FOamal Chauge Chau acteustic of InduetiveElset

whom am atem o
haue lessb Inductive}Hectus displocemont o
with
Chavge Oubital)|etooavds nad
tVacont ahcbionuga
o Ro
moe bond lomomt weaR
(Fouma u apamanomt alloet and

1) Ha0 (faumal)4)
FOmaChage)It
Chag

8Hy (fomal) obron not

EDooton usill
et wl
change us adomua
notchon
bital
2)
(Wacant) It an additiveall
cuetuweoloct
eef.
is dill
e
3) paed,Causo afun
er2-enca un alecbonogauity
Nformal)6) vacant) I4 is distanco dapemdont lleet
H
p 5ormal) distaneo incduotiveRact
as

97umd
,
&lectronic
Dusplacamant ect a)
03
axdoy change

Peumare An Sy
b)
63
Inductiue(o-o)
sTempeHONy
Od276376
6 647S2 7S3
Inductomonic
Rosonamc

Pexcongugating
(T-n)
(n) Elhetiomaxiepes t biedailn

Inductuwe &ectnE C-29C-A ewithdHawing- (-I)

CL: HaCCH2CH2CHa C-3 C-B e donatng.(+
SS8+
( 8utans)
S+
o6S+ 6-locbHOTm
c2 HC CH2CH-CH, a Donalimg 6Lect-(tT)
twhen bondad pai et
shiltod a
(1-ChlaHO Butome) Luay om
any atom/ 9Houp Nt
whom a Covalemt bond us yomed b/uw C-H bond thun that guoup @n alem
atoms e
dikexent &lecbioag atwty the Shouas
e dongiing ect.
electuon deruity us mau tooawds the
(+7)
alecbnon donatimg gHoup
maw okcdyonadatye adorm o ho bond
Such a shittof elacbon -ve)chasaf Tausly-(+1)
vsults polah covalent bond
a
Bond polaxity leads to vaxfous elacbon Aley
0 Guop (Sigma Bonds of
-Ic ects in ougonie compownds C-HfC-D/c-T)
IsotopicEpect
Ahuthmg O O-e known
|1)
C -Ham)e density)CH<CDKCT
as Tnduotive fect. 2)CD (2gm) 8 Length CH co>C7
T (am)
3) 8 Strongth
;CTcD>CH
Examples ) -CH2 -NH
-O -0H
2)CC CH3
3)-CT3 -CO3 -CHg
CH3 CH3
3 2

+I SeHiJ
-CH2-NH
-ve chaHge)
O
3-2°-1 -
ee) Ccdo g
-c-co
-CH3

(Houp
ElectHon-ullithdnawing
(+I)
wuh espeat to
hum bonded paui of e axe dhifttdtowavds am
asom/ H0up

C-H bond than that proup/otom show tleobien-withduauoing eot.(9

a+ve) chae 14-NF3 -NR3 -ÑH3 ) -N0, (tuechagpd)
-I (
pactial
2 NO2 -CN -coOH Padinlychavped)
olectuonegatüurt
Hybaiaiatipn 3 FU BZ ORYOH >NH2 (6N)

SP Sp sp(e)N 4-CCH KO (215(Hybri)

Applicabennduciwe
1 Caxbocatien- (+)e
ect
donating gHoup

e withdrauing ioupPI
2
I
CaHbanion
(--
+Z +I
fe-withdyauwinggnops

Qustien

Y-T
R7Pg
3
(9)NH3 R)
F
I
(P) NO2
CH3 oCH3 O 9 PR I
- F
(P) (9) (R)

22
(P) (9) (R)
43
() -I-If-I (9)
-1
(R
K
(S)

RY S797P P9 RS
 Resomamce
Robimson yclo.

2Z C-csun'C=c134À 2 CC 1-39A
Kekuulat stuctiue 2 Benzeme
Redonatmg Abuctu 2 Rardonatung tybd
2 Hypcthatital 2 Aeal
han
LUhem popextes ol o compoumd Cam not be enplaum by o imgl 4luuchu
Uauous Jtutwes a
duuon Tmeso 4tuctwes aa kmbon as ason abng/
as
sbuctuxo 8 vteal moleculs us kmoon Hybruüd.
Canmonucal/ contubutmg
RA Point
Resonama s undH amoleculan pHocess
Mae stabls stuctuw contrubute maxe.
ductures art Hypothotcal and vosonatmg hybud au aal
Rebon atumg
Deso calizdtien of T-e u kmown 0 Resonamce.

Condition fa ResOn amce

must amd cotnuous.
AIl PT be paHalle
Al PT must be plamaH narly plan aH.

17 2 Ronana
x(me lbcals
ed
(46er)
(Pm) (defocalued)

49RASDnamu) 5? (Rosonamceb Resonoma)

(4Tedelocalied
(2neJocalsed (6ne deloco-)
( Prr)(toop)
(4re ocalsed) (6 Pn)(oopP)

17 MResonance)

4P) 4ne-dalocalised)
(Resonance) (Resononcevacan
ed)
(47TeDlocali,
67e-localied)
2 ne(3pn)
4 P)
10
(Rsolu)) (Reso(
(2ne) Reso()12

2
(67Te)
(27nedalocalsed)
P) (3Pm) (Loop) (Lo0p (Pn)
(LooP
Incase oamiln
137
(Sp2hybudusatien
noarlSp2 but
N
Reso(),e,3P RRso ()9me,3PT bemzyne amule
us

Sp3 Becawe oRoo

 6 )
Rosol)
6 ne
5 P
Robo

6Te
5 PT
Rbo(
(Loopant gne
Rebo ()
(fuwran)
prol) H Loop L0op Loop(6)7Pm

18
He(|9
Raso Resof209
5Pm
Reso

Loop16) 8 P CAOSS 67T e (Outende d) 5P

21 C-
Pm-dn)
u Roso (u22
80
Robo (
8-1s22822pL
Loop, 3 P, 27e

CRvaeand H LS 2s 2p2 A
d-Qtbitals
Ertemded CHOSS
whemow oeloctHOn us um enly whon ow of lectnonuh un
wingldiyerhien multiblo diyedtien
Leas Atable
Mou tab!

Tmpoutoamt Point

Hypothetica ect 22 Pewmanent ttecet

us dtahlisingphonomemon
34 enea vusonanc
we camt POulien o atom. Itunvolues only dlolocalusatio

4 In onamce,
chamgo
radicab/+ve charg
ofmeons pai-Vechogepa T- Stability
movablo
enery Jelbased
not fiod
Delocalisabien
stahility
edfivede-enoy oloased
Localis
5 Tnthamoleculan phomomomon
bo un Sam plame
un vOso namca must
6 Atoms @
In vwsonanco
arbital which patepato

pu p-oxbital pure /
d-oxbital a patiapatd (unhybrid
bitals
7
wm vwsonamco
nbutal rnowen paiepate
8 Hybrud
ae un natuwu while rosonaing
hypothstical
9 AL QJonatingstuetu
hybu'd is oal wm natuwu

mo conty buhon
Atable Bonabmg sbuuetuu willgiwe
10 M@
Oonating hybud
 Dxauwing o Rosonating sbucture

egunv alemt
2 +CH 2
CH2 CH 2 +CH2
(wdho) y(0dho)

lnaetiu
ating
+6CH2
(pana)
RA Point
(Hybid)
By onanca,e dunaihy deoraases

Hm Qrtho| Paua poitien

CH2
Hybud
49 CH2 CH2 CH2
OCH2

Achwahn9 J CH2

RA Point

Dus do Resoname, dømsity e- Ta Hybrud)

ad 0tho 8 pma positionunm Bemzene

59
NA2 NH2 +
NH2

6 c:0H OOH OH H OH

1)
Pybud)

6 6
 30
19 8 2 (1oR
Aduance 201S
T&&
2
90 7R S 100 (6 R-s

L19 124 3RS)

13
ERS) (Topylnum cahen)

Stability R:S
NON
Rulo 1RS. hauing Completn
actet us mow stable

Octet eg:CH-SCH3
inco mpltr
CH2 cH = CH FOumal
Octet

allynutal RS m@u atahlo tham ienic

us
Rul2|NeubialGemer

NH2 NH2

(neutnal (ienie)
Rul 3 veon mo &N RS hauing (-ve)en moo locbronogatuwe us

mor tab lo
NH 0 NH NH
(1) 2 06 (3)

choser to eoth othoy

Rug 0Ppasta Chauges RS hauin9 oppasite chaHgs

-HH -H
-H
m@He Atohl
OH OOH
H
1-5H273 (s)
(1) (2) (u)
(3)
 tabl
Rule S itsRule RS hauing maxe Benz ent u mor0

e
(L) (2)

Rule6 Inductiue8ect RS hauing al oetou sam9 , thon apply Induet

-iveelfect

(1 (2)
Resonamce Sect
ElactonDonating Heet (+R/+M) (-R-M)Elactnon w thdyau ing
ham
Pouo o heonus auayom amy tohem low of lectionus towaHds

otbm d gtoup hom that alom Houp to1ll amy group/adm thon that grouP/atbm

Shou efictnondonating tect. wilshow olecthon orthdhawing ghoup.

ve) chdwge 7 om duiectty 7Vacam(C,B,Vacamtd)

(+R/+M) Jon attochad odom -R/-M) (Obital
pain

(+R)
2)-NH2
+R)
3- CH ei)No2 2) N
-
(+R)

-NH-c- R)

-
RU
(Strongeat
CHa 5)-CH2-CH2 4)BH
3)-CH2
(+R) (NO Uso) (-R) (-R) (+R)(-R)
6) F (4R) 274
(27 (Robin h0od)
6 e (-R) C-OH
(-R)
(+R/-R)
Robun hood 8)-CH3 CH3
wham gwoup |atom shows both (tR)amd (-R (No g)-CHCHs
CH3
1o-NH3
Raso) (No Raso)
(No Raso)

eg-N =o -CH CH2 RA Point

-a,BH -T S-OR
qoHOups

aAet wll
uhich can show
Shouw
nt e
+R as well as -R

with dvauo ing

N=NH ecton
(-1) nubialsystem
egi--x
(halog en) ,

(-1) (-1)
 AMomaticity,
Compounds which PHoducos 0imgnatie Rumg Cuttamt un pas emco o Magnabic
old ao known as AMomatic Compounds

When compounds a HucklesRulo

UHomatie duo
toiens tham Poperties AvomaticAnti-Aromatic
Non Anomatic

that Conpound
that Gyclic Rebonane?
known as
(Rung uvwnt)
QuasiaNomatie 4n)
Te (4n+2)

No Te 23In),2.3 ,)2
10,19-re4,
Te 2,6,

Compounds which pHoduces Paxamag notic Rung Cwoumt u ptasemcg amagnatie

ildae known as Anti-Aromätie Compoumds

Sfabiit AHomatie Non-AHom atic Ant -

AHomatie

6e
2 Na) 3? A) 6Te
(AMomatic)

(NA) |6 (NA)

1 4me

(NA) 8
27Te
9
2Te

109
6Te
T @
67Te
12
Te
(8R)

3 47Te 144
67Te
15
A2/Te
QuasiaHomate
16 174 6ne
4Te @
Thikaund
0> 2Te-(NA a6me
197 @)6ne- 20 21

6ne-
o
67ne
229 23 2

0Te 6ne
6Te
25 A) 21
67Te

mor
Nocalised1

28 29 30
9ne
147e 8ne
(Annulone) Cycloocta
UTethaene NA) Ot af pland
mer-plana
MA)0ut of plana
(mo-planul)

*9 ung7 becomung AA,ham ut conu exd ütso0 umto NA Dy uaun

uth lezubility
Tn a ung,appl Huekle's Rul
singli
* Tn ca e-bond Co bond pesent than braok like --8fa
C=C,biak uch po so that allUumgs beromo Atomabie. h
Tn cass used vungs soloctdangest Joop &apply hueklos ule 8 Varget

ung/l6op doesn'thwe so naco, thom eladho doop hauing ingcuvvant

@HResename .
Arti
AHomaic Panamag neotic
* doesn+existat Hoom tempeHolue
Hghly unstable at 0om temp erati s0 that faums dumay

Toluon
5Pm (Entendad)
RingC
2RS
0 3RS O 6ne-(Delocalsed)
27e-(Loc alisec)
20H
(CrOs) Phonol- 5 RS
Spm
6Te(nelocalued) Rivg(v)'
2ne(Localsed)
Phemonido-2
2NH2
Ring (5-RS) Pa,1 SRs
8ne- (Delocalisecl)
one(Localis
ed)
Ringl)TO
4ne (Delocalis
ed) Ppidune 6 P 27e-(Localue
6ne-(Delocaliyed)
4 PTs Oping 2 RS

5Pm
Py ole
Te-(Delocalused) Rin gl)
6n e-(oelocaliy
5 RS
ed)
H
4Te-(Localscd)
 Hypecorugation(1932)
CH3
CH2CHs

(o]

Case I CaRbacaten
inding

l2)
H
CH3
-H73 2
CHa CH3

Hypeuconiugatuen
)
um Cobocatiem
7

Caxhen diuectly attached to cation u Kmoton a -C 8 Hydwogan

K-C s kmouon a -H
X

/ (LatH) (6H) (o or)

Tofa HS inuolving.C-H Bond -H|

Total HS -H+1

Co&e AIkenelAlkyne

CH2 CH3 2)
9 6) 7

HC
CH3 8) 9
CH3 (-C3
-H:5 5) S
 HpenceTyugatien un dokene
H H
HC-CH CH2 HC=CH-CH2 HOC =CH-CH2 H-=CH
H H H H

6H C CH CH2
6 ybrid)
fuind
fuincd Tota HS nuoluing C-H Bond un FolloingCompownd
H
10 9-
66
Aav 20 SH -
4H Bdh

H H Ben 2ylue
uperc.niuganen
HD-H P-H I1
um

. Bemzene
HDPca

Calbeo
Ous de Hypucony ugalien, e donsity 9 Hype +2
unbuasesat oP pasitien. o -Totdl 1 pen
Hupexconugotién loet
Peum anant et 8) tma
operdtas at oP pasihens Benzan
2)Hy pothobcal Contapt (HS) 9) -H,maxu (+tH) eet
notin
3)HC slctunvolue C-H6e 10)H)fut shoon
by -ccg(XJe€)
11)C-H CD C-7
1)
4)o eMOmti oly poubcipated un HC O0
un HC ffeeds e 4frong
5) HC let u uek cd than esonunce bcaus
bond a whulo un aboname
panticipalod 7 bond e a partiupotnd
Becausa C-H 'easy
Bond

R 7H7I do Be ak.

6)HC Hcct caplain Stahilih ot C

 Atom/utoup tR-R
)CH2 +R
2)-OH +R
-NH2 +R
4-CH2CH2 -cH
s)-NHCHs-N-GCH3 -I NR
9- -R
--0-CH3
-0
NH-CHs
-I R
0)-0-G-CH3
O
(-T) +R
9)-F/10)
1o)-Ca/1)-B
12-T13)-SHO+
14)-S-OK

16-NO02
15)-OR
n)-NO
-I
I
-B--1/-I
+R/tR/tR

-I
T
tR
+R
-R
-R
R
+R

+R8R
18-NMe3
20-CN
22)CH2
9-CH3
21)-BH2
23)
I +L
(Somuhme

+I
t1)

R
R R
24-PMe3 25)-CO0H -R R
26)CHO 27)-0 -I+I R +R)
20)-COC 29)-CONH2 I -I R R
80-CH CH2 31)
-I R tR
 CyckopHopame

ut us
Dut to high ongl tnoun
rog 60°
mast uMstable
O 2u.5 245

Bonds m
L
Cyclopape
sugma
hahawe
bonds

ike -bonds.
o yclopopam

ENGtyclopuopar H H

Du te Hiah 7.sun
C-H bond,ut bicom
60
H-C-H sT,
ENT

hu hly &N bond.

.t prDUides
Hesonamel.
shown by
vey h h
yclopopamo
,
amcing

(sigma
Resonmance
Mout stablising
Phanoman 9.

L
2 D
<
<D D
37
+
Ph- CH2

3
Dancing

Ohen vacamt bi 8) a prusent nmt|(A+3Damung

tal (c, Reso
toHeloprop ane thon sigmo 0s onanes e yddpop an Eno wn as 0aneag Riso

Brudt'sRule
H
AccaNdumg
o hs ul ung8, thon

plamanty (sp2)
Can't pasu bl
be at
budg canbon o bHidgo atem.
H
o1lR21o

Roal)
 4 5)

9)
Total HSS 3 R:S ()
CH Bond
involving
(notpassiblo

tHeat o Combustiem

Cmavgy ula aLrd @y emthalpy chamge dus to complote Combustion of l

mole
o
amic Compoumd with Complet aiO2)
(AHc CxHy+(244)O2 CO2 + /2H2O
L
HODC

RA
HoC
Point - HOC poH CH2
mo caubons stabilit
Atabilitu (R)Pra)

PR74)
2)
( (9) (R) (P)
(9P)
(9P9)
4)

(P) (9) (R) (6)

(P (R)
(Hoc S 7R 7g7P)(6757423)
(R 97P) (HoC poy CH2 P>9>R>S)
(345 76)
oHeat of Agdnogemanen (HOH)

whom L mole of H2 added to ums alturatod then emegy toloased an

w kmown as HOH.
embx/entholpy chamge

C c+H2 Hc-CH AH =-zKcal/mol

 RA Point
HOH M9 T-bornd
|HOH poH H2
atabilit Stabiliy

Colculabiem op HOH
1) #H dh gwen data ,yund dOBon anco eneHgy
H2
AH30-o KCal/mol

i) 22H2 H -50-0Kcal/mol

i
,
2) und

2H
tho

2usonanea

Ha
J
(HA)enpeehd =

btab!isatien

OH542R-6-3
60

RE (H)eep echd (H)ob4wed(R&-4

emwgy

AHH-28.6Kcal/mol

H4 y9.8Kcal/mol

Kcal/mol)
Col/mol

Kcal/mol

Benzene

R8 -28-6)x3t49
RE=-858+49 8
RE-36 kcal/mol
KCal/mol

1 2)

HOH RYP>9 HOH Pg

HOH / Pg>R HoH/ P9
3)

HoH ROP HOH R7Q>P

HOH/T 97P7R HOH/T PqR

hesonamc onu
UU
eleased/emgy d eunce b/o stoblRS
Cnovgy
amd hy bud w lm owñ as Rzs onanco stablusing
 RA Point
REX lactiv
eness of Rusonamc
<[oya)
2) 0m) O N
6xtemtemt RosonamC

) (e
Khachu

(P)
PR29
(0)

)
(R)

NH2 7
(Becau
OH

Nil
(
do mor
e eechue usononct
b
denahng
(Duut a 8A)A
A&N(0N> 3) outite
RS)
cq ,(Peya"P
aso um Benzema)

(Ring notAro ma
CHa 9 CH3 PhO Y8)
36qu (SRSon26qui Arom
Rs atie
9) They a somnd
 o Tntemg dliate
Stabiliy

Caxbocatie Canbamuen Radisal Pouam ag

(+)&DG 88
i0onicing
-)Ew +H+IJ
()+R,-R,
Tntic

+R+H, +IAroma -R,-I Hig hly

-Heily o Untable
i)Ribo +R,+H+I
 dpalicatien o SIR
(Roro)
tahility97P
2)
o
NMe2 NMe

R
Reo) 0ipde
Momunt>9P

NO2

N02
3 NO2

oo bend Lemgth
(C-N) U
(P70)

qHoup ize
AcidicStength Peuod &N.
RA Point
Acudic stungth o Ka L
PKa
HA H+A (CorugateBao)
1)SLR
i)H-Bondimg
Ka [H1[A KotCAJ
inCB oC8
stability
iü)Rabonanc CHA
H-bondung ot CB
iv)peconugaten ofAHomatuc pKa=- dog Ka
inAcid o EwG+R,+I

)
v)H-Bondug
vi)Tnducide
ae. d Qdtho Subhstitutod 8emzoic acids a
tR,+H+I EDO most acdic among us&mos (M,P)

1) HF HO HB
F C T57R9
2) CHy NH3 Ha0 HF OH DH QH OH

SR79P)
N02
3) H O
OH
H2S
HS
H (R79P) E) RNO2
(PRY97
(-T)
(PoM)

OH OH
OH

OH
H20 8) COoH Cooh

o
Ph-OH
OH o
CH CH3
5) CH3Co0H
2 eq
SOgH H20
-R)NO7
(Leq-
CRNO2
(2eg.)
CH3
2
e9) e)
(ey )

(9P>RYS) (g A>P7S)
 (Gy R P)
oCH3 (P9) ÇOOH CoOH
(PR9)
COoH
COOH COOH fooH

(P9R)
a)
Lo
(tH)
oro
12)OH

Ada: (PGR) (H-Bonding)

2016
O

13)CHs-C=CH HCECH CHCHa 4)CHgcoOH CHCHCOoH CHECCOo

$P
(9 PR) (Adv-2020) (Adv 2018) (9 RP)
CooH
IS)
Adv
2020(HOmate)
PhaC-H
Reso)
o CHy 16)
COOH

COÓH
H-bonding
HOOC (P4)
(Maleic acid) (Funvue acid)
(P>9R)S)

CoO CoOH ng
-CoOH
H-bonding
18) HCOoH Ph CoOH
AH-bondi Reso)
COOH Co0H (P9)
(Reso) (P>O) (x Reso)

Pxactical Qgomic Chemisty

U
HA B H B+A
stongacd weak acid

Souble uin NabH HA + NaOH

tho fawaHd NaA+H20
Hoacben ,HA must be AtH Ong eH tham H20
T onctisnmoves un fouoaHd aotisnthon HA s Souble in aq NaOH

Soluble un NaHC03z HA+ NaHC0g NA+ HCO3

faH 4auoand neben, HA mut be stronguH tham
H0 Co
CO2
NaHCO3
eactienmoves wn O aNd duiecien than HA
L BiskEexwe
Soublo u aq Na HC03

Ph-OH +0a0H Ph-oNa +H20

NaOH
QH

(Ogamic Solvent)
 3.0
Soubilihy8 Alkame< Alkene R-NH2 <R-8CH <H20
H 6-35 QH pH 15.7

<Ph-0H
9-95-10
NO2H2cog< O< NOz 2Rc00 H<
4
KS0gH
NO2
<HO OH ZInagamie oud
NO2
POM
Squaxie
acidHo o FoH (HCR H&, HNO3, H250y-) Porol
tho/Meta
 Basic Abiemg th od
(9)
U

edonatng tendomy
B H H
to am H
K CH8) pkbgb
CHJCBJ
R.A.Point
Qytho ubaituhd Bemzem
Bauic tmgth kb
Animp au Joast Badic among

PKb oth UBomoy (SolvationShoel

edenaity (localwed
&DO (+R +H +T)
&
8d(-R,-1)
EwH
Soluatisn eet(SIP)
NH2 CH2NHh

1)CHg-NH2 (CHa) NH (CHa)a N u)

[o) (G)PR)
(R0P) -H(Arem abic)
Ph-NH2 5)CHa-NH2 CH2NH CHENH
2)
H2
NH NH2
(P>g9R) (EN)
(Localised)
(P9R) NH2
3) FO Cge 8,
B R Prg
(Size] (PgR7S) N
H
 OH
1-763 6)

2 QH 7 O
COO

*When pH PKa hom, acid wll donate ib

Whaon Lcahion]=[anion]ham is kmoton as 201tFer 1on
atem
as ISoeloebue poin
whem Cahon)
*LwhemCahon max Luonman
anion thom pointuw
PRaPka
kmown

p la PkaPka)
2
9 NH2 NHB wn aquous SoluhOn

CODH CoOH NH2

RH
2 NH3 1 12

COOH COD n COD

2
23 2
3
Na
NH
COOH

CooH
)
2
1oKH

HOOC
CO0

COoH
3
12
UH2

C00H
)NH
COO
COo

HOoC COOH

1 CooD ONH
COD
12
Coo-2 Co0w
NH2

HO1OY Coo 2 CDOH Coo

HO

1200 NH2
COo
 et*tt*
Soluathen ect
Bauie bumg th of Amuna in Dater CH3-NH-CH3 CH3- N-CH3
CH3-NH2

-
cH3
H.
-o. Pg7R o 3°22°
H
0-H
CHa-N HOH H20 172*73° Solvahion hhoc Hbond

H H Net 412°>
1°3° Me
H
273°1° &+
ONth Subatiuted of Anilime 0 Ost Badicameng u womas (PlM).

NH3
o
NH2
H+.
O
Backo aHd
duo to JoastSo lvaton

NH2 NH2 NH2

9) Ph-NH2 Ph-NH-Me
+T)
Ph-NSMe),
Me t7)|),
0 (o
N02

(R4P) (PN02 (M) NO2

(P97R)
Me-N-Me Me-N-Me Me-N-Me
NHa
Me N Me
NO2 2)
NO2 NO2
N02 (47P)
No2
(P9)A) (STR aec) (Dato Bulkroup at N)
()
13) (sP)
N (SP) (SP
AHDA)
NH PygYP)
(Sp2)
Roso
H H H
(R)(dl) uho
hail R 7P)
1s)

NH2
N (Rao) R 2

H H (RY P7g)
 TautomeUm
desmolnopy
044cdN aten a migation am atom bond u kmoun as lauutomusn
30 OH 1)Diad -ohan migalion tokas plars
HaC--cH HsC-C CH2 bahoean boo aty
STPAototuoPH) H-CEN NA
(Catio
notoPH)) tokas
B-whan migyotien place
2)Tuad
OH betipean tHoD Cdormy
OH/H20 30 PH
HaCC CH2-C-CH3
(enol)
8)Spac g-whan miguatientakos placa
HoEI) Ho (O1 booewn mau than thus atom.
50 OH

HC-C-CHs CH2-CHa
H
nol Tautomrism
*Keto
Carbamon a emolade ion obtained
Ezist us dynamie equillbrium (awke)
RA TUGHAD
hemove the H ,sothat corjugote base willshow Kesononce wlth elacdonegalive
afom (0,N,S-)

9
(4)
T D

(4) 6)
T P
( (1| ) (7)(88 T
(3) H 3)
12)
3)
)H--H (X) ( (x)(o) 13)X
(6) (5)
O (3 T2)
3)H-H (3)(3) 13)10N
2H ()(5) (99 (a)

(6) (S) 9)
(5
(e) (4)
4 (x) (O)

lo) (2)
(x)
(x) (o) 15) FO ((o)
H
(3)
(4)
 Deubuium Enchamge
OD
OD/00
H3C-C-CH3
long tim DC =C02
1
SHim
HaC--CH CH3--CH0 C03--C03

3
Yaxm (-ve) & duauo RS, (3)

a
pMouido 'D'
at which (-ve)
pasent duum
Rabonam
3) (3) ( (H)

(1H-7D) (13H-160)

of kato
Stability &mol
0 OH

enol
Aldthyde Reto
(1120k3/mol)
(I1
60 K3/mol)

enayall Kado u m@ Stablo than emol

Kuo enol
OH
7.enolX aHomatuC emd

( (
99-97

1,2-dicorbony!(yclic)
(1007.
Kato)

Cl007.
enol)

1,3-di covwbonu
0
OH O
(767)