TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

1. Koristi se za uobičajenu radnju u sadašnjosti ili navike:

He smokes 20 cigarettes a day.

2. Sa prilozima za učestalost: always, never, occasionally, often, sometimes, usually, every week/day/month/year…, on Mondays,
twice a year…

I go to church every Sunday.

3. Koristi se da izrazi činjenice, naučne istine:

The Sun rises in the east.

4. kod radio komentara, sportskih događaja,...

She moves up to the net.

5. za davanje instrukcija:

First you put the paper in the typewriter.

6. kod opisa turističkih aranžmana:

7. za planirane radnje u budućnosti, posebno kod redova vožnji:

The train leaves at 9 o’clock.

8. Kod vremenskih rečenica, kada postoji ideja rutine

As soon as he earns money he spends it.

9. Kod vremenskih rečenica kada je glagol u glavnoj rečenici u budućem vremenu i kada nije jasno precizirano da je radnja u
zavisnoj rečenici završena:

When it stops raining we’ll go out.

10.U novinskim naslovima:

Mass murderer escapes.

11. Kod prepričavanja događaja, filmova, istororijskih događaja

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja se dešava u trenutku govora:

We are talking now.

2. Za radnju koja se odvija u sadašnjosti ali ne mora biti u trenutku govora već se odvija privremeno:

He is living in London at the moment. (but his home is in Belgrade )

3. Za utvrđene planove u bliskoj budućnosti kad imamo vremensku odrednicu:

He is leaving for Australia next year.

4. Za radnje koje se stalno ponavljaju a iritiraju govornika, uz priloge ALWAYS, FOREVER, CONSTANTLY…

You are always doing stupid things!

5. Kod učtivih pitanja:

I am wondering if you could do this for me.

6. Za radnje koje opisuju promenu i razvoj:

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More and more people are getting up smoking.

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

1. Koristi se za prošlu radnju koja je počela i završila se u prošlosti u tačno određeno vreme (yesterday, last week/month/year, in
1998, two days ago…):

I met him yesterday.

2. Za naviku u prošlosti:

They never drank wine.

3. Za radnju koja se desila u određenom vremenskom periodu iako vreme vršenja radnje nije pomenuto:

The train was 10 minutes late.

4. Za dve ili više uzastopnih radnji u prošlosti; prilikom prepričavanja:

I came into the classroom, took off my coat and sat down.

5. Posle “wish” i “if only” da izrazi želju u sadašnjosti:

I wish I knew what was going on.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja je trajala određeni period u prošlosti: all day, all morning/afternoon/evening yesterday…:

We were playing tennis all day yesterday.

2. Za dve paralelne (uporedne) radnje u prošlosti – while:

While I was doing my homework, she was listening to music.

3. Za radnju koja je duže trajala u prošlosti a prekinuta je nekom drugom, kraćom, prošlom radnjom:

He was talking to his friends when his father called him.

4. Za radnje u prošlosti koje su iritirale govornika:

When I knew him, he was always borrowing money.

5. Za učtivo pitanje:

I was wondering if you could help me.

6. Za radnju koja je počela pre nekog vremena i verovatno nastavila posle tog vremenskog perioda:

At 8 he was having breakfast.

7. Za opisivanje promene nečega u prošlosti:

The car was getting worse all the time.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1. Koristi se za dogadjaje koji su se desili skoro, bez odredjenog vremenskog perioda koji je dat: just, lately, recently, already, yet…

He has just come home.

2. Za dogadjaje koji su se desili u prošlosti a posledice te radnje se osećaju u sadašnjosti:

I have washed my hair. (my hair is clean now )

3. Za nezavršen vremenski period koji uključuje i sadašnjost: today, this morning/week…

Have you seen Mark this week? (this week is still on )

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4. Da opiše radnju koja je počela u prošlosti i traje sve do sada uz: since, for:

I have lived here for 5 years. (I still live there )

He has lived there since 1982.
I lived there for 4 years. (but I don’t live there any more )

Kod složenih rečenica u glavnoj rečenici je Present Perfect Tense a posle since je obično Past Simple Tense:

I haven’t been to London since I was a child.

5. Obično sa vremenskim odrednicama: before (now), ever, never, up till now, so far…

Have you ever visited San Francisco?

6. Razgovor o prošlosti obično počinje sa Present Perfect Tense i nastavlja sa Past Simple Tense čak iako vremenska odrednica nije
data:

Where have you been? I’ve been to the cinema.

What did you see?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja je počela u prošlosti i još uvek traje:

I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.

2. Za radnju koja je duže trajala u prošlosti sve do sada:

I have been writing letters all morning. (it’s still morning)

3. Za radnju koja je počela u prošlosti, trajala i upravo se završila:

I’m sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?

4. Za radnju koja se ponavlja a vremenski period još uvek traje:

I have been taking French lessons this year.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

1. Koristi se za prošlu radnju koja se desila pre neke druge radnje:

The bus had already gone so we waited for the next one.

2. Posle AFTER, BY THE TIME, BEFORE, AS SOON AS za radnju koja se desila pre neke druge prošle radnje:

By the time I got to the station, the train had left.

When/After he had found a job, he rented a flat.

3. Posle WISH, IF ONLY, da izrazi želju u prošlosti:

I wish I hadn’t stayed so long at the party last night.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Za radnju koja se desila u prošlosti pre neke druge prošle radnje i duže trajala ili se učestalo dešavala:

He had been practicing when we arrived.

I had not been sleeping well, so I went to see a doctor.

2. Za radnju u prošlosti koja je trajala pre i posle neke druge prošle radnje:

He had been painting the door. (the door was probably still wet)

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 FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja će se desiti u budućnosti, za nešto što nije unapred isplanirano:

I’ll meet you at the café.

2. Za buduću uobičajenu radnju za koju znamo da će se desiti:

Spring will come again.

3. Koristi se da izrazi govornikovo mišljenje o nečemu, pretpostavku, mogućnost o budućnosti. Ove rečenice mogu da se uvedu
glagolima:
assume, be afraid, feel sure, believe, doubt, expect, hope, know, suppose, think, wonder ili sa prilozima: perhaps, possibly,
probably, surely…

I’m sure he will come back. They will probably wait for us.

4. Za spontanu odluku o budućnosti:

I’ll take this one.

5. U novinskim člancima i vestima kada govorimo o budućnosti i kod vremenske prognoze. U svakodnevnom govoru ovo se
izražava Present Continuous Tense ili Going to:

The fog will persist in all areas.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja će se desiti u budućnosti i trajaće. Ponekad kad znamo nečije navike možemo da znamo da će on to
raditi:

At 1 o’clock I’ll be having lunch.

2. Za učtiva pitanja:

Will you be seeing Mary tomorrow morning?

3. Koristi se da opiše nešto što će se desiti bez obzira da li mi želimo ili ne:

I won’t bother to fix time to see you, because I’ll be calling into the office anyway next week.

4. Za buduće radnje koje su već utvrđene:

He will be leaving at five.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja će se desiti u budućnosti pre nekog određenog perioda, uz BY, BY THAT TIME, BY THEN…

They will have completed their French course by next spring.

2. Koristi se da izrazi pretpostavku od strane govornika:

You won’t have heard the news of course.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Koristi se za radnju koja će se završiti u budućnosti pre nekog određenog perioda i trajaće:

By the end of the month he will have been training horses.

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 EXPRESSING FUTURE

PRESENT SIMPLE

1. Koristimo za određene događaje u budućnosti kada je nešto unapred utvrđeno, ili ima kalendarske odrednice, kod rasporeda,
redova vožnji...

The plane takes off at noon.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Koristi se za neformalne planove u bliskoj budućnosti kada postoji i vremenska odrednica:

I am doing the dishes this afternoon.

PRESENT PERFECT

1. U vremenskim rečenicama da pokaže da je radnja kompletno završena:

When I have finished all this it will be too late.

BE GOING TO+INFINITIVE

1. Koristi se da izrazi neku nameru i plan i jaku verovatnoću da će se nešto desiti:

They are going to move to another city.

BE+INFINITIVE

1. Koristi se za formalne utvrđene stvari ili za komande:

They are to stay at the best hotel in town.

BE ABOUT TO / BE ON THE POINT OF / BE DUE TO

1. Koristi se za jako blisku, neposrednu budućnost, šta će biti sledećeg trenutka:

I think the play is about to start now.

Mary is on the point of resigning.

BE DUE TO- za neki raspored

VERBS THAT ARE NOT USED IN CONTINUOUS FORM

VERBS OF SENSES:

FEEL, HEAR, SEE, SMELL, NOTICE, TASTE, OBSERVE…

VERBS OF FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS:

ADMIRE (RESPECT), ADORE, APPRECIATE (NOTICE), CARE FOR(LIKE), DESIRE, DETEST, DISLIKE, FEAR, HATE,
LIKE, LOATHE, LOVE, MIND(CARE), RESPECT, VALUE, WANT, WISH…

VERBS OF MENTAL ACTIVITY:

AGREE, APPRECIATE(UNDERSTAND), ASSUME, BELIEVE, EXPECT (THINK), FEEL(THINK), FORGET, KNOW,MEAN,

PERCEIVE, REALIZE, RECALL, RECOGNIZE, REMEMBER, THINK, SUPPOSE, UNDERSTAND…

VERBS OF POSSESSION:

BELONG, OWE, OWN, POSSESS…

These verbs can have continuous forms only if they change their meaning:

FEEL - +adjectives indicating emotions or physical or mental condition

I’m feeling better.

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 - “touch” – The doctor is feeling her pulse.

LOOK- “watch” – I’m looking out for a better job.

SMELL-“sniff at”- Why are you smelling the milk?

OR
- The flower smells nice.
TASTE- “to taste the flavour of it”-She is testing the pudding to see if it was sweet enough.
-This cake tastes delicious.
APPEAR-“seems”-It appears to be a good film.
-“have a part in”-Greta is appearing in a new film.
HAVE-“possession”-He has a nice house.
-“activity”-He is having breakfast.
-“temporary state”-We are having nice weather this week.

THINK-“no opinion is given or asked for”-What are you thinking about?

-“opinion asked for”-What do you think of it?

EXPECT-“wait for”-She is expecting a baby in May.

-“think, believe”-I expect he is an honest man.

BE-“permanent truth”-She is clever.

-“temporary state”-Now she is being silly.

WEIGH-“state”-This bag weighs a tone.

-“event”-We are weighing the baby.

DEPEND-“state”-It depends what you means.

-“event”-I am depending on you.