Name: Muhammad Shaaf Partner: Alejandro Date: 10/14/22

Title: Periodic Trends

Purpose: To explore the reactivity trends of metals in groups and periods of the periodic table.

Materials: Test tubes, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc, Tin, Silicon, Graduated cylinder, water,
HCI, scale, dropper.

Procedure (Numbered):
Part 1
1. Watch the demonstration of the following demonstration of the following elements being placed in
water. Record your observations. a. Calcium b. Sodium c. Potassium lace a small piece of Magnesium in
a test tube and cover it with water. Record your observation

Part 2
1. Dump the water out of the test tube containing the Mg (from Part 1) but keep the Mg in the test
tube. 2. Obtain a small piece of Zinc and Tin. 3. Place each metal in a separate test tube. 4. Using
a dropper, add a small amount of HCl (approximately 2mL) to each test tube, just enough the
sample. 5. Record your observations in the data table.

Part 3
1. Determine the density of Silicon by finding its mass and volume. 2. Create your own data table below
and record your data.

Data and Analysis:

Part 1
Metal Group observation
Calcium 2 Bubbles, Fizzes up
Sodium 1 Fizzes up, sparks and smokes
Potassium 1 Sparks and smokes immediately
Magnesium 2 It fizzes
Part 2
Metal Group observation
Magnesium 2 More fizzing than water, still
slow
Zinc 12 Fizzes up, all bubbly
Tin 14 Nothing
Part 3
Metal Estimated Density Density (g/ml)
Silicon 2.0 g 1.2

Estimate of silicon’s density (g/ml): 1.2 g/ml

Discussion (Questions):
1. That metal reactivity increases down groups and decreases from left to right across periods
2. Metal reactivity increases down groups.
3. Metal reactivity decreases from left to right across periods

Conclusion:
Part 1: 1. Potassium
2. difference in stability of their electron configurations as atoms and as ions.

Part 2: 1. Zinc
2. Sn____Mg_____Zn_______Ca____Na_____k
Least reactive ---------------------------------Most reactive
Explanation: When tin was put in HCI it did next to nothing, while Magnesium Fizzed slowly, Zinc fizzed up
almost instantly and got very bubbly, Calcium fizzed up more than Zinc, Sodium sparked and smoked in the
water, and Potassium immediately started sparking and smoking
Part 3: 1. My result does support my original estimate because I estimated 2 g/ml and the result was 1.2 g/ml.