CE 252 Fluid Mechanics

Fall Semester, 2022

Naqibullah Sediqi
Sediqi.naqib2020@gmail.com

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 CE 252 Fluid Mechanics

September 2022 (class 5)

Announcements: Next lecture we are going to have a quiz

Agenda/Topics:
• Measurement of pressure
• Manometer

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 2.5 Measurement of pressure
Absolute pressure: Reference to absolute zero pressure
Gage pressure: Reference to local atmospheric pressure

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Cont’d…

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Cont’d…

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P𝑎 = 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑐 ≠ 𝑃𝑑 ≠ 𝑃𝑒 P𝑓 = 𝑃𝑔 = 𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝑖 ≠ 𝑃𝑗

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 2.6 Manometer
• A standard technique for measuring pressure involves the use of liquid columns in
vertical or inclined tubes.
• Pressure-measuring devices based on this technique are called manometers.
• The mercury barometer is an example of one type of manometer, but there are many
other configurations possible depending on the particular application.
• Three common types of manometers include the piezometer tube, the U-tube manometer,
and the inclined-tube manometer.

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 2.6.1 Piezometer Tube
in a fluid at rest pressure will increase as we move downward and will
decrease as we move upward.

Where 𝛾1 is the specific weight of the liquid in the

container. Note that since the tube is open at the top, the
pressure 𝑝0 can be set equal to zero (we are now using
gage pressure), with the height ℎ1

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 Cont’d…
• Piezometer is a simple and accurate pressure measuring device, it has
several disadvantages as well.
• It is suitable only if the pressure in the container is greater than
atmospheric pressure (otherwise air would be sucked into the system).
• Pressure to be measured must be relatively small so the required height
of the column is reasonable.
• Fluid must be in the container rather than a gas
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 2.6.2 U-Tube Manometer
• The fluid in the manometer is called the gage fluid.
• To find the pressure PA in terms of the various column heights,
we start at one end of the system and work our way around to
the other end, simply utilizing Eq. 2.8.
• If A does contain a gas, the contribution of the gas column,
𝛾1 ℎ1 is almost always negligible so that 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃2

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 Exercise

Find PA-PB?

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2.6.3 Inclined-Tube Manometer

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 Thanks!

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