0 8 1o2020

Kecipvocal Space-
i m ension5 L

Asso ciat*y wave veehoy to C s a stvudure.

How we ereset Re cipvoca Space
beter undesatanding am
on Cr yst aly
epYes
epresn ted unit vectovs

Unit Veetovs , a ,42

e Space

Reaipo ca s pace consists o unt vutoy s

veutoyS

Suun as

a , x ag
V

ax a

oAC A a
IblAt0Dac)
AloacsD

b oD

d, = o (lay vedovrs)

= 1 i

ay OD
(o) 1 =

lathice
Notahion, toy Recipo cal

h b t k b, i Ab,
Hh
he plane that has miller indicey (ue
is a r to
 (hRt)

hhl

A
intercepds alonq a, 42
re OA =
h

Veto Swm

OA+ A
a Real aie Veckors.
AB >

hLAB =h b ) . (

AB

S lay to AB

Sim larly we Coun prove hat

hRayto B AC
 lav to plahe (hk1).

t
Vecoy al ong Hhnt=

dist w ovigin A hk plane

h
hR

tnudent
ditraeted
0/1 2020
WayeA
ave,

A nTerplayna
spocingd Crystal
6A AC addihonol di'st tvaveleel prioc uny
b wave.

o6 0A tos0

AC
A6 d sin 9
AC Path cudtwence
BA
 Tot Path 2sin
oi&tente

hoy tons tuctiveitt fe 1 ,

nultle
actth olié idyal
Lau"
bvagj's
lo
n A 2sin

Jove
V e s o r s 5

XDfAaetion inReuprtal SPa

Keod $pace tBn

0-0vigin
t
A pait94, Yas C
ompulsovy ívdeqees

-
Eo00p

A
OA

-(3-). OA
 fer pathd
phase diH= 2T
A
phase dih 27T (3-) o

21 OA

LKecipmiad lathice vetor

C03 14 hs una
has direum )

So hb t kb,t Ahs

ive o ladtice o
h, shoud be itegers
not, then we aarive non-lattie Pt 1
etipocal spate.
S are arbitrary
hk&.
no rasichion is Placeod on

hotb+ Ab mo may not end up on

Speiic eipvocal latite poit

. Phae. dia

- 2TT oA

T t Rq lr)
OY Constuetve ntedente,
Phuse dit
interderente,
i trgyalrnwhele of 2T
27 (hPt kq1 ) 1

Ar - shouwd be indeger
Pt Rg4

P.P,, Ye a veacl y ndegers,

h, k showd bt indegers
be a ecipw t cl
hbihbit kbt Ab>should
veetor
cuhce
1

y Cond for olitfrachion tor Respreca Spae

Waves can comc fom amy ohere.

No restichon on source wave

 o / 201o

bi t kb, b

Mbiesy poind

- eupocal
1othie poi
T
Out warel
06 B to be nboa vd
fov
point,
a tcipval l a h e

ouy ycle touche a re upvoraaltiee poiA

whenevey
the
the pornt is sahishirl by the con oliton
o

n he
tot will have 4Hrochon for that poil
Ktdpretal latie
vetey tawn vadius to
tha pt NtuhoY
arcde The
The
net touch an athie pt,
I f arle oloes
oCCune e on tno Poi
dit voction sn
hu's to 3- wgd
wt a Sphere
htn we
hen we extunel
touehes
fouehts a
a(ooh
thie
e
SuYfate
rOdius
6 Tadius
where
sahsfieol Condt for oliyoio
Pt w have
have a

h e sphere is hus calleol *twale Sphere

 mple ubic ine cipveol part)

a a ay

b a (ag xai)
(axaa) a Y
a '(x4)

a(g 3)
b a

a Cube Reciprot a Space

Simple tubic is also

(A)Fare (ued Cubic

5y Convvhon,
b
: 5) a,
) (-(A«3) 4
 bI )x( ( )
3)- )(
+3

b
(33-5

-+3)
46
takes he body (dhre in
b us

Necipvocol spote.
Stoyted b FCC Stry. nd up in Blc stru Yepot

spate.(3ust ov cu U.derstanding).
ody Ceutered Cubi
i ) 2

(4-3)
a(i-3) 4

+2)
5 )(a -5)
2 G+3)
2 2
 |b

b (1
a

a ()
15C atthice in Keol space 15

athice in Kecipwco-l space

Wiqmer- Sut Cul:

Its
Itsa Yecyo
yejen in Space thal i's
dloesT to
whice peit than
point fo any oThe
a
qiren
lathe poirt .

ighe
Sut
cell
Fov o
3D, Huis
3quarewil be, aCuwbe a Cuwoe
MoYe qneyal Wigner- Silq (ul Gs.ded qur

Brillouin Zone -
Billouiaone is he Niane-Seuta abe ut
attie oiat in dprotal spate.

hne
the Joy bisectoy tthe line joining the origin
+
Teupro co SPate to ny Yeupvetal lottie point
nGnllouin
one

6ragg plone
(8plancs)
in30

Consid er As
gin

Keapwal 6pate N-S Ceu

 Kecipnral lotf7(e

Keal lasti
(orisinal Moderials)
deuihBragj Plane

Seit
Yelu
/wrgne
tone

B r l louin
1
obtained

in Recipc sf gn spate

J" bllouin 3one r a vel

howm oriqin
star t
whtn we
the
Plants
Brasg Plan5
without
touching

lorosing) a t t x we rro
c oSsS
s

after we
s the region 2 Set of
of
Brilleuin 3one the 2
Set
2 2 not troys the
illo uin pne
Brasg Plaes.
a t y we 2
roS2

3Billewin 3one 's Tejien

S
3Brag5 ne
b not eroying
Bvag Plane

m Svag Plane > Cress (n-) Bragg Planes bt

nt Cro n m Brosa Plane

Plane
 1 2
/

1 1"S Bllouin Zone

2 )

3 3
4 4

Nimer-Set 3(ell toy Simple (ubi

billeuin 3jon fov Simple Cubi
N-3 cell hoy FCC is Brillouin one foy Bc
ound vite - Va
2/1ol202
Plants
bHlleuin lone bounca es dye 6yogf
Syog o n e

Se
A

DiRathon will otcuy

when Bragg plane

Sphwe
VecOy wdd
ouehts Theywave
together
end of theoris
mrgcd

ert
indep

It in velves d1tu
Plane,
a Brags
touches
Wave Vehov
when
When
Diffrachen oLuYS

ney Ra n

A,10m

Depictien oadbove pot wlin illoui 2one

 n

Keaipocal Spare Kyreuda

2T

AP
2
d

ATT
- 6T - 4m
a

Brag lanes Billouin 2ones

Atens"

havt band 4Ps

w
rtason wh
Tm's i5
2 / i e l e

periocu ti
Kecigo t atice-> Jnormalion ot poriotut
rtupv t al t
OCn

energs
energis
o. pd alowe d
k-vlutov
in Yecipwto spate at hat
In
w a Ves

lanes
become
Travelling wave S mes
m i e s

R vecoy
kveehoy
whee
ocetions

a DitthoM m s

a het nery N alues

axe ene

Nuue
allowed

ZoNE ScHEME
XTENDED
 le di ho hove any Conshait in Cho0Sh0uy
oylin
hus wC (an take ay he petud o, ldte train
Then we an ë jetRapotded n t S:h wnyd

Ne see thet we q e t the TCpetative oture

tore
of tone Scheme ahod the bollouan
first bilouin 30me
Then wt qd a Reduayed nllowin ! 3one) 3oe

Scheme

7
C

Rdut 2me schme

ot the positions of he
OCCuyS at one

bond
abeve the
in a bavd, we qt Feummesq
rerni Cner wehav q a , heni metal

We caun prdic i its a mtad, nonntfalsemiseuath,

220

V Vo

-b
A

Vo
O (a-)

to sove
solve
need lave
Wave
Equatio
we
is, Schvodlingev
Schvoingev

independet
+ime

va)= E YA)
+ V ( a+)
a)
2M

Nhen V=o

-h EY(a)
2m n
2m

+ Bsinka
) Coska

kBe
 p) V, yla) a)
2
1 2m (Vo - E)

cos k' sinp

2mVE)

) s Sinuseida

at a0,
o)=lo)- d )
do
d
od Wave should be same)
Walue & Slope
shouon by Bloch
Pe ioelicit Cond
) cos{e)
(a+a)= a )

Yylb)= eYa-b)

dl)
 dYbm eq n ,

6 = C1D

h'C k D
A iA6=
ilA-6)

em an G,
l-ik la-b)
TAB-+
Ae /8
De

- k'b

-ika .ae)6e = k'ce D

ot oe to zero
AHr fuking detei nut
Saluin fw ther,

Sin pla-) sin heb) +osplo- cosh b'b =s k

2b' 6

>(
 PrmVoE)
h
hoy auhev eg0, Eitheondy poornd er
Votr

omeqn, bear

RHS e(o,1) enly

those ohith kegP

b 1
n yauey COyYm ding ton Lws yalu

axt only oney alowed

tov biddn
HI othe tne qie are

barduth nergies
hs
has we have band-1 eneiey&

doreete enr evels

energ (evels
Bands are also a see t

1 22

Me eels selit as tey atowc Sela Yati

o
Peidy Camt dlosey doyes Aheir oiluds stat
merqe fanas C e-stt e at. Ao Pou s E'ntylt.
 fiqut is usng
Abeve
1STNDTn6 IPPROA TMM13 oN

IApau

beuqtd ses by ape'ying

Atowns
more
move presture (elusthical
bnagy bands
at lotations
Seny
cendductor

Nto
In suuloy

hin Dan
Conou

Vlentt band-

resue
Egband Gap2eV insuwatoy P<P
E 2eV
Seismedutov P>i
 Ovelagging bands

Valene ondn thon bands

over lape P2

ith Pressue. (laYqe changas)

Propeaties aso hanqe
qiAed
iqubedk ncn
Pnce
(1s) can he
be
theovchcally, M m
mteatla
llic
res dyes
atl 1ress
a

made
be
solidhied & Can
c an

o 1 M bas