REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

UNIVERSITY OF ADEN
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

COURSE PROJECT

Ph sensor circuit

NAME: AHMED FADHEL NASSER MOHAMMED

Reg.No: 186048

CLASS: B4EC

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2021/2022

 ABSTRACT

?How Does Analog pH Sensor Work

An Analog pH sensor is designed to measure the pH value of a solution and

show the acidity or alkalinity of the substance. It is commonly used in various
applications such as agriculture, wastewater treatment, industries,
environmental monitoring, etc. The module has an on-board voltage regulator
chip that supports the wide voltage supply of 3.3-5.5V DC, which is
compatible with 5V and 3.3V of any control board like Arduino. The output
.signal is being filtered by a hardware low Filter

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 Acknowledgment

I would like to thank my guide and the head of part electronic and communication

Dr. Ferial AL-Gaber

And I would like to thank

Mr. Ammar Kard

For helping and giving me some of his knowledge.

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Contents
5_________________________________________________Required Components
6____________________________________________________What is pH Value?
7_________________________________How Does Gravity Analog pH Sensor Work?
11_____________________________________________Testing Arduino pH Tester

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ARDUINO

Arduino pH Meter
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity and basicity of a liquid. It can have
readings ranging from 1-14 where 1 shows the most acidic liquid and 14 shows
the most basic liquid. 7 pH is for neutral substances that are neither acidic nor
basic. Now, pH plays a very important role in our lives and it is used in various
applications. For example, it can be used in a swimming pool to check the
quality of water. Similarly, pH measurement is used in a wide variety of
applications like agriculture, wastewater treatment, industries, environmental
monitoring, etc.

In this project, we are going to make an Arduino pH Meter and learn how to

measure the pH of a liquid solution using a gravity pH sensor and Arduino.
A 16x2 LCD is used to show the pH value on the screen. We will also learn how
to calibrate the pH sensor to determine its accuracy of the sensor. So let’s get
started!

Required Components
 Arduino Uno
 16*2 Alphanumeric LCD
 I2C Module for LCD
 Gravity Analog pH sensor
 Connecting wires
 Breadboard

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What is pH Value?
The unit that we use to measure the acidity of a substance is called pH. The
term “H” is defined as the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. The
range of pH can have values from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is neutral, as pure
water has a pH value of exactly 7. Values lower than 7 are acidic and values
greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

Here are some examples of everyday substances and their pH:

Substance pH approximate

Lemon juice 2,4 – 2,6

Cola drink 2,5

Vinegar 2,5 – 2,9

Orange or apple juice 3,5

Beer 4,5

Coffee 5,0

Tea 5,5

Milk 6,5

Water 7,0

Saliva 6,5 – 7,4

Blood 7,38 – 7,42

Seawater 8,0

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Soap 9,0 a 10,0

Bleach 13

How Does Gravity Analog pH Sensor Work?

An Analog pH sensor is designed to measure the pH value of a solution and
show the acidity or alkalinity of the substance. It is commonly used in various
applications such as agriculture, wastewater treatment, industries,
environmental monitoring, etc. The module has an on-board voltage regulator
chip that supports the wide voltage supply of 3.3-5.5V DC, which is compatible
with 5V and 3.3V of any control board like Arduino. The output signal is being
filtered by a hardware low jitter.

Technical Features: 

Signal Conversion Module:

 Supply Voltage: 3.3~5.5V

 BNC Probe Connector
 High Accuracy: ±0.1@25°C
 Detection Range: 0~14
PH electrode:

 Operating Temperature Range: 5~60°C

 Zero (Neutral) Point: 7±0.5
 Easy calibration
 Internal Resistance: <250MΩ

pH Electrode

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pH Signal Conversion Board: 

Pin Description:

V+: 5V DC input

G: Ground pin

Po: pH analog output

Do: 3.3V DC output

To: Temperature output

pH Electrode Construction: 

The construction of a pH sensor is shown above. The pH Sensor looks like a rod

usually made of a glass material having a tip called “Glass membrane”. This
membrane is filled with a buffer solution of known pH (typically pH = 7). This
electrode design ensures an environment with the constant binding of H+ ions
on the inside of the glass membrane. When the probe is dipped into the solution
to be tested, hydrogen ions in the test solution start exchanging with other
positively charged ions on the glass membrane, which creates

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an electrochemical potential across the membrane which is fed to the
electronic amplifier module which measures the potential between both
electrodes and converts it to pH units. The difference between these potentials
determines the pH value based on the Nernst equation.

Nernst Equation: The Nernst equation gives a relation between the cell potential
of an electrochemical cell, temperature, reaction quotient and the standard cell
potential. In non-standard conditions, the Nernst equation is used to calculate
cell potentials in an electrochemical cell. The Nernst equation can also be used
to calculate the total electromotive force (EMF) for a full electrochemical cell.
This equation is used to calculate the PH value of a solution as well. The glass
electrode response is governed by the Nernst Equation can be given as:

E = E0 - 2.3 (RT/nF) ln Q

Where

Q= Reaction coefficient

E = mV output from the electrode

E0 = Zero offset for the electrode

R = Ideal gas constant= 8.314 J/mol-K

T = Temperature in ºK

F = Faraday constant = 95,484.56 C/mol

N = Ionic Charge

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Arduino pH Meter Circuit Diagram for this Arduino pH meter
project is given below:

Connection of pH Signal Conversion Board with Arduino:

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The connection between Arduino and PH signal conversion board is shown in
the table below.

Arduin
PH Sensor board
o

5V V+

GND G

A0 Po

Calibration of the PH electrode is very important in this project. For this, we need
to have a solution whose value is known to us. This can be taken as the
reference solution for the calibration of the sensor.

Suppose, we have a solution whose PH value is 7 (distilled water). Now when

the electrode is dipped in the reference solution and the PH value displayed on
LCD is 6.5. Then to calibrate it, just add 7-6.5=0.5 in the calibration variable
“calibration value” in the code. i.e. make the value 21.34 + 0.5=21.84. After
making these changes, again upload the code to Arduino and recheck the pH by
dipping the electrode in the reference solution. Now LCD should show the
correct pH value i.e. 7 (Little variations are considerable). Similarly, adjust this
variable to calibrate the sensor. Then check for all other solutions to get the
exact output.

Testing Arduino pH Tester

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We have tried this Arduino pH meter by dipping it into pure water and Lemon
water, you can see the result below.

Pure Water:

Testing the pH of pure water with Arduino pH Meter

Lemon Water: 

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Testing the pH of lemon water with Arduino pH Meter

This is how we can build a pH sensor using Arduino and can use it to check the
pH level of various liquids.

Complete code I used for Arduino Uno.

Code

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 CONCLUSION

pH meters are scientific instruments used for measuring the activity

and concentration of hydrogen-ions in water-based solutions, with the
aim of indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH values. They
find application in water & wastewater treatment, pharmaceuticals,
.chemicals & petrochemicals, food & beverages, mining, and agriculture

REFERENCE

Circuit digest 
.Wikipedia Website 

.All about Electronics Channel https://www.youtube.com/ E Infotainment 

Internet for Some Information and Pictures.

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