4

CORRELATION
Correlation is a statistical test that measures the strength and direction of relationship of the two
variables. (Example: height and weight)

Example: The teacher believes that there is a relation between the time of study of her students to
their performance in school. So, she used correlation test to prove if she is right or wrong.

1st – Formulating Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis (H0) = there is no correlation between the time of study of students to their class
performance.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) = there is a correlation between the time of study of students to their
class performance.

2nd - Data Collection

Student No. of Hours in School Performance
studying (x) (y)
A 7 86
B 5 82
C 8 88
D 6 87
E 7 86
F 5 80
G 7 87
H 6 84
In this case, the independent variable is the “No. of Hours Studying of Students” while the dependent
variable is their “School Performance”.

3rd - Completing the Data Table

Student x y xy x 2 y 2
A 7 86 602 49 7396
B 5 82 410 25 6724
C 8 88 704 64 7744
D 6 87 522 36 7569
E 7 86 602 49 7396
F 5 80 400 25 6400
G 7 87 609 49 7569
H 6 84 504 36 7056
Ʃ 51 680 4353 333 57854
 2
Ʃx Ʃy Ʃxy Ʃx Ʃy
2

51 680 4353 333 57854

r = (8) (4353) – (51) (680)

2
[(8) (333) – (51) ] [(8)(57854) 2– (680) ]

r= 34824 - 34680
[2664 – 2601][462832 – 462400]

What this value tells us?

r= 144
(63)(432)

r= 144
27216

r= 144
164.97

r = 0.87

∴ there is very strong positive correlation between the

number of hours of study of students with their class performance.

REGRESSION – used to predict the value of dependent variable with respect to independent
variable.

y’ = a + bx

Where:

Example: The teacher wants to know if there is a correlation between the class standings of
her students to the number of hours playing online games.

1st – Formulating Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis (H0) = there is no correlation between the length of time of playing online games to
students class standings.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) = there is a correlation between the length of time of playing online
games to students class standings.

2nd – Data Collection

No. of Hours Playing 8 5 6 4 0 1 5 7

Class Standings 79 83 82 83 89 86 82 80

Let’s try to plot it on a Scatter-Plot

 Based on the line, we can say that this example is an example
of negative correlation.

To find the regression, first complete the table below.

2
x y x xy
8 79 64 632
5 83 25 415
6 82 36 492
4 83 16 332
0 89 0 0
1 86 1 86
5 82 25 410
7 80 49 560
36 664 216 2927

Ʃx Ʃy Ʃx 2 Ʃxy
36 664 216 2927

a = (664)(216) – (36)(2927)
(8)(216) – (36)2
a = 88.08

b = 8(2927)-(36)(664)
8(216) – (36) )2
b = -1.13

Plug these values in (a & b) to y’ = a + bx

y’ = 88.08 – 1.13x

Activity: As a teacher, think of a classroom scenario that correlation and regression can be
used. Feel free to assign the values of your independent and dependent variables. Assume
that you only have 10 students. N = 10

RUBRICS
Performance Indicator Percentage
Accuracy 50%
Exclusivity 25%
Presentation of Data 25%
TOTAL 100%
Use the backside of this paper.