第2章 生命的基本單位

練 習

第 2.1 節

程度 1 (p. 2-38)
1 D

程度 2 (p. 2-38)
2 B

第 2.3 節

程度 1 (p. 2-38)
3 B 4 D

程度 2 (p. 2-38)
5 A 6 C

7 a 顯微照片上細胞的長度 (L) = 0.7 cm 1分

放大率 = 40
放大率 = 影像長度／物體長度
40 = 0.7 cm／細胞的實際長度
細胞的實際長度 = 0.0175 cm
= 175 μm 1分
b 首先，移動玻片直至細胞位於視野範圍的中央。 1分
然後，轉動物鏡轉換器，選用高倍物鏡。 1分
最後，只需轉動微調節器便可把標本清晰聚焦。 1分
c 他應選用 4X 物鏡。 1分
進行低倍檢視時，檢視到的葉的表皮範圍較大， 1分
結果亦會較準確。 1分
第 2.4 節

程度 1 (p. 2-39)
8 D 9 D

10 CE Bio 2008 I Q4c

程度 2 (p. 2-40)
11 D 12 B 13 A

14 粗糙內質網／核糖體。它參與蛋白質合成。／
線粒體。它把食物中的化學能轉化為細胞用於蛋白質合成的能量。 2分

15 AL Bio 2011 IA Q3a, b

16 這個細胞是真核細胞。 1分
由薄膜包圍的線粒體可見於電子顯微照片。 1分

17 a
/
標題 1分
繪圖的相似度 1分
標註：細胞壁／細胞膜／細胞核／細胞質／葉綠體（任何兩項） 1 分
×2
b 光學顯微鏡的放大率和解像度可能不足。 1分
c 細胞器 X 吸收光能以進行光合作用，把光能轉化為食物中的化學能。
1分
線粒體把食物中的化學能轉化為細胞可用的能量。 1分

18 a 把細胞染色可加強對比，使細胞構造變得清晰易見。 1分
b 肌肉細胞是長形的，白血細胞則是圓形的。 1分
白血細胞的細胞核較肌肉細胞的細胞核大。 1分
c i 細胞 Z 可能是肌肉細胞， 1分
它具有大量線粒體，以應付肌肉收縮的能量需求。 1分
細胞 Y 可能是白血細胞。 1分
 它具有大量粗糙內質網，以製造蛋白質，構成抗體。 1分
ii 同意。
根據上表，細胞 W 沒有線粒體和粗糙內質網兩種由薄膜包圍的細
胞器。
1分
細菌細胞是原核細胞，沒有由膜包圍的細胞器。 1分

19 相同之處：
兩者都由細胞膜包圍。／
兩者都有細胞核，內有 DNA。／
兩者都有細胞質。／
兩者都有粗糙內質網，是合成蛋白質的地方。／
兩者都有光滑內質網，是合成脂質的地方。／
兩者都有核糖體，參與蛋白質的合成。／
兩者都可能有液泡。（任何三項） 1分 ×3
相異之處：
植物細胞通常較動物細胞大。／
植物細胞的形狀相對較動物細胞規則。／
植物細胞有細胞壁，動物細胞則沒有細胞壁。／
綠色植物細胞有葉綠體，動物細胞則沒有葉綠體。／
植物細胞通常有中央大液泡，動物細胞則只有數個細小液泡，甚至沒有。
（任何四項）
1分 ×4
溝通 3分

程度 3 (p. 2-42)
20 A

21 a X：線粒體 1分
Y：粗糙內質網 1分
b 糖原是人體的能量儲備。 1分
c i 肝細胞需要大量能量，以維持頻繁的代謝活動。 1分
因此，它們需要大量的細胞器 X，以應付能量需求。 1分
 ii 細胞 Z 內細胞器 Y 的薄膜總表面積較大，代表細胞內細胞器 Y 較
多。
1分
細胞器 Y 是合成蛋白質的地方。大量的細胞器 Y 代表細胞 Z 可能
製造較多蛋白質。 1分

第 2.5 節

程度 3 (p. 2-42)
22 C
Ch 2 The cell as the basic unit of life

Exercise

Section 2.1
Level 1 (p. 2-38)
1 D

Level 2 (p. 2-38)

2 B

Section 2.3
Level 1 (p. 2-38)
3 B 4 D

Level 2 (p. 2-38)

5 A 6 C

7 a Length of the cell in the photomicrograph (L) = 0.7 cm 1

Magnification = 40
length of the image
Magnification =
length of the object

0.7 cm
40 =
actual length of the cell
Actual length of the cell = 0.0175 cm
= 175 μm 1
b Move the slide until the cell is located in the centre of the field of view. 1
Rotate the nosepiece to select an objective of higher magnification. 1
Focus by turning the fine adjustment knob. 1
c He should use a 4X objective. 1
At low-power observation, the area of the leaf epidermis observed is larger.
1
The results will be more accurate. 1
Section 2.4
Level 1 (p. 2-39)
8 C 9 D

10 CE Bio 2008 I Q4c

Level 2 (p. 2-40)

11 D 12 B 13 A

14 Rough endoplasmic reticulum / ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of

proteins. /
Mitochondria convert chemical energy in food into energy that the cell can use
for protein synthesis.
2

15 AL Bio 2011 IA Q3a, b

16 This cell is a eukaryotic cell. 1

Mitochondria, which are bounded by a double membrane, can be observed in the
electron micrograph. 1

17 a

Title 1
Resemblance of drawing 1
 Labels: cell wall / cell membrane / nucleus / cytoplasm / chloroplast (any 2)
1×2
b The magnification and resolution of the light microscope may be not high
enough.
1
c Organelle X captures light energy and converts it into the chemical energy
in food during photosynthesis. 1
Mitochondria convert the chemical energy in food into energy in usable
form. 1

18 a Staining cells can increase contrast so that cell structures can be observed
more clearly. 1
b Muscle cells are long in shape, while white blood cells are round in shape. 1
The size of the nucleus is larger relative to the cell size in the white blood
cell. 1
c i Z is likely to be the muscle cell. 1
It has a large amount of mitochondria to meet the energy requirement
of muscle contraction. 1
Y is likely to be the white blood cell. 1
It has a large amount of rough ER for producing antibodies which are
made up of proteins. 1
ii Yes, I agree.
According to the table, W contains no mitochondria and rough ER.
Both are membrane-bound organelles. 1
A bacterial cell, which is a prokaryotic cell, does not contain
membrane-bound organelles. 1

19 Similarities:
Both of them are enclosed by a cell membrane. /
Both of them have a nucleus that contains DNA. /
Both of them have cytoplasm. /
Both of them have rough ER which is a site for the synthesis of proteins. /
Both of them have smooth ER which is a site for the synthesis of lipids. /
Both of them have ribosomes which are involved in the synthesis of proteins. /
Both of them may have vacuoles. (any 3) 1×3
Differences:
 Plant cells are generally larger than animal cells. /
Plant cells generally have a more regular shape than animal cells. /
Plant cells have a cell wall but animal cells do not. /
Green plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells do not. /
Plant cells often have a large central vacuole but most animal cells have only a
few small vacuoles or do not have any vacuole. (any 4) 1×4
Communication 3

Level 3 (p. 2-42)

20 A

21 a X: mitochondrion 1
Y: rough endoplasmic reticulum 1
b Glycogen acts as an energy reserve in humans. 1
c i Liver cells have a high level of metabolic activities. A lot of energy is
required to support their activities. 1
They need a larger number of X to meet the energy requirement. 1
ii Cell Z has a larger total membrane surface area of organelle Y. This
means it has a larger amount of Y. 1
Y is the site for the synthesis of proteins. A larger amount of Y
indicates cell Z may produce more proteins. 1

Section 2.5
Level 1 (p. 2-42)
22 C