: thudc ve “blame ... for: d6 13i *borrow ... from: mugn “care about: quan tam vé “concentrate on: tp trung “care for: chim s6c/thich/yéu chu “charge ... with: phat *come across: tinh cd gip ‘complain to ... about: than phién “congratulate ... on: chiie mitng “consist of: bao gdm “crash into: va cham vao “deal with: gidi quyét “decide on: quygbdinh ve “depend on: thuge vio “die of: ch “divide into: chia (ra) ‘about: mo ve “escape from: thot khdi *exfilain ... to: gidi thich “feel like: cim thay nhupffhappen to: xdy dén “hope for: hi vong about/fromvof: nghe ve 8 “invite ... to: mai ‘40 “leave ... for: ri... dé dén “live on: sng nh¥ vio 86¢ “look around: nhin quanh “look back on: nhin vé qué kh on: khinh r8 “look for: tim : dibu tra “look forward to: mong doi : phan 46i “participate in: tham gia vao | #99 for: tra titn cho ‘point / aim at: chi .. vio Prepare for: chufin bj *prefer ... to: thich ... hon. ‘provide...with: cung cp “regard ... as: coi ... nh ‘rely ... on: dyavao ‘remind ... of: nhde nhd “result from: do béi “result in: gay ra, Peeacinto th > gE; L_ fsearch fo in ‘send for cho mai (ai) dén “shout at: la, hét “speakitalk to: néi voi *spend...on: chi tigu ... cho “succeed in: thanh cOng vé 7 ‘suffer from: dau, chju dung “take after: ging “think about / of: nght v8 “throw ... at: ném ... vao *translate...from...into: djch...tt..sang wait for: cho “write to: viét thu cho ‘warn ... about: cinh béo ... v8 * LUU ¥: Dong tit 2 che di vei GO go after: dudi theo, theo sau *go along: tin trién “go ahead: tin hanh, thing titn "go away: di khéi *go back: tré ve *go bys(thdi gian) toi qua “go down: (gid cd) gidm (>< go up ) *go off: chay, nd “go on:xay ra, dién ra, tifp tuc "go out: tXt, bi dap tat “go over: xem xét, kiém.tra kj “go with: hgp véi 4) V+ N + Gidi tir i “catch sight of: thoing thay “give way to: nhugng b6 “give place to: dinh chd cho “lose sight of: mét huit"keep pace with: theo kip “lose track of: quén mat “lose touch with: mét lign lac véi make allowance for: chiéu of dé make fun of: choc gheo, ché nhao ‘make a fuss overfabout: Iam Ign xon. ‘make room for. nhuing chd cho make use of: sit dung, tan dung “pay attention to: chi ¥ dn *put a stop to: chim dt ‘put an end to: chém dist *set fire fo: lam chéy, dot ‘take account of: tinh dén ‘take advantage of: Igi dung, tan dung take care of: chim sc “take notice of: Inu y, 48 stake note of: ghi chi, ghi nhan 1) Céch than tap: - Cau khang dinh S + V(6/es); S + am/is/are = Cau phi dinh $+ do/does+ not+V; Stam/is/are+ not = Cau héi Do/Does + $ + V2; Am/Is/Are + S? 2) CAch ding chinh: Simple Present ditng 4€ din ta: 2.1 MOt théi quen, mot hanh dong duige lap di l&p | cau thuting 06 cée trang ti sometimes, seldom, rarely, 23 Mot hanh dong tro chuong trinhké hoach. Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45. Ie Present Continuous: 1) Céich than 1ap: - Cau khdng dinh $+ am/is/are + V-ing = Cau phi dinh $+ am/is/are + not + V-ing - Cau hoi Am/Is/Are + § + V-ing? 2) Cich ding chinh: Present Continuous ding dé din ta: 2.1 Mét hanh dong dang din ra 4 hign tai(trong Ide néi); sau clu ménh Ignh, dé nghi. Trong chu thudng cb che trang tit: now, right now, at the moment, at present, ... Exc What are you doing at the moment? -V'm writing a letter. Be quiet! My mother is sleeping. 2.2 Mot hanh dong 48 duge lén ké hoach thye hign trong tung lai gin. Ex: What are you doing tonight? = Lam going to the cinema with my father. 2.3 Mot hanh dong nhat thdi khong kéo dai lau, thuding diing véi today, this week, this month, these days, Ex: What is your daughter doing these days? - She is studying English at the foreign language center. 3) Nhatng dong ti khong diing & Present Continuous: 3.1-Dong tit chi-giée quan: hear, see, smell, taste 3.2 Dong ti chi nh cim, cm xtic: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish 3.3 Dong ti chi trang thai, sy lin he, 5 hau: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to, reed, ... 34 Dong tit chi sinh hoat tri tug: agree, understand, remember, know, .. IIE Present Perfect: 1) Céch than lap: - Cau khdng dinh - Cau phi dink = Cau hoi 2) Céich ding chink: S + have/has+ V3/ed S + have/has + not + V3/ed Have/Has + S + V3/ed? ‘Nam has lived in HCM city since 1998, dong vita mdi xdy ra, just finished my homework. g cfu trie HF the first/second... time + § + have/has + V3/ed + the ss nhst +N +S + have/has + V3/ed Ex: This isthe first time have been to Paris, She is the most honest person I have ever met. 3) Che trang tit thudng diing v6i thi Present Perfect: just (vita méi), recently/lately (gin day), yet (chu), already (r6i), ever (da ting), never (chua bao gid), since (tit Khi ), for (khoang), a. now/up to “fi; Goyatapl PRE preséahlclhd dfn IV- Present Perfect Continuous: 1) Céch than lap: = Cau khdng dinh: $ + have/has + been + V-ing = Cau phui dinh: § + have/has + not + been + V-ing =Cauhéi Have/Has +S + been + V-ing? 2) Céch ding chinh: resent Perfect Continuous ding a€ din ti: + Hanh dong bat dau trong qué khit va kéo dai LIEN TYC dén hign tai va con tigp dién én twong lai, thuding ding véi How long, since va for. Ex: How long have you been waiting for her? - Thave been waiting for her for an hour. * Present Perfect: hanh dong hoan tét * Present Perfect Continuous: hanh dong con tiép tue Ve Simple Past: 1) Céch thanh lap: = Cau khing dinh $+ V2/ed; $+ was/were = Cu phui dinh $+ did + not + V; $+ was/were + noti -Cauhdi Did +5 + V2;- Was/Were +8? 2) Cach ding chinh: Simple Past ding 4é din ta hanh dong da xdy ra va hodn tat trong qué khif véi thoi gian auge xe dink ¥6. * Céc trang ti thitng di kém: ago, yesterday, last ‘week/month/year, in the past, in 1990... Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969. Vie Past Continuous: 1) Céch thanh lap: = Cau khing dink S + was/were + V-ing - Cau phi dinh $+ was/were + not + V-ing -CAuhéi — Was/Were + S + V-ing? 2) Cich ding chink: Past Continuous ding dé difn th: 2.1 M@t hinh dong xdy ra (va kéo dai) vio mot thoi iém hose mot Khodng thai gian trong qué kh. She was studying her lesson at 7 last night. Ex: What were you doing from 3pm to 6pm yesterday? = I was practising English at that time. 2.2 MOt anh dong dang xay ra (V-ing) & qué khut tht ¢6 mot hanh dong khéc xen vao (V2/ed). Ex: He was sleeping when I came. While she was cooking dinner, the phone rang. 23 Hai hinh dong din ra song song cing hic trong qué kh. Ex: While I was d ork, my younger brother was playi VII- Past Perfect: 1) Céch thanh lap: S+ = Cau khiing dinh -Cau phi dinh $+ had+ rot =Cauhéi Had + S + V3/ed? 2) Cich dung chinh: Past Perfect dang 2.1 Mgt hanh dong xdy ra va hoan tat tude igm hove mot hanh dong khée trong qué khit, (hanh dong true ding HAD + V3/ed, hinh dong sau dang V2/ed). fe had had dinner before 8 o'clock last night. Lucie had leamt English before she came to England. 2.2 Mot hanh dong da xdy ra nhung chwa hoin thanh, tinh dén mot thdi diém nao dé trong qué khit. Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for 10 years.(T6i lic t0i roi ngOi trudng Ay, ti da day duge 10 nim.) 3) Past Perfect thuting ding v6i cic tit sau day: * After, before, when, as, once Ex: When I got to the station, the train had already left. * No sooner... than (vita méi ... thi) * Hardly/Scarely ... when (vita méi ... th). Ex: He had no sooner returned from abroad than he fell ill. > No sooner had he returned from abroad than he fell ill (Anh dy vita méi ted v8 tit nude ngodi thi am ra bénh.) ditn “It was not until (mai cho t6i ... méi ...) Not until ... that ... (mai cho tdi ... méi Ex:_ It was not until I had met her that I understood _ the problem.—> Not until I had met her did I understand the problem. (Mai t6i khi t6i gp c6 ta, ti méi higu duge vin dé.) VIIL- Past Perfect Continuous 1) Céch thanh lap: ~ Cau khdng dinh $+ had + been + V-ing ~ Cau phi dinh $+ had + not + been + V-ing -Cauhdi Had +S + been + not + Ving? 2) Cfich dang chinh: Past Perfect Continuous ding 4é nhan manh tinh LIEN TYC cia hinh d6ng cho dén khi mot hanh dong khéc xdy ra trong qué Khu.” Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting fpr'3 hours. IX- Simple Future: 1) Céch thanh lap: + Cau khing dink ~ Cau phi dinh I+ not + V =Cauhdi Will S+Vr 2) Céch ding chiff Future ding d€ din ta: 2.1 MOt ha ‘xdy ra trong tufong lai, c omorrow. duia ra vao hic néi. ill lend you the money. titn dodn, dy béo trong tong lai. People will travel to Mars one day 'MOt 6 trang tit chi thoi gian thudng gip: , tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, some day, in the future, ... + LUU Y¥: Cach dang cia be going to + V: ) Behave ave some mney Tm gong buy anew computer. (Toi 44 dé danh duge mot ft ti8n. Toi dinh mua mot may vi tinh méi.) + Din t& mot dy dodn c6 can ett Ex: Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. (Hay shin nhatng dam may 46 kia. Trai sp mua.) X- Future Continuous: 1) Céch thanh lap: ~ Cau khing dinh $+ will/shall + be + Ving ~CAu phi dinh $+ will/shall + not + be + V-ing -CAuhéi — Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing? 2) C&ch ding chinh: Future Continuous diing 4é din ta mot hanh dong s& dang dign rao mét thoi diém hay. ‘mot Khodng thai gian trong tuong lai. Ex: This time next week I will be playing tennis. ‘Weill be working hard all day tomorrow.XI- Future Perfect: 1)Céch than lap: - Cau khing dinh —S + will/shall + have + V3/ed = Cau phi dinh $+ will/shall + not + have + V3/ed -Cauhdi Will/Shall + $ + have + V3/ed? 2) Céch ding chinh: Future Perfect ding 48 din ti 2.1 Mot hanh dong sé hoan tat trude mot thai diém trong tong lai. Ex: It’s now 7pm. I will have finished teaching this class by 8.30 pm. ( Bay gid la 7 gid ti. Toi sé day xong Iép nay hic 8 gio 30.) 2.2 Mot hanh dong sé hoan tat true mot hanh dong hac trong tuiong lai. Ex: By the time you come back, I will have written this letter.(Vao Ic anh ted lai, t0i sB viet xong Id thu nay.) * Thi nay thudng duge bat ddu bling By + time ( By then, By the time, By the end of this week/month/year). XII- Future Perfect Continuous: 1) Céch than lap: = Cau khang dinh S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing = Cau phi inh S + will/shall+notthaverbeen+V-ing -Cauhdi ” Will/Shall +S + have + been + V-ing? 2) Céch ding chinh: Future Perfect Continuous ding 4é nhgin manh TUC cia hanh dong so voi mot thoi diém nad inh dong khéc trong tung lai. “yfillghave been working in th ic of Ex: By net | office forte ye a e When Geotge fi tA e e studying a Ox } L4 Bai 3: GERUND & INFINITY 1 GERUND Ex: She enjoys listening to music. = V + V-ing (Gerund) Mot s6'tit/dong tir sau day cAn c6 V-ing theo sau: * avoid (trénh), advise (khuyén), be/get used to (quen véi), allow/permit (cho phép), enjoy (thich, thuéng thiic, consider (xem xét), deny (tit chéi), finish (hoan thanh), give up (tit bé, ddu hang), like (thich), dislike (khong. tich), keep (vin cn), miss (b6 10), practise (thy hank) postpone (ttl hodn),quit (rdi b3), recommend (48 nghi, Khuyén bio), spend (ti@u xai, tréi qua), suggest (48 nghi), can’t help (khong thé khong), .. * it’s no use/good (khong Igi ich gi), would you mind (ban c6 phién) * worth (dang, dang duige), busy (bn ron) IF INFINITIVE WITH “TO” Twant to learn English well. -V+TOV Mot s6 dong tt sau day can c6 to V theo sau: NG agree (ding y), afford (c6 di kha ning/diéu kign), choose (chon Iva), decide (quyét dinh), demand (40i hai, yeu chu), expect (mong cha, kj vong), fail-(thét bai, ‘héng), refuse (ti ch6i), hope (hy vong), like (mudn), Tearn (hoc), manage (xoay 58), plan (dif dinh), pretend (gid b9), prepare (chusin bi), promise (hifa), seek (tim Kim), threaten (de doa), train (dao tao, hun Iuyén), ‘want (mud), wish (a0 wéc), would like (muén), ... Ill INFINITIVE WITH “TO” OR GERUND 1) MOt s6 dong ttt 06 V-ing hoe TO V theo sau khong am thay Ai nghta: begin/start (bat dau), continue (tiép tuc), hate (ghét), can’t bear (khong chju duige), intend (dv¢ dinh), love (yeu thuiomg), prefer (thich...hon), hesitate (do dy), 2) Mot s6 dong tit 6 Vin 070 V theo saa am thay déi nghta: fed + to V: cn (nghia chil dong) Be cei ae (Ho edn lam vige cham chi hon.) ~ need + V-ing: cin duige (nghia bi dong) xc This room needs cleaning. (Can phong nay edn duige lau chai.) = remember/forget + to V: nhé/quén lam didu gi (chuia xay ra) |S RRP oe te igtcthen you get to the post office. ( Nhé goi ld thu khi ban dén butu dign.) + rememberiforget + V-ing: nhd/quén da lam diéu gi (4a xay ra) Ex I will never forget seeing you last year. (Toi sé Khong bao gid quén da gép ban vao nim ngosi.) = regret + to V: tie phai lam dibu gi (ap xay ra) Ex I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. (Toi lay 1am tiée béo cho anh hay anh 4a thi héng.) = egret + V-ing: tie da lam di8u gi (da xdy ra) er vase ey (Co fy tike da di nghi & New York) *LUU Y: Cu tric S+V+O+TOV eer aS aS ‘They let me visit my parents.Bai 4: PASSIVE VOICE J- Cie bude di citu chit dong sang cfu bj dng: 1) Xée dinh S, V, O trong cau chi dong (V c6 thé la don hoi kép. Néu la V kép thi V cud ciing-V chinh uige Adi thanh V3/ed.) 2) Xéc dinh thi cia dong tit 3) Dem O trong cau chi dong lam S trong cit bi dong, dem $ trong cau chil dong lam O trong cu bj dong, 4) Lay V chinh trong cau chi dong d6i thanh V3/ed ri them BE thich hgptruée V3/ed 5) Dit BY trudc O trong cau bi dong Ex (A) Thecat ate the mouse. > (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat. * Cu tric cg bin cla cau bj dong la BE + V3/ed. Sau khi Jam, cin kiém tra lai 6 thiéu 1 trong 2 yéu t6 dé khong. ee Dong ti trong clu chit dong va bi dbng: Tenses Examples Simple present Lan cleans the floor every morning. — The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning. Simple past Nam broke the glasses. —> The glasses were broken by Nam. Present continuous The pupil isn’t doing some exercises. > Some exercises are Present perfect Past perfect Tom had > The key had been Simple future Mr. Brown Modal verbs a) The students must do this test in ela ~ This test must be done in class by the students. 'b) We ought to overcome these difficulties. — These difficulties ought to be overcome. Tle Mt 56 diém clin hau ys 1) Cau hoi chi dong va bi dong: (A) Did your father make this c2r? > (P) Was this c2r made by your father? (A) Who repaired your bicycle? ~> (P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by? (By whom was your bicycle repaired?) (A) What plays did Shakespeare write? ~ (P) What plays were written by Shakespeare? 2) Laige bé tuic tt trong cau bi dong: Néu_chii_ti trong_c&u_chi-dOng KHONG chi-16-1a: gui hay vat cu thé, 16 ring (people, someone, every one, no one, any one, I, we, you, they, she, he, it) thi Khi d6i sang cau bj dong (by people /someone / every one / no one / any one me / us / you / them / her / hhim / it) 6 thé duige bé di. (A) People built that bridge in 1998. > @) That bridge was built in 1998. 3) Dong tit 6 2 tic tit 3.1 Dong tit cdn gidi tit TO: give, lend, send, show, ... (A) An'll give me this book (=An‘ll give this book to me.) > (P1) I will be given this book by John. — (P2) This book will be given to me by John. 3.2 Déng tit cin gidi tir FOR: buy, make, get, ... (A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.) > (PI) She was bought a rose. > (P2) A rose was bought for her. 4) Mot s6 dang bj dong khic: 4.1 C&u tric They/People say/think/beli = (A) People say that Henry eats — (PI) Itis said that Henry eats (P2) Henry is said to ea dang 6 it: iéa ch tit thude c&e truémg hop sau thi dong tit chia J dang 36 8. HEED ean een oe NMG Genie 24H = Milk is my favorite drink. 2) Danh ti tan cing bing “s” mang nghia s6 it: news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics physics, phonetics, aerobics, athletics, measles gymnastics, mumps, rickets, diabetes, the Philippines, the United States, .. - The news is interesting. 3) Dai tiy bit dinh: every/any/no/some +body/one/thing = Someone is kbocking at the door. 4) Menh dé bét ddu bing that/what/where/when... hofc ‘cum tt bét dau bing TO V/V-ing: - That you get high marks does not surprise me. = To master English is not easy. ~ Growing flowers was her hobby when she was young: 5) Titchi th gian, Khodng cich, tin bac, do hing, thé Uh: = Bight hours of sleep a day is enough. - Five kilometers is not a long distance. = Twenty dollars is too much to pay for that stuff.6) Ti dinh lugng + N mang nghia 56 tt - Each of the children has a toy. = One of my friends-is coming Ut Nhing trading hop dng ti chia dang s6 nihiéu: Néu chi tt thuge céc truting hgp sau thi dong ti chia dang s6 hi 1) Dank tit dém duige s6 nhibu: ~ Engineers are key figures in our life. 2) Céc danh tit Khée nhau két hyp bing AND: ~ Scientists and engineers are very important. 3) Tix dink lugng + N mang nghia 66 nhiéu: = Most of the students here work very hard. = Some books I read last week are written by To Hoai 4) Danh tit ludn & dang s6 nhibu: people, police, cattle, poultry, military, goods, clothes, scissors, glasses = The police have arrested the robbers. - Sun glasses are used to protect your eyes from the sunlight. * Chil y: A pair of scissors is helpful in this case, 5) The + Adj chi danh tit s6 nhiguthe rich/poor, the young/old/elderly, the homeless, the handicapped, the blind/deaf/mute, the English/Chinese. - The poor have many problems. ke Nhiiug trading hip cfs ae y: 1) Khi cfc chi 4 duige n6i voi nhau bdi as well as, with, along wit gp voi chi fi, th ~ The studenits, 39 - The teacher, & 2) Khi cfc chil ti Gy neither..nor, hoc not only.,/but/al hop v6i chi tir gan nha, - Neither she nor her friends hat 3) A number of +N sf nhiéu ~ dong tit 6 ‘The number of + N s6 nhiéu — dong tit 56 - A number of applicants have been interviewed. - The number of days in a week is seven. 4) Chii tir 1a danh ttt t8p hyp: family, class, crowd, group, club, association, company, team, ... 4. Xem nh MOT DON VI - dng tit 6 st: - My family has three members. 4.2 BE cap dén TUNG CA NHAN - dong ti s6 nhiéu: - My family were watching TV at 7 yesterday. Bai 6: DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH I- Dong tit tudng thudt & thi hién tai hoc tuomg lai: Néu dong tie tung thuat 6 thi hign tai hode tucng Iai, ta chi d6i ngéi nhut sau 1) Déi ngot thf nhét phd hyp véi chi tH trong ménh 8 chink 2) Béi ngoi thit hai ph hep véi tic tH trong ménh 48 chink 3)-Ng6i thet ba khong d6i Ex: He says to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow. —-> He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father the next day. * Chi y: say to —> tell Ii Dong tit tung thudt & thi qué Kit: Néu dng tit tu@ng thudt 6 thi qué Kh, ta déi ba yeu 16 1A ngOi, thi cda dong ti va trang ti chi théi gian va noi ch6in. 1) Ngoi: (nhu tren) 2) Thi cila dong ti VI->V2/ed —V2/ed—>had + V3/ed can—could will-9would _shall“should may— might must—>had 3) Trang tit chi thai giar chon: “today — that day ight —> that night ‘now—> then Pago > before syesterday ry before ( the previous day) “these ->those here — there said to me, “I met him yesterday.” told me that she had met him the day before. 1) Cau khang inh va phil dink: Dong ti tuong thuat thuding la said/told. Exl: He said, “I have seen her today.” He said (that) he had seen her that day. x2: He said to me, “The prize was not given to you.” > He told me (that) the prize hadn’t been given to me. fic Shieh Past fest [-] 2) Cau héi: Dong tit tutng thuat thudng a asked! wondered/ wanted to know (hdi/ttt hdi/mu6n biét). 2.1. Yes/No questions: Ex: She asked me, “Do you like him?” > She asked me if I liked him. 2.2. WH- questions: Exl: He said, “What is her name?” —> He asked what her name was. * Chil y trat tut olla S va V: Cau héi true tigp > Cau hei gin tiép = Yes/No- questions: “V + $2” if/whether +S + V - WH- questions: “WH- + V + $2” WH + + V * said to —> asked 3) Cau ménh lenh:bong ti wong thuft thing 18 total asked/ ordered (b4o/yéu chu/ra len). 3.1. Khang dinh: Ex: The teacher said, “Go to the board, John.” > The teacher told John to go to the board,3.2. Phi dinh: Ex: Nam said to his friend, “Don't shut the door.” Nam asked his friend not to shut the door. Bai 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES & SENTENCE WISH F- Cu diéw kign (Conditional sentense) 1) Ba loai cau didu kign: 1a Loai I: Din ta didu kign 6 thé xdy rad hign tai ode tung lai. Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home. 1.2 Loai I Din ta didu kign khéng thé xdy ra 6 hign tai hode tuong 1 Exd: I would buy a new bicycle if I had enough money. (Hign tai t0i khong c6 dil tién.) 13 Logi II: Dign ta dibu kin khng thé xdy ra 6 qué khit Exc If Tom had worked harder, he wouldn't have failed his, exam (Sy that la Tom da Khong chim chi va da thi rét) 2) Tom tit cong thi: Loai IF CLAUSE, MAIN CLAUSE 1. S4VIG/es) 8+ willean ... + V 2. $+ V2/ed/WERE, S + would/could ... + V 3. S+had +V3/ed , SAlwquld/could ...+ have + V3/ed 3) Nhang diém cin I 3.1 “If... not” 06 tuy nhien 6 thé thy 3.2 BS IF trong 3 logi cau didu kien vi SHOULD/WERE/HAD): Ex: Ifit should be necessary, I will go. ~ Should it be necessary, I will go. Exc IFT were rich, T would buy a new car. ~ Were I rich, I would buy a new car. Bx: If you had asked him, he would have told you the answer. > Had you asked him, he would have told you the answer. 3.3 MOt 66 tit va cum tit ¢6 thé thay cho IF véi nghia ‘tuong duiong: Provided that/ so(as) long as (mi&n 1a)/ in case (trong trudng hop)/ on condition that (v6i diu kién) Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back. ‘H- Cu ao wie: WISH (1t8¢)/ IE ONLY (gid. ma) 1) Khong cé that 3 hin tai: V2/ed/WERE ~ I wish Peter were here now. (He isn’t here now.) = If only I had more money. 2) Khong c6 that 6 tuong lai: WOULD + V ~ She wishes Tom would be here tomorrow. - If only Tom would be here tomorrow. 3) Khéng c6 tht & qué Khit: HAD +-V3/ed— ~ We wish she had passed her exam last year. ~ Ifonly you hadn't told Peter about our plan. Bai 8: SU DAO NGO Mot s6'tit/ cym tir sau khi dat dau cfu cén déo nga: 1) Nhaing trang tty 6 nghia phi dinh ho§c gin phi dink: never, no longer, nowhere else, rarely, seldom, little, not until ~ He knows litle about what she has done. > Little does he know about what she has done, + She is not only beautiful, but she js~also very intelligent. ~ Not only is she beauti intelligent. 2) Che cum tir bit dau @AT, IN, ON, UNDE! of what was happening. ige bé IF: (xem Bai 5, I, 32) ‘me, please tell them I will be away for > Should anyone ask me, please tell them for a few days. him better, I would give him advice. * The day was so hot that we had to stay indoors. So hot was the day that we had to stay indoors. Greener tr rr a 5) ONLY when/ after/ by/ then/ if ... ~ Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work. - Only by working harder will you pass your final exam. 6) HARDLY/ SCARCELY/ BARELY ... WHEN; NO SOONER ... THAN: + Hardly had I arrived home when I had a new problem. ~ No sooner had she handed in her paper than she realized her carelessmistakes. Bai 9: TU DINH LUQNG I. Tit chd 86 long lon / nko: 1) A lot of, lots of, many, much: (nhiéu) ~A lot of, lots of + danh tir so nhibu/danh tir Khong «dé duge trong cdukhang inh Exc He has a lot of / lots of friends here. We need a lot of / lots of time to learn a foreign language.