CE 252 Fluid Mechanics

Fall Semester, 2022

Naqibullah Sediqi
Sediqi.naqib2020@gmail.com

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 CE 252 Fluid Mechanics

September 2022 (class 4)

Announcements:

Due:

Agenda/Topics:
• Pressure at a Point
• Basic Equation for Pressure Field
• Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

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Learning Objective
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:

 determine the pressure at various locations in a fluid at rest.

 explain the concept of manometers and apply appropriate equations to determine

pressures.

 calculate the hydrostatic pressure force on a plane or curved submerged surface.

 calculate the buoyant force and discuss the stability of floating or submerged objects.

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Pressure at a Point

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 Pressure at a Point
The angle θ was arbitrarily chosen so we can conclude that the
pressure at a point in a fluid at rest, or in motion, is independent of
direction as long as there are no shearing stresses present.

This important result is known as Pascal’s law, named in honor of Blaise Pascal
(1623–1662), a French mathematician who made important contributions in the
field of hydrostatics.

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2.2 Basic Equation for Pressure Field

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Cont’d…

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2.3 Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

Hydrostatic Equation

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2.3 Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest
• For liquids or gases at rest, the pressure gradient in the vertical direction
at any point in a fluid depends only on the specific weight of the fluid at
that point.
• This equation 2.4 and the figure in the margin indicate
that the pressure gradient in the vertical direction is
negative; that is, the pressure decreases as we move
upward in a fluid at rest.

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2.3.1 Incompressible Fluids
In general, a fluid with constant density is called an incompressible fluid

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Cont’d…
What does 10 psi mean?

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Hydraulic Jacks

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Extra Homework

Take the moment about point c,

then FB will be found easily,
then apply it to find F2

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2.3.2 Compressible Fluid

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2.4 Standard Atmosphere

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Cont’d…

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 Thanks!

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