LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

RA 1425- Rizal
Law
 RA 1425- RIZAL Law

• An act to include in the curricula of all

public and private schools, colleges, and
universities courses on the life, works,
and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly
his novels, Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing
and distribution thereof, and for purposes.
Jose P. Laurel –sponsor the said law.
• Claro Mayo Recto – the
author or main
proponent of the law.
• filed a bill for the
mandatory inclusion of
Rizal subject in
Secondary and Tertiary
Level.
 RA 1425- RIZAL Law

• It was enacted and signed on June 12,

1956 which coincides the Philippine
Independence Day.
 Goals of RA 1425
 To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes
lived and died
 To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting
his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character
 To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through
the study of Rizal’s life, works, and writings.
Other reasons for teaching the Rizal course
in Philippine schools
 To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and
teachings in relation to present conditions in the
society.
 To encourage the application of such ideals in
current social and personal problems and issues.
 To develop an appreciation and deeper
understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for.
 To foster the development of the Filipino youth in
all aspects of citizenship.
Andres Bonifacio, not Rizal, should be the
national hero
• Andres Bonifacio did lead the
Filipinos in the armed struggle
for Philippine independence.
Then why did we not follow
the examples of other nations
in selecting a military leader
for the national hero.
 Heroism

the qualities of a hero or heroine;

exceptional or heroic courage
when facing danger (especially in
battle)
 Heroism
“a person of distinguished
courage or
ability…admired for
brave deeds and noble
qualities…role model,
ideal…”
 Definition of “Hero/Heroism” based
on the National Heroes Commission
1. The extent of person’s sacrifices for the
welfare of the country
2. The motives and methods employed in the
attainment of the ideal (welfare of the
country)
3. the moral character of the person
4. influence of the person to his age and
succeeding eras.
 The World During Rizal’s Time
1. The Needs for Reforms: Representation
2. The Religious Front: Secularization
3. The Conditions in Europe, America and
Asia
4. Conditions in the Philippines in the 19th
Century
The Philippines under Spanish Colonial Rule

Introduction of new political ideologies due to

the influx of foreigners and the rise of
Ilustrados

Instability in the Colonial rule, corruption and

injustices

Racial prejudice, no equality before the law, forced

labor, land grabbing and strict religious control
 The Philippines under Spanish rule

•Three aspects of the Philippine society,

namely:
•Social Structure
•Political System
•Educational System
Social Structure

The Spaniards
demanded all
forms of taxes and
tributes, and
drafted the natives
for manual labor.
Political System
Goveror General

Appointed by Spanish monarch

central administration in Manila

King’s representative: state and religious matters

He had supreme authority in financial matters

until 1784
Educational System

 The Schools were free to administer their own

curricula and prescribe the qualifications of their
teachers.
 Overemphasis on religious matters- religion was
the main subject in schools
o Obsolete teaching methods
o Limited curriculum
o Very poor classroom facilities
o Absence of teaching materials (books)
Educational System
 Learning in every level was largely by
rote/repetition and memorization without
understanding.
 Prejudice against Filipinos in the schools of higher
learning (Indios had inferior intelligence and they
were fit only for manual labor)
 Friars control over the system meaning the friars
occupied a dominant position in the Philippine
educational system
 GOMBURZA
• In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora (Gomburza),
was executed by the Spanish colonizers on
charges of subversion.

• The death of Gomburza awakened

strong feelings of anger and resentment among
the Filipinos. They questioned Spanish
authorities and demanded reforms.
 Suez Canal
The connection of Suez
Canal (Canal) to
Philippine in 1869
it paved way for foreign
traders to do business
with many countries.
Contact with westerners
brought-in, and other
things.
Encomienda System
• Established a feudalistic society which
was characterized by a master-slave
relationship between the conquistadores
and the Indios (natives).
Doctrine of “Limpieza de Sangre” (purity of
blood)

Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain)

Insulares (Philippine-born Spaniards, the Spanish mestizos;

town ruling class, the native elite and the Chinese mestizos

Indios (natives)
Frailocracy (Quasi-Theocratic Society)

• “Frailocracia” – “rule of the friars”

THE BIRTH AND FAMILY
BACKGROUND OF
RIZAL
 Calamba, Laguna
Hacienda owned
by the
Teodora Alonzo Dominicans 7th of the 11
(principalia) and
children. The
Francisco Mercado
youngest boy in
(Chinese merchant
the family
from China)

They were
Born June 19, Jose considered as one
of the prominent
1861
Rizal families in
Calamba
 Frail and
sickly
Wrote Had his first
poems at pilgrimage in
the age of Antipolo
8
Young
Used to
meditate in
Laguna de Bay
Jose Best student in
Binan, though
with his dog,
Usman
Rizal always bullied

Began Learned the

sketching at the story of the
age of 5 moth from his
mother
RIZAL’S EDUCATION
 Education in Calamba and Biñan
• At the age of 3, Rizal learned the alphabet from his
mother.

• At the age of 5, while learning to read and write,

Rizal already showed inclinations to be an artist.

• At the age of 8, Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa

Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of which revolves on
the love of one’s language.
 Education in Calamba and Biñan
• The first private tutor was Maestro Celestino and
the second, Maestro Lucas Padua.

• Leon Monroy- a former classmate of Rizal’s father

became his tutor. He instructed Rizal in Spanish and
Latin.

• After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s parents decided to

send their gifted son to a private school in Biñan.
 First Day in Biñan School
 Paciano enrolled Rizal to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

 Rizal met the bully, Pedro. Rizal, who was angry

at this bully for making fun of him during his
conversation with the teacher, challenged Pedro
to a fight. Rizal having learned the art of
wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated
the bigger boy.
 Best Student in School
 In academic studies, Rizal beat all Binan boys.
He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and
other subjects.
Education in Manila
• Ateneo Municipal de
Manila
• Bachelor of Arts degree in
1877 at the age of 16
• Graduated as one of the
nine students declared
sobresaliente
• Continued his education to
obtain a degree in land
surveying and assessor
 Ateneo Municipal de Manila
• Wrote his first poem Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First
Inspiration) which was dedicated to his mother on her
birthday.

• Rizal was a member of the academy of Spanish

Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences.

• He also wrote Through Education Our Motherland

Receives Light and The Intimate Alliance Between
Religion and Good Education which showed the
importance of religion in education.
Education in Manila
• University of Santo Tomas

• Studied Philosophy and

Letters during his first year

• Shifted to Medicine
specializing in Ophthalmology
when he found out that his
mother was going blind
 University of Santo Tomas
Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution:
(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him

(2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated

against by the Spaniards

(3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive

After finishing the fourth year of his medical
course, Rizal decided to study in Spain . He could no
longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and
the hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.
Decision to Continue Studies in Europe

 To widen his knowledge and compare the

greatness and progress of the cultured nations
of the world with the slow, monotonous, and
retrograde march of the colony.

 Studying abroad demonstrated the wealth of

his family. Foreign education was highly
valued and considered a status symbol.
Decision to Continue Studies in Europe

 To avail of the more conducive conditions

in Europe. Medical education UST was
relatively new
 Worsening eye condition of his mother.
Education in Europe
 Traveled alone to Europe
(Madrid) in May 1882

 Continued his studies in

Medicine at the Universidad
Central de Madrid

 Degree of Licentiate in
Medicine in 1884

 Degree of Philosophy and

Letters in 1885
Education in Europe
 University of Paris (France)

 University of Heidelberg
(Germany)

 Earned a second doctorate

 Inducted as a member of the

Berlin Ethnological Society
and the Berlin Anthropological
Society under the patronage of
the famous pathologist Rudolf
Virchow
University of Heidelberg
 25-year-old Rizal
completed in 1887 his
eye specialization under
the renowned Prof. Otto
Becker in Heidelberg
 Spain as a Realization

• It was a venue for realizing Rizal’s dreams.

• His vision broadened to the point of
awakening in him an understanding of
human nature.
 Rizal’s Life in Europe
• Jose Rizal lived in Europe for 5 years.

• He could converse in more than 10 different tongues.

• Excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting,

teaching, anthropology, and journalism, among other things.

• During his European sojourn, he also began to write novels.

Rizal finished his first book, Noli Me Tangere, while living
in Wilhemsfeld with the Reverend Karl Ullmer.
 Entry Into Freemasonry
 liberal and republican-minded
 Outlawed by church because of its beliefs
are contrary to its doctrines
 Rizal adopted their view that knowledge
should be achieved by the light of the reason
 He joined due to his opposition on the
practices of friars in the Philippines.
 The Rise of Philippine Propaganda

Philippine conditions went from bad to worse

The deportation of Filipino leaders to Spanish

penal colonies, the persecution of the
intellectuals, and the abuses of the Spanish
masters continued unabated.
 The Rise of Philippine Propaganda

The peaceful campaign for reforms was known

in Philippine history as the “Propaganda
Movement”.

It began in 1872, when Gomez, Burgos and

Zamora were executed at the Luneta and ended
in 1896 when Rizal was exiled to Dapitan.
 The Propagandists
The Propagandists were the scions of good
families, highly intelligent, educated,
patriotic and courageous.
 Reforms Desired by the Propaganda
Movement
 Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws.
 Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of
Spain.
 Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish
Cortes.
 Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and expulsion
of the friars.
 Human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, and freedom to meet and petition,
redress and grievances
Circulo Hispano Filipino

 Organized by
the Filipino
Students in
Madrid.
 La Solidaridad, Organ of the Propaganda
Movement.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena founded a fortnightly newspaper,
La Solidaridad, in Barcelona on February 15 1889.
 Masonry and the Propaganda
Movement
• Many Filipino patriots turned Masons, including
Marcelo H. del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena, Rizal,
Ponce, and others, because they needed help of
the Masons in Spain and in other foreign
countries in their fight for reforms.
 End of the Propaganda Movement
Rizal’s to Dapitan proved to be the swan song
of the Propaganda Movement
 The Liga Filipina collapsed.
The radical Andres Bonifacio and other
radical members separated from it
Many members of the Compromisarios
stopped paying their contributions so that the
flow of funds to spain ceased
 Last issue on November 15, 1895.
 Pen Names of the Members
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel
• Jose Rizal- Laong Laan and Dimasalang
• Mariano Ponce- Naning, Tikbalang or
Kalipulako
• Antonio Luna- Taga-ilog
• Jose Ma. Panganiban- Jomapa
• Dominador Gomez- Ramiro Franco