Introduction to Engineering Engineering

BSFE First Year - First Semester - Engineering turns those understandings into improved machines,
Midterms Examination - Reviewer notes
ENGINEERING AS A CAREER AND PROFESSION
Module 1 - Lesson 1
Engineering
● Considered to be one of the most challenging and exciting
career.
● Application of the principles of science and mathematics to
develop economical solutions
● Derived from the Latin ingenium, meaning “cleverness”
and ingeniare, meaning “to contrive, devise”.
The engineering profession
Engineering is the application of science to the common purpose of
life, knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study,
experience, and practice, is applied with judgment.
technologies, and processes.
- Design
- Build
Qualities of an Engineer
1. Curiosity - engineers are curious because they want to know how
things work.
2. Critical Thinking - Engineers need to analyze and evaluate
information to make objective judgments and recommendations.
3. Creativity - creativity often spurs innovation.
4. Effective Communication - Effective engineers understand that
clear, concise, written and verbal communication is the key to
giving their ideas life and their team a competitive edge.
5. Collaborative Spirit - to ensure integrated development.
Qualities of an Engineer
Engineers who remain curious throughout their lives, are those who
will continue to ease the way in which people navigate their world.

ABET - Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology Additional personality traits and work habits:
✔ Adept at using computers to model and analyze problems.
George Washington ✔ Have time management skills to work productively.
- Considered to be the first engineer in the United States. ✔ Have people skills to communicate effectively with people
- “Engineers turn dreams into reality.” ✔ Have a desire to be lifelong learners.
✔ Have a core knowledge that can be applied in other fields.
Neil Armstrong ✔ Successful engineers are problem solvers.
- Provided an excellent answer on the difference of Science and
Engineering Roles of Engineers
● The cotton towel was made by agricultural, industrial manufacturing
Science vs. Engineering
, chemical, petroleum, civil and mechanical engineers.
Science ● The water was made possible through the effort of chemical,
- Science is a quest for “truth for its own sake” mechanical, civil and petroleum engineers.
- The scientist seeks to know, the engineer aims to do. ● Mechanical engineers are those who designed heating,
- Understand air-conditioning and ventilating systems in your home.
- Describe ● The transport vehicles are made by automotive, mechanical,
- Explain electrical, electronics, industrial, electronics, chemical and
petroleum engineers.
 ● The foods were made through the collaborative effort of ✔ Engineering work is all around us. From jobs in related areas such as
engineering disciplines - from agricultural to mechanical, to food. supply chain and jobs in other industries such as finance and IT.

Impacts of Engineering on Society Engineering Affiliations

● Health
➔ Advances in medical technology are solely down to
engineers, and without it, doctors would not be able to
treat patients the way they do today
● Technology
➔ Engineers allowed us to build satellites and machines that
help us to understand the world and shape our lives.
● Communication
➔ The way we communicate has also vastly improved due to
engineering.
● Development
➔ Businesses work smarter and faster than ever before.
● Space
➔ The International Space Station is the largest and most
complex science undertaking ever.
● World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO)
● Federation of Engineering Institutions of Asia and the Pacific
(FEIAP)
● Philippine Technological Council (PTC)
The ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations (AFEO)
- A non-governmental body with members from the engineering
institutions and organizations of ASEAN countries.
Its main objectives are:
➔ To promote goodwill and mutual understanding
➔ To establish a ASEAN baseline standard for the
engineering profession
The future of Engineering

● The world has become more VUCA

Engineering Functions V- volatility
- Analysis U- uncertainty
- Designs C- complexity
- Production and Testing A- ambiguity.
- Research and Development ● The half life of knowledge is getting shorter each year. Amount of
- Sales knowledge doubles worldwide every four years yet our curricular
- Operations are fairly static.
- Construction ● Globalization is where economies become more interconnected
- Military but also becoming more uncertain. Businesses have no
- Entrepreneur boundaries. Competition knows no barriers. Talents are highly
- Teaching mobile.
- Consulting ● Global Warming and the resulting climate change has many
- Management severe consequences
● The Internet of Things is changing the way students study. It
✔ Engineering graduates have a broad range of career options, including empowers them to access information anywhere, anytime, and on
different kinds of engineering roles. any device.
 ● The Millennial Generation. A new generation of learners are
emerging who grew up on social media. They build networks,
communicate, share, collaborate, access information, and shape
personal experiences.
● The Rise of Smart Systems: Industry 4.0. The convergence of
technologies lay the foundation for an all-encompassing revolution
of smart systems in factories,
● Changing Citizen Dynamics: Rising active citizenry & appetite for
change drive governments
Engineering Accreditor
ABET can accredit engineering and technology programs. ABET
examines the credentials of the engineering program’s faculty, curricular
content, etc.
Why Engineering?
1. Job satisfaction - it is important to find a career you enjoy.
2. Variety of career opportunities - Neil Armstrong, Jimmy Carter,
and Alfred Hitchcock all started with an engineering education.
3. Challenging work - problems will be open-ended. There is no
single answer. You find a solution and persuade others that yours is
the best.
4. Financial Security - engineering graduates receive one of the
highest starting salary.
5. Intellectual development - it will develop your ability to think
logically and to solve problems.
6. Benefit Society - you can choose projects that benefit society.
7. Prestige - as a member of this profession, you will receive a high
amount of prestige.
8. Professional Environment - you will be treated with respect and
have some freedom in choosing your work.
9. Creativity thinking - the need for engineers to think creatively is
greater than ever before.
10. Technological and scientific discovery - it can help you
understand how things in the world work.
11. Work with passionate people - engineering takes teamwork and
collaboration. You’ll be surrounded by smart, inspiring people.
12. Make your mark on the word - Engineers are problem solvers.
Lesson 2
What is Food Engineering?
The Food Engineering Profession
● It is a professional field that applies principles of engineering,
science, and mathematics to food manufacturing.
● It is considered a multidisciplinary and narrow field.
● Application of engineering principles to the storage, processing and
distribution of food materials and their bio-products.
● It is a rapidly changing discipline which the main focus was on food
preservation and stabilization
Food Engineering is concerned with:
● Design
● Construction
● Installation
● Operation
● Control
What do Food Engineers do?
● They design and develop systems for production, distributing, and
storing food.
● They use their skills to design sustainable and environmentally
responsible food processes.
● They can contribute in various capacities of food chain.
● They are the people responsible for ensuring that store shelves are
nutritious and safe to eat and drink.
Difference between Food Engineers and other Food Related
Professionals
• Food scientists and food technologists focus on the study of food as a
science; food engineers focus more on the packaging technique,
processing, and food quality aspect of the supply chain.
● Food engineering is a vast field that encompasses everything from
machines used in the manufacturing plant to storage systems on
transport trucks.
 ● Practitioners are required to have a solid grounding in engineering, ● Physical properties characterization with emphasis on phase
as well as, have working knowledge of chemistry and food science transition in food systems
in general. ● Edible films and coating
● Pulsed electric field (PEF) food processing
History of Food Engineering ● Package sealing methods and integrity inspection
● Process automation
❖ It is based on long-established concepts and activities. ● Biological sensors and instrumentation
❖ In the 1950s, food engineering emerged as an academic discipline, ● Microbiological food safety related to processing and storage
when several U.S. ● Food product shelf life and quality\
❖ The BS Food Engineering (BSFE) Program started offering in 1996
and in 1999 it was transferred to the Schools of Foods and Job Titles
International Hospitality Management. ● Food engineer
❖ It was transferred back again to the CEAFA under the Chemical ● Process engineer
and Food Engineering Department in 2006. ● Bioprocess engineer
❖ Association of Food Engineering Students (AFES) was established ● Plant engineer
in the year 2014. ● Project engineer
● Product development engineer
● Research and development engineer
Challenges ● Food safety and quality engineer
● Plant manager
Sustainability. Scientists and engineers are experimenting in
● Apprentice researcher
different ways to create improved processes that reduce pollution,
● Engineering consultant
Popular Growth. Food engineers are required to address land and
● Food and process engineer
water scarcity to provide enough growth and food for undernourished
● Manufacturing plant manager
people.
● Process safety engineer
Human Health. Food engineers must work collaboratively with
professionals in other domains such as medicine, biochemistry, chemistry,
and consumerism.
Lesson 3
The Impacts of Engineering and Ethics
Researches in Food Engineering
(add infos)
Engineering Impacts
● Food-production systems for NASA missions
● Engineering gives shape to our world.
● Microencapsulation/Nanoencapsulation
● Engineers design, create, or modify nearly everything we touch,
● Emerging technologies in sterilization/pasteurization, including
wear, eat, see, and hear in our daily lives.
ohmic heating, pulsed electric fields, ultra-high pressure processing
● Their innovations and inventions fuel economic growth, fortify
● Interaction of electricity with biomaterials
national security, improve healthcare and safeguard the
● Aseptic processing and packaging characteristics
environment.
● Extrusion
● Scientists discover the world that exists; engineers create the world
that never was." - Theodore Von Karman, Aerospace Engineer

Positive Impacts
Civil engineers created structures and
roads that help countries become safe
and strong.
Genetic engineers produce more food
by developing ways to enlarge fruits,
vegetables, and other crops.
Genetic engineering will help us to
understand things like mutations in
genetics.
Machines that transport can make our
lives much simpler.
CFC’s as coolants: Chosen for their
excellent heat capacity.
Indoor water circulation and public
sewage systems: Solved a huge
problem, improved sanitary conditions
immensely.
Automobiles: Solved the
transportation problem.
Ethics in the Food Engineering Profession
Six Pillars of Character
- In 1992, Michael Josephson brought together a group of educators
to create the Six Pillars of Character
● Trustworthiness
Negative Impacts
Chemical weapons have caused
massive destruction.
Causes many problems in the clones,
and create birth defects.
Experiments in can be dangerous,
life-threatening, and have horrifying
consequences.
Several of the advancements made by
engineering effects on the environment,
as they cause pollution.
CFC caused destruction of the ozone
layer.
Caused extensive pollution of water
resources (underground water, lakes,
rivers even tap water).
High fatalities from accidents, pollution,
greenhouse effect.
➔ Quality of dependability and includes honesty,
integrity, loyalty, and promise-keeping.
● Respect
➔ Treating others in a manner to enhance their
dignity.
● Responsibility
➔ Comprises accountability, pursuit of excellence
and self-restraint.
● Justice and Fairness
➔ Be objective and impartial, do what is right,
pursuit of excellence.
● Caring
➔ When ethical decisions are made, the impact to
all concerned should be minimized.
● Civic Virtue
➔ Accepting appointments, give time and money to
social causes.
● Citizenship
➔ Obligation to community which extends beyond
self interest.
Ethics
● Ethics is not just Black and White, but predominantly gray from the
deciders point of view.
● Ethics is not a matter of majority vote but of private conscience.
● Loyalty causes ethical confusion.
➢ Client, employer, self, family, public - Who comes first?
➢ Protect Public Health or keep your job - Nerve Agent
➢ Disposal Engineer in Utah (Whistle Blower Laws)
➢ Loyalty to friend or to self?
➢ To take a job transfer or not - Family before employer?
Engineering Ethics
Fundamental Canons
Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall:
● Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
● Perform services only in areas of their competence.
● Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
 ● Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
● Avoid deceptive acts.
● Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully
so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the
profession.
Lesson 4
Design Thinking
Design Thinking
● It is a design methodology and iterative process that
provides a solution.
➔ It’s extremely useful in tackling complex problems by
understanding the human needs involved, by re-framing
the problem in human-centric ways, by creating many
ideas in brainstorming sessions, and by adopting a
hands-on approach in prototyping and testing.
● A design methodology
➔ Design Thinking is a design methodology and is more
creative and user-centered than traditional design
approaches.
● A creativity approach
➔ Design Thinking is a creative process based on the
building up of ideas.
● A used-centered approach
➔ Design Thinking is a more creative and user-centered
approach to problem solving than traditional design
methods. It is often used to explore and define business
problems and to define products and services. It combines
empathy for the context of a problem to analyze and fit
solutions to the context.
Phase or Stages of Design Thinking
1. Empathy - is crucial to a human-centered design process such as
Design Thinking, and empathy allows design thinkers to set aside
their own assumptions about the world in order to gain insight into
users and their needs.
Empathy vs. Sympathy
● Empathy is for the ability to understand other people’s
feelings. Empathy can also mean projecting our own
feelings.
● Sympathy refers to the ability to take part in someone
else’s feelings, mostly by feeling sorrowful about their
misfortune. Sympathy can also be used in relation to
opinions and taste.
2. Define the Problem - This is where you will analyze your
observations and synthesize them in order to define the core
problems.
3. Ideate - There are hundreds of Ideation techniques such as
Brainstorm, Brainwrite, Worst Possible Idea, and SCAMPER.
➢ Brainstorming is an activity that helps your organization
generate more innovative ideas.
4. Prototype - is an experimental phase, and the aim is to identify the
best possible solution for each of the problems identified during the
first three stages.
5. Test - is the final stage of the 5 stage-model, but in an iterative
process, the results generated during the testing phase are often
used to redefine one or more problems and inform the
understanding of the users, the conditions of use, how people think,
behave, and feel, and to empathize.
Non-Linear Approach
- Results from the testing phase may reveal some insights about
users, which in turn may lead to another brainstorming session
(Ideate) or the development of new prototypes (Prototype).
Core Attributes of Design Thinking
❖ Ambiguity - being comfortable when things are unclear or when
you don’t know the answer
❖ Collaborative - working together across disciplines
❖ Constructive - creating new ideas based on old ideas, which can
also be the most successful ideas
❖ Curiosity - being interested in things you don’t understand or
perceiving things with fresh eyes
❖ Empathy - seeing and understanding things from your customers’
point of view
 ❖ Holistic - looking at the bigger context for the customer
❖ Iterative - cyclical process where improvements are made to a
solution or idea regardless of the phase
❖ Non Judgemental - creating ideas with no judgment toward the idea
creator or the idea
❖ Open Mindset - embracing design thinking as an approach for any
problem regardless of industry or scope.
Characteristic of Design Thinker
● Focus on human values and needs. Have empathy for the people,
solicit user feedback, and use it in their designs.
● Make experimentation an integral part of the design process, are
active “doers”, and communicate through meaningful artifacts.
● Collaborate with people from various backgrounds and respect their
viewpoints; enable “breakthrough insights and solutions to emerge
from the diversity”.
● Can deal with wicked problems, are curious and optimistic, are
integrative (holistic) thinkers who look at the bigger context for the
customer.
● Are mindful of the overall Design Thinking process with respect to
goals and methods.
Design thinking
It is essentially a problem-solving approach specific to design. It is an
iterative process. It can help us redefine a problem in an attempt to identify
alternative strategies and solutions that might not be instantly apparent with
our initial level of understanding. It is often referred to as ‘outside the box
thinking’, as designers are attempting to develop new ways of thinking.
Clustering Technique Persona
Module 2
Steps to Data Clustering
The goal of using this framework is to make interpreting and analyzing data
easier, while visually mapping the significant relationships and interactions
between categories.
1. A - Activities - Includes actions with specific goals in mind, and the
processes performed to achieve them.
2. E - Environments - Details the context and characteristics of the
space where activities are being observed.
3. I - Interactions - Includes both interpersonal and person-artifact
interactions.
4. O - Objects - Catalogues the items within the environment and how
they are used.
5. U - Users - Includes the people within the environment that are
being observed.
Steps to Data Clustering
AEIOU can be used in-field as worksheets or be applied later to code data
collected from other ethnographic or observational methods, including notes,
photos, and interviews.
Advantages: good for recording observations and small details; creates a
visual map of activities; can assist in uncovering latent needs, workarounds
and unspoken behaviors.
Disadvantages: not good for recording macro-level social, political or
cultural conditions; does not include changes over time; focuses on users
and excludes other actors.
Persona
A persona is a fictional person with characteristics that are most
representative of a major user group “Inspire to innovate”. Helps the team
to focus on the users’ goals and needs. A persona is not based on any
specific person, but is an abstract representation of many people with similar
characteristics.
Why create a Persona?
Its purpose is to create a profile of the user which will serve as a reference
and inspiration throughout solution development.
Scenario vs. Persona
Scenario Is a short story of a target group of users questions, tasks, and
stories that bring users to life. It also represents the user's
social/demographic/cultural information, behavior, belief and philosophy,
pain points, motivation or intentions and needs. (Defines when, where, and
how the story of a persona takes place.
Persona is a general profile of a target group of users. Sketch or collect
images to communicate the imagined context. (Define who the story is all
about) while goals define what the persona wants or needs to fulfill.

Disclaimer: This is just a summary of lessons 1-4. We didn't add any

information from Google or any notes from us. Kapag hindi ito ang lumabas
sa exam, ikaw na lang ang lumabas HAHAAHHAAHAH

Good luck future engineers!! <<<33

By:
Lovely Megan Sebolino (LF jowa ulit pero si Drei lang dapat)
Kalvin Cosme Rancap (Bangus lang)