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Course Module

DC and AC Machines

Knowledge Area Code : BSEE

Course Code : EEDA 514
Course Module Code : CM-EEDA 514
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EEDA 514
Course Module
DC and AC Machines
First Edition, 2020

Copyright. Republic Act 8293 Section 176 provides that “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the
work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. “

Borrowed materials included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to reach and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The University and authors do not claim ownership over them.

Published by the Bataan Peninsula State University

President: Gregorio J. Rodis, PhD

Learning Module Development Team

Writers:

Roland S. Manalang
Mar. O Tapia
Frelie C. Poblete

Evaluators:

Dan William C. Martinez, ME Program Head

Greg C. Mallari, EE Program Head
Nelson S. Andres, CEA Dean

Quality Management Team:

Arlene I. Pascual
Focal Person, University Gender and Development

Cristina G. Rivera
Chair, Oversight Committee on Curriculum Development

Arlene D. Ibañez
Chair, Oversight Committee on Textbook and Instructional Materials

Jesselyn C. Mortejo, EdD

Director, Quality Assurance Office

Emmanuel C. Macaraeg, PhD, CESE

Vice President for Academic Affairs

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Netiquette Guide for Online Courses

It is important to recognize that the online classroom is in fact a classroom, and certain
behaviors are expected when you communicate with both your peers and your instructors.
These guidelines for online behavior and interaction are known as netiquette.

Security
Remember that your password is the only thing protecting you from pranks or more serious
harm.
• Don't share your password with anyone.
• Change your password if you think someone else might know it.
• Always log out when you are finished using the system.

Appearance
Bear in mind that you are attending a class, dress appropriately.

General Guidelines
When communicating online, you should always:
• Treat your instructor and classmates with respect in email or any other communication.
• Always use your professors’ proper title: Dr. or Prof., or if in doubt use Mr. or Ms.
• Unless specifically invited, don’t refer to your instructor by first name.
• Use clear and concise language.
• Remember that all college level communication should have correct spelling and grammar
(this includes discussion boards).
• Avoid slang terms such as “wassup?” and texting abbreviations such as “u” instead of
“you.”
• Use the prescribed font Palatino Linotype and use a size 10-point font.
• Avoid using the caps lock feature AS IT CAN BE INTERPRETTED AS YELLING.
• Limit and possibly avoid the use of emoticons like :) or J.
• Be cautious when using humor or sarcasm as tone is sometimes lost in an email or
discussion post and your message might be taken seriously or sound offensive.
• Be careful with personal information (both yours and other’s).
• Do not send confidential information via e-mail.

Email Netiquette
When you send an email to your instructor, teaching assistant, or classmates, you should:
• Use a descriptive subject line.
• Be brief.
• Avoid attachments unless you are sure your recipients can open them.
• Avoid HTML in favor of plain text.
• Sign your message with your name and return e-mail address.
• Think before you send the e-mail to more than one person. Does everyone really need to
see your message?
• Be sure you REALLY want everyone to receive your response when you click, “reply all.”
• Be sure that the message author intended for the information to be passed along before you
click the “forward” button.

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Netiquette Guide for Online Courses

Message Board Netiquette and Guidelines

When posting on the Discussion Board in your online class, you should:
• Make posts that are on topic and within the scope of the course material.
• Take your posts seriously and review and edit your posts before sending.
• Be as brief as possible while still making a thorough comment.
• Always give proper credit when referencing or quoting another source.
• Be sure to read all messages in a thread before replying.
• Don’t repeat someone else’s post without adding something of your own to it.
• Avoid short, generic replies such as, “I agree.” You should include why you agree or add
to the previous point.
• Always be respectful of others’ opinions even when they differ from your own.
• When you disagree with someone, you should express your differing opinion in a
respectful, non-critical way.
• Do not make personal or insulting remarks.
• Be open-minded.

(Source: http://teach.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/NetiquetteGuideforOnlineCourses.pdf)

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About the Faculty

Engr. Roland S. Manalang is a graduate of Holy Angel University (HAU), Angeles City with a
degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering. He completed his Master in Engineering
Management in Bataan Peninsula State University (BPSU), City of Balanga.
He is currently a fulltime instructor in BPSU since A.Y. 2016. He handles instructions for
various subjects under the Electrical Engineering knowledge area. Prior to entry in the
university, he was the Operations Manager for Global Cars (Group), N.V., Suriname, South
America. He also served as the After-Service Head for Ford Subic, under the Laus Group of
Companies. Engr. Manalang, also served as the Team Leader for Factory Automation Group,
Panasonic Industrial Asia (Philippine Branch).
Other backgrounds are in Laser Etching technology for microchip production and Surface
Mount Technology manufacturing industries where he served as a Solutions Engineer, Service
Engineer and training specialist for manufacturing engineers.

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Table of Contents
Course Module

Netiquette Guide for Online Courses ................................................................................... 2

About the Faculty .................................................................................................................... 4

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 5

Course Overview .................................................................................................................... 7

Learning Module 01

Module Overview ___________________________________________________ 10

Course Packet 01

DC Machines .......................................................................................................................... 16

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 16
Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 16
Learning Management System ............................................................................................ 17
Duration ................................................................................................................................. 17
Delivery Mode ....................................................................................................................... 17
Readings ................................................................................................................................. 17
Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Electromagnetism.................................................................................................................. 19
Fundamentals of Rotating Machines .................................................................................. 24
Parts of a dc Machine ............................................................................................................ 26

Simple Wire Loop in a Magnetic Field ............................................................................... 29

Power Flow in dc Machines ................................................................................................. 31
Sample Problems ................................................................................................................... 33
Activity Sheet 1 ...................................................................................................................... 36
Activity Sheet 2 ...................................................................................................................... 37

Course Packet 02

DC Generators ...................................................................................................................... 40

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 40

Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 40

Learning Management System ............................................................................................ 40

Duration ................................................................................................................................. 40

Delivery Mode ....................................................................................................................... 41

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Readings ................................................................................................................................. 41

DC Generators ....................................................................................................................... 42

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 42

Separately Excited DC Generator ....................................................................................... 44

Shunt Generator .................................................................................................................... 47

Series Generator .................................................................................................................... 48

Compound Generators ......................................................................................................... 49

Sample Problems ................................................................................................................... 50

Activity Sheet 3 ...................................................................................................................... 53

Activity Sheet 4 ...................................................................................................................... 54

Activity Sheet 5 ...................................................................................................................... 55

Course Packet 03

DC Motors .............................................................................................................................. 58

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 58

Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 58

Learning Management System ............................................................................................ 58

Duration ................................................................................................................................. 58

Delivery Mode ....................................................................................................................... 59

Readings ................................................................................................................................. 59

DC Motors .............................................................................................................................. 60
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 60
Shunt DC Motor .................................................................................................................... 61
Permanent Magnet DC Motor ............................................................................................. 62
Series DC Motor .................................................................................................................... 63
Compound DC Motors ......................................................................................................... 63
Sample Problems ................................................................................................................... 63
Activity Sheet 6 ...................................................................................................................... 66
Activity Sheet 7 ...................................................................................................................... 67

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Course Overview
Introduction

The Course deals with performance characteristics and operation including losses and
efficiencies of DC and AC machines such as alternators, induction/synchronous motors,
synchronous converters and transformers. It includes demonstrations and laboratory
experiments.
This course module consists of 3 learning modules (LM) under the following general
information LM01: DC Machinery, LM02: Synchronous Machines, and LM03: AC Machinery

Key Learning Competencies

Upon completion of the course, the learner is able to:

1. Explain the structure, operation and configurations of a DC rotating machines both in the
physical construction, and mathematical models using magnetic circuits analysis and
mathematics.
2. Explain the operation and characteristics of synchronous generators and synchronous
motors through the mathematical analysis and physical concepts.
3. Explain the operation and parts of ac machines namely induction motor, polyphase motor
and the transformer

Course Details:
Course Code: EEDA 514
Course Title: DC AND AC MACHINES
No. of Units: Lecture – 3 / Laboratory – 1
Classification: Laboratory based
Pre-requisite: Basic Electrical Engineering
First Semester/ AY2020
Schedule:
ME5A 8:00 AM – 9:00 AM Tuesday, Wednesday (NCEA9); 4:00 PM – 5:00 PM Thursday
(NCEA8)
ME5B 5:00 PM – 7:00 PM Thursday (NCEA8), 8:00 AM – 9:00 AM Friday (NCEA9)
ME5A 4:00 PM – 7:00 PM Friday (EELAB2)
ME5B 4:00 PM – 7:00 PM Tuesday (EELAB2)
Name of Faculty: Roland S. Manalang
Consultation:
Tuesday, Thursday 8:00 - 10:00 AM

Learning Management System

Schoology : #https://app.schoology.com/course/2580645198/updates#
SX6W-BT3W-2B7S2
Google Classroom: #https://classroom.google.com/c/MTEwNjM1NTk2NDky#

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Assessment with Rubrics

The following criteria and the corresponding points shall be used to assess every worded
problem in the quizzes, homework and term exam.

Criteria Description Points

Student is able to translate the thought of the problem into
Understanding circuit diagram or any visual drawing that signifies that the 5 points
student read and understood the problem.
Student is able to establish what is asked in the problem and the
Interpretation appropriate mathematical equation/formula to be used to solve 5 points
the problem.
Student is able to solve the problem using appropriate
Execution 15 points
mathematical strategies and have arrived at the correct answer
Total 25 points

Final Requirement with Rubrics

(Discuss the final requirement along with the corresponding rubrics.)

Grading System

The following grading system shall be used for the computation of the midterm and final marks
of the learners. Rounding-off of grades shall be done according to standard rounding-off rules
to the proper whole number.

Class Standing % Midterm % Final %

Quizzes 60% Class Standing 70 Class Standing 70
Laboratory Activity
40% Term Exam 30 Term Exam 30
Report
Final Rating
Total 100%
Final Rating = 50% Midterm Grade + 50% Final Term Grade

Course Policy
The following policies are to be observed and implemented inside the classroom
by both the Professor and Students.
• Attendance and punctuality must be strictly observed.
• Maintain respect and discipline.
• Active participation in the discussion through sharing of ideas and
experiences is encouraged.
• Observe tranquility so as to maintain an environment of focus learning.

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• Always check the shared folder/s for relevant readings.

• Be prompt in submitting reports and other requirements.

Learning Module: DC AND AC MACHINES 9

 Course
Packet
LM01-EEDA

514
Course
03
Packet
LM1-EEDA

3 514

Learning Module 01

DC Machinery
Course Packet 03

DC Motors

Knowledge Area Code : BSEE

Course Code : EEDA 514
Learning Module Code : LM-EEDA 514
Course Packet Code : LM01-EEDA 514-03

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 Course
Packet
LM01-EEDA

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Course Packet 03
Course Packet 3

DC Motors

Introduction

Modern life would certainly not be as easy as it is now without the use of motors. Even the
small dc motors play a big role in daily living.

Take for example the need for silent notification from your mobile phone. The vibration is
created by a small dc motor in the unit package with an unbalanced shaft.

Battery-powered toys like remote controlled cars have dc motors too. Grooming tools like
shavers and razors, also have dc motors.

Detailed topic list is provided as follows:

1. Motor action and operation

2. Separately Excited DC Motor
3. Shunt DC Motor
4. Series DC Motor

Objectives

Know the performance characteristics of different types of dc motors using mathematical

analysis and magnetic circuit analysis.
Specifically, other learning outcomes are listed herein for the individual topics.
Explain the principle of generating electricity and the generaot operation.
Describe the separately excited generator through magnetic circuit analysis.
Describe the shuntgenerator through magnetic circuit analysis.
Describe the series generator through magnetic circuit analysis.
Describe the compound generator through magnetic circuit analysis.

Learning Management System

#https://app.schoology.com/course/2580645198/materials?f=212401588#

Duration

The course packet DC Motors is expected to be completed within 9 hours inclusive of the
assessment. However, depending on the student, the actual time may vary. The time provided

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Packet
LM01-EEDA

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here are just for budgetary purposes and are provided as estimates.
Course Packet 3

Generator Principle 150 minutes

Separately Excited generator 150 minutes
Shunt Generator 150 minutes
Series Generator 60 minutes
Compound Generator 30 minutes

Delivery Mode

This learning packet is made available both in print and digital content form at the website
provided. It is written primarily as a Flexible (Online) learning instrument

Assessment with Rubrics

(Discuss the assessment tool to be used along with the corresponding rubrics.)

Requirement with Rubrics

(Discuss the requirement along with the corresponding rubrics.)

Readings

Chapman, Stephen J.,2012. Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 5th. 8. DC Motors.

pp.464-526. ISBN: 978-0-07-352954-7
Wildi, Theodore,2006. Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems, 6th. 5. Direct-
Current Motors. pp.96-130. ISBN: 0-13-196918-8

Learning Module: DC Machinery 59

 DC Motors
Introduction

The DC Motor is a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. This
is one machine that the modern world greatly depends on – motor in all its forms. This is the
subject matter for this course packet.
The previous lesson discussed dc generators which are the exact opposite of a dc
motor. That is in function. Construction wise, parts even the types – identical. Any dc generator
can be changed into a dc motor. The difference is power flow.
The input to a motor is electrical energy. After surpassing all the electrical losses, the
rotor starts to spin on its central axis. Rotor – armature, the term for the rotating part. The
mechanical losses come next and then finally the output, mechanical rotation on the shaft –
transmitted to some other item.
The equivalent circuit to dc motor is identical to the generator, with the difference of
VT as an input. The torque τ, as an output. The flow of current goes from the terminals into the
coils and then the armature. As the structure and general operation is identical, the motor also
develops induced torque to overcome the load torque. In this regard there is also generated
voltage EA.
All equations that apply to generators are used on motors too. However, instead of
voltage regulation, motors are compared by their speed regulation characteristic (SR).
𝜔𝑁𝐿 − 𝜔𝐹𝐿
𝑆𝑅 = 𝑥 100%
𝜔𝐹𝐿
𝜂𝑁𝐿 − 𝜂𝐹𝐿
𝑆𝑅 = 𝑥 100 %
𝜂𝑁𝐿
The speed regulation characteristic is a rough measure of the speed-torque of the
motor. Positive SR means the motors speed goes down as the load increases. Just what is
happening with a motor during operation? Study the power flow in the circuit of a separately
excited dc motor.

Figure 1 Equivalent circuit of a separately excited DC motor

To simplify the analysis, assume a constant voltage on both field and input terminals.
Let the adjustable resistance value be zero at this time and neglect brush drops.

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 Activity 6: Using the circuit given for a separately excited dc motor. Analyze the
machine given the following conditions:
1. When the input dc voltages are constant and adjustable resistance is zero, is the circuit
equivalent to a shunt motor? Yes/No?
2. What conditions remain constant with a constant dc voltage source?
3. What mechanism propels the rotor to move?
4. Derive the equations for IA, EA, Pdev and τout based on dc machines discussion and
generator knowledge.
5. What happens to the three parameters when IA is increased from no load to full load?
6. Show mathematically what happens to SR from no load to full load.
7. What happens to the machine when running at 150% of full load?

Shunt DC Motor

The shunt dc motor circuit is identical to the shunt dc generator circuit, as mentioned
the input is electrical at the voltage terminals. Put in an adjustable resistor in series with the
field and set to maximum value. Assume that at this maximum value of added resistance the
motor rotates at rated speed with full load.
Activity 2: Given the shunt motor with an adjustable resistor set at maximum operates
normally at full load conditions discuss what happens when R adj is reduced by 25% until it
becomes 0. Is there a mathematical proof of this phenomenon? Would it be better if the Radj
value was set to zero at full load normal conditions? Explain.
Besides the field resistance method, another way to control the speed in a shunt motor
is to change the applied voltage in the armature. A circuit is shown in figure xx how this can
be done.

This circuit is similar to a

separately excited dc motor. The source of
the shunt field and variable voltage source
is the same terminal voltage. The field
excitation remains constant. An increase
in VA will cause an increase in IA, causing
an increase induced torque. The changes
to torque also reflect an increase in ω. Figure 2 Shunt Motor Speed Control - Armature Voltage

Another speed control method is by limiting the armature current through the use of
an adjustable resistance in the armature. This method is least common due to the fact that the
losses in the inserted resistor are big.

Learning Module: DC Machinery 61

 Learner is advised to read the speed control for shunt motors in detail due to the fact
this control is very important to machine design and using standard motors for various
purposes. The safe operation of the dc motors in use will contribute to the overall performance
of the machine. Pay attention to the proper use of the field resistance and variable armature
voltage – they have different functional range for operating speeds.
Special attention to open field circuit. An open field circuit would cause a runaway
motor! That is actually a motor running at abnormally high speed. Results can be catastrophic
such as a exploded armature due to excess of centripetal force.

Permanent Magnet DC Motor

These motors have permanent magnets in supplying the flux instead of field windings.
The field does not require a voltage source as the magnets have flux on their own. These motors
can be as large as 10 hp to 100 hp. They are more common in fractional or sub-fractional power
dc motors due to their compact size. No field windings, less space. One drawback is that the
flux density is limited and could not be increased. Speed can be controlled by armature voltage
and armature resistance methods only. These motors are mostly found in toys and other
portable motorized gadgets.

Series DC Motor

“To turn the engine on you need an electric

motor that can provide lots of torque for a brief
period of time, on demand, over and over again.
That is exactly what the starter motor is, plus a
mechanism to allow it to engage and disengage
mechanically in an instant.
Charles Kettering invented the electric Figure 3Starter -Series DC Motor
starting in 1911 for use on the 1912 Cadillacs,
integrating an electric motor, generator, and spark ignition system, vastly modernizing cars of
the time. Vincent Bendix engineered a drive system that allowed the starter gears to engage or
disengage quickly and effectively, which is an important part of the starting system. The
generating and ignition functions would soon be divorced from the starter and get their own
dedicated systems, but ironically, many modern mild hybrids use an integrated
alternator/starter system once again. The pinion gear then turns the flywheel and the engine
starts. As soon as the engine starts (and you let go of the ignition key) the solenoid allows the
pinion gear to retract and disengage from the flywheel, preventing damage to the starter.”
-https://haynes.com/en-us/tips-tutorials/beginners-guide-what-starter-motor-and-what-does-it-
do

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 The series motor is a high torque machine. The torque and flux equations would show
the mathematical proof of the statement.
𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑘𝜙𝐼𝐴
But 𝐼𝐹 = 𝐼𝐴 and 𝜙 ∝ 𝐼𝐹 or 𝜙 = 𝑐 𝐼𝐴
Therefore 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑘𝑐𝐼𝐴2
Or simply stated the induced torque is proportional to the square of the armature current.
The equation for the speed of rotation of a motor is found as
𝑉𝑇 1 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝑆
𝜔𝑚 = −
√𝐾𝑐 √𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝑐
This also shows a dangerous situation for a motor. Notice that the equation involves a value of
the reciprocal of the square root of induced torque. What happens when there is no load? That
immediately become an infinite value. Yes, the speed as overspeed is an understatement. The
motor could break apart if started without a load. DO NOT START OR OPERATE A SERIES
MOTOR WITHOUT A LOAD. Do not even start a series motor with breakable materials such
as belt to couple it to the load.

Compound DC Motors

These are motors with both series and shunt field combined in one machine. Same as
compound dc generators. There are also two types, cumulatively compounded dc motors and
differentially compounded dc motors.
Cumulatively compounded dc motors have higher starting torque compared to shunt
dc motors but lower than a series motor. This type of motor does not runaway at no load. At
starting conditions, the series field has minimal effects. But at high loads, the series field
contributes much to the flux production and also to the speed.
Differentially compounded dc motors are practically useless as the machines are
impossible to start. The high torque can not be started at no load. The flux are in opposition
that the conditions does not allow it to operate.

Sample Problems
1. The shaft power of a shunt motor is 7.8 hp. It draws 50 A from 120 V
source. The field winding draws 1.2 A. What is the efficiency of the
motor?

(REE board October 1998)

Given: Pout = 7.8 hp IL = 50 A VT = 120 V IF = 1.2 A
Req’d: Eff’y
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 7.8 ℎ𝑝 𝑥 746 𝑊/ℎ𝑝
Solution: 𝜂= 𝑥 100 = 𝑥 100 = 96.98 %
𝑃𝑖𝑛 (120 𝑉)(50 𝐴)

2. A certain shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.05 ohm. It draws

50 A at a terminal voltage of 120 V. Assume other miscellaneous losses

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 at 1%. Determine the output horsepower of the motor. (REE board
October 1998)

Given: RA = 0.05 Ω IL = 50 A VT = 120 V Pmisc @ 1%

Req’d: Pout in hp
Sol’n: Pin = VTIL = (120 V) ( 50 A) = 6kW
PCu = Il2 RA = (50)2(0.05) = 125W
Pmisc = (0.01) Pin = (0.01)(6kW) = 60W
Pout = (6kW – 125W – 60W) / (746 W/hp) = 7.79 hp
3. The equivalent armature resistance of a series motor is 0.1 ohm. When connected
across a 110-V mains, the armature takes 20 A and its base speed is 1000 rpm.
Determine its speed when the armature takes 50 A from the same mains, with the
field increased by 10%.
Given: RA = 0.1 Ω @VT = 110V IA = 20 A η = 1000 rpm
IA2 = 50 A Φ2 = 1.1Φ1
Req’d: η2
Sol’n: Φ α IA in a series motor unless otherwise specified
E = k η Φ; E1 = k η1 Φ1 and E 2 = k η 2 Φ2
and Eb = VT - IARA therefore k η1 Φ1 = VT - IA1RA
equating the 2 conditions for proportionality constant k
𝑉𝑇 −𝑅𝐴 𝐼𝐴 𝑉𝑇 −𝑅𝐴 𝐼𝐴1 𝑉𝑇 −𝑅𝐴 𝐼𝐴2
𝑘= 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 =
𝜂𝜙 𝜂1 ∅1 𝜂2 (1.1 ∅1 )
(𝑉𝑇 −𝑅𝐴 𝐼𝐴2 )𝜂1 (110−(0.1)(50))(1000)
𝜂2 = = = 884 𝑟𝑝𝑚
1.1(𝑉𝑇 −𝑅𝐴 𝐼𝐴1 ) 1.1 ( 110−0.1(20))

4. The input and output powers of a 220 V, shunt motor are 30 and 28 kW
respectively. The field and armature resistances are 40 ohms and 0.0125
ohm respectively. Determine the efficiency of the motor if the output
power is reduced to 10kW.

Given: Pin = 30 kW Pout = 28 kW VT = 220V shunt motor

Rsh = 40 Ω RA = 0.0125 Ω
Req’d: Eff’y @ Pout = 10kW
30 𝑘𝑊 220 𝑉
Sol’n: @ Pin = 30 kW 𝐼𝐿 = = 136.36 𝐴 𝐼𝑠ℎ = = 5.5 𝐴
220 𝑉 40 Ω

Solve for Copper losses and Stray Losses

2
𝑃𝐶𝑢 = 𝐼𝐴2 𝑅𝐴 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ 𝑅𝑠ℎ = (136.36)2 (0.0125) + (5.5)2 (40) = 1.44 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑃𝐶𝑢 = 30 𝑘𝑊 − 28 𝑘𝑊 − 1.44 𝑘𝑊 = 560 𝑊
@ Pout = 10 kW; Pin and PA will vary as they are dependent on IA
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝐴 + 𝑃𝑠ℎ + 𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦
2
𝑉𝑇 (𝐼𝐴 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ ) = 10 𝑘𝑊 + 𝐼𝐴2 𝑅𝐴 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ 𝑅𝑠ℎ + 𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦
𝐼𝐴 = 55.23 𝐴
10 𝑘𝑊
𝐸𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑦 = 𝑥 100 = 74.85%
𝑉𝑇 (𝐼𝐴 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ )

Learning Module: DC Machinery 64

Learning Module: DC Machinery 65
 Activity Sheet 6
Activity 6: Using the circuit given for a separately excited dc motor. Analyze the
machine given the following conditions:
1. When the input dc voltages are constant and adjustable resistance is zero, is the
circuit equivalent to a shunt motor? Yes/No?
2. What conditions remain constant with a constant dc voltage source?
3. What mechanism propels the rotor to move?
4. Derive the equations for IA, EA, Pdev and τout based on dc machines discussion and
generator knowledge.
5. What happens to the three parameters when IA is increased from no load to full
load?
6. Show mathematically what happens to SR from no load to full load.
7. What happens to the machine when running at 150% of full load?

Learning Module: DC Machinery 66

 Activity Sheet 7

Activity 7: Given the shunt motor with an adjustable resistor set at maximum operates
normally at full load conditions discuss what happens when R adj is reduced by 25% until it
becomes 0. Is there a mathematical proof of this phenomenon? Would it be better if the R adj
value was set to zero at full load normal conditions? Explain.

Learning Module: DC Machinery 67

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Learner’s Feedback Form

Learner’s Feedback Form

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Course Packet : Code :LM01-EEDA 514-03

Title : DC Motors

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Learning Module 1

DC Machinery

Knowledge Area Code : BSEE

Course Code : EEDA 514
Learning Module Code : LM1-EEDA 514
 LM01-EEDA

514

Module Overview
Module Overview

Introduction

Electrical machines come in a wide array of assemblies and functions. It is these machines that
enable the modern man to complete much of the tasks he needs to accomplish to attain
progress. The basics of the machines can be studied through the simplest o

Topic#1: DC Machines

Topic#2: DC Generators

Topic#3: DC Motors

Learning Outcomes

Explain the structure, operation and configurations of a DC rotating machines both in the
physical construction, and mathematical models using magnetic circuits analysis and
mathematics.
Specifically:
1. Apply the laws of magnetism in dc machinery, their effects in the output of generators
and motors using mathematical modelling.
2. Know the performance characteristics of different types of dc generators using
mathematical analysis and magnetic circuit analysis.
3. Know the performance characteristics of different types of dc motors using
mathematical analysis and magnetic circuit analysis.

Minimum Technical Skills Requirement

The candidate learner should have completed the Basic Electrical Engineering course prior to
this module. Learner should have obtained the skills in electrical circuits analysis in both direct
current and alternating current. Furthermore, students in this

Learning Management System

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Duration

Learning Module: DC AND AC MACHINES 10

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This learning module is expected to be accomplished within the duration of 24 hours
Module Overview
covering 3 main topics under the DC Machinery. Although the mode of learning is that of
hybrid flexible with asynchronous activities, the time frame should be enough to gain a full
learning experience. Details of the expected learning task duration per topic are listed as
follows:

Topic#1: DC Machines 6 hours

Topic#2: DC Generators 9 hours

Topic#3: DC Motors 9 hours

Delivery Mode

This learning module was developed with flexible self-learning method as the primary mode
of delivery. However, to ensure timeliness and proper pacing, the module shall have
synchronous modes of delivery particularly during quiz or examinations. Discussion room
or forums are also made available for the online learning platform. Other modes of
communication such as email or sms are also available for the learner in case of connectivity
or resource issues.

Module Requirement with Rubrics

(Discuss the final requirement along with the corresponding rubric)

Learning Module: DC AND AC MACHINES 11