First week activity

Heba al khasswenh 2019507339

There are two main mechanisms of drug transport across the gastrointestinal
epithelium: transcellular (i.e. across the cells) and paracellular (i.e.
between the cells). Using mainly the text book, explain these
mechanisms. (maximum in two pages):

There are two mechanism of the drug transport across the gastrointestinal
epithelium:
1) Transcellular: across the cells
2) Paracelluar : between the cells

A) Simple passive diffusion

B) Carrier mediated
C) Membrane transporter process
D) Transcytosis

Passive diffusion

This is the preferred route of transport for relatively small lipophilic

molecules.
The drugs molecules pass across the lipoidal membrane via passive diffusion
from a region of high conc in the lumen to a region of lower conc in the blood .
Membrane transports: certain compounds and many nutrients are absorbed
transcellularly via membrane transporter .
The drug molecule or ion forms a complex with carrier /transporter in the
surface of apical cell membrane of the polarized enterocyte.
The drug carrier complex then moves across the membrane and liberates the
drug on the other side of the membrane.
The carrier (now free) returns to its initial position in the surface of the cell
membrane adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract to await the arrival of another
drug molecules or ion.

Membrane transport

Facilited transport Active transport

1) SLC : solute carrier such _ requires energy

as : amino acid +
_ against a conc gradient across
peptides + bile acid +
the cell membrane
neurotransmitters sand
vitamins _ amino acids + urea and glucose
2) ABC : ATP binding
cassette transporter

- Down the conc gradient

Paracellular pathway
The paracellular pathway differs from all the other absorption pathways as it is
the transport of materials in the aqueous pores between the cells rather than
across them. The cells are joined together via closely
fitting tight junctions on their apical side.
The paracellular route of absorption is important for the transport of ions such as
calcium ions and for the transport of sugars (e.g. mannitol), amino acids and
peptides at concentrations above the capacity of their carriers -
.