B.Sc. MATHS,2 Ye.

EM, SHIFT 1

ABSTRACT
ALGEBRA
(ASSIGNMENT)

NAME KARTH1KE YA
20BMAI25
REGN0:
DATE o1 06/2022.

CONTENT: UNIT -
05 (SECTION - 3.7)
Lemas & heotemi
Hint. te
Pneot,
 heonem 3.7.1.

Statement:
tet R
R be a Eudidean ing
urd And
let A be an ideal oh R. Then, There
exists -an element A E AA Auch hat A

consist exectly s all HanTeA

eVez R. i'e., A() :
{ a,x [xe R
R ia Eudlicleaun ing.
Gtiven
A is idealtR.

To eve A (a) a x ] xe R o Aame A

Ht Caue (i Le A o}. Then, a, =O

Case Let A 4o}

a#o ¬ A

d (a) id minima eY
D
#oGA.|

a ta,t ; 4, eR

a ta
(Ue Po y Corntadiction; 4o)
Conollay to Theerenm 3.7.1
A Eutlidean sing Posemes a ut
element

Gtiven R is a Euclidean ing

Rhas uu elenent 1
ToPAove a

Hant Rataelk s n idesd R

ie., R- (*) on Aome G R

ShouO that C a u As a uni element

xeR (sy,y
LEMMA 3.7.1
Stefereort
Let Rbe a Sucdidean ràng. Jaen ond
Jso elerneni oand J Rncwe
aetext ienmen olivinse d. Masheover d= 2a+ub
A,pe R.

iven
R is a Eutidean
ir
ing

To Pve ti d (a, b); a , b e R

i d Aa+ub A e R.
Han Shts that, A= } n a + b ,se R i an ideal
R
 Le A (d) d Aatub 2, eR.
Shoo hat, d = (a, b)

(1) da aund db (e., a, b e A).

ca and cb ; ceR => c d

LEMMA 3.7.2.

Stetemert
Let R be an
Cn interal demaun Jouth

anc &uppae tht o a, be R

2urit element
bsth alb and bla Oe ue Then

u is a uit in R.
R.
T.D ith 11
Rian
GiNen
Cund bla whe a,be R
alb
C= ub u is a un in R

HAn alb => b = Va

a = ub
bla =>

O in e n O
Put ithu
LEMMA 3.73,

Stedemerl
Le R be aEnckicdean ung and a,beR.
1 b#o is nat aurut n R. hen
dfa) < d(ab) .

Gtiven R s c Eulidean ing

a , be R whee at0, bto

ha

bto i a unit n R

d(a) < d(ab)

e Prooby Centradichm.
Hint
Conaider A (a) d(a) d(ab)

Le da) = d (ab) => A (ab)

acA = a abx xeR

(Avive at a Cntadichen that b is a. un)

 LEMMA 3.7.4

Sttermentt

Let
Let R be a Eutidean ing .

J&en evey
elemertin R is eithe unt n Ko Con
be Waitten a he rocduct
a tinite number
Paime elernents in R

Given R s celidean in

To Prove
(O)
Ee
&vey
hoye
afoe R iA either a u t

noniaivicd acfoicdion

Hint A Jncluctiom on dla)

tAtb)
Basia atep dlay = dtr) = a is a uwiti R.

Tneuton stp Amnpion

y X # o e R AtAig
dx) < d(a), the atatement te
Jermma in Pue
PAoVA tha tho staimen b Ba r afoe R
 LEMMA 3.7.5

Le R be c
Eucliden ring.
ir SuPPwe
that ox a,b, c
eR, al|bc btab)-
Jhen alc

Given R is a Sudidean ing

For a,b,c eR , albe ard,b) =1.
To rove

Hin (a,b) = > Aa tb =1 (LemnA 3-7.1)|

=>Aac+ Hbc C

LEMMA 3:7.6.

I}7 s a Prime elementin the

Euclidean rirg K and 7|ab lohese a,b e R|
then divides atleast one a e ) b.

GTiven*R is a &didean ing

R i a Paime elemer in R
*7Aab abe R.

o hove 7 clivides alea ene a o b

Hant se LEMMA 3.7-5 7la Done)

7a ,a) =
 JHEOREM 3.7-2. (ONIGUE FAC ToRIZATIoN THEORE1)
Sttement
Le R be a Eutlicdean ning Cenc a#0,
non 2 u n i An R Supfose ho, a 7, n|
7, . 7imohe
Tand re Phime
clemens K. Then n=m
a ead ; ,Isign
an cusetiofe Aome 7 j m and
Convexte, Cak k an aricla of Aorme
Given Ri a Euclicdean iny

Fo a nun -unn a0 ¬ R

R.
ohee and nj e
Pairna elemenb
T fheve n=mn

) and 7j ane amotiafes w h

1in 1 j s m. nd Convereby

H in

u,

( Uae in ) . . . (PaoCeoo Ainidonly

 EMMA 3.7.7.

Stotemert
The idedA (a6) a maximaJ ideas

o th Euctidean
9ung R iff .is C

PAime elermeot K.
GTiven R i c Sucdidecm ns
A s an icleal R (A (a) )

the Heat PaF

To Pove
is a maxina
If + icleal A (a)

idea R, then Gis a Paime 2emert R .

stabamant
Hant Prove tha ContYapoitive

H is not a xime elermart 2

)
Cve Q.
a mcxima
s nst
+han th ideal A (a)
idea R.
ACBCR
Shouw that,
A B nd B R.

e Pao by CrnhadiHon)

Tak G.-bC B-(b).

 To PAove tho Cmveme Pot;

It
I+ a u PAime elert R, an
ce
e
isa maxinna ideal .
ttdea A (%)

Shes Hat, ACUCR

A 2
oT) U= R.

U= ( s ) 4, e U
Let

Aume that Psum that

u a a non-untin R A. is a
unit in R.

she that A-U. y Mas that U=R.

Ty
ee Acullveady thae) eR(aeaey thaa)
UCA RCU
(Ue) Uoe A r eR =>7eU.

Co A = G

ACU) U