0/02121 Hrstory &f Micsowave

Radar ww , MMIC

EM ThAy EM wave papaeion

1 3 > Jamas Clerk Maxwel
Lint EM endt

>Hein7 id Heafe>Erpesiments EM wave pro pagah

1231 13

#se band dnnahion

CHP Inaved Ligkt 1-a)s hages
LF SLF ULF LP MF HF VHF UHF stF p d ih ameeosm
FT ays

30oH2 3okh2 3MH 3cMH 30att2 A30T H

30okH 30MHe
3ch2 30o6H2

Micoave re band
LSx kua iligdes
2Glt2 aH2 4bhut

GtHa 4 laH2 12aHa 6hH2 o3TH2

 2
Wave guude
uch oave
i stushuTe ha quides uwnve as £ OOr

Auave geuidle a

r'h minmal loss af

Seund uove They enable a h2al to Psopgate
Fwo dumenson,
hiny er parion to oe ev
evgd by Yesfoichoy
-Seehon fos cmsmiti
hollow mekallic tube unform
c0ss
A
inner uwals of fh Fabe
Stusee si Ye Yafleehions vom
he
EM Wave

*Types Wavegide (&Gt)

Reclerqdar w u wal

Lnner ofaee
Cisulay Au A

Aedngular w6

2consish. 6 ur tonduehing pla

OY wall w hich ave bcaled as 2a

ase asumed
Thu Conduehong planus (axb) ab
to have nfmite condnhivi ly &
mecium he h conduut Finy phats is Lintar, homogensok, iso tsopic,
non- condu ehvg 4 charge free.
11. These exist Conueler inkrfees which ae btaled ak z:0, x -a, -0$(-E

IV.Tovyenhial Component d 6-field nobou ompoventH-held

avess h s conduetor inexrfoce
Vai'yhes

Ingenurd Ex4Er E
a h20 4 aca

bt-0,E = 0, Ha : 0
H Has+H +Ha a 02 eb

1 Er0, E2 =0, g 2o
1e/2/9
Mamwells eu foy he maok'um be!" th onoluchng pb
oich s ie, hamepeneow. isohropi, chaz fe, non- omdushit

x¬ -M -O VxHE C=o os non-Cooneohi-

mediu
V.D 0,(change foee madium (y0

V. E 2o L
. HH 2 o

(Homo forco malium) VH20 Ho mo ae nuo w medi uo }

A 20

TaXn
aKing ur b beth Sile in u" 0

(v.E) - v's : -4 xH)

Substituhng e & i above eu

E
>Vecto » wae equ"

Salonly 2H UE 2

EPandi wave eun

2 osder 4-0
H
Mt pao hal difeoenfial eu

f(a,}, 2; *) H (2,},2,f)
Ware nphasor o19 E= Re LEa,3.) e 1-R.[ee

22
Es Es
2 osder 3D

Hs wue Hs o paxhal iHeoenlhal e"

I nIn the CAe d awavt rogresr alon 2- Nisrchton in
uneundd mdium, then Waves indPemlent 4x& t nte
ese aare no boundar jes to mut albny z direetion
2. n tae wh here are ndueor boundaies ex isks albng
z4 diechiens, ve asmu he encat berg porer t alera tha
lexgfa ot fAe wG e, alorg2 - direehitn Cive here are bou ndaries
boundarie
ome alon a A ireehon, i s rof posile to absum pashal

Naniahion oaoy fieled

s tOmpoment wr 4 o be ero,

3. n thu Cap e ck une propseseiry ao 2- disuchon In an

unbounded , e wave variahon are ton cluded ooe

A w6propagahing2 dseehon

C. a , 2) = Es (,}) e

Es - Es, e
2

e wi Rir w a r e eu"s

4w ue
2nd ox der 2-D paahoul
O Hererhal e
 K

W H H2
Hr Hy t2

e 4H JweE
-

H H jweb

Hd sWE E2 -

Sim lasly o xE-Jwu

+Et -Jwu Ha_

+Er w Hy

E ju MH2 -6)

rom e4u H wA
jw wu E

wbshtuh o ) H in exu" O

Ha Ydta w weE
jwA

Er[jwe J w+ 2 H

-wue -y*j - Y jwn at

En Jw Ha
A
 -
jwt
Ha 2H

Yams verse planA

D4 is thoal plana which exis
noyna fo the diseeh on propagah'o
TEM Taans Yess Eleatomagrehic wve

Waves inide wo

TE mn Tmn
Eletksic unve TyarsYese mog nehc wave
Tyams YeYse
E-ed Wes enhsly in H-field ues entisely in u

L tranYerse plane an SVese plan

H uave (E2 =0,Ha 4o) E-wqves (H2 0 , Ea /o)

mhal
halwave vaiah'on alorg hu de dimunbion dd w
Smaller
 Modes The EM Wave i wG Can have an iaimute
number yaHerms &ose faden as ane Called modes

Deruimant mole Higusk wt dt lensta os le toest rea

wae

Eanple TED s the deri rant mede or TE in seeamgular e

wave

TED TE20 TEo TC 02

C
a

TM in wG
Reetagular w
# Psekgahen f whves

fo TM waVe H2 -0, E2 /0

wVe eu a TM wave

Le us anmumi a sol" oo E Xy x = pure fun" da

X 4Y are inde pendentvan iable

x2 2
¬2

rem eu" O
x y

2
y)= 0
2
3 +
pure tun" d*
Pure fan"d
L, - - 2 A
wure-A4-b are casl.2- - 2-A240
2= A24p
byu 8 ave ord ay ov des lerenhal eu
' . u Sol"
X = C, tos Dr 4C Sn b

C 3 cos Aj +Ca nA7

CC2 , , Ca qre C , wmeh Can be evalu ated by
apply beundary omed's,

E Cc tos Br+ C2 in ba] [a los Aa + q StnA -

bourdany Conds
Sinu u enhte Surfale hu rehrgular
b
WG acts a a hort crt 0 soun
te E- held, Ea2 »0 all alo
bounday walls the wG .

st Boun dary Cond ottom plm e er

wal!7
ba - 0 all alory he botom wall

.e, t2 - 0, al 20 > o b a

0[C, Ces bx 4 C2 in br C , this is tue for all >o b a

CCos brt C2 Anlbn~0.', C3 =0

oun day lond'|Lef t l e wall or plane

E2 =0 a : 0, > tob

YOm
rom equn sbshtutimg boundany CDnd
0 C C4 Sin A

2 C in bx C4
n A.

3rd boun davy dond) LTop plan

E2 20, a b a>0 o a
Subsh tuh n n e
an B San Ab
0 Ca C2
a'n Ab = ,n20, 1, 2

4 oundarz tond TAiglut side plane

t >oku b
E2 20, a a
O C2 Ca Sin Ba n At

Sn ba 0 0,1, 2

jwE
E2 CCinm Sin n) - e

C C2 Ca4, Propagahon alorg 2- reutron

Jw An woidd Variahon W.Y,fE,
e
foY TM wave
He -0 2 Ez s knbwn

jwt- K2
e A ) Cos ( ) x in e

n in()tos hAc
jwt-
Ha e)n( s )a e
- juwt
A 2

TM molus in ReekamzulaY wG
WG

Yanish
AM he held omfonen fs dTe
1M o0 ' m0 n 0

TMo m 0, n I >

TMo mal, ne o

TM M , n )>A h fouY held compohenks exst

all higher Valuu of men wilII have tie ld
1., TM 1 fer modes
or des ,

hat aye exist fo have hahes

Om poents

w dH feah a Wave guuda

2 24wue A24B =
(m + h )2
2
m)+ )2 - wUE
éA)2-w"ME= xt}e
wuE> s purey real mlan (B= 0

So uwhen - 0 psopoaehion does not takes plo2 thauh he w .

Cohem 0, B #0 propagahiôn akes place threwh

 is valid whick
foo Ibw rea's m ' )27> w'ue
where a
ind tates hat at law fre wa does nof allow propegaho.
am iniates
iyher fet" 4)12 wuEis valid
ha ho ua allows proPagahon a hiyh foa

The frealohich jut becons Dere, We

>w
Hsh pas filter
i.e, a wWc f- feVzo
or

Cu wave lengkh
.e +)*1
TEhe medium inhde he wG is ee space, c ue E
2

+)|
Ac>Popagahion is allowed to the wg.
.' ffe 0
t<fe 0 ASe not allo weed
 12)

Phwe vleily Vp
Gwoup Yeo uly Y w

Erpvari on plwoe *aoop Ydoaty

Exgression Ve-
A224wME A4 ) 2+/MT
2

o waYL pro pgakion, JP

A d. w M¬ =(n)*+)-
eu
e wE - HE
wu2 RE - wHE

p e (ww) Ae w wz

: Vp w w

HE

re spale
 Expre ssi on d Vg

Me (w2w)

w
2wle
2 Mt (w?-w)

Po e e spute,
for V c- (4e/t)= el-

qudd wave lery t ()

Assumiy W iled wih a nonmo/nahic 2

mudium = Ro, ¬ e ¬o ¬r

HoEo 1 -Ge/E)

I-48
 Re bet" . Ao & c

,VP>inidethe wa wih freq" &

wNe leng th

wos iled wi air

WG is Aled uwith oher maslium have g2E

o
Pov on magnetic mesum HHo l ee fo er

Yawrishion t A er jfexent TM odes

w& lled wih aif 2

TM
m-,alAc1 2ab
a24b
2ab
(mth2a-)
2.1M12, m1, n =
2, C2 2ab
44242
3.TMa, mz2, n Ar... 2ab

a>b
Is/0221
ropanhiom TE wwves in Reckangular
TE wnves, 2 0. Ha #0 in 4he direcbion pogolion
for =

TE wavey (HelmhetH2 ean)

Wave eu for
VHa -wME H2

2H22 H2 y H2 tu2¬ H2 - o

0 CPetial dfeoenhal eun

Let amuma aso1 Ha AY , X-pue fan" f a only

- 2
- A2
4A2fB2
Solving
Solving er x 4 Y by seperahien rvajable me hod

Ha Xy Ccosr t C2 An bx) (3 cas A t SinAt )-

boundany Core or H- hield

(H- Ha)xa J
 Jw
2

juASCc, Ba tg ina) -(3 StnA

+ tos Aa)]-
-

Ha

Apply in bounelary ond to Ex 4 Ey

hori20aBal walls f th
En is fanyen hiol to he

a > 0 toa (botom Wal)

Ea 20
+ao o a CFop wall)
a b
Veshcal toalls s he 0 61.
i s layn ha
to tho

0 o b (left shole wall)

(lefk sole wall)
>
a a20
i. 0 b (ngt syde wal
0 h
a

om boun dany lonl 0 , a z0,g A

m&n0, 1,2. . .

1
,Co 20, & B m

H2 Ca os ) x Cos(n7

En c)cos) x sin
jwt -2

Jut -

Ha- c. () s n * u s jt - V
tos(aah e
 TE mods in Reclanpular w

n 2 0
a Too m =0,

b. TE01 m 20,

by 0 Ha O, E 4 4 y exist

e. TEo m, n o
Ha erist.
Ee c0, a =0, Ey

d. TE
exist > we hasher ordkr
AM Hu field Com ponents wi modes,

omiand made Ttis thot mede for whe he ul e{ wave

lenga
a ma yau ov fe s lowes1.
( assumu

2 ab
ab
mb24na2

TEo1 co 2ab = 2b

TEo co 2ab 2
b

2 ab
TEI ACI TM
a2tb
TE)o > dominamt mol

Disperyon vel"

4w e +( Y 6EJ- wne]|
fo loss less dransmi ion