G.R. No.

L-34676 April 30, 1974

BENJAMIN T. LIGOT, petitioner,
vs.
ISMAEL MATHAY, Auditor General and JOSE V. VELASCO, Auditor, Congress of the Philippines, respondents.

TOPIC:

ARTICLE 6

SECTION 10. The salaries of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives shall be determined by law. No increase in
said compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the full term of all the Members of the Senate and the House of
Representatives approving such increase.

ARTICLE 9 – C

SECTION 11. Funds certified by the Commission as necessary to defray the expenses for holding regular and special elections,
plebiscites, initiatives, referenda, and recalls, shall be provided in the regular or special appropriations and, once approved, shall
be released automatically upon certification by the Chairman of the Commission.

FACTS:

Ligot served as a member of the House of Representatives of the Congress of the Philippines for three consecutive four-year
terms covering a twelve-year span from December 30, 1957 to December 30, 1969. During his second term in office (1961-
1965), RA 4134 “fixing the salaries of constitutional officials and certain other officials of the national government” was enacted
into law and under section 7 thereof took effect on July 1, 1964. The salaries of members of Congress (senators and
congressman) were increased under said Act from P7,200.00 to P32,000.00 per annum, but the Act expressly provided that said
increases “shall take effect in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.” Ligot’s term expired on December 30, 1969,
so he filed a claim for retirement under Commonwealth Act 186, section 12 (c) as amended by RA 4968 which provided for
retirement gratuity of any official or employee, appointive or elective, with a total of at least twenty years of service, the last
three years of which are continuous on the basis therein provided “in case of employees based on the highest rate received and
in case of elected officials on the rates of pay as provided by law.” HOR granted his petition however, Velasco, the then Congress
Auditor refused to so issue certification. The Auditor General then, Mathay, also disallowed the same. The thrust of Ligot’s
appeal is that his claim for retirement gratuity computed on the basis of the increased salary of P32,000.00 per annum for
members of Congress (which was not applied to him during his incumbency which ended December 30, 1969, while the Court
held in Philconsa vs. Mathay that such increases would become operative only for members of Congress elected to serve therein
commencing December 30, 1969) should not have been disallowed, because at the time of his retirement, the increased salary
for members of Congress “as provided by law” (under Republic Act 4134) was already P32,000.00 per annum.

ISSUE:

Whether or not petitioner is entitled to retirement using php 32k?

RULING:

No.

Under the law, the salaries of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives shall be determined by law. No increase in
said compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the full term of all the Members of the Senate and the House of
Representatives approving such increase.

In this case, to allow petitioner a retirement gratuity computed on the basis of P32,000.00 per annum would be a subtle way of
increasing his compensation during his term of office and of achieving indirectly what he could not obtain directly. Ligot’s claim
cannot be sustained as far as he and other members of Congress similarly situated whose term of office ended on December 30,
1969 are concerned for the simple reason that a retirement gratuity or benefit is a form of compensation within the purview of
the Constitutional provision limiting their compensation and “other emoluments” to their salary as provided by law. To grant
retirement gratuity to members of Congress whose terms expired on December 30, 1969 computed on the basis of an increased
salary of P32,000.00 per annum (which they were prohibited by the Constitution from receiving during their term of office)
would be to pay them prohibited emoluments which in effect increase the salary beyond that which they were permitted by the
Constitution to receive during their incumbency. As stressed by the Auditor-General in his decision in the similar case of
petitioner’s colleague, ex-Congressman Singson, “Such a scheme would contravene the Constitution for it would lead to the
same prohibited result by enabling administrative authorities to do indirectly what cannot be done directly.”