Which of the following substitute for paraffin wax can be used without Complete the following sentence: “Solutions

olutions of alum hematoxylin give the

dehydration and clearing: nucleus a ___________ color which swiftly turns _________ in the presence
a. Gelatin of an acid.
b. Both a. Light transparent red, blue B. Dark blue, red
c. Neither b. Pink, blue
d. Carbowax c. Light transparent blue, red
The correct answer is: Carbowax The correct answer is: Pink, blue

Useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas The B-5 fixative is usually utilized for:
a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1) a. Bone marrow smears
b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) b. Bone marrow biopsies
c. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) c. Glycogen fixation
d. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) d. Urgent biopsies
e. Actin The correct answer is: Bone marrow biopsies
The correct answer is: TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
This is the property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil-soluble dyes,
The coloring property of a dye is attributed to which particular group? regardless of the type of dye used, due to their essential lipid nature:
a. None a. Lipophilia
b. Auxochrome b. Hypochromia
c. Both c. Metachromasia
d. Chromophore d. Sudanophilia
The correct answer is: Chromophore The correct answer is: Sudanophilia

Which of the following is classified as a lead hematoxylin? Pathology blocks should be kept for a period of:
a. Carazzi Hematoxylin a. 10 years
b. Thomas Hematoxylin b. 2 years
c. Mallory’s PTAH c. 1 year only
d. Solcia Hematoxylin d. 24 hours
The correct answer is: Solcia Hematoxylin The correct answer is: 10 years

One of these is not necessary in the surgical pathology logbook: In the Pap stain, the OG-6 functions to stain:
a. Clinical and pathological diagnosis a. The nucleus of mature, superficial cells B. The cytoplasm of
b. Treatment to be done B. Names of the patient and requesting mature, superficial cells
physician C. Kind of specimen b. The cytoplasm of intermediate cells
The correct answer is: Treatment to be done B. Names of the patient and c. The nucleus of intermediate cells
requesting physician C. Kind of specimen The correct answer is: The nucleus of intermediate cells

All of the following are true concerning glacial acetic acid, except: Transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and mucinous ovarian tumors are
a. It solidifies at 30 C. usually positive for:
b. It fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins. a. Both
c. It is useful in the study of nuclear components of the cell. b. Neither
d. It causes tissues (especially those containing collagen) to swell. c. CK20
The correct answer is: It solidifies at 30 C. d. CK7
The correct answer is: Both
Which of the following hematoxylins is used for the study of
spermatogenesis? The Bowman’s capsule and the endothelial lining of blood vessels are both
a. Mallory’s PTAH composed of:
b. Weigert’s hematoxylin a. Simple squamous tissues
c. Copper hematoxylin b. Stratified squamous
d. Cole’s hematoxylin c. Simple cuboidal tissues
The correct answer is: Copper hematoxylin d. Transitional epithelium
The correct answer is: Simple squamous tissues
Which of the statements below is/are true for the picric acid?
a. Both A and C In order to have an effective knife, which one of the following hones is
b. All of the above recommended because it gives the best honing result?
c. They may be used as a decalcifying agent. a. Paddle strop
d. They may be used as a stain. B. They may be used as a fixative for b. Fine Carborundum
glycogen demonstration. c. Belgium yellow
No Answer Key d. Arkansas
The correct answer is: Belgium yellow
The best screening marker for lymphomas is:
a. Extremely high WBC ct. Which of the following may be used for preserving tissues intended for
b. CD3, CD4, CD8 electron microscopic studies?
c. LCA a. Any aldehyde fixative
d. CD15, CD30 b. Glutaraldehyde
e. CD19, CD20, CD23 c. Heidenhain’s SuSa
The correct answer is: LCA d. Formaldehyde
The correct answer is: Glutaraldehyde
This metallic fixative is generally indicated for preserving acid What alcohol fixative is recommended for preserving mucopolysaccharides
mucopolysaccharides: and nuclear proteins?
a. Chromate fixatives a. Newcomer’s fluid
b. Lead fixatives b. Methyl alcohol
c. Mercury fixatives c. Carnoy’s fluid
d. Any of the choices d. Osmium tetroxide
The correct answer is: Lead fixatives The correct answer is: Newcomer’s fluid

Most widely used to confirm the diagnosis of astrocytoma Excessive exposure to benzene may damage the bone marrow resulting in:
a. Actin a. Iron deficiency anemia
b. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) b. Aplastic anemia
c. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) c. Thalassemia
d. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1) d. Hemoglobinopathies
e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) The correct answer is: Aplastic anemia
The correct answer is: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
These are black granules formed by malarial parasites living inside RBCs and
The optimum working temperature for the cold microtome is: may be removed by alcoholic picric acid:
a. Between 10 to 15 C a. Hematoidin
b. Between -5 to -10 C b. Lipofuscin
c. Between -18 to -20 C c. Hemozoin
d. Between 5 to 10 C d. Hemosiderin
The correct answer is: Between -18 to -20 C The correct answer is: Hemozoin

Glacial acetic acid is mixed with many other fixing agents in order to: The diaphysis or shaft of the long bones is composed of:
a. Prevent swelling of cells a. Spongy bone
b. Dehydrate the tissues b. Cancellous bone
c. Prevent shrinking of cells c. Compact bone
d. Shorten the fixation time d. Hyaline cartilage
The correct answer is: Prevent shrinking of cells The correct answer is: Compact bone

The temperature of the paraffin oven used for impregnation is usually: For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to the laboratory:
a. 23 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium a. In Carnoy’s fixative
b. 2-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium b. Fresh and unfixed
c. 6-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium c. In saline
d. 6-10 C below the melting point of the impregnating medium d. In 10% formalin
e. 5-10 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium The correct answer is: Fresh and unfixed
The correct answer is: 2-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating
medium The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for cutting tissue (very thin
sections) at _______.
Identify from the list below the ones that may be used as fixative and a. 10 to 15 micra
dehydrating agent. 1. Acetone 2. Dioxane 3. Methanol 4. Tetrahydrofuran 5. b. 2.0 micra
Picric acid 6. Toluene c. 0.5 micra
a. 1,3, and 5 d. 4 to 6 micra
b. 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6 The correct answer is: 0.5 micra
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3 This is considered as the standard iron hematoxylin:
e. 2,4 and 6 a. Weigert’s
The correct answer is: 1 and 3 b. Verhöeff
c. Heidenhain’s
Impregnating medium recommended for histochemistry and enzymology d. Loyez
studies: The correct answer is: Weigert’s
a. Celloidin
b. Gelatin Melanomas and schwannomas always stain positive for:
c. Paraffin a. Vimentin
d. Plastic b. PSA
The correct answer is: Gelatin c. CEA
d. CK7
The mature, superficial cells in the Pap’s smear are recognized as having e. Desmin
which of these characteristics? The correct answer is: Vimentin
a. Round to oval shaped cytoplasm with large, vesicular nuclei
b. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei B. Polygonal, thin Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and are collectively known as:
cytoplasm with vesicular nuclei a. Aniline dyes
c. Tall columnar epithelial cells with cilia and basally oriented nuclei b. Natural dyes
The correct answer is: Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei B. c. Carminic dyes
Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with vesicular nuclei d. Carbonic dyes
The correct answer is: Aniline dyes
Every cell in the body has a structure or “suicide sac” within its cytoplasm Autopsy materials should be preserved as soon after death as possible. If this
called: cannot be done, the body should be placed in a refrigerator kept at:
a. Mitochondria a. 1C
b. Golgi bodies b. 10 C
c. Ribosomes c. 4C
d. Lysosome d. 8 C
The correct answer is: Lysosome The correct answer is: 4 C

The best general decalcifying agent is: Ringing is the process of sealing the margins of the coverslip. The reason/s
a. 5% formic acid for doing this process is/are:
b. 10% nitric acid a. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts
c. HCl b. All
d. Von Ebner’s fluid c. To immobilize the coverslip
The correct answer is: 5% formic acid d. To prevent sticking of the slides upon storage
The correct answer is: All
Which of the following fixatives may be used for the diagnosis of rabies?
a. Acetone All of the following will improve the fixation of tissues, except:
b. Any alcoholic fixative a. Mucus
c. Microwave fixation b. Agitation
d. Trichloroacetic acid c. Moderate heat
The correct answer is: Acetone d. Thinner slices of tissues
The correct answer is: Mucus
All of the following are considered as disadvantages of using formaldehyde,
except: What is the optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float
a. Fumes may cause sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, or excessive tissue cut from the microtome?
lacrimation. a. 37 C
b. Prolonged fixation may produce bleaching of the specimen and b. 30 C
loss of natural tissue colors. c. 50-56 C
c. Solutions may cause allergic dermatitis on prolonged contact. d. 45-50 C
d. It is extremely corrosive to metals. The correct answer is: 45-50 C
The correct answer is: It is extremely corrosive to metals.
Which of the following descriptions characterize a post-mortem clot? 1.
This is considered as the most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes: “Chicken fat” 2. “Currant jelly” 3. Rubbery consistency 4. Assumes the shape
a. Sudan Black of the blood vessel
b. Sudan III a. 1 and 4
c. Sudan IV b. 1,2,3,4
d. None of these c. 2 and 3
The correct answer is: Sudan Black d. 2 and 4
e. 1 and 3
Legionella pneumophilia is a Gram-positive organism which may be The correct answer is: 1,2,3,4
demonstrated with:
a. Both The following are all descriptions attributed to Carnoy’s fluid, except:
b. Modified Steiner Silver stain a. Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent
c. Dieterle method biopsies
d. None b. Used also to fix brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies
The correct answer is: Both c. Excellent fixative for glycogen
d. None of the above
If the clearing agent turned milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it, the e. The most rapid fixative
most probable reason is: The correct answer is: None of the above
a. Incomplete dehydration
b. Prolonged fixation All of the following are resinous media, except:
c. Delayed fixation a. Brun’s Fluid
d. Insufficient impregnation B. Prolonged dehydration b. Histomount
No Answer Key c. Clarite
d. Eukitt
All of the following are stains used for the demonstration of collagen, except: The correct answer is: Brun’s Fluid
a. Masson’s trichrome
b. Van Gieson’s stain For delicate tissues like embryos and animal tissues, it is recommended to
c. None of these start dehydrating with this concentration of ethanol:
d. Thomas Hematoxylin a. 45%
The correct answer is: None of these b. 15%
c. 30%
Paraformaldehyde crystalline precipitates may be removed through the use d. 65%
of: 1. 10% methanol 2. Picric acid 3. Filtration methods 4. 1% Alcoholic KOH e. 55%
a. 1,2,3,4 The correct answer is: 30%
b. 3 only
c. 2,4 The usual length of the biconcave knife is:
d. 1,3 a. 25 mm.
The correct answer is: 1,3 b. 100 mm.
c. 75 mm.
d. 120 mm.
The correct answer is: 120 mm.
Recognized as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation Human brains require longer fixation time, which usually is:
a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) a. One year
b. Desmin b. Three months
c. Chromogranin c. 14 days
d. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA) d. 7 days
The correct answer is: Chromogranin The correct answer is: 14 days

The ideal time for a decalcification process to be completed is between: Useful in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma & Positive in certain
a. 30-60 mins. pancreatic and salivary gland tumors
b. 10-18 hrs. a. Actin
c. 24-48 hrs. b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
d. 3-5 days c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
The correct answer is: 24-48 hrs. d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
When wax has been reused, some water is mixed with it. In order to remove The correct answer is: PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
excess water, heat the wax to:
a. 150-160 C The 10% Formol-Saline is recommended for fixation of:
b. 20 C above its melting point a. Central nervous tissues
c. 80-90 C b. None
d. 100-105 C c. General post-mortem tissues
The correct answer is: 100-105 C d. Both
The correct answer is: Both
Which one of the following is considered as the gold standard for amyloid
demonstration? The most abundant protein in the body is:
a. Induced fluorescence staining with thioflavine a. Fibrinogen
b. Congo Red b. Albumin
c. Van Gieson’s c. Collagen
d. Metachromatic staining d. Globulin
e. Gram’s Iodine The correct answer is: Collagen
The correct answer is: Congo Red
What color of stool may a patient with biliary atresia produce?
Frozen section is employed for the following purposes, except: a. Yellow
a. Fat demonstration b. Red
b. Enzymes c. White
c. Rapid diagnosis d. Black
d. Amyloid The correct answer is: White
The correct answer is: Amyloid
The type of necrosis that occurs as a result of syphilis and tularemia:
EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of what infiltrating medium? a. Fat necrosis
a. Plastic b. Caseous necrosis
b. Gelatin c. Coagulation necrosis
c. Celloidin d. Liquefaction necrosis
d. Paraffin The correct answer is: Fat necrosis
The correct answer is: Plastic
The wax appears crytalline during trimming. What is the most probable
Highly specific for myogenic tumors, including leiomyoma (smooth muscle reason for this problem?
tumor) and rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal muscle tumor) a. Overheated paraffin oven
a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) b. Block not cooled rapidly enough B. Prolonged clearing
b. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA) c. Incomplete dehydration
c. Desmin d. Incomplete fixation
d. Chromogranin The correct answer is: Block not cooled rapidly enough B. Prolonged clearing
The correct answer is: Desmin
The medtech experienced difficulty in section cutting and the tissue appears
What does “CA” mean in CA-125? opaque. What is the probable reason for this problem?
a. Cercarial antigen a. Delayed fixation
b. Chromic acid b. Insufficient infiltration
c. Collagenous antigen c. Insufficient clearing
d. Cancer antigen d. Dirty knife
The correct answer is: Cancer antigen The correct answer is: Insufficient clearing

Which among the following techniques is considered as the most common Urine specimens for cytology should fulfill all the requirements given below,
method used for the demonstration of basement membrane, specifically the except:
glomerular basement membrane of the kidney? a. For females, specimen should have been voided D. For males,
a. Feulgen technique specimen should have been voided
b. Periodic Acid-Schiff Technique D. Papanicolaou Staining Technique b. Specimen should be second urine
c. Krajian’s technique c. At least 50 mL
The correct answer is: Periodic Acid-Schiff Technique D. Papanicolaou The correct answer is: For females, specimen should have been voided D. For
Staining Technique males, specimen should have been voided
Smears and cell block of urine for cytological examination will show Along with red cells and leukocytes, this cell may also indicate that the
desquamated cells from the lining epithelium of the urinary tract which are: patient is currently menstruating:
a. Squamous cells a. Basal cells
b. Columnar cells b. Endocervical cells
c. Mucous cells c. Koilocyte
d. Transitional cells d. Endometrial cells
The correct answer is: Transitional cells The correct answer is: Endometrial cells

Smear prepared for cytologic examination from cut surfaces of lymph nodes Provides strong evidence of neural or neuroendocrine differentiation
can be obtained by: a. Desmin
a. Streaking b. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
b. Spreading c. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
c. Touch preparation d. Chromogranin
d. Pull apart The correct answer is: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
The correct answer is: Touch preparation
This is considered to be the most rapid fixative:
The white precipitates formed from prolonged standing of formaldehyde a. Methanol
especially at very low temperatures: b. Newcomer’s
a. Paraformaldehyde c. Acetone
b. Formic acid d. Carnoy’s
c. None of these The correct answer is: Carnoy’s
d. Acid formaldehyde hematin
The correct answer is: Paraformaldehyde This agent is used for infiltrating tissues intended for electron microscopy:
a. Gelatin
It is a procedure whereby calcium or lime salts are removed from certain b. Plastic
tissues (most especially bones and teeth) following fixation: c. Paraffin
a. Impregnation d. Celloidin
b. Dealcoholization The correct answer is: Plastic
c. Decalcification
d. Dehydration The optimum temperature for microwave fixation is:
The correct answer is: Decalcification a. 25-35 C
b. 45-55 C
Which metallic fixative is recommended for tumor biopsies especially of the c. 65-75 C
skin? d. 85-95 C
a. B-5 fixative The correct answer is: 45-55 C
b. Zenker-Formol
c. Helly’s solution The formalin pigments formed from the combination of formic acid and
d. Heidenhain’s SuSa hemoglobin may be removed from the tissues by:
The correct answer is: Heidenhain’s SuSa a. Adding phosphate buffer
b. Adding glacial acetic acid
In the routine H and E method: c. Applying alcoholic picric acid
a. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is blue B. The nucleus and the d. Applying sodium thiosulfate
cytoplasm are pale pink C. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale The correct answer is: Applying alcoholic picric acid
pink
b. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue Used to identify tumors derived from smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle
No Answer Key plus erroneous format a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
b. Actin
One disadvantage of using osmium tetroxide fixatives is that they may cause: c. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
a. Either a or b d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
b. Neither a nor b e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
c. Conjunctivitis The correct answer is: Actin
d. Blindness
The correct answer is: Either a or b Using the microscope, the color of the acid formaldehyde hematin deposits
as they appear on tissues is:
Osmium tetroxide fixatives are contraindicated for H and E staining a. Brownish black
techniques because: b. Dark red
a. They inhibit the clearing agent to act properly. c. White
b. They inhibit formalin. d. Yellow
c. They inhibit the rehydrating agents. The correct answer is: Brownish black
d. They inhibit hematoxylin.
The correct answer is: They inhibit hematoxylin. Request forms for histopathologic analysis should be signed by:
a. The medical technologist
Failure of an organ to form an opening is termed as: b. The nurse-on-duty
a. Aplasia c. The patient’s physician
b. Agenesia d. The pathologist
c. Hypoplasia The correct answer is: The patient’s physician
d. Atresia
The correct answer is: Atresia
This is considered to be the most common type of necrosis usually observed It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally used for microscopic study of
in the myocardium, lungs, kidneys and the spleen: starch granules:
a. Fat necrosis a. Methylene blue
b. Gangrenous necrosis b. Orcein
c. Liquefaction necrosis c. Iodine
The correct answer is: Coagulation necrosis d. Malachite green
The correct answer is: Iodine
Air-filled lungs may float on fixative. To avoid this, the organ may be
a. Packed with cotton soaked in fixative. B. Covered with several What characteristic is shared by all of the following pathologic changes in
layers of gauze to maintain it under surface. connective tissues?
b. Washed out in running water overnight prior to fixation. a. They are all stained by Congo Red. B. They are all eosinophilic. C.
c. Immersed in absolute alcohol prior to fixation. They are all basophilic.
The correct answer is: Washed out in running water overnight prior to b. They are all found in diabetic patients.
fixation. The correct answer is: They are all found in diabetic patients.

The best stain for calcium is: Synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts & marker for choriocarcinoma
a. Von Kossa stain a. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
b. Prussian blue b. Actin
c. Congo stain c. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
d. Silver nitrate d. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
The correct answer is: Von Kossa stain e. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
The correct answer is: HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
The color of OG-6 staining solution is:
a. Dark purple to black B. Orange with a hint of green C. Olive green
with a hint of brown and red
b. None of these
The correct answer is: None of these

Formaldehyde is formed from the oxidation of:

a. Methanol
b. Methyl salicylate
c. Propanol
d. Ethanol
e. Isopropanol
The correct answer is: Methanol

The rate of penetration of formalin in tissues:

a. 2.5 mm/hr
b. 10 mm/hr
c. 1 mm/hr
d. 20 mm/hr
e. 3 mm/hr
The correct answer is: 1 mm/hr

Which of the following statements correctly describes the Lendrum’s

method? A method of making
a. soft tissues harder by allowing them to be washed out in running
water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in
4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.
b. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in aqueous
phenol overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in
absolute alcohol for 1 to 3 days.
c. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running
water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in
4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.
d. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running
water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in
4% aqueous phenol solution for 10 to 14 days.
e. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running
water overnight.
The correct answer is: hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out
in running water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in
4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.

Of the following commonly used methods of freezing, which one is

considered to be the most rapid?
a. Isopentane
b. Liquid nitrogen
c. Oxygen gas
d. Carbon dioxide gas
The correct answer is: Liquid nitrogen
Tumors are typically divided into two parts. Which part refers to the active Leukemia is the:
elements of the tumor? a. Malignant tumor of the adipose tissue
a. Parenchyma b. Malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic cells
b. Both c. Benign tumor of the bone
c. None of these d. Malignant tumor of the blood vessels
d. Stroma The correct answer is: Malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic cells
The correct answer is: Parenchyma
The “Father of Exfoliative Cytology” is:
The expected color of the stool of a patient suffering from biliary atresia is: a. None of these
a. Brown b. Giovanni Battista Morgagni
b. White c. Rudolf Virchow
c. Green d. George Papanicolaou
d. Black The correct answer is: George Papanicolaou
The correct answer is: White
Colliquative necrosis most frequently encountered in the:
Failure of an organ to form an opening is termed as: a. Lungs
a. Atresia b. Heart
b. Agenesia c. Brain
c. Hypoplasia d. Kidneys
d. Aplasia The correct answer is: Brain
The correct answer is: Atresia
It refers to the complete non-appearance of an organ:
The type of epithelial tissue found in the trachea is: a. Agenesia
a. Simple columnar b. Aplasia
b. Simple squamous c. Hypoplasia
c. Pseudostratified columnar (ciliated) d. Atresia
d. Stratified squamous The correct answer is: Agenesia
The correct answer is: Pseudostratified columnar (ciliated)
STATEMENT 1: Dry gangrene is frequently caused by arterial occlusion.
The “Father of Medicine” is: STATEMENT 2: Wet gangrene is the result of venous occlusion.
a. Rudolf Virchow a. Both statements are false.
b. Karl Landsteiner b. Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false.
c. Hippocrates c. Both statements are true.
d. George Papanicolaou d. Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true.
The correct answer is: Hippocrates The correct answer is: Both statements are true.

Liposarcoma is the: Liquefaction necrosis is otherwise called:

a. Benign tumor of the adipose tissue a. Fat necrosis
b. Benign tumor of the bone b. Colliquative necrosis
c. Malignant tumor of the fibrous tissue c. Coagulation necrosis
d. Malignant tumor of the adipose tissue d. Caseous necrosis
The correct answer is: Malignant tumor of the adipose tissue The correct answer is: Colliquative necrosis

Which of the following refers to the redness that one sees in an inflamed
tissue?
a. Rubor
b. Calor
c. Tumor
d. Dolor
The correct answer is: Rubor

“Pathos” in the term pathology means:

a. Suffering
b. Wound
c. Boils
d. Death
The correct answer is: Suffering

Exudative inflammation is also called:

a. None of these
b. Acute inflammation
c. Subchronic inflammation
d. Chronic inflammation
The correct answer is: Acute inflammation
Clearing is otherwise called as: Bisphenol A, glycerol, and cyclohexene dioxide are all examples of:
a. Dealcoholization a. Paraffin wax
b. Dehydration b. Clearing agent
c. Blocking c. Plastic impregnating media
d. Infiltration d. Fixatives
The correct answer is: Dealcoholization The correct answer is: Plastic impregnating media

Triethyl phosphate is used in the histopathology laboratory as: The most commonly used clearing agent is:
a. Dehydrating agent a. Aniline oil
b. None of these choices. b. Toluene
c. Fixative c. Xylene
d. Decalcifying agent d. Chloroform
The correct answer is: Dehydrating agent The correct answer is: Xylene

Which of the following is used for deparaffinization? All of these are bluing agents, except:
a. 70% alcohol a. Lithium carbonate
b. Xylene b. Ammonia water
c. Acetone c. Acid alcohol
d. 95% alcohol d. None of these
The correct answer is: Xylene The correct answer is: Acid alcohol

EA 50 is a polychrome stain composed of three stains which include all of the Hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate convert the Hematoxylin
following, except: into:
a. Hematoxylin a. Mercuric oxide
b. Eosin Y b. Stable hematein
c. Light Green SF c. A weak base
d. Bismarck Brown d. A weak acid
The correct answer is: Hematoxylin The correct answer is: Stable hematein

Select from the list below the recommended fixative for embryos and Select the true statement/s below.
pituitary biopsies. a. Glutaraldehyde can be used as a fixative for enzyme
a. B-5 fixative histochemistry.
b. Methanol b. Acetone can be used as a fixative for blood containing organs.
c. Brasil’s Alcoholic Picroformol c. Both of these statements.
d. Bouin’s Solution d. None of these statements.
The correct answer is: Bouin’s Solution The correct answer is: Glutaraldehyde can be used as a fixative for enzyme
histochemistry.
Carazzi hematoxylin uses this kind of mordant:
a. Alum Benzene is used in the histopathology laboratory as:
b. Tungsten a. Decalcifying agent
c. Iron b. Dehydrating agent
d. Lead c. Clearing agent
The correct answer is: Alum d. Fixative
The correct answer is: Clearing agent
Which of the following is considered as the best fixative for tissues containing
iron pigments? The best general decalcifying agent is the:
a. Formol-calcium a. Trichloroacetic acid
b. 5% formic acid b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Glutaraldehyde c. 5% formic acid
d. 10% buffered neutral formalin d. Nitric acid
The correct answer is: 10% buffered neutral formalin The correct answer is: 5% formic acid

The fixative used for blood smears is: Which of the following is the routine fixative of choice for tissue
a. Methanol photography?
b. Boric acid a. Lead fixative
c. Formalin b. Acetone
d. Ethanol c. Osmium tetroxide
The correct answer is: Methanol d. Mercuric chloride
The correct answer is: Mercuric chloride
What should be the temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue
cut from the microtome? All of the following fixatives are considered nuclear fixatives, except:
a. 30 C a. Orth’s fluid
b. 37 C b. Flemming’s solution
c. 45-50 C c. Heidenhain’s SuSa
d. 50-56 C d. Newcomer’s fluid
The correct answer is: 45-50 C The correct answer is: Orth’s fluid
The other name for Zenker-Formol is: Select the true statement/s below.
a. Ohlmacher’s fluid a. Both of these statements.
b. Helly’s solution b. None of these statements.
c. Schaudinn’s fluid c. Acrolein is classified as an aldehyde fixative.
d. Regaud’s fluid d. Schaudinn’s fluid is classified as a mercuric chloride fixative.
The correct answer is: Helly’s solution The correct answer is: Both of these statements.

Sectioning is otherwise called as: In routine tissue processing, the agent that follows the series of alcohols used
a. Blocking for dehydration is:
b. Impregnation a. Xylene
c. Casting b. Glutaraldehyde
d. Microtomy c. Saline
The correct answer is: Microtomy d. EDTA
The correct answer is: Xylene
Which of the following is used for cutting sections for electron microscopy?
a. Vibrotome The glacial acetic acid solidifies at:
b. Rocking microtome a. 4C
c. Ultrathin microtome b. 56 C
d. Freezing microtome c. 35 C
The correct answer is: Ultrathin microtome d. 17 C
The correct answer is: 17 C
Which of the following can be used as a decalcifying agent?
a. Trichloroacetic acid Which of the choices below is the correct REHYDRATION SEQUENCE of tissue
b. All of these choices sections before hematoxylin staining?
c. Formic acid a. Water…70% ethanol...80% ethanol...90% ethanol...95%
d. Picric acid ethanol...100% ethanol
The correct answer is: All of these choices b. Water…100% ethanol...95% ethanol...90% ethanol...80%
ethanol...water
The Calcium Oxalate Test is a way to measure: c. 100% ethanol…95% ethanol…80% ethanol…70% ethanol…water
a. The extent of dehydration d. Acetone…70% ethanol…80% ethanol…90% ethanol…95% ethanol
b. The extent of decalcification The correct answer is: 100% ethanol…95% ethanol…80% ethanol…70%
c. The acidity of a decalcifying agent ethanol…water
d. The extent of fixation
The correct answer is: The extent of decalcification It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally used for the microscopic study
of starch granules:
This is considered as the best general decalcifying agent: a. Methylene blue
a. 5% formic acid b. Orcein
b. EDTA c. Malachite green
c. 10% BNF d. Iodine
d. Perenyi’s fluid The correct answer is: Iodine
The correct answer is: 5% formic acid
Select the true statement/s below.
The usual length of the plane wedge knife is: a. Both of these statements.
a. 100 mm. b. Regaud’s fluid is classified as a mercuric chloride fixative.
b. 75 mm. c. Orth’s fluid is classified as an aldehyde fixative.
c. 50 mm. d. None of these statements.
d. 120 mm. The correct answer is: None of these statements.
The correct answer is: 100 mm.
The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s Egg Albumin is to:
Which of the following terms is synonymous to embedding? a. Prevent drying
a. Blocking b. Prevent bacterial overgrowth
b. Dealcholization c. Stabilize the preparation
c. Orientation d. Prevent fungal overgrowth
d. Infiltration The correct answer is: Prevent fungal overgrowth
The correct answer is: Blocking
Dioxane is used in the histopathology laboratory as:
Select the true statement/s below. a. None of these choices.
a. None of these statements. b. Both of these choices.
b. Acetone can be used as a fixative for blood containing organs. c. Dehydrating agent
c. Both of these statements. d. Clearing agent
d. Glutaraldehyde can be used as a fixative for enzyme The correct answer is: Both of these choices.
histochemistry.
The correct answer is: Glutaraldehyde can be used as a fixative for enzyme All of the following fixatives are considered nuclear fixatives, except:
histochemistry. a. Bouin’s solution
b. Newcomer’s fluid
c. Carnoy’s fluid
d. Helly’s fluid
The correct answer is: Helly’s fluid
Which of the following hematoxylins is used for the study of 3-APES is an example of a/an:
spermatogenesis? a. Adhesive agent
a. Weigert’s hematoxylin b. Embedding medium
b. Copper hematoxylin c. Bluing agent
c. Cole’s hematoxylin d. Stain
d. Mallory’s PTAH The correct answer is: Adhesive agent
The correct answer is: Copper hematoxylin
Poly-L-Lysine is an example of a/an:
Which of the following may be used for the fixation of post-mortem tissues? a. Stain
a. 10% Formol-Saline b. Adhesive agent
b. None of the choices c. Bluing agent
c. Formol-Sublimate d. Embedding medium
d. Both of these choices The correct answer is: Adhesive agent
The correct answer is: Both of these choices
Which of the following may be used as a clearing agent?
In order to have an effective knife, which one of the following hones is a. 4% phenol
recommended because it gives the best honing result? b. All of these choices.
a. Paddle strop c. Methyl salicylate
b. Arkansas d. Anhydrous copper sulfate
c. Belgium yellow The correct answer is: Methyl salicylate
d. Fine Carborundum
The correct answer is: Belgium yellow The usual length of the biconcave knife is:
a. 25 mm.
Ester wax has all of the following characteristics, except: b. 50 mm.
a. Its melting point is 46-48 C. c. 100 mm.
b. None of these d. 120 mm.
c. It is soluble in the dehydrating fluid. The correct answer is: 120 mm.
d. It is soluble in water.
The correct answer is: It is soluble in water. This is the property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil-soluble dyes,
regardless of the type of dye used, due to their essential lipid nature:
Which of the following fixatives may also be used in dehydration? a. Hypochromia
a. Acetone b. Metachromasia
b. Both of the choices c. Sudanophilia
c. None of the choices d. None of these
d. Ethyl alcohol The correct answer is: Sudanophilia
The correct answer is: Both of the choices

The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for cutting tissue (very thin
sections) at _______.
a. 0.5 micra
b. 4 to 6 micra
c. 10 to 15 micra
d. 2.0 micra
The correct answer is: 0.5 micra

Tetrahydrofuran is used in the histopathology laboratory as:

a. Dehydrating agent
b. None of these choices.
c. Clearing agent
d. Both of these choices.
The correct answer is: Both of these choices.

EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of what infiltrating medium?

a. Plastic
b. Gelatin
c. Paraffin
d. Celloidin
The correct answer is: Plastic

Removal of formaldehyde or mercury pigments from tissue sections is

performed before:
a. Fixation
b. Sectioning
c. Dehydration
d. Staining
The correct answer is: Staining
Which of the following is an elicited effect of How many changes of paraffin wax is The eosin has high affinity for ____
the process dehydration? essential to remove the clearing agent in an components in the cell.
automatic tissue processor?
a. Harden tissue a. Basic
b. Remove fixative and water a. 3-5 b. Neutral
c. Stabilization of proteins b. 1-3 c. None of these
d. Make tissue clear c. 1-2 d. Acidic
d. 2-3
Best general decalcifying agent. Which of the following person first
Which of the following technique is carried introduced the use of paraffin in wax
a. Phloroglucin nitric acid out on the knife to remove burr? embedding procedure?
b. Von Ebner's
c. 5% Formic acid a. Stropping a. Pappenheimer
d. Flemming's fluid b. Polishing b. Papanicolaou
c. Trimming c. Butschlii
Embryonic and animal tissues should start the d. Honing d. Walter
dehydration process in the initial
concentration of ___? Plane concave knife can be used to cut tissue Which of the following technique is carried
sections embedded using ____. out on the knife to remove gross nicks?
a. 65%
b. 30% a. Paraffin a. Polishing
c. 70% b. Neither b. Trimming
d. 95% c. Celloidin c. Honing
d. Either d. Stropping
Which of the following fixative is used to
preserve sputum? Which of the following is a known function of Which among the choices is the correct way
Perenyi's fluid? of carrying out the honing procedure?
a. Methyl alcohol
b. Alcoholic Formalin a. Either a. 30 double strokes toe to head
c. Isopropyl alcohol b. Neither b. 30 double strokes heel to toe
d. Ethyl alcohol c. Fixative c. 30 double strokes head to toe
d. Tissue softener d. 30 double strokes toe to heel
Most rapid decalcifying agent.
Which of the following decalcifying agents is Best known aldehyde fixative.
a. Von Ebner's not suitable for fluids containing mineral
b. Perenyi's fluid acids? a. Formol corrosive
c. Formol nitic acid b. 10% Neutral buffered formalin
d. Phloroglucin nitric acid a. Chelating agents c. Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-
b. Electrophoresis glutaraldehyde
c. Ion exchange resins d. Acrolein
d. Acid decalcifying agents
Which of the following step is implored to get Which of the following decalcifying agents is Which of the following chemical is added to
rid of the unwanted artifacts upon staining? ideal for immunohistochemical staining in gelatin to inhibit the growth of molds?
tissue sections?
a. Dealcoholization a. Phenol
b. Differentiator a. Ion exchange resins b. Ethanol
c. Deparaffinization b. Acid decalcifying agents c. Methanol
d. Washing out c. Electrophoresis d. Resin
d. Chelating agents
Which among the choices is the correct way Ideally to facilitate a quality embedding
of carrying out the stropping procedure? Which of the following embedding medium produce paraffin should be melted in a
can be used to the tissue even without prior paraffin oven with a temperature ________
a. 30 double stroke toe to heel dehydration and clearing of the tissue the melting point of the paraffin wax used.
b. 40 double stroke heel to toe specimen?
c. 30 double stroke heel to toe a. 4-6°C below
d. 40 double stroke toe to heel a. Paraplast b. 2-5°C above
b. Carbowax c. 2-5°C below
Which of the following techniques can hasten c. Paraffin d. 4-6°C above
decalcification process? d. Esterwax
Which of the following fixatives can fix bone
a. All of these A medical technologist happens to proceed marrow biopsies for 1.5 to 2 hours?
b. Greater amount of decalcifying agent with decalcification following a temperature
c. Application of heat of 37°C. Which of the tissue elements would a. Zenker’s formol
d. More concentrated decalcifying agent not be visible if Van Gieson's stain was b. Schaudinn’s fixative
implored? c. B5 fixative
Decalcification process using ion exchange d. Heidenhain Susa
resins can be hasten using ___? a. None of these
b. Fibroelastic fibers A part of the automatic tissue processor
a. Tricholoroacetic acid responsible for moving the tissue specimen
b. Formic acid c. Collagen fibers
d. Elastic fibers from a processing reagent to another.
c. Formol nitric acid
d. Chromic acid Which of the following embedding medium a. Probe
that would be used will take take long period b. Beam balance
Denatured alcohol is a compound of what c. Transfer foot
alcohol/s? of time to be accomplished?
d. Transfer arm
a. Either a. Paraplast
b. Cellloidin Which of the following techniques can cause
b. Isopropyl alcohol damage to the tissue being processed for
c. Methyl alcohol c. Carbowax
d. Tissue mat decalcification?
d. Neither
a. All of these
b. More concentrated decalcifying agent
 c. Greater amount of decalcifying agent Which of the following honing stone is used A medical technologist submerges a tissue
d. Application of heat for badly nicked and jagged knives? specimen at a decalcifying agent following a
temperature of 55°C. What would more likely
Completeness of the decalcification process is a. Belgium yellow happen to the tissue after 24 hours.
measured through poking a rod or a stick b. Fine carborandum
unto the tissue to approximate. c. Whetstone a. Tissue will become soft
d. Arkansas b. Tissue will have impaired nuclear
a. Xray method staining
b. None of these Which of the following embedding medium c. Tissue will have impaired cytoplasmic
c. Physical method can be used to the tissue even without prior staining
d. Chemical method clearing of the tissue specimen? d. Tissue will undergo complete
Which of the following embedding medium is a. Ester wax digestion
recommended for whole eye section? b. Paraplast Which of the following is not an ideal fixative
c. Embeddol characteristic?
a. Carbowax d. Tissue mat
b. Paraplast a. Provide distortion
c. Ester wax Which of the following dehydrating agents is b. Harden tissue
d. Bioloid used in the routine process of dehydrating c. Produce minimum shrinkage
tissue samples? d. Inhibit bacterial decomposition
Which of the following is a part of an
automatic tissue processor responsible for a. Methyl alcohol Which of the following technique is carried
controlling the time necessary for each b. Isopropyl alcohol out on the knife to remove gross irregularities
processing step? c. Ethyl alcohol in the tissue section during microtomy?
d. Butyl alcohol
a. Mechanical clock a. Honing
b. Digital clock Tissue in fixation is preserved by preventing b. Polishing
c. Electrical clock the following except. c. Trimming
d. Alarm clock d. Stropping
a. Hardening
Which of the following is an ideal pH for b. Putrefaction Considered as the simplest among the types
fixation? c. Distortion of microtomes.
d. Degeneration
a. 5-9 a. Rotary microtome
b. 5-7 Fixes connective tissue mucin and is b. Freezing microtome
c. 6-8 recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides. c. Sliding microtome
d. 6-9 d. Rocking microtome
a. Chromate fixatives
b. Mercuric chloride fixatives
c. Picric acid fixatives
d. Lead fixatives
Which of the following decalcifying agents is d. Tree Which of the following is the major
ideal for enzyme staining in tissue sections? disadvantage of using the rocking microtome?
Which of the following among the choices is
a. Electrophoresis not a freezing agent? a. Sections are liable to disintegrate
b. Acid decalcifying agents b. Turning the ratchet feed wheel
c. Ion exchange resins a. Isohexane c. Reorienting the block
d. Chelating agents b. Carbon dioxide d. Inclining the pawl
c. Liquid nitrogen
Which of the following agent is known to be d. Aerosol spray The technician is currently on the embedding
toxic to the liver upon prolonged exposure? stage of the tissue processing to facilitate
Sections to be cut using the ultrathin producing a quality tissue block the
a. Chloroform microtome are fixed using ___. technician must ensure that the paraffin oven
b. Benzene temperature must be kept at ______.
c. Xylene a. Gluteraldehyde
d. Toluene b. Formol saline a. 60-65°C
c. 10% Formalin b. 45-50°C
What is the maximum amount of frequency d. Osmium tetroxide c. 55-60°
that a paraffin wax can be reused no matter if d. 50-55°C
it was filtered? Which of the following fixative is best used
for iron containing granules tissue? Which among the honing stone gives a better
a. 1x polishing effect?
b. 3x a. Formol calcium
c. 5x b. 10% Neutral buffered formalin a. Fine carborandum
d. 2x c. 10% Formol saline b. Belgium yellow
d. Formol corrosive c. Whetstone
Which of the following clearing agent is d. Arkansas
known to cause damage on the bone marrow Which of the following aldehyde fixatives
upon prolonged exposure and may potential contains mercuric chloride? Excellent fixative for glycogen
cause aplastic type of anemia. a. Glutaraldehyde a. Ohlmacher’s
a. Chloroform b. Acrolein b. Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol fixative
b. Benzene c. Formol corrosive c. Orth’s fluid
c. Xylene d. Formol calcium d. Chromic acid
d. Toluene A biconcave knife is ideally used using a ___. Rehydration of the tissue section is done
Which of the following is a source for the a. Sliding microtome using _____.
stain hematoxylin? b. Rocking microtome a. Descending grade of xylene
a. Blood c. Freezing microtome b. Ascending grade of xylene
b. Insect d. Rotary microtome c. Ascending grade of alcohol
c. Moss d. Descending grade of alcohol
Which of the following classes of alcohol can d. Ultraviolet c. Calcium oxalate
be used in a dehydration process imploring d. Triple phosphate
the microwave technique? Which of the following process would
describe a tissue being arranged in precise Copper sulfate will turn to ____ color if the
a. Isopropyl alcohol positions in the mold? dehydration process is completed.
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Ethyl alcohol a. Orientation a. Green
d. Denatured alcohol b. Embedding b. Violet
c. Blocking c. Blue
The hematoxylin has high affinity for ____ d. Casting d. White
components in the cell.
Which of the following clearing agents is The presence of an odor in the final bath of
a. Basic recommended for CNS tissues? paraffin that smells like the _______ indicates
b. None of these that the paraffin wax in the baths should be
c. Acidic a. Carbon tetrachloride changed.
d. Neutral b. Aniline oil
c. Clove oil a. Clearing agent
Which of the following is a correct tissue to d. Cedarwood oil b. Fixative
fluid ratio in the process of decalcification? c. Dehydrating agent
Which of the following type of knife is used to d. Decalcifying agent
a. 1:20 cut resin embedded sections?
b. 10:1 Which of the following is the most common
c. 1:10 a. Glass knife and regarded as one of the best embedding
d. 20:1 b. Ralph knife media?
c. Diamond knife
What would be the appropriate melting point d. Steel knife a. Gelatin
of the paraffin if the current laboratory b. Celloidin
temperature is at 16°C. Which of the following dehydrating agent is c. Plastic
used in blood film preparation? d. Paraffin
a. 54°C
b. 55°C a. Methyl alcohol The biconcave knife is ideally used for tissue
c. 57°C b. Butyl alcohol embedded using ___.
d. 56°C c. Denatured alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol a. Gelatin
Which of the following mechanism hasten the b. Celloidi
impregnation process by removing air Which of the following chemical agent is used c. Paraffin
bubbles within the tissue such as lungs? to measure the completeness of d. Resin
decalcification process?
a. Infrared
b. Heat a. Calcium carbonate
c. Vacuum b. Calcium carbide
Which of the following fixative is best used Admixture of water with the paraffin may be Regaud's fluid is ideal in the preservation and
for iron containing granules tissue? resolved by bringing the heating temperature demonstration of the following cell organelle
all the way up to ______. except.
a. 10% Formol saline
b. Formol calcium a. 120-150° a. Golgi bodies
c. 10% Neutral buffered formalin b. 100-120°C b. Mitochondria
d. Formol corrosive c. 100-105°C c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. 150-200°C d. Chromatin
Which of the following is not a characteristic
of an ideal dehydrating solution? What is the recommended size of the honing What would be the appropriate melting point
stone? of the paraffin if the current laboratory
a. It should not be able to dehydrate temperature is at 23°C.
fatty tissues a. 3 inch x 5 inch
b. It should not harden tissues b. 8 inch x 2 inch a. 52°
excessively c. 8 inch x 5 inch b. 53°
c. It should not remove stains d. 8 inch x 3 inch c. 51°C
d. It should not evaporate very fast d. 55°C
Which of the following decalcifying agent is
In vacuum embedding, a negative ideal for surface decalcification? Which of the solution may act as both fixative
atmospheric pressure is applied to facilitate and a decalcifying agent?
the procedure in such way the machine has a a. Von Ebner's
manometer to monitor that the pressure is b. Tricholoroacetic acid a. 5% Formic acid
maintained at ______. c. 5% Formic acid b. Perenyi's flui
d. Perenyi's fluid c. Von Ebner's
a. 400-500 mmHg d. Phloroglucin nitric acid
b. 300-600 mmH Most rapid fixing fixative
c. 500-600 mmHg Which of the following process is incomplete
a. Bouin’s is a tissue specimen submerged in xylene had
d. 350-500 mmHg b. Flemmings solution turned milky?
Paraffin wax may be used for the second time c. Carnoy’s fluid
granted it was not smelling like the agent d. Newcomer’s fluid a. Dealcoholization
used prior to embedding and if it was filtered b. Clearing
Working solution of formalin is made at what c. Fixation
using ___. concentration? d. Dehydration
a. Greens No. 905 a. 37%
b. Greens No. 90 Which of the following is the coloring
b. 40% substrate of hematoxylin?
c. Greens No. 903 c. 10%
d. Greens No. 904 d. 20% a. Globin
b. Hematin
c. Heme
 d. Hemoglobin d. Rotary microtome b. None of these
c. Physical method
Dehydrating agents are generally used in Which of the following dehydrating agents is d. Xray method
what order of concentration? ideal for delicate tissue such as plant and
animal tissue for it is regarded to have a slow Rossman's formula for fixing tissue in frozen
a. Either penetrating action. section contains ___?
b. Ascending
c. Neithe a. Butyl alcohol a. Acetone
d. Descending b. Ethyl alcohol b. Alcohol
c. Denatured alcoho c. Formalin
Make tissues clear but does not remove d. Methyl alcohol d. Calcium
alcohol.
Which of the following honing stone gives the Which of the following clearing agent is ideal
a. Glycerine best result for honing a knife that had been for urgent biopsies?
b. Clove oil blunted and nicked?
c. Methyl benzoate a. Benzene
d. Aniline oil a. Arkansas b. Xylene
b. Fine carborandum c. Toluene
Which of the following is regarded as the c. Whetston d. Chloroform
most rapid clearing agent? d. Belgium yellow
Which of the following is not a service of the
a. Chloroform Sections to be cut using the ultrathin chemical xylene in the routine H&E staining
b. Toluene microtome are embedded using ___. process?
c. Carbon tetrachloride
d. Xylol a. Gelatin a. Dealcoholization
b. Paraffin b. Differentiator
Which of the following embedding medium is c. Celloidin c. Deparaffinization
recommended for large tissue blocks such as d. Resin d. Clearing
the bones and the brain?
Fixative commonly used in the diagnosis of Which of the following knife is utilized to
a. Embeddol cases for rabies. tough tissue specimen that is embedded
b. Carbowax using paraffin?
c. Paraplast a. Acetone
d. Ester wax b. Flemming's solution a. Plane convex knife
c. Osmium tetroxide b. Plane concave knife
A plane wedge knife is ideally used using a d. Tricholoroacetic acid c. Biconcave knife
___. d. Plane wedge knife
Most sensitive way of measuring
a. Sliding microtome completeness of the decalcification process.
b. Rocking microtome
c. Ultrathin microtome a. Chemical method
Which of the following decalcifying agents is
ideal for electron microscopy in tissue
sections?

a. Acid decalcifying agents

b. Ion exchange resins
c. Electrophoresis
d. Chelating agents
Which of the following accelerates the speed of The ripening agent for the Harris Hematoxylin The optimum working temperature for the cold
staining reaction? microtome is:
a. Mercuric oxide
a. Accentuator b. None of these a. Between -18 to -20 C
b. Dye modifier c. Sodium iodate b. Between 10 to 15 C
c. Lake d. Potassium iodate c. Between 5 to 10 C
d. Mordant d. Between -5 to -10 C
Bisphenol A, glycerol, and cyclohexene
Which of the following fixatives is dioxide are all examples of: This clearing agent is recommended for tough
recommended for fixing lymph glands, urgent tissues. However, it is toxic to the liver after
biopsies, and chromosomes? a. Clearing agent prolonged inhalation and it does not make the
b. Paraffin wax tissues transparent.
a. Methyl alcohol c. Fixatives
b. Carnoy’s fluid d. Plastic impregnating media a. Aniline oil
c. Newcomer’s fluid b. Clove oil
d. Isopropyl alcohol In the routine H and E staining, the acid used in c. Chloroform
combination with the alcohol in the d. Xylene
This is considered to be the best dehydrating differentiator is the:
agent in tissue processing: Carazzi hematoxylin uses this kind of mordant:
a. Sulfuric acid
a. Ethyl alcohol b. Acetic acid a. Iron
b. Isopropyl alcohol c. Formic acid b. Lead
c. Butyl alcohol d. Hydrochloric acid c. Tungsten
d. Denatured alcohol d. Alum
When wax has been reused, some water is
The mordant used for Mayer’s Hematoxylin is: mixed with it. In order to remove excess water, Complete the following sentence: “For routine
heat the wax to: histologic procedures, tissue sections are
a. Mercuric oxide commonly cut between ________________ in
b. Sodium iodate a. 80-90 C thickness.”
c. Potash alum b. 150-160 C
d. Ferric chloride c. 100-105 C a. 4 to 6 µ
d. 20 C above its melting point b. 10 to 15 µ
This is the process of replacing the c. 50 to 100 µ
dehydrating fluid with fluid that is miscible with Glacial acetic acid must never be added to d. 0.5 to 1.0 µ
both the dehydrating fluid and the cytoplasmic fixatives because:
impregnating or embedding medium: Which of the stains given below may be
a. It destroys Golgi bodies. utilized to show deposits of fibrin?
a. Casting b. Both of these choices
b. Staining c. It destroys the mitochondria. a. PAS
c. Dealcoholization b. Congo Red Method
d. Decolorization Sputum specimens intended for cytological c. MSB Technique
examination are considered satisfactory if: d. Gram’s Iodine stain
The most reliable and specific histochemical
staining technique for the DNA is: a. There are many bacilli and columnar Of the following commonly used methods of
cells. freezing, which one is considered to be the
a. Methyl Green-Pyronin Technique b. There are no cells seen. most rapid?
b. Bodian’s Stain c. It is very viscous and sticky.
c. Feulgen Technique d. Alveolar macrophages are present. a. Carbon dioxide gas
d. Cajal’s Gold Sublimate b. Isopentane
 c. Liquid nitrogen Ester wax has all of the following Which of the following fixatives may also act
d. Oxygen gas characteristics, except: as a dehydrating agent?

Saccomano’s fixative is composed of ethanol a. It is soluble in water. a. Ethanol

and: b. None of these b. Formalin
c. It is soluble in the dehydrating fluid. c. Orth’s fluid
a. Formaldehyde d. Its melting point is 46-48 C. d. Glutaraldehyde
b. 2% Carbowax
c. Xylene Picric acid may be used as: The purpose of adding phenol to each of the
d. Ether-formaldehyde 95% ethanol baths is:
a. Fixative
Which of the choices below is the correct b. Decalcifying agent a. To remove the alcohol
REHYDRATION SEQUENCE of tissue sections c. All of these b. To soften tissues
before hematoxylin staining? d. Stain c. To enhance the staining process
d. To harden tissues
a. 100% -->; 95% -->; 80% -->; 70% Best Carmine solution is used to stain which of
ethanol -->; water the following? This is considered as the best general
b. Water -->; 100% -->; 95% -->; 90% -->; decalcifying agent:
80% -->; water a. Mucins
c. Water -->; 70% -->; 80% -->; 90% -->; b. C. neoformans a. EDTA
95% -->; 100% ethanol c. Glycogen b. Perenyi’s fluid
d. Acetone -->; 70% -->; 80% -->; 90% -->; d. HbsAg c. 5% formic acid
95% -->; Ethanol\ d. 10% BNF
The sectioning of ester wax-impregnated
It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally tissues should be performed on a: This is a weakly basic dye used as a contrast
used for microscopic study of starch granules: stain for staining ascaris eggs and red cells,
a. Rocking microtome and as a bacterial spore stain. It is also used
a. Orcein b. Sliding microtome both as a decolorizer and as a counterstain:
b. Malachite green c. Freezing microtome
c. Iodine d. Rotary microtome a. Malachite green
d. Methylene blue b. Neutral red
It is considered to be the most rapid clearing c. Methylene blue
For satisfactory fixation, the pH of the agent, suitable for urgent biopsies which it d. Methyl green
preservative should be within: clears within 15-30 minutes:
Using Lendrum’s MSB, old fibrin formations
a. pH 3.0 a. Chloroform will stain:
b. pH 7 only b. Clove oil
c. pH 4 c. Benzene a. Yellow
d. pH 6-8 d. Xylene b. Blue
e. pH 9 c. Pink
This is considered as the most sensitive of the d. Red
The pathology blocks should be kept for: oil soluble dyes:
For delicate tissues like embryos and animal
a. 24 hours a. Sudan III tissues, it is recommended to start dehydrating
b. 10 years b. None of these with this concentration of ethanol:
c. 1 year only c. Sudan IV
d. 2 years d. Sudan Black a. 15%
b. 65%
 c. 45% Which of the following fixatives is useful in the The kind of acid present in the formula of Von
d. 30% preservation of sputum specimens? Ebner’s fluid is:
e. 55%
a. Methanol a. Formic acid
The color of OG-6 staining solution is: b. Formol-saline b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Newcomer’s fluid c. Nitric acid
a. Dark purple to black d. Alcoholic formalin d. Trichloroacetic acid
b. Orange with a hint of green
c. Olive green with a hint of brown and red In the routine H and E method: Markers in Immunohistochemical Tech. that is
d. None of these useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas
a. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are pale from mesotheliomas
All of the following are staining methods used pink
for the demonstration of elastic fibers, except: b. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
blue b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
a. Krajian’s method c. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
b. Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin stain d. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
c. Verhoeff’s stain pink e. Actin
d. None of these
e. Taenzer-Unna Orcein method All of these statements are true for regressive An machine for embedding with a defective
staining, except: thermostat (i.e., uncontrolled high temperature)
For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to will produce tissues which are:
the laboratory: a. It requires a differentiator.
b. When dye is taken up by the tissue, it is a. Hard and brittle
a. In 10% formalin not decolorized. b. Lighter than its original color
b. In saline c. Tissue is first overstained, then excess c. Soft and fleshy
c. In Carnoy’s fixative stain is subsequently removed. d. Darker than its original color
d. Fresh and unfixed d. It may be used for routine staining of
tissues. Which of the following is NOT a decalcifying
The correct order of the steps involved in agent?
routine tissue processing is: The appropriate temperature for fixing surgical
specimens is: a. Carnoy’s fluid
a. Fixation, dehydration, impregnation, b. Von Ebner’s fluid
embedding, clearing , trimming, a. 37 C c. Perenyi’s fluid
sectioning, staining, and mounting b. Room temperature d. None of these
b. Fixation, dehydration, clearing, c. Freezing temperature
impregnation, embedding, trimming, d. Refrigerator temperature Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and
sectioning, staining, and mounting are collectively known as:
This is the most important reaction for
It permits brilliant metachromatic staining of maintaining tissue appearance: a. Carminic dyes
cells and is the routine fixative of choice for b. Aniline dyes
the preservation of cell details in tissue a. Stabilization of proteins c. Natural dyes
photography: b. Stabilization of carbohydrates d. Carbonic dyes
c. Stabilization of fats
a. Formalin d. All of the choices
b. Lead acetate
c. Mercuric chloride
d. Picrates
Glacial acetic acid is combined with many d. Acetone EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of
other fixing agents to: what infiltrating medium?
The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for
a. Decrease chemical dislocations cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______. a. Paraffin
b. Retain identical cell structure b. Gelatin
c. Inhibit shrinking of cells a. 10 to 15 micra c. Plastic
d. Inhibit swelling of cells b. 4 to 6 micra d. Celloidin
c. 2.0 micra
Which of the following may not be used to d. 0.5 micra The Warthin-Starry method of staining is used
ripen hematoxylins? for the demonstration of:
The required fixation time of the most rapid
a. Potassium aluminum sulfate fixative is: a. Fungi
b. Ferric chloride b. Elastic fibers
c. Sodium iodate a. 30 minutes c. Viruses
d. Mercuric oxide b. At least 4 hours d. Spirochetes
c. 10-15 minutes
This group of fixatives produces excessive d. 1-3 hours only Excessive mounting medium will cause it to
yellow staining of tissues: ooze out of the sides of the cover glass, and
The following are all descriptions attributed to should be carefully wiped with a fine cloth
a. Alcohols Carnoy’s fluid, except: moistened with:
b. Picrates
c. Acetone a. Used also to fix brain tissue for the a. Formalin
d. Chromates diagnosis of rabies b. Water
e. Aldehydes b. The most rapid fixative c. Xylene
c. None of these choices. d. Bleach
What is the optimum temperature of the water d. Excellent fixative for glycogen e. Melted paraffin
bath that is used to float tissue cut from the e. Recommended for fixing chromosomes,
microtome? lymph glands, and urgent biopsies All of these are bluing agents, except:

a. 30 C Excessive exposure to benzene may damage a. Sat. lithium carbonate

b. 37 C the bone marrow resulting in: b. Ammonia water
c. 45-50 C c. Acid alcohol
d. 50-56 C a. Hemoglobinopathies d. None of these
b. Iron deficiency anemia
Which of the following terms is synonymous to c. Aplastic anemia The phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH)
embedding? d. Thalassemia stain is useful for the demonstration of:

a. Dealcholization Ringing is the process of sealing the margins a. Muscle striations

b. Orientation of the coverslip. The reason/s for doing this b. Cholesterol crystals
c. Infiltration process is/are: c. Reticulin
d. Blocking d. Sputum cells
a. All of the above
Which of the following is used for b. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi- The best general tissue fixative:
deparaffinization? fluid mounts
c. To immobilize the coverslip a. 5% formic acid
a. Xylene d. To prevent sticking of the slides upon b. Glutaraldehyde
b. 70% alcohol storage c. 10% formalin
c. 95% alcohol d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin
While examining a Papanicolaou smear, the c. 2 and 4 The ideal time for a decalcification process to
pathologist observed the presence of pear- d. 2,3,4 be completed is between:
shaped microorganisms that stain blue-green
with a slit-like eccentric nucleus. The said Which of the following is not considered as a a. 24-48 hrs.
organism is probably: clearing agent? b. 10-18 hrs.
c. 30-60 mins.
a. Entamoeba coli a. Both of these choices d. 3-5 days
b. Gardnerella vaginalis b. None of these choices
c. Entamoeba histolytica c. Diethylene dioxide Which of the following may be used for
d. Trichomonas vaginalis d. Tetrahydrofuran hemoglobin staining?

The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s Egg Which of the following stains is used for a. Gentian violet
Albumin is to: lipoprotein electrophoresis? b. Benzidine
c. Iodine
a. Stabilize the preparation a. Ponceau S d. Congo red
b. Prevent fungal overgrowth b. Oil Red O
c. Prevent bacterial overgrowth c. Coomasie Brilliant Blue One of these can be used as a decalcifying
d. Prevent drying d. Amido Black agent and as a tissue softener:

EA 50, used in Pap’s staining, is a polychrome Should the clearing agent turned milky as soon a. Phloroglucin-nitric acid
stain composed of three stains which include as the tissue was placed in it, the most b. Formic acid
all of the following, except: probable reason for this is: c. Perenyi’s fluid
d. Hydrochloric acid
a. Hematoxylin a. Incomplete dehydration
b. Bismarck Brown b. Insufficient impregnatio Frozen section is used for the following purposes,
c. Light Green SF c. Prolonged fixation except:
d. Eosin Y d. Prolonged dehydration
a. Fat demonstration
After performing the routine H and E staining, These are brownish black granules produced b. Rapid diagnosis
the expected color of the red blood cells, by unstable formaldehyde fixatives as a result c. Enzyme histochemistry
eosinophilic granules and keratin is: of the reaction between formic acid and d. Amyloid demonstration
hemoglobin:
a. Pale pink Removal of formaldehyde or mercury pigments
b. Purplish pink a. Hemozoin from tissue sections is performed before:
c. Bright orange-red b. Paraformaldehyde
d. Deep pink c. Osmic acid crystals a. Fixation
d. Acid formaldehyde hematin b. Dehydration
During the fixation of cytological smears, the c. Staining
following precautions should be observed: The medtech experienced difficulty in section d. Sectioning
cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What is
1. Identify the slides before preparing the smears the probable reason for this problem? Jelly-like clots in effusions submitted for
2. Use paper clips to the identified end of the slide cytology may be prevented by using:
before preparing smears. 3. Smears should be a. Dirty knife
placed into the fixative container immediately after b. Delayed fixation a. Chelating agents
preparation. 4. Avoid striking the bottom of the c. Insufficient infiltration b. Heparin
fixative container forcefully. d. Insufficient clearing c. Isotonic saline
d. Citric acid
a. 1 and 3
b. 1,2,3,4
Smear prepared for cytologic examination from For calcium, the best stain is: When using a spray fixative in preserving
cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be obtained cytological smears, the slide should be kept at
by: a. Von Kossa stain a distance of about:
b. Congo stain
a. Pull apart c. Prussian blue a. 3 inches
b. Spreading d. Silver nitrate b. 1.5 ft.
c. Touch preparation c. 6 inches
d. Streaking The black osmic acid crystals from Flemming’s d. 12 inches
solution may be removed from the tissues by
If the tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, adding: The most difficult step to remedy in the
the most likely cause of this problem is: preparation of a high quality microscopic slide
a. Sodium thiosulfate of tissue is:
a. Incomplete impregnation b. Cold water
b. Prolonged fixation c. Alcohol a. Poor staining
c. Incomplete clearing d. Sodium chloride b. Improper sectioning
d. Incomplete fixation c. Incorrect section placement
In tissue processing, a brittle or hard tissue d. Poor fixation
Eosin is a red acid dye routinely used in may be because of:
histopathology as a counterstain after Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde
hematoxylin and before: a. Prolonged paraffin infiltration and Acrolein are both used for:
b. Overheated paraffin oven
a. Basic fuchsin c. Prolonged fixation a. Preservation of lipids
b. Methyl green d. All of these c. Plasma protein preservation
c. Methylene blue e. Prolonged clearing d. Clearing tissues
d. Congo red
The temperature of the melted paraffin used for All of the following fixatives usually contain
Autopsy materials should be preserved as embedding is: glacial acetic acid as their primary component,
soon after death as possible. If this cannot be except:
done, the body should be placed in a a. 56 C above its melting point
refrigerator kept at: b. 10 to 15 C above its melting point a. Heidenhain’s SuS
c. 1 to 4 C above its melting point b. Bouin’s fluid
a. 8C d. 5-10 C above its melting point c. Orth’s fluid
b. 4C d. Carnoy’s fluid
c. 10 C All of the following are classified as aldehyde
d. 1C fixatives, except: The plasma-thrombin method is a technique of
preparing:
The main purpose of fixation is to: a. 10% formol saline
b. Orth’s fluid a. Adhesive
a. Promote the attachment of fluids c. Glutaraldehyde b. Decalcification technique
b. Preserve the morphology of cells d. Formol-corrosive c. Cell block
c. Promote the attachment of stains or dyes d. Smears for cytology
d. Harden the tissue from further trauma Which of the following has no ability to make
the tissues transparent?
The correct fixative-to-tissue ratio is:
a. Gum syrup
a. 1:30 b. All of these
b. 1:20 c. Glycerin
c. 30:1 d. Chloroform
d. 20:1
HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES 17. Useful for preparing thick secretions: serous fluids,
concentrated sputum, enzymatic GIT lavage, and blood
1. Number of copies prepared for histopathology reports smears
a. Streaking
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 b. Smearing
2. Requests forms are signed by c. Pull Apart
d. Impression
a. pathologist b. physician c. both d. none 18. Special smear preparation method that maintains actual
3. Result forms are signed by intercellular relationships and allows examination of specimen
along with their normal surroundings
a. pathologist b. physician c. both d. none a. Streaking
4. Turnover of surgical pathology and cytology b. Smearing
c. Pull Apart
a. 24 hours b. 5-15 mins c. 1 week d. Impression
5. Routine turnover time of frozen section 19. Method used for rapid diagnosis of tissues
a. Teasing
a. 24 hours b. 5-15 mins c. 1 week b. Squash preparation
6. Routine turnover of autopsy reports c. Smear preparation
d. Frozen section
a. 24 hours b. 5-15 mins c. 1 week 20. Applications of frozen sections, EXCEPT
7. Storage of specimen a. Enzyme histochemistry
b. Lipid and carbohydrate demonstration
a. 1month – 1year b. 3 – 10 years c. indefinitely c. Immunofluorescent and immunocytochemistry
8. Storage of tissue blocks d. Neuropathology (silver stains)
e. Glycogen demonstration
a. 1month – 1year b. 3 – 10 years c. indefinitely 21. Type of microtome present in the cryostat
9. Storage of slides a. Rocking
b. Rotary
a. 1month – 1year b. 3 – 10 years c. indefinitely c. Sliding
10. Process wherein fresh tissues are placed on a watch glass d. Rotary Rocking
with isotonic solution and viewed using phase contrast or e. Freezing
brightfield microscope 22. Frozen sections are cut on a microtome with CO2
a. Teasing a. Cryostat
b. Squash preparation b. Cold Microtome
c. Smear preparation c. Cold Knife
d. Frozen section d. Rotary Microtome
11. Tissues less than 1 mm thickness are placed between 2 slides 23. Refrigerated cabinet with a rotary microtome inside
followed by the application of a vital stain a. Cryostat
a. Teasing b. Ultrathin Microtome
b. Squash preparation c. Cold Knife
c. Smear preparation d. None
d. Frozen section 24. Optimum working temperature of Cryostat
12. Cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide using a wire a. -18 to – 20C
loop, applicator stick, or another slide b. 45 – 50C
a. Teasing c. –20 to – 30 C
b. Squash preparation d. 2C below the melting point of paraffin
c. Smear preparation 25. Best mounting media for cryostat sections
d. Frozen section a. Water
13. Method in fresh tissue examination that is useful for cancer b. 20 – 30% bovine albumin
diagnosis c. Von Apathy’s gum syrup
a. Teasing d. OCT
b. Squash preparation 26. Most rapid freezing agent
c. Smear preparation a. Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
d. Frozen section b. CO2 gas
14. Specimen is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag c. Aerosol sprays
line to obtain a uniform distribution d. Liquid nitrogen
a. Streaking 27. Freezing agent for small pieces of tissue except muscle
b. Smearing a. Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
c. Pull Apart b. CO2 gas
d. Impression c. Aerosol sprays
15. Teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick; for d. Liquid nitrogen
the ff. specimens: bronchial aspirates, thick mucoid 28. Staining methods for frozen sections EXCEPT:
secretions, and fresh sputum a. Regressive H&E staining – AL. PINACYANOL
a. Streaking b. Progressive H&E staining
b. Smearing c. Thionine
c. Pull Apart d. Polychrome Methylene Blue
d. Impression 29. First and most critical step in histotechnology
16. Two slides are pulled apart with a single uninterrupted motion a. Identification
a. Streaking b. Dehydration
b. Smearing c. Fixation
c. Pull Apart d. Labeling
d. Impression 30. Ideal time to perform fixation after blood supply interruption
a. 10 – 15 minutes
 b. 20 – 30 minutes 44. Carbohydrate added to osmium tetroxide fixatives for electron
c. 2 – 4 hours microscopy
d. 24 hours a. Fructose
31. Primary aim of fixation b. Glucose
a. Harden and protect the tissue from trauma c. Sucrose
b. Preserve the morphologic and chemical integrity d. Galactose
in life-like manner 45. Ideal concentration of glutaraldehyde for immunoelectron
c. BOTH microscopy
d. NEITHER a. 5%
32. TRUE about fixation b. 3%
a. Preserve the shape, structure, and chemical c. 10%
constituents of the tissues d. 0.25%
b. Prevents degeneration, decomposition, and 46. Recommended duration of fixation of electron microscopy
putrefaction of tissues a. 24 hours
c. BOTH b. 2 – 6 hours
d. NEITHER c. 3 hours
33. Most important reaction for maintaining tissue morphology d. Over the weekend
a. Stabilization of proteins 47. Chemical constituent of the fixative is taken in and forms cross
b. Prevention of tissue distortion links
c. Alteration of tissue components a. Formalin
d. Inactivation of lysosomal enzymes b. Alcoholic fixatives
34. CORRECT fixative to tissue ratio c. BOTH
a. 10:1 d. NEITHER
b. 25:1 48. Fixing agent is not incorporated into the tissue and removes
c. 20:1 the bound water to H – bonds
d. 5:1 a. Alcoholic fixatives
35. Usual fixation temperature for surgical specimens b. Osmium tetroxide
a. Room temperature c. Formalin
b. 0 – 4 C d. Mercury
c. – 18 – 20C 49. Effects of fixatives, EXCEPT
d. 55 – 60C a. Acts as mordants or accentuators to promote
36. Used for to fix tissues with tuberculosis staining
a. Formalin at 60C b. Decreases the optical differentiation of cells
b. Room temperature c. Harden soft and friable tissues
c. 0 – 4 C d. Inhibit certain dyes in favor of another
d. Formalin at 100C 50. Ideal temperature for fixing EM and histochemistry specimens
37. Rate of penetration (Formalin) a. Room temperature
a. 1 cm / hour b. 60C
b. 1 mm/ hour c. 100C
c. 1 um/ hour d. 0 – 4 C
d. 1 mm/ 24 hours 51. Fixative made up of 2 or more component fixatives to obtain
38. Maximum effectiveness of fixation is seen noted in the optimal combined effect
a. 10:1 a. Simple fixative
b. 25:1 b. Compound fixative
c. 20:1 c. Microanatomical fixative
d. 5:1 d. Histochemical fixative
39. Can reduce fixation time, EXCEPT: 52. All BUT one is a lead fixative
a. Heat a. Picric acid
b. Vacuum b. Acetic acid
c. Agitation c. Osmic acid
d. Refrigeration d. Chromic acid
40. To maintain adequate fixation time of 4-6 hours, what is the 53. A simple fixative causing tissue shrinkage
recommended tissue size? a. Glacial acetic acid
a. 2 mm2 b. Mercuric chloride
b. 2 cm c. Aldehyde
c. 2 mm d. Formalin
d. 2 cm2 54. Fixatives that permit the general microscopic study of tissue
41. pH range for optimal fixation structures
a. 6 – 8 a. Nuclear
b. 7 b. Cytoplasmic
c. 4.5 – 5.2 c. Histochemical
d. 9 d. Microanatomical
42. TRUE about brain fixation 55. All BUT one is a microanatomical fixative
a. Suspended as whole in 5% NBF a. Heidenhain’s Susa
b. Fixed for 2 – 3 weeks b. Formol corrosive
c. Suspended as sections in 10% buffered formalin c. 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin
d. a and b d. Orth’s fluid
43. Best results are obtained in what osmolality? 56. Preserve specific parts and microscopic elements
a. 400 – 450 mOsm a. Cytological fixative
b. 340 mOsm b. Microanatomical fixative
c. 500 mOsm c. BOTH
d. 300 – 320 mOsm d. NEITHER
57. TRUE about nuclear fixatives, EXCEPT
 a. Contain glacial acetic acid 71. Produced due to prolonged storage of formaldehyde at very
b. GAc has affinity for mitochondria low temperature
c. Have a pH of 4.6 or less a. Acid formaldehyde hematin
d. Preserve nuclear structures b. Black granular deposits
58. All BUT one is a nuclear fixative c. White paraformaldehyde deposits
a. Flemmin’s with GAc d. Yellow precipitates
b. Carnoy’s fluid 72. Removal of paraformaldehyde
c. Bouin’s solution a. 10% methanol
d. Regaud’s solution b. De-zenkerization
59. All BUT one is a cytoplasmic fixative c. Alcoholic Iodine
a. Flemming’s d. Lillie’s
b. Orth’s 73. Artefact formed by the action of formic acid with blood
c. Kelly’s a. Brown crystalline precipitate
d. Muller’s b. Yellow precipitate
60. All BUT one is used to preserve the chemical constituent of c. Black granular deposits
cells d. White paraformaldehyde deposits
a. 10% Formol Saline 74. Removal of acid formaldehyde hematin EXCEPT
b. Acetone a. Kardasewitch method
c. Absolute Ethyl Alcohol b. Alcoholic potassium hydroxide
d. Brazil’s c. Saturated alcoholic picric acid
61. Fixatives effective for preservation of lipids in cryostat d. Alcoholic Iodine
a. Mercuric chloride 75. Recommended for CNS and general postmortem tissue
b. Potassium dichromate examination
c. BOTH a. Formol calcium
d. NEITHER b. 10% BNF
62. Can be used for cholesterol fixation c. 10% Formol saline
a. Baker’s formol – calcium d. B-5 fixative
b. Aldehydes 76. Best fixative for tissues with iron pigments and elastic fibers
c. Digitonin a. Mercuric chloride
d. Imidazole osmium tetroxide b. Carnoy’s fluid
63. Generally recommended for glycogen fixation c. Osmium tetroxide
a. Alcoholic fixatives d. 10% BNF
b. Aldehyde fixatives 77. For routine post-mortem tissues
c. Picric acid fixatives a. Orth’s fluid
d. Heat fixation b. B-5 fixativie
64. Most commonly used fixative for amino acid histochemistry c. Bouin’s solution
a. Alcoholic formaldehyde d. Formol corrosive
b. Neutral buffered formol saline 78. May be useful for immersion fixation of surgical biopsies
c. Cold absolute alcohol a. Acrolein
d. Acrolein b. Gendre’s fixative
65. Best known mixture of aldehyde fixatives c. Acetone
a. Acrolein d. Heidenhain’s Susa
b. Rossman’s fluid 79. Most common metallic fixative recommended for renal
c. Karnovsky’s para-glutaraldehyde tissues, fibrin, CT, and muscles
d. Digitonin a. Formalin
66. Satisfactory for routine paraffin sections, EM, and b. Mercuric chloride
histochemical and enzymes studies c. Chromic acid
a. Metallic fixatives d. TCA
b. Aldehyde fixatives 80. Routine fixative of choice for preservation in tissue
c. Glacial acetic acid photography
d. Trichloroacetic acid a. Formalin
67. One of the most widely used fixative made from the gas b. Mercuric chloride
produced by oxidation of methyl alcohol c. Chromic acid
a. Glutaraldehyde d. TCA
b. Acrolein 81. Deposits that can be removed by saturated iodine solution in
c. Formol – calcium 96% alcohol
d. Formaldehyde a. White paraformaldehyde
68. Usual fixation time for formalin b. Black mercury deposits
a. 24 hours c. Yellow precipitates
b. 48 hours d. Brown crystalline precipitates
c. 2 hours 82. Recommended for fixing small pieces of spleen, liver, CT
d. 6 hours fibers, and nuclei
69. Unsatisfactory for routine fixation due to overhardening of the a. Zenker’s fluid
tissue outer surface b. Heidenhain’s Susa
a. 10% formalin c. B-5 fixative
b. 4% formalin d. Kelly’s solution
c. 20% formalin 83. Excellent microanatomical fixative for pituitary gland, BM, and
d. 40% formalin blood containing organs (spleen and liver)
70. Recommended for nervous tissue preservation a. Zenker’s fluid
a. Glutaraldehyde b. Heidenhain’s Susa
b. Acrolein c. B-5 fixative
c. Formol – calcium d. Kelly’s solution
d. Formaldehyde
84. Excellent cytologic fixative recommended for skin tumor 97. Generally recommended for glycogen fixation
biopsies a. Lead fixative
a. B-5 fixative b. Chromate fixatives
b. Heidenhain’s Susa c. Aldehyde fixatives
c. B-5 fixative d. Alcoholic fixatives
d. Kelly’s solution 98. Acts as both fixative and dehydrating agent that can cause
85. Used for bone marrow biopsies polarization
a. Carnoy’s fluid a. Acetone
b. Newcomer’s fluid b. Chromic acid
c. B-5 fixative c. Absolute alcohol
d. Formaldehyde d. B-5 fixative
86. Preserves mitochondria in pH 4.5 – 5.2 99. Excellent for fixing dry and wet smears, blood smears, and
a. Regard’s fluid bone marrow tissues
b. Potassium dichromate a. Ethanol
c. Lead fixatives b. Methanol
d. 10% Formol saline c. Isopropyl alcohol
87. Recommended for the demonstration of chromatin, d. Butanol
mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBCs, and colloid 100. Used for fixing touch preparations and special staining
– containing tissues procedures (Wright-Giemsa)
a. Orth’s a. Ethanol
b. Mulller’s b. Methanol
c. Flemming’s c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. Zenker’s d. Butanol
88. Recommended for study of early degenerative process, tissue 101. Simple fixative used for histochemistry, enzyme studies, and
necrosis, rickettsia, and other bacteria cytology smears
a. Regaud’s a. Carnoy’s
b. Orth’s b. Ethanol
c. Flemming’s c. Methanol
d. Karnovsky’s d. Newcomer’s
89. Recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides and fixes CT 102. Most rapid alcoholic fixative for fixing chromosomes, lymph
mucin glands, and urgent biopsies
a. Lead fixatives a. Carnoy’s
b. Aldehyde fixatives b. Ethanol
c. Chromate fixatives c. Methanol
d. Picric acid fixatives d. Newcomer’s
90. Used as fixative, decalcifying agent, and stains the tissues 103. Used to fix brain tissue for rabies diagnosis
yellow a. Formaldehyde
a. Glacial acetic acid b. Carnoy’s
b. Osmium tetroxide c. Orth’s
c. TCA d. Muller’s
d. Picric acid 104. Both nuclear and histochemical fixative used for fixing
91. Recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies mucopolysaccharide and nuclear proteins
a. Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol a. Newcomer’s
b. Methyl benzoate b. Flemming’s
c. Carnoy’s fluid c. Zenker’s
d. Bouin’s d. Olhmacher’s
92. Excellent fixative for soft and delicate structures (endometrial 105. Used to fix sputum and good for micro-incineration technique
curetting) BOUIN’S SOLUTION a. Formic acid
a. Zenker’s fluid b. Acrolein
b. Heidenhain’s Susa c. Gendre’s
c. B-5 fixative d. Carnoy – Lebrun
d. Kelly’s solution 106. Fixative that causes complete denaturation of protein and
93. Excellent picric acid fixative for glycogen inhibits hematoxylin
a. Flemming’s a. Osmic acid
b. Brasils’s b. Chromic acid
c. Orth’s c. Formic acid
d. Regaud’s d. Nitric acid
94. Used for fixation of umbilical cord or Wharton’s jelly 107. Resolution of black osmic oxide crystals
a. Lead fixatives a. Saturated alcoholic picric acid
b. Aldehyde fixatives b. Alcoholic Iodine
c. Alcoholic fixatives c. 10% methanol
d. Chromate fixatives d. Cold water
95. Fixative that solidifies at 17C used for nucleoproteins and 108. Most common chrome – osmium acetic acid fixative used for
useful for the study of nuclear components nuclear preparation
a. TCA a. Carnoy’s
b. Mercuric chloride b. Schaudinn’s
c. Glacial acetic acid c. Flemming’s
d. 10% Formol saline d. Flemming’s without glacial acetic acid
96. TRUE about glacial acetic acid, EXCEPT 109. Fixative made up of chromic and osmic acid used for fixing
a. Causes tissues to shrink cytoplasmic structures
b. Causes tissue swelling a. Flemming’s without glacial acetic acid
c. Contraindicated for cytoplasmic fixation b. Bouin’s
d. Destroys mitochondria and Golgi bodies c. Karnovsky’s
 d. Potassium dichromate b. Marked swelling
110. Both fixative and weak decalcifying agents used for small c. Hydrolysis of the bony matrix
pieces of tissues or bones d. Improved staining capacity
a. GAC 123. Optimum temperature for decalcification
b. TCA a. 37 – 55C
c. OCT b. 18 – 30C
d. Kelly’s c. 45 – 55C
111. Recommended for studying water diffusible enzymes d. – 18 - -20C
(phosphatases and lipases) and for diagnosis of rabies in 124. Temperature where nuclear staining of Van Gieson’s stain for
brain tissues collagen fibers are impaired – 37C
a. 10% BNF a. 24C
b. Newcomer’s b. 27C
c. Acetone c. 56C
d. Heidehain’s d. 18C
112. Involves the thermal coagulation of tissue proteins for rapid 125. Tissue will undergo complete digestion within 24-48 hours
diagnosis a. 56C – 55C
a. Dehydration b. 18C
b. De-alcoholization c. -4C
c. Heat fixation d. 37C
d. Impregnation 126. Ideal time for decalcification
113. A non – chemical technique useful for the preservation of a. 2 – 6 hours
neurochemical substances like acetylcholine b. 12 – 18 hours
a. Microwave fixation c. 24 – 48 hours
b. Lipid fixation d. 14 days
c. Glycogen fixation 127. Most widely used agents for routine decalcification EXCEPT
d. Carbohydrate fixation a. Nitric acid
114. Optimal temperature for microwave fixation b. Formic acid
a. 40 – 50C c. Chromic acid
b. 45 – 55C d. Sulfurous acid
c. 45 – 60C e. Picric acid
d. 55 – 60C 128. Most common and fastest decalcifying agent
115. Fixatives for electron microscopy, EXCEPT a. Citric acid
a. Glutaraldehyde b. Chromic acid
b. Osmium tetroxide c. Nitric acid
c. Platinic – chloride d. Trichloroacetic acid
d. Silver chloride 129. Recommended for needle and small biopsy to permit rapid
e. Zamboni’s diagnosis within 24 hours or less
116. Factors retarding fixation, EXCEPT a. Formol – nitric acid
a. Blood b. 10% Aqueous Nitric Add Solution
b. Mucus c. HCl
c. Fats d. Flemming’s
d. High temperature 130. Decalcifies and soften tissues
117. Temperature that accelerates fixation but hastens autolytic a. Phloroglucin – Nitric Acid
changes and enzyme destruction b. Perenyi’s fluid
a. 18 – 24C c. Von Ebner’s
b. 30 – 37C d. Formic Acid – Sodium Nitrate
c. 37 – 56C 131. Most rapid decalcifying agent (12 – 24 hours)
d. 56 – 60C a. Phloroglucin – Nitric Acid
118. Associated with intense eosinophilic staining caused by b. Perenyi’s fluid
partial coagulation of partially fixed protein or incomplete wax c. Von Ebner’s
impregnations d. Formic Acid – Sodium Nitrate
a. Acid formaldehyde hematin 132. Decalcifying agent recommended for teeth and small pieces
b. Crush artefact of bone
c. Paraformaldehyde a. Phloroglucin – Nitric Acid
d. Black granular deposits b. Perenyi’s fluid
119. Removal of calcium or lime salts from bones and teeth c. Von Ebner’s
a. Dehydration d. Formic Acid – Sodium Nitrate
b. Fixation 133. Only weak acid used as a primary decalcifying agent
c. Embedding a. Formic acid
d. Decalcification b. Nitric acid
120. Decalcifying agents that form soluble calcium salts c. HCl
a. Chelating agents d. TCA
b. Acids 134. Both fixative and decalcifying agent of routine postmortem
c. Ion exchange resin research tissues
d. Electrophoresis ionization a. Nitric acid
121. Recommended ratio of fluid to tissue volume for b. Formic acid
decalcification c. Chromic acid
a. 10:1 d. Sulfurous acid
b. 15:1 e. Picric acid
c. 20:1 135. BEST general decalcifying agent
d. 25:1 a. 5% formic acid
122. Effect of too rapid removal of calcium salts, EXCEPT b. 10% formic acid
a. Complete digestion of the tissue specimen c. 5% nitric acid
 d. 10% chromic acid 148. A slow dehydrating agent used in plant and animal micro-
136. Combine with calcium ions and other salts to form weakly techniques
dissociated complexes a. Triethyl phosphate
a. Spurr b. Ethyl alcohol
b. Epon c. Acetone
c. Versene d. Butyl alcohol
d. Arkansas 149. Alcohol composed of ethanol and small amounts of methanol
137. Remove calcium ions from formic acid – containing a. Butyl alcohol
decalcifying solutions b. Ethanol
a. Chelating agents c. Industrial methylated spirit
b. Acids d. Methyl alcohol
c. Ion exchange resin 150. Most commonly used enzymes for proteolytic enzyme
d. Electrophoresis ionization digestion
138. Positively charged calcium ions are attracted to a negative a. CK7 and CK20
electrode and removed from the decalcifying agent b. EDTA and Tris-EDTA
a. Chelating agents c. Trypsin and Porotease
b. Acids d. CEA and EMA
c. Ion exchange resin 151. Involves the boiling of formalin – fixed deparaffinized sections
d. Electrophoresis ionization a. Pressure cooker antigen retrieval
139. Touching or bending the tissues with the fingers to determine b. Microwave and trypsin antigen retrieval
the consistency of tissues c. Microwave antigen retrieval
a. Mechanical test d. Proteolytic enzyme digestion
b. Radiological method 152. Highly sensitive marker for epithelial cells present in
c. Chemical method carcinoma
d. Calcium oxalate test a. EMA
140. Most ideal, most sensitive, and most reliable method of b. NSE
determining the extent of decalcification c. PLAP
a. Mechanical test d. Keratin
b. Radiological method 153. CK7 is a marker for the following EXCEPT
c. Chemical method a. Lungs
d. Calcium oxalate test b. Breast
141. Simple, reliable, and convenient method for routine purposes c. Ovaries
done by precipitation of insoluble calcium hydroxide or d. Colon
calcium oxalate 154. CK20 is a marker of:
a. Mechanical test a. Colon
b. Radiological method b. Stomach
c. Chemical method c. Ovaries
142. Indicates complete decalcification d. a and b
a. Cloudiness after 30 minutes 155. (+) CK7 and CK20
b. Clear solution after 30 minutes a. Transitional cell CA of the bladder
c. Blue litmus paper b. Hepatocellular CA
d. Red litmus paper c. Prostatic adenocarcinoma
143. Tissue softeners EXCEPT d. Renal cell CA
a. 4% aq. Phenol 156. TRUE about EMA EXCEPT
b. Molliflex a. (+) for adenocarcinomas of the breast, lungs,
c. 2% HCl and kidneys
d. 1% HCL in 90% alcohol b. Used for differentiating adenocarcinoma (+) and
e. Perenyis’ fluid mesothelioma (-)
144. Removal of fixative and water from the tissue and replacing c. Non – reactive for hepatocellular, adrenal, or
them with dehydrating fluid embryonal CA
a. Dealcoholization d. Negative for lymphoma, sarcomas, and
b. Dehydration melanomas
c. Fixation 157. Oncofetal antigen present in pancreatic and GIT CA
d. Impregnation a. TTF-1
145. Recommended starting alcohol concentration for delicate b. GFAP
tissues c. AFP
a. 70% d. CEA
b. 65% 158. (+) in thyroid, lung, and neuroendocrine tumors; useful for
c. 50 differentiating lung adenocarcinoma from mesotheliomas
d. 30% a. HCG
146. Clear, colorless, flammable fluid recommended for routine b. S100 protein
dehydration; BEST dehydrating agent c. TTF-1
a. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) d. Ki67
b. Ethanol 159. Useful in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma
c. Acetone a. Desmin
d. Dioxane 4 – cellosolve b. Chromogranin
147. Toxic dehydrating agent for blood and tissue films and smear c. PSA
preparations d. CD45
a. Acetone 160. Epithelial tumor marker EXCEPT
b. Diethylene dioxide a. CK7 and CK20
c. Methyl alcohol b. CEA
d. Butyl alcohol c. TTF – 1
d. AFP
161. Intermediate filament markers EXCEPT b. Myoglobin
a. Keratin c. Myosin
b. Actin d. Myogenin
c. S100 protein 175. NOT a marker for vascular tumors
d. Vimentin a. Factor VII – related antigen
162. (+) for melanomas and schwannomas b. CD 34
a. Vimentin c. CD31
b. Desmin d. Ulex Europaeus (UEA)
c. Actin 176. Derived from neural crest that are react with S100 protein
d. S100 protein a. Glial cells
163. Highly specific for myogenic tumors, leiomyoma and b. Melanocytes
rhabdosarcoma c. Chondorocytes
a. Actin d. Lymphocytes
b. NSE 177. Best screening marker for lymphoma
c. Desmin a. CD49
d. CD45 b. LCA
164. Identify tumors derived from all types of muscle c. HNA
a. Desmin d. CD55
b. Vimentin 178. Cell proliferation markers
c. Actin a. PCNA
d. PLAP b. PFAP
165. (+) for neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, neuromas, c. Ki67 (MIB-1)
chemodectomas, and pheochromocytomas d. a,b, and c
a. CEA e. b and c
b. HCG 179. Animal used in production of monoclonal antibodies
c. AFP a. Rabbit
d. NF b. Horse
166. Most widely used to confirm diagnosis of astrocytoma c. Mice
a. S100 protein d. Goat
b. CK7 and CK20 180. Most commonly used antibody for immunohistochemistry
c. GFAP a. IgA
d. NSE b. IgD
167. Marker of LMW calcium – binding proteins expressed in c. IgM
Schwann cells, histiocytes, chondrocytes, and melanocytes d. IgG
a. Synaptophysin
b. S100 protein
c. LCA
d. EMA
168. Neuroendocrine markers EXCEPT
a. NSE
b. NF
c. Chromogranin
d. Synaptophysin
169. Marker for neuroendocrine differentiation
a. NF
b. NSE
c. Chromogranin
d. a and b
e. b and c
170. Germ cell tumor markers EXCEPT
a. AFP
b. HCG
c. CEA
d. PLAP
171. Marker for endodermal sinus tumors showing yolk sac
differentiation
a. PLAP
b. PSA
c. AFP
d. EMA
172. Synthesized by the placental synctiotrophoblasts for
choriocarcinoma
a. HCG
b. PLAP
c. CD31
d. CD45
173. Marker for germinomas
a. TTF-1
b. PSA
c. NF
d. PLAP
174. NOT a marker for myogenic tumors
a. Myo-D1
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
Specimens accepted for gross description only, Type/s of hones:
except:
BELGIUM YELLOW
A. BONE FRAGMENTS FROM NON
PLATE GLASS HONE
PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE
ARKANSAS
B. VARICOSE VEINS
FINE CARBORUNDUM
C. ALL
Common special stains in histopath, except:
D. TORN MENISCUS
HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING
E. NONE
Temperature of paraffin oven or incubator: 55-
F. FETUS
60C or 6-10 C above the melting point of the
G. EAR CARTILAGE paraffin wax:

Ideal technique of dehydration using ethyl BLOCKING OR CASTING

alcohol:
EMBEDDING
INCREASING PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL
Both dehydrating and clearing agents:
Characteristics of a good fixative:
DIOXANE 4 CELLOSOLVE
STABLE
A type of autopsy which requires consent from
KILL CELL QUICKLY the legal next-of-kin before it can be performed.
EXCEPT
CHEAP
MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY
SAFE TO HANDLE
This holds the tissue in place while tissue
INHIBIT BACTERIAL DECOMPOSITIONS
processing occurs
AND AUTOLYSIS
TISSUE CASSETTE
Reagent used in PAS staining:
Types of incision done during autopsy. EXCEPT
MAYER’S HAEMATOXYLIN
S-SHAPED INCISION
SCHIFF’S REAGENT
Type of microtome for routine sectioning of
PERIODIC ACID
tissues
FNAB: benign
ROTARY
ABSENCE OF CANCER CELL. THE LUMP
This type of staining involves the use of a
OR GROWTH IS UNDER CONTROL AND
mordant to facilitate a particular staining method,
HAS NO SPREAD TO OTHER AREAS OF THE
or accentuator to improve either the selectivity
BODY
or intensity of the stain
INDIRECT STAINING
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
The rate of impregnation is affected by which of RENDER NO DAMAGE TO TISSUE CELLS
the following factor/s? OR FIBERS
THE CLEARING AGENT USED As tissue ages, it undergoes the following
physiologic changes, EXCEPT
LOW PRESSURED EMBEDDING OVEN
ELASTIC FIBERS FRAGMENT, BIND TO
TISSUE
CALCIUM IONS AND BECOME MORE
Fixative of choice for routine histology ELASTIC

FORMAL SALINE Most widely used embedding media

Microtome used for electron microscopy PARAFFIN

ULTRATHIN Which of the following is used for

immunohistochemistry
To remove air bubbles trapped beneath the
sections, the following methods can be used, ZINC FORMALIN
EXCEPT
Equipment used for making thin sections of
PLACE SECTIONS ON A SLIDE AND APPLY tissue sample embedded by paraffin wax
5% ALCOHOL
MICROTOME
EOSIN STAINS FOR WHAT COMPONENT OF
Specimen accessioning is part of what phase of
THE CELL
laboratory testing
CYTOPLASM
PRE-ANALYTICAL
What should be done to concentrate the cells in
A connective tissue cell capable of releasing
fluid samples such as urine
heparin, histamine and proteolytic enzymes in
CENTRIFUGATION response to injury

Clearing agent of choice for delicate tissues and MAST CELLS

has the least hardening effect
Purpose of honing
CEDAR WOOD OIL
CORRECT THE BEVEL OF THE KNIFE
What kind of tissue is described as a hard,
RESTORE A STRAIGHT CUTTING EDGE OF
calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers
THE KNIFE
which also contains many blood vessels?
REMOVE BLEMISHES AND GROSS NICKS
BONE TISSUE
A dehydrating agent which can be used as a
Qualities of a good decalcifying agent
clearing solution
DOES NOT ALTER SUBSEQUENT STAINING
DIOXANE
REQUIRES SHORTER TIME FOR
This is a mechanical device used for cutting
DECALCIFICATION
sections of tissue of appropriate thickness
REMOVES CALCIUM DEPOSITS
MICROTOME
COMPLETELY
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
Polishing action in stropping Type of microtome knife with a flat cutting
surface and concave on the other side
TOE TO HEEL
PLANO CONCAVE
Most widely used clearing agent
When tissue is fixed with formalin, it causes:
XYLENE
PROTECT FROM DEGENERATION
Most widely used microtome for routine
sectioning The chemical theory of staining states that all
acid dyes stain acidic elements and basic dyes
ROTARY
stain basic components
In doing Cell cytology, you have to note first the
TRUE
sample submitted:
Formalin is used in what part of tissue
VOLUME
processing
COLOR
FIXATION
TRANSPARENCY
Paraffin wax is used in what part/s of tissue
Removes all gross nicks and irregularities of the processing
knife edge with the use of wet stone
INFILTRATION
HONING
EMBEDDING
Hydration process is done with graded alcohols
IMPREGNATION
ranging from
Disadvantage of using rotary microtome
HIGHER TO LOWER CONCENTRATION
NOT SUITABLE FOR SECTIONING LARGE &
Process of removing water from the tissues:
HARD TISSUES
DEHYDRATION
Process of polishing an already fairly shaped
All of the following are used as a lubricant in edge of knife
honing, EXCEPT
STROPPING
ANILINE OIL
Substance that causes certain reactions to take
Histopathology specimen should be: place by forming a link between the tissue and
the stain
PLACED IN A WELL-SEALED LEAK PROOF
CONTAINER MORDANT

TRANSPORTED AT ROOM TEMP Limbs of the corpse become stiff and are difficult
to move or manipulate
LABELED WITH A 10% FORMALIN HAZARD
LABEL RIGOR MORTIS

Most widely used clearing agent Gross examination of tissue specimen is done
only by________, except:
XYLENE
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
This is the angle between cutting facets CHEMICAL SIGNATURES IN THE SAMPLE
IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS POINT IN THE
BEVEL ANGLE
CELLS
What is the least reliable method in determining
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELLS,
the completeness of tissue decalcification?
ORGANS, TISSUES AND WHOLE BODY
FLEXIBILITY METHOD
Subspecialties of anatomical pathology
An additional dye used to produce a contrasting
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
background or to make clearer the distinction
between different kinds of tissue HISTOPATHOLOGY
COUNTERSTAIN CYTOPATHOLOGY

The purpose of this step is to remove excess FORENSIC PATHOLOGY

alcohol in tissues after dehydration
DERMATOPATHOLOGY
CLEARING
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
What is the first step in tissue processing
FISH TECHNOLOGY
SPECIMEN ACCESSIONING
CYTOGENETICS
Which of the following is not involved during the
Obtained during surgery
fixation process?
Ex: breast lump during masectomy
CROSSLINKING OF CARBOHYDRATES
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
2 classification of pathology
Examination of cells under a microscope
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
(stained)
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Study of morphologic aspects of the disease
Cells from body fluids, scrappings or aspiration
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Ex: cervical smear, sputum gastric washing
Morbid anatomy CYTOPATHOLOGY

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Post morterm examination-autopsy

Dissection and microscope examination FORENSIC PATHOLOGY

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Skin diseases

Biopsy DERMATOPATHOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMICAL MAKE UP OF THE Immunohistochemistry and FISH technology
SAMPLE
ORIGIN OF TUMORS
MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF CELLS
DETERMINE THE RESPONSE FOR
TREATMENT
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
INFECTION Disease
PROGNOTIC MARKERS IN CANCER CHANGE IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION
(OCCURS METASTASIS) THAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE ABNORMAL
WITHIN THE BODY
Classification of clinical pathology
ALTERATION OF HOMEOSTASIS
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY
State of sameness or normally the body strizes
MICROBIOLOGY
to maintain
IMMUNOPATHOLOLOGY
HOMEOSTASIS
HEMATOPATHOLOGY
Pathologic condition of the body and mind
BLOOD BANKING
Ex:
Involves the lab analysis of body fluids (urine,
vitamin deficiency
blood, CSF, bodily tissue)
malformation of a joint
LAB MEDICINE
DISORDER
AKA clinical chemistry; Assessment of blood
and urine Group of symptoms caused by several
interrelated problems
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
Ex:
Study of immune system disorder such as:
Down syndrome
Immunodeficiency
AIDS
Organ transplant rejection
Tourette's syndrome
Allergies
SYNDROME
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Structural or morphological alterations
Diagnosis of blood diseases
associated with a disease state in an individual
HEMATOLOGY OR HEMAPATHOLOGY
LESION
Role of histotechnologist
Change which is specifically characteristics of a
ADHERE TO POLICIES AND PROCEDURES disease
REPORT PROBLEMS TO PATHOLOGIST Ex:
(REAGENT SUPPLIES, EQUIPMENT
Reed-Sternberg cell (RS cell)
MALFUNCTION)
Hodgkin disease
POOR SECTIONING OF RESIDENTS
PATHOGNOMONIC LESION
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
Manifestation of disease that are observed Smoking
Ex: Alcohol drinking

Vomiting Poor nutrition

CLINICAL SIGN Lack of exercise

Subjected feelings of an abnormal in the body Stress

Subjective CLASSIFICATION OF LIFESTYLE

Can only be reported by the affected individual Genetic make up

Ex: Nausea Heart disease
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS Cancer

Age, Gender, Environment, Lifestyle, and EXAMPLES OF HEREDITY

Heredity
Caused by a physical injury from an external
PREDISPOSING FACTORS force

Newborns and elderly Leading cause of death in children and young

adults
CLASSIFICATION OF AGE
Varies with age, race and residence
Immune systems are not fully developed
TRAUMA
NEWBORNS
Motor vehicle accidents
Immune system are degenerating
Firearms
ELDERLY
Poison
Female and male
Falls
CLASSIFICATION OF GENDER
Suffocation
Osteoporosis
Suicide
Rheumatoid arthritis
Homicide
Breast cancer
EXAMPLES OF TRAUMA
FEMALE
Protective immune response that is triggered by
Lung cancer
any type of injury or irritant
Gout
INFLAMMATION
High uric acid
MALE
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
Rubor Overconsumption of nutrients and lack of
exercise
Calor
Ex:
Dolor
Cardiovascular disease
Loss of motion
Arterioclerosis
Tumor
Bone and joint problem
EXAMPLES OF INFLAMMATION
OBESITY
Refers to invasion of microorganisms into tissue
that causes cell or tissue injury Usually related to diet, metabollic disorder and
some medications
INFECTION
VITAMIN AND MINERAL EXCESS
Both have increase number of cells which lead
DEFICIENCY
to increase in tissue size
Body's lymphocytes cannot identify the body's
HYPERPLASIA AND NEOPLASM
own self-Ag which are harmless
Overgrowth in response to some type of
AUTOIMMUNITY
stimulus
Decrease or absence of lymphocytes
Ex:
Ex:
Female breast at puberty
AIDS
Partial hepatectomy
Organ recipients
HYPERPLASIA
Cancer patients after chemo or radiotherapy
Tumors
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
NEOPLASMS
Infectious disease
Overconsumption or underconsumption of
nutrients Non-infectious disease
NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE Idiopathic
Inadequate nutrient intake Psychosomatic
MALNUTRITION TYPES OF DISEASE

Individual who has an ill, thin wasted

appearance
CACHEXIA
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
Specimens accepted for gross description only, Type/s of hones:
except:
BELGIUM YELLOW
A. BONE FRAGMENTS FROM NON
PLATE GLASS HONE
PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE
ARKANSAS
B. VARICOSE VEINS
FINE CARBORUNDUM
C. ALL
Common special stains in histopath, except:
D. TORN MENISCUS
HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING
E. NONE
Temperature of paraffin oven or incubator: 55-
F. FETUS
60C or 6-10 C above the melting point of the
G. EAR CARTILAGE paraffin wax:

Ideal technique of dehydration using ethyl BLOCKING OR CASTING

alcohol:
EMBEDDING
INCREASING PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL
Both dehydrating and clearing agents:
Characteristics of a good fixative:
DIOXANE 4 CELLOSOLVE
STABLE
A type of autopsy which requires consent from
KILL CELL QUICKLY the legal next-of-kin before it can be performed.
EXCEPT
CHEAP
MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY
SAFE TO HANDLE
This holds the tissue in place while tissue
INHIBIT BACTERIAL DECOMPOSITIONS
processing occurs
AND AUTOLYSIS
TISSUE CASSETTE
Reagent used in PAS staining:
Types of incision done during autopsy. EXCEPT
MAYER’S HAEMATOXYLIN
S-SHAPED INCISION
SCHIFF’S REAGENT
Type of microtome for routine sectioning of
PERIODIC ACID
tissues
FNAB: benign
ROTARY
ABSENCE OF CANCER CELL. THE LUMP
This type of staining involves the use of a
OR GROWTH IS UNDER CONTROL AND
mordant to facilitate a particular staining method,
HAS NO SPREAD TO OTHER AREAS OF THE
or accentuator to improve either the selectivity
BODY
or intensity of the stain
INDIRECT STAINING
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
The rate of impregnation is affected by which of RENDER NO DAMAGE TO TISSUE CELLS
the following factor/s? OR FIBERS
THE CLEARING AGENT USED As tissue ages, it undergoes the following
physiologic changes, EXCEPT
LOW PRESSURED EMBEDDING OVEN
ELASTIC FIBERS FRAGMENT, BIND TO
TISSUE
CALCIUM IONS AND BECOME MORE
Fixative of choice for routine histology ELASTIC

FORMAL SALINE Most widely used embedding media

Microtome used for electron microscopy PARAFFIN

ULTRATHIN Which of the following is used for

immunohistochemistry
To remove air bubbles trapped beneath the
sections, the following methods can be used, ZINC FORMALIN
EXCEPT
Equipment used for making thin sections of
PLACE SECTIONS ON A SLIDE AND APPLY tissue sample embedded by paraffin wax
5% ALCOHOL
MICROTOME
EOSIN STAINS FOR WHAT COMPONENT OF
Specimen accessioning is part of what phase of
THE CELL
laboratory testing
CYTOPLASM
PRE-ANALYTICAL
What should be done to concentrate the cells in
A connective tissue cell capable of releasing
fluid samples such as urine
heparin, histamine and proteolytic enzymes in
CENTRIFUGATION response to injury

Clearing agent of choice for delicate tissues and MAST CELLS

has the least hardening effect
Purpose of honing
CEDAR WOOD OIL
CORRECT THE BEVEL OF THE KNIFE
What kind of tissue is described as a hard,
RESTORE A STRAIGHT CUTTING EDGE OF
calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers
THE KNIFE
which also contains many blood vessels?
REMOVE BLEMISHES AND GROSS NICKS
BONE TISSUE
A dehydrating agent which can be used as a
Qualities of a good decalcifying agent
clearing solution
DOES NOT ALTER SUBSEQUENT STAINING
DIOXANE
REQUIRES SHORTER TIME FOR
This is a mechanical device used for cutting
DECALCIFICATION
sections of tissue of appropriate thickness
REMOVES CALCIUM DEPOSITS
MICROTOME
COMPLETELY
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
Polishing action in stropping Type of microtome knife with a flat cutting
surface and concave on the other side
TOE TO HEEL
PLANO CONCAVE
Most widely used clearing agent
When tissue is fixed with formalin, it causes:
XYLENE
PROTECT FROM DEGENERATION
Most widely used microtome for routine
sectioning The chemical theory of staining states that all
acid dyes stain acidic elements and basic dyes
ROTARY
stain basic components
In doing Cell cytology, you have to note first the
TRUE
sample submitted:
Formalin is used in what part of tissue
VOLUME
processing
COLOR
FIXATION
TRANSPARENCY
Paraffin wax is used in what part/s of tissue
Removes all gross nicks and irregularities of the processing
knife edge with the use of wet stone
INFILTRATION
HONING
EMBEDDING
Hydration process is done with graded alcohols
IMPREGNATION
ranging from
Disadvantage of using rotary microtome
HIGHER TO LOWER CONCENTRATION
NOT SUITABLE FOR SECTIONING LARGE &
Process of removing water from the tissues:
HARD TISSUES
DEHYDRATION
Process of polishing an already fairly shaped
All of the following are used as a lubricant in edge of knife
honing, EXCEPT
STROPPING
ANILINE OIL
Substance that causes certain reactions to take
Histopathology specimen should be: place by forming a link between the tissue and
the stain
PLACED IN A WELL-SEALED LEAK PROOF
CONTAINER MORDANT

TRANSPORTED AT ROOM TEMP Limbs of the corpse become stiff and are difficult
to move or manipulate
LABELED WITH A 10% FORMALIN HAZARD
LABEL RIGOR MORTIS

Most widely used clearing agent Gross examination of tissue specimen is done
only by________, except:
XYLENE
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
This is the angle between cutting facets CHEMICAL SIGNATURES IN THE SAMPLE
IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS POINT IN THE
BEVEL ANGLE
CELLS
What is the least reliable method in determining
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELLS,
the completeness of tissue decalcification?
ORGANS, TISSUES AND WHOLE BODY
FLEXIBILITY METHOD
Subspecialties of anatomical pathology
An additional dye used to produce a contrasting
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
background or to make clearer the distinction
between different kinds of tissue HISTOPATHOLOGY
COUNTERSTAIN CYTOPATHOLOGY

The purpose of this step is to remove excess FORENSIC PATHOLOGY

alcohol in tissues after dehydration
DERMATOPATHOLOGY
CLEARING
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
What is the first step in tissue processing
FISH TECHNOLOGY
SPECIMEN ACCESSIONING
CYTOGENETICS
Which of the following is not involved during the
Obtained during surgery
fixation process?
Ex: breast lump during masectomy
CROSSLINKING OF CARBOHYDRATES
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
2 classification of pathology
Examination of cells under a microscope
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
(stained)
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Study of morphologic aspects of the disease
Cells from body fluids, scrappings or aspiration
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Ex: cervical smear, sputum gastric washing
Morbid anatomy CYTOPATHOLOGY

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Post morterm examination-autopsy

Dissection and microscope examination FORENSIC PATHOLOGY

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Skin diseases

Biopsy DERMATOPATHOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMICAL MAKE UP OF THE Immunohistochemistry and FISH technology
SAMPLE
ORIGIN OF TUMORS
MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF CELLS
DETERMINE THE RESPONSE FOR
TREATMENT
BGBS | Histopath Samplex
INFECTION Disease
PROGNOTIC MARKERS IN CANCER CHANGE IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION
(OCCURS METASTASIS) THAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE ABNORMAL
WITHIN THE BODY
Classification of clinical pathology
ALTERATION OF HOMEOSTASIS
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY
State of sameness or normally the body strizes
MICROBIOLOGY
to maintain
IMMUNOPATHOLOLOGY
HOMEOSTASIS
HEMATOPATHOLOGY
Pathologic condition of the body and mind
BLOOD BANKING
Ex:
Involves the lab analysis of body fluids (urine,
vitamin deficiency
blood, CSF, bodily tissue)
malformation of a joint
LAB MEDICINE
DISORDER
AKA clinical chemistry; Assessment of blood
and urine Group of symptoms caused by several
interrelated problems
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
Ex:
Study of immune system disorder such as:
Down syndrome
Immunodeficiency
AIDS
Organ transplant rejection
Tourette's syndrome
Allergies
SYNDROME
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Structural or morphological alterations
Diagnosis of blood diseases
associated with a disease state in an individual
HEMATOLOGY OR HEMAPATHOLOGY
LESION
Role of histotechnologist
Change which is specifically characteristics of a
ADHERE TO POLICIES AND PROCEDURES disease
REPORT PROBLEMS TO PATHOLOGIST Ex:
(REAGENT SUPPLIES, EQUIPMENT
Reed-Sternberg cell (RS cell)
MALFUNCTION)
Hodgkin disease
POOR SECTIONING OF RESIDENTS
PATHOGNOMONIC LESION
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Manifestation of disease that are observed Smoking
Ex: Alcohol drinking

Vomiting Poor nutrition

CLINICAL SIGN Lack of exercise

Subjected feelings of an abnormal in the body Stress

Subjective CLASSIFICATION OF LIFESTYLE

Can only be reported by the affected individual Genetic make up

Ex: Nausea Heart disease
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS Cancer

Age, Gender, Environment, Lifestyle, and EXAMPLES OF HEREDITY

Heredity
Caused by a physical injury from an external
PREDISPOSING FACTORS force

Newborns and elderly Leading cause of death in children and young

adults
CLASSIFICATION OF AGE
Varies with age, race and residence
Immune systems are not fully developed
TRAUMA
NEWBORNS
Motor vehicle accidents
Immune system are degenerating
Firearms
ELDERLY
Poison
Female and male
Falls
CLASSIFICATION OF GENDER
Suffocation
Osteoporosis
Suicide
Rheumatoid arthritis
Homicide
Breast cancer
EXAMPLES OF TRAUMA
FEMALE
Protective immune response that is triggered by
Lung cancer
any type of injury or irritant
Gout
INFLAMMATION
High uric acid
MALE
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Rubor Overconsumption of nutrients and lack of
exercise
Calor
Ex:
Dolor
Cardiovascular disease
Loss of motion
Arterioclerosis
Tumor
Bone and joint problem
EXAMPLES OF INFLAMMATION
OBESITY
Refers to invasion of microorganisms into tissue
that causes cell or tissue injury Usually related to diet, metabollic disorder and
some medications
INFECTION
VITAMIN AND MINERAL EXCESS
Both have increase number of cells which lead
DEFICIENCY
to increase in tissue size
Body's lymphocytes cannot identify the body's
HYPERPLASIA AND NEOPLASM
own self-Ag which are harmless
Overgrowth in response to some type of
AUTOIMMUNITY
stimulus
Decrease or absence of lymphocytes
Ex:
Ex:
Female breast at puberty
AIDS
Partial hepatectomy
Organ recipients
HYPERPLASIA
Cancer patients after chemo or radiotherapy
Tumors
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
NEOPLASMS
Infectious disease
Overconsumption or underconsumption of
nutrients Non-infectious disease
NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE Idiopathic
Inadequate nutrient intake Psychosomatic
MALNUTRITION TYPES OF DISEASE

Individual who has an ill, thin wasted

appearance
CACHEXIA
Which of the following is an elicited effect of How many changes of paraffin wax is The eosin has high affinity for ____
the process dehydration? essential to remove the clearing agent in an components in the cell.
automatic tissue processor?
a. Harden tissue a. Basic
b. Remove fixative and water a. 3-5 b. Neutral
c. Stabilization of proteins b. 1-3 c. None of these
d. Make tissue clear c. 1-2 d. Acidic
d. 2-3
Best general decalcifying agent. Which of the following person first
Which of the following technique is carried introduced the use of paraffin in wax
a. Phloroglucin nitric acid out on the knife to remove burr? embedding procedure?
b. Von Ebner's
c. 5% Formic acid a. Stropping a. Pappenheimer
d. Flemming's fluid b. Polishing b. Papanicolaou
c. Trimming c. Butschlii
Embryonic and animal tissues should start the d. Honing d. Walter
dehydration process in the initial
concentration of ___? Plane concave knife can be used to cut tissue Which of the following technique is carried
sections embedded using ____. out on the knife to remove gross nicks?
a. 65%
b. 30% a. Paraffin a. Polishing
c. 70% b. Neither b. Trimming
d. 95% c. Celloidin c. Honing
d. Either d. Stropping
Which of the following fixative is used to
preserve sputum? Which of the following is a known function of Which among the choices is the correct way
Perenyi's fluid? of carrying out the honing procedure?
a. Methyl alcohol
b. Alcoholic Formalin a. Either a. 30 double strokes toe to head
c. Isopropyl alcohol b. Neither b. 30 double strokes heel to toe
d. Ethyl alcohol c. Fixative c. 30 double strokes head to toe
d. Tissue softener d. 30 double strokes toe to heel
Most rapid decalcifying agent.
Which of the following decalcifying agents is Best known aldehyde fixative.
a. Von Ebner's not suitable for fluids containing mineral
b. Perenyi's fluid acids? a. Formol corrosive
c. Formol nitic acid b. 10% Neutral buffered formalin
d. Phloroglucin nitric acid a. Chelating agents c. Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-
b. Electrophoresis glutaraldehyde
c. Ion exchange resins d. Acrolein
d. Acid decalcifying agents
Which of the following step is implored to get Which of the following decalcifying agents is Which of the following chemical is added to
rid of the unwanted artifacts upon staining? ideal for immunohistochemical staining in gelatin to inhibit the growth of molds?
tissue sections?
a. Dealcoholization a. Phenol
b. Differentiator a. Ion exchange resins b. Ethanol
c. Deparaffinization b. Acid decalcifying agents c. Methanol
d. Washing out c. Electrophoresis d. Resin
d. Chelating agents
Which among the choices is the correct way Ideally to facilitate a quality embedding
of carrying out the stropping procedure? Which of the following embedding medium produce paraffin should be melted in a
can be used to the tissue even without prior paraffin oven with a temperature ________
a. 30 double stroke toe to heel dehydration and clearing of the tissue the melting point of the paraffin wax used.
b. 40 double stroke heel to toe specimen?
c. 30 double stroke heel to toe a. 4-6°C below
d. 40 double stroke toe to heel a. Paraplast b. 2-5°C above
b. Carbowax c. 2-5°C below
Which of the following techniques can hasten c. Paraffin d. 4-6°C above
decalcification process? d. Esterwax
Which of the following fixatives can fix bone
a. All of these A medical technologist happens to proceed marrow biopsies for 1.5 to 2 hours?
b. Greater amount of decalcifying agent with decalcification following a temperature
c. Application of heat of 37°C. Which of the tissue elements would a. Zenker’s formol
d. More concentrated decalcifying agent not be visible if Van Gieson's stain was b. Schaudinn’s fixative
implored? c. B5 fixative
Decalcification process using ion exchange d. Heidenhain Susa
resins can be hasten using ___? a. None of these
b. Fibroelastic fibers A part of the automatic tissue processor
a. Tricholoroacetic acid responsible for moving the tissue specimen
b. Formic acid c. Collagen fibers
d. Elastic fibers from a processing reagent to another.
c. Formol nitric acid
d. Chromic acid Which of the following embedding medium a. Probe
that would be used will take take long period b. Beam balance
Denatured alcohol is a compound of what c. Transfer foot
alcohol/s? of time to be accomplished?
d. Transfer arm
a. Either a. Paraplast
b. Cellloidin Which of the following techniques can cause
b. Isopropyl alcohol damage to the tissue being processed for
c. Methyl alcohol c. Carbowax
d. Tissue mat decalcification?
d. Neither
a. All of these
b. More concentrated decalcifying agent
 c. Greater amount of decalcifying agent Which of the following honing stone is used A medical technologist submerges a tissue
d. Application of heat for badly nicked and jagged knives? specimen at a decalcifying agent following a
temperature of 55°C. What would more likely
Completeness of the decalcification process is a. Belgium yellow happen to the tissue after 24 hours.
measured through poking a rod or a stick b. Fine carborandum
unto the tissue to approximate. c. Whetstone a. Tissue will become soft
d. Arkansas b. Tissue will have impaired nuclear
a. Xray method staining
b. None of these Which of the following embedding medium c. Tissue will have impaired cytoplasmic
c. Physical method can be used to the tissue even without prior staining
d. Chemical method clearing of the tissue specimen? d. Tissue will undergo complete
Which of the following embedding medium is a. Ester wax digestion
recommended for whole eye section? b. Paraplast Which of the following is not an ideal fixative
c. Embeddol characteristic?
a. Carbowax d. Tissue mat
b. Paraplast a. Provide distortion
c. Ester wax Which of the following dehydrating agents is b. Harden tissue
d. Bioloid used in the routine process of dehydrating c. Produce minimum shrinkage
tissue samples? d. Inhibit bacterial decomposition
Which of the following is a part of an
automatic tissue processor responsible for a. Methyl alcohol Which of the following technique is carried
controlling the time necessary for each b. Isopropyl alcohol out on the knife to remove gross irregularities
processing step? c. Ethyl alcohol in the tissue section during microtomy?
d. Butyl alcohol
a. Mechanical clock a. Honing
b. Digital clock Tissue in fixation is preserved by preventing b. Polishing
c. Electrical clock the following except. c. Trimming
d. Alarm clock d. Stropping
a. Hardening
Which of the following is an ideal pH for b. Putrefaction Considered as the simplest among the types
fixation? c. Distortion of microtomes.
d. Degeneration
a. 5-9 a. Rotary microtome
b. 5-7 Fixes connective tissue mucin and is b. Freezing microtome
c. 6-8 recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides. c. Sliding microtome
d. 6-9 d. Rocking microtome
a. Chromate fixatives
b. Mercuric chloride fixatives
c. Picric acid fixatives
d. Lead fixatives
Which of the following decalcifying agents is d. Tree Which of the following is the major
ideal for enzyme staining in tissue sections? disadvantage of using the rocking microtome?
Which of the following among the choices is
a. Electrophoresis not a freezing agent? a. Sections are liable to disintegrate
b. Acid decalcifying agents b. Turning the ratchet feed wheel
c. Ion exchange resins a. Isohexane c. Reorienting the block
d. Chelating agents b. Carbon dioxide d. Inclining the pawl
c. Liquid nitrogen
Which of the following agent is known to be d. Aerosol spray The technician is currently on the embedding
toxic to the liver upon prolonged exposure? stage of the tissue processing to facilitate
Sections to be cut using the ultrathin producing a quality tissue block the
a. Chloroform microtome are fixed using ___. technician must ensure that the paraffin oven
b. Benzene temperature must be kept at ______.
c. Xylene a. Gluteraldehyde
d. Toluene b. Formol saline a. 60-65°C
c. 10% Formalin b. 45-50°C
What is the maximum amount of frequency d. Osmium tetroxide c. 55-60°
that a paraffin wax can be reused no matter if d. 50-55°C
it was filtered? Which of the following fixative is best used
for iron containing granules tissue? Which among the honing stone gives a better
a. 1x polishing effect?
b. 3x a. Formol calcium
c. 5x b. 10% Neutral buffered formalin a. Fine carborandum
d. 2x c. 10% Formol saline b. Belgium yellow
d. Formol corrosive c. Whetstone
Which of the following clearing agent is d. Arkansas
known to cause damage on the bone marrow Which of the following aldehyde fixatives
upon prolonged exposure and may potential contains mercuric chloride? Excellent fixative for glycogen
cause aplastic type of anemia. a. Glutaraldehyde a. Ohlmacher’s
a. Chloroform b. Acrolein b. Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol fixative
b. Benzene c. Formol corrosive c. Orth’s fluid
c. Xylene d. Formol calcium d. Chromic acid
d. Toluene A biconcave knife is ideally used using a ___. Rehydration of the tissue section is done
Which of the following is a source for the a. Sliding microtome using _____.
stain hematoxylin? b. Rocking microtome a. Descending grade of xylene
a. Blood c. Freezing microtome b. Ascending grade of xylene
b. Insect d. Rotary microtome c. Ascending grade of alcohol
c. Moss d. Descending grade of alcohol
Which of the following classes of alcohol can d. Ultraviolet c. Calcium oxalate
be used in a dehydration process imploring d. Triple phosphate
the microwave technique? Which of the following process would
describe a tissue being arranged in precise Copper sulfate will turn to ____ color if the
a. Isopropyl alcohol positions in the mold? dehydration process is completed.
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Ethyl alcohol a. Orientation a. Green
d. Denatured alcohol b. Embedding b. Violet
c. Blocking c. Blue
The hematoxylin has high affinity for ____ d. Casting d. White
components in the cell.
Which of the following clearing agents is The presence of an odor in the final bath of
a. Basic recommended for CNS tissues? paraffin that smells like the _______ indicates
b. None of these that the paraffin wax in the baths should be
c. Acidic a. Carbon tetrachloride changed.
d. Neutral b. Aniline oil
c. Clove oil a. Clearing agent
Which of the following is a correct tissue to d. Cedarwood oil b. Fixative
fluid ratio in the process of decalcification? c. Dehydrating agent
Which of the following type of knife is used to d. Decalcifying agent
a. 1:20 cut resin embedded sections?
b. 10:1 Which of the following is the most common
c. 1:10 a. Glass knife and regarded as one of the best embedding
d. 20:1 b. Ralph knife media?
c. Diamond knife
What would be the appropriate melting point d. Steel knife a. Gelatin
of the paraffin if the current laboratory b. Celloidin
temperature is at 16°C. Which of the following dehydrating agent is c. Plastic
used in blood film preparation? d. Paraffin
a. 54°C
b. 55°C a. Methyl alcohol The biconcave knife is ideally used for tissue
c. 57°C b. Butyl alcohol embedded using ___.
d. 56°C c. Denatured alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol a. Gelatin
Which of the following mechanism hasten the b. Celloidi
impregnation process by removing air Which of the following chemical agent is used c. Paraffin
bubbles within the tissue such as lungs? to measure the completeness of d. Resin
decalcification process?
a. Infrared
b. Heat a. Calcium carbonate
c. Vacuum b. Calcium carbide
Which of the following fixative is best used Admixture of water with the paraffin may be Regaud's fluid is ideal in the preservation and
for iron containing granules tissue? resolved by bringing the heating temperature demonstration of the following cell organelle
all the way up to ______. except.
a. 10% Formol saline
b. Formol calcium a. 120-150° a. Golgi bodies
c. 10% Neutral buffered formalin b. 100-120°C b. Mitochondria
d. Formol corrosive c. 100-105°C c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. 150-200°C d. Chromatin
Which of the following is not a characteristic
of an ideal dehydrating solution? What is the recommended size of the honing What would be the appropriate melting point
stone? of the paraffin if the current laboratory
a. It should not be able to dehydrate temperature is at 23°C.
fatty tissues a. 3 inch x 5 inch
b. It should not harden tissues b. 8 inch x 2 inch a. 52°
excessively c. 8 inch x 5 inch b. 53°
c. It should not remove stains d. 8 inch x 3 inch c. 51°C
d. It should not evaporate very fast d. 55°C
Which of the following decalcifying agent is
In vacuum embedding, a negative ideal for surface decalcification? Which of the solution may act as both fixative
atmospheric pressure is applied to facilitate and a decalcifying agent?
the procedure in such way the machine has a a. Von Ebner's
manometer to monitor that the pressure is b. Tricholoroacetic acid a. 5% Formic acid
maintained at ______. c. 5% Formic acid b. Perenyi's flui
d. Perenyi's fluid c. Von Ebner's
a. 400-500 mmHg d. Phloroglucin nitric acid
b. 300-600 mmH Most rapid fixing fixative
c. 500-600 mmHg Which of the following process is incomplete
a. Bouin’s is a tissue specimen submerged in xylene had
d. 350-500 mmHg b. Flemmings solution turned milky?
Paraffin wax may be used for the second time c. Carnoy’s fluid
granted it was not smelling like the agent d. Newcomer’s fluid a. Dealcoholization
used prior to embedding and if it was filtered b. Clearing
Working solution of formalin is made at what c. Fixation
using ___. concentration? d. Dehydration
a. Greens No. 905 a. 37%
b. Greens No. 90 Which of the following is the coloring
b. 40% substrate of hematoxylin?
c. Greens No. 903 c. 10%
d. Greens No. 904 d. 20% a. Globin
b. Hematin
c. Heme
 d. Hemoglobin d. Rotary microtome b. None of these
c. Physical method
Dehydrating agents are generally used in Which of the following dehydrating agents is d. Xray method
what order of concentration? ideal for delicate tissue such as plant and
animal tissue for it is regarded to have a slow Rossman's formula for fixing tissue in frozen
a. Either penetrating action. section contains ___?
b. Ascending
c. Neithe a. Butyl alcohol a. Acetone
d. Descending b. Ethyl alcohol b. Alcohol
c. Denatured alcoho c. Formalin
Make tissues clear but does not remove d. Methyl alcohol d. Calcium
alcohol.
Which of the following honing stone gives the Which of the following clearing agent is ideal
a. Glycerine best result for honing a knife that had been for urgent biopsies?
b. Clove oil blunted and nicked?
c. Methyl benzoate a. Benzene
d. Aniline oil a. Arkansas b. Xylene
b. Fine carborandum c. Toluene
Which of the following is regarded as the c. Whetston d. Chloroform
most rapid clearing agent? d. Belgium yellow
Which of the following is not a service of the
a. Chloroform Sections to be cut using the ultrathin chemical xylene in the routine H&E staining
b. Toluene microtome are embedded using ___. process?
c. Carbon tetrachloride
d. Xylol a. Gelatin a. Dealcoholization
b. Paraffin b. Differentiator
Which of the following embedding medium is c. Celloidin c. Deparaffinization
recommended for large tissue blocks such as d. Resin d. Clearing
the bones and the brain?
Fixative commonly used in the diagnosis of Which of the following knife is utilized to
a. Embeddol cases for rabies. tough tissue specimen that is embedded
b. Carbowax using paraffin?
c. Paraplast a. Acetone
d. Ester wax b. Flemming's solution a. Plane convex knife
c. Osmium tetroxide b. Plane concave knife
A plane wedge knife is ideally used using a d. Tricholoroacetic acid c. Biconcave knife
___. d. Plane wedge knife
Most sensitive way of measuring
a. Sliding microtome completeness of the decalcification process.
b. Rocking microtome
c. Ultrathin microtome a. Chemical method
Which of the following decalcifying agents is
ideal for electron microscopy in tissue
sections?

a. Acid decalcifying agents

b. Ion exchange resins
c. Electrophoresis
d. Chelating agents
BGBS | Histopathology Samplex
Which of the following is not a service of the
chemical xylene in the routine H&E staining
process?
Differentiator
Which of the following honing stone gives the
best result for honing a knife that had been
blunted and nicked?
Belgium yellow
Which of the following is a correct tissue to fluid
ratio in the process of decalcification?
1:20
Which of the following decalcifying agents is not
suitable for fluids containing mineral acids?
Ion exchange resins
Which of the following is an elicited effect of the
process dehydration?
Remove fixative and water
Sections to be cut using the ultrathin microtome
are embedded using ___
Resin
Which of the following is an ideal pH for fixation?
6-8
Which of the following honing stone is used for
badly nicked and jagged knives?
Fine carborandum
Make tissues clear but does not remove alcohol
Glycerine
Which of the following clearing agent is known
to cause damage on the bone marrow upon
prolonged exposure and may potential cause
aplastic type of anemia
Benzene
Which of the following decalcifying agents is
ideal for enzyme staining in tissue sections?
Chelating agents
A plane wedge knife is ideally used using a ___
Sliding microtome
Which of the following classes of alcohol can be
used in a dehydration process imploring the
microwave technique?
Isopropyl alcohol
Which of the following clearing agent is ideal for
urgent biopsies?
Benzene
Regaud's fluid is ideal in the preservation and
demonstration of the following cell organelle
EXCEPT
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the solution may act as both fixative
and a decalcifying agent?
5% formic acid
Which of the following process is incomplete is
a tissue specimen submerged in xylene had
turned milky?
Dehydration
Which of the following aldehyde fixatives
contains mercuric chloride?
Formol corrosive
Which of the following embedding medium that
would be used will take long period of time to be
accomplished?
Celloidin
Tissue in fixation is preserved by preventing the
following EXCEPT
Hardening
Which of the following is the major disadvantage
of using the rocking microtome?
Reorienting the block
Which among the choices is the correct way of
carrying out the stropping procedure?
40 double stroke toe to heel
BGBS | Histopathology Samplex
Which of the following dehydrating agents is Which of the following chemical agent is used to
ideal for delicate tissue such as plant and animal measure the completeness of decalcification
tissue for it is regarded to have a slow process?
penetrating action
Calcium oxalate
Butyl alcohol
A medical technologist submerges a tissue
Fixative commonly used in the diagnosis of specimen at a decalcifying agent following a
cases for rabies temperature of 55°C. What would more likely
happen to the tissue after 24 hours?
Acetone
Tissue will undergo complete digestion
Which of the following clearing agents is
recommended for CNS tissues? Embryonic and animal tissues should start the
dehydration process in the initial concentration
Cedarwood oil
of ___?
Which of the following fixatives can fix bone
30%
marrow biopsies for 1.5 to 2 hours?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of
B5 fixative
an ideal dehydrating solution?
Which of the following among the choices is not
It should not be able to dehydrate fatty tissues
a freezing agent?
Best general decalcifying agent
Isohexane
5% formic acid
Denatured alcohol is a compound of what
alcohol/s? Which of the following decalcifying agents is
ideal for immunohistochemical staining in tissue
Methyl alcohol
sections?
The eosin has high affinity for ____ components
Chelating agents
in the cell
The hematoxylin has high affinity for ____
Basic
components in the cell
Which of the following dehydrating agent is used
Acidic
in blood film preparation?
What would be the appropriate melting point of
Methyl alcohol
the paraffin if the current laboratory temperature
Copper sulfate will turn to ____ color if the is at 23°C?
dehydration process is completed
55°C
White
Most rapid decalcifying agent
Excellent fixative for glycogen
Phloroglucin nitric acid
Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol fixative
Which of the following person first introduced
Which of the following is a source for the stain the use of paraffin in wax embedding procedure?
hematoxylin?
Butschlii
Tree
Most rapid fixing fixative

Carnoy’s fluid
BGBS | Histopathology Samplex
Which of the following fixative is best used for
iron containing granules tissue?
10% Neutral buffered formalin
A part of the automatic tissue processor
responsible for moving the tissue specimen
from a processing reagent to another
Transfer arm
The biconcave knife is ideally used for tissue
embedded using ___
Paraffin
In vacuum embedding, a negative atmospheric
pressure is applied to facilitate the procedure in
such way the machine has a manometer to
monitor that the pressure is maintained at ___
400-500 mmHg
Which among the choices is the correct way of
carrying out the honing procedure?
30 double strokes heel to toe
Which of the following process would describe a
tissue being arranged in precise positions in the
mold?
Orientation
How many changes of paraffin wax is essential
to remove the clearing agent in an automatic
tissue processor?
2-3
Rehydration of the tissue section is done using
Descending grade of alcohol
Which of the following is the coloring substrate
of hematoxylin?
Hematin
What is the maximum amount of frequency that
a paraffin wax can be reused no matter if it was
filtered?
2x
Which of the following decalcifying agent is ideal
for surface decalcification?
Von Ebner’s
Which of the following is the most common and
regarded as one of the best embedding media?
Paraffin
Which of the following dehydrating agents is
used in the routine process of dehydrating
tissue samples?
Ethyl alcohol
Sections to be cut using the ultrathin microtome
are fixed using ___
Osmium tetroxide
Which of the following type of knife is used to cut
resin embedded sections?
Diamond knife
Which of the following fixative is used to
preserve sputum?
Alcoholic formalin
The presence of an odor in the final bath of
paraffin that smells like the _______ indicates
that the paraffin wax in the baths should be
changed
Clearing agent
Which of the following decalcifying agents is
ideal for electron microscopy in tissue sections?
Chelating agents
Which of the following techniques can cause
damage to the tissue being processed for
decalcification?
Application of heat
Greater amount of decalcifying agent
More concentrated decalcifying agent
Rossman's formula for fixing tissue in frozen
section contains ___
Acetone
BGBS | Histopathology Samplex
Which of the following is regarded as the most Which of the following step is implored to get rid
rapid clearing agent? of the unwanted artifacts upon staining?

Xylol Washing out

A medical technologist happens to proceed with A mixture of water with the paraffin may be
decalcification following a temperature of 37°C. resolved by bringing the heating temperature all
Which of the tissue elements would not be the way up to ______
visible if Van Gieson's stain was implored?
100-105oC
Collagen fibers
Best known aldehyde fixative
Which of the following fixative is best used for
Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde- glutaraldehyde
iron containing granules tissue?
Which of the following embedding medium is
10% Neutral buffered formalin
recommended for whole eye section?
Fixes connective tissue mucin and is
Bioloid
recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides
Plane concave knife can be used to cut tissue
Lead fixatives
sections embedded using ____
A biconcave knife is ideally used using a ___
Celloidin
Rotary microtome
Paraffin
Which of the following is a known function of
Considered as the simplest among the types of
Perenyi's fluid?
microtomes
Tissue softener
Rocking microtome
Dehydrating agents are generally used in what
Decalcification process using ion exchange
order of concentration?
resins can be hasten using ___
Ascending
Formic acid
Which of the following embedding medium is
Most sensitive way of measuring completeness
recommended for large tissue blocks such as
of the decalcification process
the bones and the brain?
Xray method
Paraplast
Which of the following is a part of an automatic
Which of the following techniques can hasten
tissue processor responsible for controlling the
decalcification process?
time necessary for each processing step?
Application of heat
Electrical clock
Greater amount of decalcifying agent
The technician is currently on the embedding
More concentrated decalcifying agent stage of the tissue processing to facilitate
producing a quality tissue block the technician
Which of the following technique is carried out
must ensure that the paraffin oven temperature
on the knife to remove gross irregularities in the
must be kept at ______
tissue section during microtomy?
55-60oC
Honing
BGBS | Histopathology Samplex
Which of the following embedding medium can Which of the following technique is carried out
be used to the tissue even without prior on the knife to remove gross nicks?
dehydration and clearing of the tissue specimen?
Honing
Carbowax
What is the recommended size of the honing
Which of the following agent is known to be toxic stone?
to the liver upon prolonged exposure?
8 x 3 inch
Chloroform
Which of the following chemical is added to
Which of the following technique is carried out gelatin to inhibit the growth of molds?
on the knife to remove burr?
Phenol
Stropping
Which among the honing stone gives a better
Which of the following embedding medium can polishing effect?
be used to the tissue even without prior clearing
Arkansas
of the tissue specimen?
Which of the following is not an ideal fixative
Ester wax
characteristic?
Ideally to facilitate a quality embedding produce
Provide distortion
paraffin should be melted in a paraffin oven with
a temperature ________ the melting point of the Completeness of the decalcification process is
paraffin wax used measured through poking a rod or a stick unto
the tissue to approximate
2-5oC
Physical method
Working solution of formalin is made at what
concentration?

10%

Which of the following knife is utilized to tough

tissue specimen that is embedded using paraffin?

Plane wedge knife

Which of the following mechanism hasten the

impregnation process by removing air bubbles
within the tissue such as lungs?

Vacuum

What would be the appropriate melting point of

the paraffin if the current laboratory temperature
is at 16°C?

54oC

Paraffin wax may be used for the second time

granted it was not smelling like the agent used
prior to embedding and if it was filtered using

Greens No. 904

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Dashboard My courses MTAP 1 2nd Sem SY 2021 MT4-MICO MIDTERM EXAMS

HP MIDTERM M22 MTAP-1 4'2'22 @10:00-12:00PM

Started on Saturday, 2 April 2022, 10:00 AM

State Finished
Completed on Saturday, 2 April 2022, 11:05 AM
Time taken 1 hour 5 mins
Grade 63.00 out of 100.00

Question 1
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The type of necrosis that occurs as a result of syphilis and tularemia:

a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Caseous necrosis
c. Fat necrosis
d. Liquefaction necrosis

The correct answer is: Fat necrosis

Question 2
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

If the clearing agent turned milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it, the most probable reason is:

a. Delayed fixation
b. Incomplete dehydration
c. Prolonged fixation
d. Insufficient impregnation B. Prolonged dehydration

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Question 3

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

All of the following are stains used for the demonstration of collagen, except:

a. Van Gieson’s stain

b. Masson’s trichrome
c. None of these
d. Thomas Hematoxylin

The correct answer is: None of these

Question 4
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

All of the following are true concerning glacial acetic acid, except:

a. It solidifies at 30 C.
b. It is useful in the study of nuclear components of the cell.
c. It fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins.
d. It causes tissues (especially those containing collagen) to swell.

The correct answer is: It solidifies at 30 C.

Question 5
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This metallic fixative is generally indicated for preserving acid mucopolysaccharides:

a. Chromate fixatives
b. Any of the choices
c. Mercury fixatives
d. Lead fixatives

The correct answer is: Lead fixatives

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Question 6

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Formaldehyde is formed from the oxidation of:

a. Isopropanol
b. Methyl salicylate
c. Methanol
d. Ethanol
e. Propanol

The correct answer is: Methanol

Question 7
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______.

a. 2.0 micra
b. 10 to 15 micra
c. 4 to 6 micra
d. 0.5 micra

The correct answer is: 0.5 micra

Question 8
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This agent is used for infiltrating tissues intended for electron microscopy:

a. Paraffin
b. Celloidin
c. Plastic
d. Gelatin

The correct answer is: Plastic

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Question 9

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Of the following commonly used methods of freezing, which one is considered to be the most rapid?

a. Carbon dioxide gas

b. Isopentane
c. Liquid nitrogen
d. Oxygen gas

The correct answer is: Liquid nitrogen

Question 10
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This is considered as the most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes:

a. Sudan Black
b. None of these
c. Sudan IV
d. Sudan III

The correct answer is: Sudan Black

Question 11
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

All of the following are resinous media, except:

a. Eukitt
b. Clarite
c. Brun’s Fluid
d. Histomount

The correct answer is: Brun’s Fluid

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Question 12

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This is considered to be the most rapid fixative:

a. Methanol
b. Newcomer’s
c. Carnoy’s
d. Acetone

The correct answer is: Carnoy’s

Question 13
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Provides strong evidence of neural or neuroendocrine differentiation

a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)

b. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
c. Chromogranin
d. Desmin

The correct answer is: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)

Question 14
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The mature, superficial cells in the Pap’s smear are recognized as having which of these characteristics?

a. Round to oval shaped cytoplasm with large, vesicular nuclei

b. Tall columnar epithelial cells with cilia and basally oriented nuclei
c. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei B. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with vesicular nuclei

The correct answer is: Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei B. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with vesicular
nuclei

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Question 15

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Every cell in the body has a structure or “suicide sac” within its cytoplasm called:

a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi bodies
c. Lysosome
d. Mitochondria

The correct answer is: Lysosome

Question 16
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

All of the following will improve the fixation of tissues, except:

a. Mucus
b. Moderate heat
c. Agitation
d. Thinner slices of tissues

The correct answer is: Mucus

Question 17
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which one of the following is considered as the gold standard for amyloid demonstration?

a. Metachromatic staining
b. Induced fluorescence staining with thioflavine
c. Congo Red
d. Gram’s Iodine
e. Van Gieson’s

The correct answer is: Congo Red

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Question 18

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Most widely used to confirm the diagnosis of astrocytoma

a. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

b. Actin
c. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
d. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
e. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

The correct answer is: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

Question 19
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The formalin pigments formed from the combination of formic acid and hemoglobin may be removed from the
tissues by:

a. Adding phosphate buffer

b. Applying sodium thiosulfate
c. Adding glacial acetic acid
d. Applying alcoholic picric acid

The correct answer is: Applying alcoholic picric acid

Question 20

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The optimum temperature for microwave fixation is:

a. 25-35 C
b. 65-75 C
c. 45-55 C
d. 85-95 C

The correct answer is: 45-55 C

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Question 21

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts & marker for choriocarcinoma

a. Actin
b. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

The correct answer is: HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 22
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In the Pap stain, the OG-6 functions to stain:

a. The cytoplasm of intermediate cells

b. The nucleus of mature, superficial cells B. The cytoplasm of mature, superficial cells
c. The nucleus of intermediate cells

The correct answer is: The nucleus of intermediate cells

Question 23
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Used to identify tumors derived from smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle

a. Actin
b. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
c. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

The correct answer is: Actin

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Question 24

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The Bowman’s capsule and the endothelial lining of blood vessels are both composed of:

a. Simple cuboidal tissues

b. Stratified squamous
c. Transitional epithelium
d. Simple squamous tissues

The correct answer is: Simple squamous tissues

Question 25
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The diaphysis or shaft of the long bones is composed of:

a. Cancellous bone
b. Spongy bone
c. Compact bone
d. Hyaline cartilage

The correct answer is: Compact bone

Question 26
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The coloring property of a dye is attributed to which particular group?

a. Chromophore
b. None
c. Auxochrome
d. Both

The correct answer is: Chromophore

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Question 27

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

It is a procedure whereby calcium or lime salts are removed from certain tissues (most especially bones and
teeth) following fixation:

a. Dehydration
b. Impregnation
c. Decalcification
d. Dealcoholization

The correct answer is: Decalcification

Question 28
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The most abundant protein in the body is:

a. Globulin
b. Collagen
c. Albumin
d. Fibrinogen

The correct answer is: Collagen

Question 29
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Ringing is the process of sealing the margins of the coverslip. The reason/s for doing this process is/are:

a. All
b. To prevent sticking of the slides upon storage
c. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts
d. To immobilize the coverslip

The correct answer is: All

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Question 30

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Osmium tetroxide fixatives are contraindicated for H and E staining techniques because:

a. They inhibit formalin.

b. They inhibit hematoxylin. .
c. They inhibit the clearing agent to act properly.
d. They inhibit the rehydrating agents.

The correct answer is: They inhibit hematoxylin. .

Question 31
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following is classified as a lead hematoxylin?

a. Solcia Hematoxylin
b. Carazzi Hematoxylin
c. Mallory’s PTAH
d. Thomas Hematoxylin

The correct answer is: Solcia Hematoxylin

Question 32
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Excessive exposure to benzene may damage the bone marrow resulting in:

a. Hemoglobinopathies
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Thalassemia

The correct answer is: Aplastic anemia

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Question 33

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Which among the following techniques is considered as the most common method used for the demonstration of
basement membrane, specifically the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney?

a. Krajian’s technique
b. Feulgen technique
c. Periodic Acid-Schiff Technique D. Papanicolaou Staining Technique

The correct answer is: Periodic Acid-Schiff Technique D. Papanicolaou Staining Technique

Question 34
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

One of these is not necessary in the surgical pathology logbook:

a. Treatment to be done B. Names of the patient and requesting physician C. Kind of specimen
b. Clinical and pathological diagnosis

The correct answer is: Treatment to be done B. Names of the patient and requesting physician C. Kind of specimen

Question 35
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What alcohol fixative is recommended for preserving mucopolysaccharides and nuclear proteins?

a. Carnoy’s fluid
b. Methyl alcohol
c. Osmium tetroxide
d. Newcomer’s fluid

The correct answer is: Newcomer’s fluid

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Question 36

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Urine specimens for cytology should fulfill all the requirements given below, except:

a. For females, specimen should have been voided D. For males, specimen should have been voided
b. At least 50 mL
c. Specimen should be second urine

The correct answer is: For females, specimen should have been voided D. For males, specimen should have been
voided

Question 37
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Human brains require longer fixation time, which usually is:

a. One year
b. 7 days
c. Three months
d. 14 days

The correct answer is: 14 days

Question 38
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The best general decalcifying agent is:

a. 10% nitric acid

b. HCl
c. Von Ebner’s fluid
d. 5% formic acid

The correct answer is: 5% formic acid

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Question 39

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

These are black granules formed by malarial parasites living inside RBCs and may be removed by alcoholic picric
acid:

a. Lipofuscin
b. Hemozoin
c. Hemosiderin
d. Hematoidin

The correct answer is: Hemozoin

Question 40
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which metallic fixative is recommended for tumor biopsies especially of the skin?

a. Zenker-Formol
b. B-5 fixative
c. Helly’s solution
d. Heidenhain’s SuSa

The correct answer is: Heidenhain’s SuSa

Question 41
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Failure of an organ to form an opening is termed as:

a. Agenesia
b. Hypoplasia
c. Atresia
d. Aplasia

The correct answer is: Atresia

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Question 42

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following hematoxylins is used for the study of spermatogenesis?

a. Copper hematoxylin
b. Cole’s hematoxylin
c. Mallory’s PTAH
d. Weigert’s hematoxylin

The correct answer is: Copper hematoxylin

Question 43
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Air-filled lungs may float on fixative. To avoid this, the organ may be

a. Packed with cotton soaked in fixative. B. Covered with several layers of gauze to maintain it under surface.
b. Washed out in running water overnight prior to fixation.
c. Immersed in absolute alcohol prior to fixation.

The correct answer is: Washed out in running water overnight prior to fixation.

Question 44
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Useful in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma & Positive in certain pancreatic and salivary gland tumors

a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)

b. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
c. Actin
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

The correct answer is: PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

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Question 45

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The medtech experienced difficulty in section cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What is the probable reason
for this problem?

a. Insufficient clearing
b. Dirty knife
c. Delayed fixation
d. Insufficient infiltration

The correct answer is: Insufficient clearing

Question 46
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Smears and cell block of urine for cytological examination will show desquamated cells from the lining epithelium
of the urinary tract which are:

a. Squamous cells
b. Transitional cells
c. Columnar cells
d. Mucous cells

The correct answer is: Transitional cells

Question 47
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Pathology blocks should be kept for a period of:

a. 2 years
b. 24 hours
c. 1 year only
d. 10 years

The correct answer is: 10 years

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Question 48

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following descriptions characterize a post-mortem clot? 1. “Chicken fat” 2. “Currant jelly” 3. Rubbery
consistency 4. Assumes the shape of the blood vessel

a. 1 and 3
b. 2 and 4
c. 2 and 3
d. 1,2,3,4
e. 1 and 4

The correct answer is: 1,2,3,4

Question 49
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally used for microscopic study of starch granules:

a. Malachite green
b. Orcein
c. Methylene blue
d. Iodine

The correct answer is: Iodine

Question 50

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

In the routine H and E method:

a. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue

b. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is blue B. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are pale pink C. The nucleus
is blue, cytoplasm is pale pink

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Question 51

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The usual length of the biconcave knife is:

a. 100 mm.
b. 120 mm.
c. 75 mm.
d. 25 mm.

The correct answer is: 120 mm.

Question 52
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What characteristic is shared by all of the following pathologic changes in connective tissues?

a. They are all found in diabetic patients.

b. They are all stained by Congo Red. B. They are all eosinophilic. C. They are all basophilic.

The correct answer is: They are all found in diabetic patients.

Question 53

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The best stain for calcium is:

a. Von Kossa stain

b. Silver nitrate
c. Prussian blue
d. Congo stain

The correct answer is: Von Kossa stain

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Question 54

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The wax appears crytalline during trimming. What is the most probable reason for this problem?

a. Overheated paraffin oven

b. Block not cooled rapidly enough B. Prolonged clearing
c. Incomplete dehydration
d. Incomplete fixation

The correct answer is: Block not cooled rapidly enough B. Prolonged clearing

Question 55
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Which of the statements below is/are true for the picric acid?

a. All of the above

b. They may be used as a stain. B. They may be used as a fixative for glycogen demonstration.
c. Both A and C
d. They may be used as a decalcifying agent.

Question 56
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Melanomas and schwannomas always stain positive for:

a. Vimentin
b. PSA
c. CK7
d. Desmin
e. CEA

The correct answer is: Vimentin

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Question 57

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What is the optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue cut from the microtome?

a. 45-50 C
b. 50-56 C
c. 37 C
d. 30 C

The correct answer is: 45-50 C

Question 58
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The rate of penetration of formalin in tissues:

a. 1 mm/hr
b. 10 mm/hr
c. 2.5 mm/hr
d. 3 mm/hr
e. 20 mm/hr

The correct answer is: 1 mm/hr

Question 59
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This is considered as the standard iron hematoxylin:

a. Weigert’s
b. Heidenhain’s
c. Loyez
d. Verhöeff

The correct answer is: Weigert’s

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Question 60

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Recognized as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation

a. Chromogranin
b. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
c. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
d. Desmin

The correct answer is: Chromogranin

Question 61
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The B-5 fixative is usually utilized for:

a. Bone marrow biopsies

b. Bone marrow smears
c. Urgent biopsies
d. Glycogen fixation

The correct answer is: Bone marrow biopsies

Question 62
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and are collectively known as:

a. Aniline dyes
b. Natural dyes
c. Carbonic dyes
d. Carminic dyes

The correct answer is: Aniline dyes

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Question 63

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to the laboratory:

a. In saline
b. Fresh and unfixed
c. In 10% formalin
d. In Carnoy’s fixative

The correct answer is: Fresh and unfixed

Question 64
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The color of OG-6 staining solution is:

a. Dark purple to black B. Orange with a hint of green C. Olive green with a hint of brown and red
b. None of these

The correct answer is: None of these

Question 65

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of what infiltrating medium?

a. Plastic
b. Paraffin
c. Celloidin
d. Gelatin

The correct answer is: Plastic

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Question 66

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and mucinous ovarian tumors are usually positive for:

a. CK7
b. CK20
c. Neither
d. Both

The correct answer is: Both

Question 67
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Along with red cells and leukocytes, this cell may also indicate that the patient is currently menstruating:

a. Endometrial cells
b. Endocervical cells
c. Koilocyte
d. Basal cells

The correct answer is: Endometrial cells

Question 68
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The white precipitates formed from prolonged standing of formaldehyde especially at very low temperatures:

a. None of these
b. Paraformaldehyde
c. Acid formaldehyde hematin
d. Formic acid

The correct answer is: Paraformaldehyde

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Question 69

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Identify from the list below the ones that may be used as fixative and dehydrating agent. 1. Acetone 2. Dioxane 3.
Methanol 4. Tetrahydrofuran 5. Picric acid 6. Toluene

a. 1 and 3
b. 2,4 and 6
c. 1,3, and 5
d. 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6
e. 1,2,3

The correct answer is: 1 and 3

Question 70
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The ideal time for a decalcification process to be completed is between:

a. 30-60 mins.
b. 24-48 hrs.
c. 10-18 hrs.
d. 3-5 days

The correct answer is: 24-48 hrs.

Question 71

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas

a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)

b. Actin
c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
d. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
e. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

The correct answer is: TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)

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Question 72

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Highly specific for myogenic tumors, including leiomyoma (smooth muscle tumor) and rhabdomyosarcoma
(skeletal muscle tumor)

a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)

b. Desmin
c. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
d. Chromogranin

The correct answer is: Desmin

Question 73
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This is the property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil-soluble dyes, regardless of the type of dye used, due to
their essential lipid nature:

a. Lipophilia
b. Hypochromia
c. Metachromasia
d. Sudanophilia

The correct answer is: Sudanophilia

Question 74
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The following are all descriptions attributed to Carnoy’s fluid, except:

a. Used also to fix brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies

b. None of the above
c. The most rapid fixative
d. Excellent fixative for glycogen
e. Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies

The correct answer is: None of the above

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Question 75

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The 10% Formol-Saline is recommended for fixation of:

a. Central nervous tissues

b. Both
c. General post-mortem tissues
d. None

The correct answer is: Both

Question 76
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What does “CA” mean in CA-125?

a. Cercarial antigen
b. Cancer antigen
c. Chromic acid
d. Collagenous antigen

The correct answer is: Cancer antigen

Question 77
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

What color of stool may a patient with biliary atresia produce?

a. White
b. Red
c. Yellow
d. Black

The correct answer is: White

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Question 78

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Glacial acetic acid is mixed with many other fixing agents in order to:

a. Dehydrate the tissues

b. Shorten the fixation time
c. Prevent shrinking of cells
d. Prevent swelling of cells

The correct answer is: Prevent shrinking of cells

Question 79
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Legionella pneumophilia is a Gram-positive organism which may be demonstrated with:

a. Modified Steiner Silver stain

b. Both
c. Dieterle method
d. None

The correct answer is: Both

Question 80
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

When wax has been reused, some water is mixed with it. In order to remove excess water, heat the wax to:

a. 150-160 C
b. 80-90 C
c. 100-105 C
d. 20 C above its melting point

The correct answer is: 100-105 C

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Question 81

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The best screening marker for lymphomas is:

a. Extremely high WBC ct.

b. CD19, CD20, CD23
c. LCA
d. CD15, CD30
e. CD3, CD4, CD8

The correct answer is: LCA

Question 82
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Autopsy materials should be preserved as soon after death as possible. If this cannot be done, the body should be
placed in a refrigerator kept at:

a. 1 C
b. 4 C
c. 8 C
d. 10 C

The correct answer is: 4 C

Question 83

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Complete the following sentence: “Solutions of alum hematoxylin give the nucleus a ___________ color which
swiftly turns _________ in the presence of an acid.

a. Light transparent red, blue B. Dark blue, red

b. Light transparent blue, red
c. Pink, blue

The correct answer is: Pink, blue

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Question 84

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Request forms for histopathologic analysis should be signed by:

a. The nurse-on-duty
b. The medical technologist
c. The pathologist
d. The patient’s physician

The correct answer is: The patient’s physician

Question 85
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following may be used for preserving tissues intended for electron microscopic studies?

a. Heidenhain’s SuSa
b. Formaldehyde
c. Glutaraldehyde
d. Any aldehyde fixative

The correct answer is: Glutaraldehyde

Question 86
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following substitute for paraffin wax can be used without dehydration and clearing:

a. Neither
b. Gelatin
c. Carbowax
d. Both

The correct answer is: Carbowax

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Question 87

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

One disadvantage of using osmium tetroxide fixatives is that they may cause:

a. Neither a nor b
b. Either a or b
c. Blindness
d. Conjunctivitis

The correct answer is: Either a or b

Question 88
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

The temperature of the paraffin oven used for impregnation is usually:

a. 23 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium

b. 2-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
c. 6-10 C below the melting point of the impregnating medium
d. 6-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
e. 5-10 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium

The correct answer is: 2-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium

Question 89
Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Frozen section is employed for the following purposes, except:

a. Amyloid
b. Rapid diagnosis
c. Fat demonstration
d. Enzymes

The correct answer is: Amyloid

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Question 90

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

This is considered to be the most common type of necrosis usually observed in the myocardium, lungs, kidneys
and the spleen:

a. Coagulation necrosis
b. Liquefaction necrosis
c. Gangrenous necrosis
d. Fat necrosis

The correct answer is: Coagulation necrosis

Question 91
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

In order to have an effective knife, which one of the following hones is recommended because it gives the best
honing result?

a. Paddle strop
b. Arkansas
c. Belgium yellow
d. Fine Carborundum

The correct answer is: Belgium yellow

Question 92
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

The optimum working temperature for the cold microtome is:

a. Between 5 to 10 C
b. Between -5 to -10 C
c. Between 10 to 15 C
d. Between -18 to -20 C

The correct answer is: Between -18 to -20 C

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Question 93

Complete

Mark 0.00 out of 1.00

Paraformaldehyde crystalline precipitates may be removed through the use of: 1. 10% methanol 2. Picric acid 3.
Filtration methods 4. 1% Alcoholic KOH

a. 2,4
b. 1,2,3,4
c. 1,3
d. 3 only

The correct answer is: 1,3

Question 94
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

For delicate tissues like embryos and animal tissues, it is recommended to start dehydrating with this
concentration of ethanol:

a. 30%
b. 55%
c. 15%
d. 45%
e. 65%

The correct answer is: 30%

Question 95
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

All of the following are considered as disadvantages of using formaldehyde, except:

a. It is extremely corrosive to metals.

b. Prolonged fixation may produce bleaching of the specimen and loss of natural tissue colors.
c. Fumes may cause sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, or excessive lacrimation.
d. Solutions may cause allergic dermatitis on prolonged contact.

The correct answer is: It is extremely corrosive to metals.

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Question 96

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Smear prepared for cytologic examination from cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be obtained by:

a. Pull apart
b. Touch preparation
c. Spreading
d. Streaking

The correct answer is: Touch preparation

Question 97
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following fixatives may be used for the diagnosis of rabies?

a. Microwave fixation
b. Trichloroacetic acid
c. Acetone
d. Any alcoholic fixative

The correct answer is: Acetone

Question 98
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Impregnating medium recommended for histochemistry and enzymology studies:

a. Paraffin
b. Plastic
c. Gelatin
d. Celloidin

The correct answer is: Gelatin

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Question 99

Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Which of the following statements correctly describes the Lendrum’s method? A method of making

a. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then subsequently, the
tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 10 to 14 days.
b. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight.
c. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then subsequently, the
tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.
d. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in aqueous phenol overnight then subsequently, the
tissues are immersed in absolute alcohol for 1 to 3 days.
e. soft tissues harder by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then subsequently, the
tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.

The correct answer is: hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then
subsequently, the tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.

Question 100
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Using the microscope, the color of the acid formaldehyde hematin deposits as they appear on tissues is:

a. Yellow
b. Dark red
c. White
d. Brownish black

The correct answer is: Brownish black

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

Question 1 a. chemical method d. Makes stain permeate tissue section

Perenyi’s fluid is a mixture of the following b. all with highly organic solvents
reagents, except c. none e. none
a. absolute alcohol d. x-ray method
b. 0.5% chromic acid e. flexibility method Question 10
c. 10% nitric acid The appropriate temperature for fixing surgical
d. 0.5% formic acid Question 6 specimens is:
Purpose of honing a. 37 C
Question 2 a. Remove blemishes and gross nicks b. Freezing temperature
The best stain for calcium is: b. All c. Refrigerator temperature
a. Congo stain c. none d. Room temperature
b. Prussian blue d. Correct the bevel of the knife
c. Von Kossa stain e. Restore a straight cutting edge of the Question 11
d. Silver nitrate knife What should be done if there are cracks
across the tissue section?
Question 3 Question 7 a. none
What should be the temperature of the water All of the following fixatives are considered b. adjust tilt
bath that is used to float tissue cut from the nuclear fixatives, except: c. warm blocks slightly
microtome? a. Flemming’s solution d. All
a. 30 C b. Orth’s fluid e. sharpen knife
b. 37 C c. Heidenhain’s SuSa f. re-embed in softwax
c. 45-50 C d. Newcomer’s fluid
d. 50-56 C Question 12
Question 8 What must you do if clearing turns milky?
Question 4 Which of the following is used for a. change the clearing agent
Removal of formaldehyde or mercury deparaffinization? b. repeat fixation
pigments from tissue sections is performed a. Acetone c. repeat dehydration
before: b. Xylene d. repeat clearing
a. Staining c. 95% alcohol
b. Dehydration d. 70% alcohol Question 13
c. Sectioning Which of the following fixatives may also act
d. Fixation Question 9 as a dehydrating agent?
TRUE for deparaffinization: a. Orth’s fluid
Question 5 a. All b. Ethanol
What is the least reliable method in b. 1-2 changes of alcohol for 1 min c. Glutaraldehyde
determining the completeness of tissue c. Uses 95% ethanol d. Formalin
decalcification?

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

Question 14 c. removes calcium deposits completely c. Bismarck Brown

Method/s of decalcification: d. all d. Eosin Y
a. all of the above e. none
b. chelation f. requires shorter time for Question 23
c. ion exchange resin decalcification The best decalcifying agent is:
d. electrophoresis a. 5% formic acid
Question 19 b. 10% nitric acid
Question 15 The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for c. Hydrochloric acid
The most commonly used clearing agent is: cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______. d. Trichloroacetic acid
a. Toluene a. 2.0 micra
b. Chloroform b. 0.5 micra Question 24
c. Aniline oil c. 10 to 15 micra Triethyl phosphate is used in the
d. Xylene d. 4 to 6 micra histopathology laboratory as:
a. Dehydrating agent
Question 16 Question 20 b. Fixative
Which of the following can be used as a What alcohol fixative is recommended for c. None of these choices.
decalcifying agent? preserving mucopolysaccharides and nuclear d. Decalcifying agent
a. All of these choices proteins?
b. Picric acid a. Carnoy’s fluid Question 25
c. Formic acid b. Newcomer’s fluid This process serves to provide a clear
d. Trichloroacetic acid c. Osmium tetroxide visualization of tissue components studied
d. Methyl alcohol using a medium with a Rf close to the slide and
Question 17 the tissue.
Autopsy materials should be preserved as Question 21 a. Washing
soon after death as possible. If this cannot be Clearing agent of choice for delicate tissues b. Clearing
done, the body should be placed in a and has the least hardening effect. c. Deparaffinization
refrigerator kept at: a. toluene d. Mounting
a. 4 C b. cedar wood oil e. Hydration
b. 10 C c. carbon tetrachloride
c. 8 C d. chloroform Question 26
d. 1 C Pathology blocks should be kept for a period
Question 22 of:
Question 18 EA 50 is a polychrome stain composed of a. 10 years
A good quality decalcifying agent: three stains which include all of the following, b. 2 years
a. render no damage to tissue cells or except: c. 1 year only
fibers a. Hematoxylin d. 24 hours
b. does not alter subsequent staining b. Light Green SF

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Question 27 What process is done to assure that the Question 35

The color of OG-6 staining solution is: specimen is soft enough to allow cutting with To ensure adequate fixation and some
a. None the microtome knife? hardening prior to microtomy, brain is usually
b. Orange with a hint of green a. Fixation suspended whole in 10% buffered formalin for:
c. Dark purple to black b. Impregnation a. 2 to 3 days
d. Olive green w/ hint of brown & c. Decalcification b. 2 to 3 weeks
red d. Dehydration c. 5 to 8 days
d. 1 week only
Question 28 Question 32 e. 5 to 8 weeks
Dioxane is used in the histopathology The temperature of the paraffin oven used for
laboratory as: impregnation is usually: Question 36
a. Clearing agent a. 2-5 C above the melting point of the Which of the following may be used for
b. None of these choices. impregnating medium preserving tissues intended for electron
c. Both of these choices. b. 6-10 C below the melting point of the microscopic studies?
d. Dehydrating agent impregnating medium a. Heidenhain’s SuSa
c. 6-5 C above the melting point of the b. Formaldehyde
Question 29 impregnating medium c. Glutaraldehyde
All are chromate-containing fixative, except: d. 23 C above the melting point of the d. Any aldehyde fixative
a. Orth’s fluid impregnating medium
b. Moller’s fluid Question 37
c. Bouin’s fluid Question 33 Air-filled lungs may float on fixative. To avoid
d. Regaud’s fluid The type of microtome that routine labs use this, the organ may be
nowadays: a. Covered with several layers of gauze
Question 30 a. freezing to maintain it under surface.
The following are all descriptions attributed to b. Sliding b. Packed with cotton soaked in fixative.
Carnoy’s fluid, except: c. rocking c. Immersed in absolute alcohol prior to
a. Used also to fix brain tissue for the d. ultrathin fixation.
diagnosis of rabies e. rotary d. Washed out in running water
b. Excellent fixative for glycogen overnight prior to fixation.
c. None of the above Question 34
d. Recommended for fixing The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s Egg Question 38
chromosomes, lymph glands, and Albumin is to: When wax has been reused, some water is
urgent biopsies a. Prevent bacterial overgrowth mixed with it. In order to remove excess water,
e. The most rapid fixative b. Stabilize the preparation heat the wax to:
c. Prevent drying a. 20 C above its melting point D. 80-90
Question 31 d. Prevent fungal overgrowth C
b. 150-160 C

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

c. 100-105 C In doing Cell cytology, you have to note first d. Plastic

the sample submitted:
Question 39 a. volume Question 48
Nitric acid solution for decalcification tends to b. all Tissue sections with calcium deposits are
develop yellow discolouration as it ages and c. none stained using
can affect the tissue. Which of the following d. color a. Gomori
may be used to prevent this change? e. transparency b. Von Kossa
a. 2% urea c. Mayer’s
b. 1% urea Question 44 d. FITE’s
c. 10% urea This becomes milky when an incompletely
d. 5% urea dehydrated tissue is placed on it: Question 49
a. xylene Clearing is done by:
Question 40 b. acetone a. 1-2 changes of absolute alcohol
This is considered to be the most rapid c. alcohol b. 2 changes of xylol, 2 min each
fixative: d. chloroform c. Gradual run thru decreasing conc of
a. Carnoy’s alcohol
b. Methanol Question 45 d. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1min
c. Acetone Which of the following terms is synonymous to e. 10 dips in alcohol
d. Newcomer’s embedding?
a. Infiltration Question 50
Question 41 b. Blocking Sectioning is otherwise called as:
The best general tissue fixative: c. Dealcholization a. Microtomy
a. 10% formalin d. Orientation b. Blocking
b. 10 % buffered neutral formalin c. Casting
c. 5% formic acid Question 46 d. Impregnation
d. Glutaraldehyde If the tissue shrinks away, what must be done?
a. repeat fixation Question 51
Question 42 b. repeat dehydration In routine tissue processing, the agent that
Slow freezing of unfixed tissues near 0 C must c. repeat impregnation follows the series of alcohols used for
be avoided because: d. repeat clearing dehydration is:
a. This may unduly harden the tissues. a. Xylene
b. This may promote autolysis. Question 47 b. Saline
c. This can make the tissues dry. Impregnating medium recommended for c. Glutaraldehyde
d. This may promote formation of ice histochemistry and enzymology studies: d. EDTA
crystals. a. Paraffin
b. Celloidin Question 52
Question 43 c. Gelatin

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

Frozen section is employed for the following d. Round to oval shaped cytoplasm with Question 60
purposes, except: large, vesicular nuclei All of the following will improve the fixation of
a. Amyloid tissues, except:
b. Fat demonstration Question 56 a. Agitation
c. Enzymes Microtome knife used in cutting frozen b. Moderate heat
d. Rapid diagnosis sections c. Mucus
a. 185 mm d. Thinner slices of tissues
Question 53 b. 120 mm
Identify from the list below the ones that may c. 220 mm Question 61
be used as fixative and dehydrating agent. d. 110 mm The following are properties of an ideal
1. Acetone 4. Tetrahydrofuran embedding medium, EXCEPT
2. Dioxane 5. Picric acid Question 57 a. the melting point in its pure state
3. Methanol 6. Toluene Which of the following adhesives includes should be maintained at 65’c or below
a. 1 and 3 fresh egg white as its component? b. none
b. 1,3, and 5 a. Agar adhesive medium c. must penetrate the tissue and replace
c. 2,4 and 6 b. All the clearing agent
d. 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6 c. Gelatin medium d. all
e. 1,2,3 d. None e. must solidify at room temperature
e. Mayer’s glycerol albumin
Question 54 Question 62
Utilizes CO2 Question 58 The medtech experienced difficulty in section
a. sliding The correct fixative-to-tissue ratio is: cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What
b. rotary a. 30:1 is the probable reason for this problem?
c. freezing b. 1:1 a. Dirty knife
d. ultrathin c. 1:30 b. Insufficient infiltration
e. rocking d. 1:20 c. Delayed fixation
e. 20:1 d. Insufficient clearing
Question 55
The mature, superficial cells in the Pap’s Question 59 Question 63
smear are recognized as having which of In the Pap stain, the OG-6 functions to stain: Tetrahydrofuran is used in the histopathology
these characteristics? a. The nucleus of intermediate cells laboratory as:
a. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with b. The nucleus of mature, superficial a. Dehydrating agent
vesicular nuclei cells b. Both of these choices.
b. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with c. The cytoplasm of intermediate cells c. Clearing agent
pyknotic nuclei d. The cytoplasm of mature, superficial d. None of these choices.
c. Tall columnar epithelial cells with cilia cells
and basally oriented nuclei Question 64

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

Which of the following fixatives may also be e. Gram’s Iodine Which of the following fixatives may be used
used in dehydration? for the diagnosis of rabies?
a. Ethyl alcohol Question 68 a. Microwave fixation
b. Acetone Tissue is first overstained and the excess is b. Acetone
c. None of the choices removed c. Any alcoholic fixative
d. Both of the choices a. progressive staining d. Trichloroacetic acid
b. vital staining
Question 65 c. all Question 73
To remove air bubbles trapped beneath the d. regressive staining Failure of forming ribbons in cutting paraffin
sections, the following methods can be used, e. none wax embedded tissues is/are caused by
except. a. Paraffin too hard
a. use the edge of the slide to remove Question 69 b. All
bubbles Acetone is used as: c. Knife tilted too much
b. Tease out bubbles with bent a. neither d. Sections too thick
dissecting needle b. fixative e. Block is not parallel to ribbon
c. Place sections on a slide and apply c. dehydrating agent f. None
5% alcohol d. both
d. Submerge the tissue sections In Question 74
xylene Question 70 Method of decalcification that is
This process prevents rapid movement of fluid recommended for small bone fragments:
Question 66 into and out of the tissue sections a. nitric
In order to preserve small biopsies and FNAB a. Clearing b. none of the above
for electron microscopy, which of the following b. Hydration c. ion exchange resin
fixatives should be used? c. Dehydration d. electrophoresis
a. 4% Glutaraldehyde d. Deparaffinization
b. 10% Formol-saline e. Washing Question 75
c. 2.5% Glutaraldehyde All of the following are stains used for the
d. Formol-corrosive Question 71 demonstration of collagen, except:
Delicate tissues undergoing dehydration must a. Van Gieson’s stain
Question 67 start with alcohol concentration of: b. None of these
Which one of the following is considered as a. 30% c. Thomas Hematoxylin
the gold standard for amyloid demonstration? b. 50% d. Masson’s trichrome
a. Metachromatic staining c. 100%
b. Van Gieson’s d. 95% Question 76
c. Induced fluorescence staining with Of the following commonly used methods of
thioflavine Question 72 freezing, which one is considered to be the
d. Congo Red most rapid?

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

a. Carbon dioxide gas Benzene is used in the histopathology a. anatomic pathologist

b. Oxygen gas laboratory as: b. all
c. Liquid nitrogen a. Dehydrating agent c. none
d. Isopentane b. Clearing agent d. medical technologist
c. Fixative e. pathology resident on duty
Question 77 d. Decalcifying agent
The wax appears crytalline during trimming. Question 85
What is the most probable reason for this Question 81 Cuts large paraffin embedded tissues
problem? The optimum working temperature for the cold a. rotary
a. Incomplete fixation microtome is: b. freezing
b. Overheated paraffin oven a. Between -5 to -10 C c. rocking
c. Incomplete dehydration b. Between -18 to -20 C d. ultrathin
d. Prolonged clearing c. Between 10 to 15 C e. sliding
e. Block not cooled rapidly enough d. Between 5 to 10 C
Question 86
Question 78 Question 82 Clearing is otherwise called as:
If the clearing agent turned milky as soon as Which of the ff. is NOT a metallic fixative? a. Blocking
the tissue is placed in it, the most probable a. Heidenhain’s Susa b. Dealcoholization
reason is: b. none of the above c. Infiltration
a. Delayed fixation c. Zenker’s d. Dehydration
b. Prolonged fixation d. B-5
c. Prolonged dehydration Question 87
d. Insufficient impregnation Question 83 Which of the following may be used as a
e. Incomplete dehydration All of the following are considered as clearing agent?
disadvantages of using formaldehyde, except: a. Methyl salicylate
Question 79 a. Prolonged fixation may produce b. 4% phenol
The floating out water bath has lower bleaching of the specimen and loss of c. All of these choices.
temperature than the melting point of paraffin natural tissue colors. d. Anhydrous copper sulfate
wax because: b. Fumes may cause sinusitis, allergic
a. to make the tissue sink at the bottom rhinitis, or excessive lacrimation. Question 88
b. all of the above c. Solutions may cause allergic Which of the ff. is considered the best
c. to avoid melting of the paraffin wax to dermatitis on prolonged contact. dehydrating agent because of its fast action?
easily fish out the tissue d. It is extremely corrosive to metals. a. methyl alcohol
d. to avoid dissolving of the embedded b. acetone
tissue in water Question 84 c. chloroform
Gross examination of tissue specimen is done d. ethyl alcohol
Question 80 only by________, except:

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

Question 89 a. In saline immersed in 4% aqueous phenol

Some dehydrating agents may be used as a b. In Carnoy’s fixative solution for 1 to 3 days.
clearing solution. An example of this is c. Fresh and unfixed c. A method of making hard tissues
a. toluene d. In 10% formalin softer by allowing them to be washed
b. xylene out in running water overnight.
c. Dioxane Question 94 d. A method of making hard tissues
d. isopropyl alcohol Osmium tetroxide fixatives are softer by allowing them to be washed
contraindicated for H and E staining out in aqueous phenol overnight then
Question 90 techniques because: subsequently, the tissues are
The rate of impregnation is affected by which a. They inhibit formalin. immersed in absolute alcohol for 1 to
of the following factor/s? b. They inhibit the clearing agent to act 3 days.
a. low pressured embedding oven properly. e. A method of making hard tissues
b. the clearing agent used c. They inhibit hematoxylin. . softer by allowing them to be washed
c. tissue thickness d. They inhibit the rehydrating agents. out in running water overnight then
d. all subsequently, the tissues are
e. none Question 95 immersed in 4% aqueous phenol
The main purpose of fixation is to: solution for 10 to 14 days.
Question 91 a. Promote the attachment of fluids
Fine needle aspiration biopsy: b. Harden the tissue from further trauma Question 97
a. gauge 25 needle is used c. Promote the attachment of stains or Characteristic/s of ethyl alcohol as
b. all dye dehydrating agent:
c. may be guided by ultrasound d. Preserve the morphology of cells a. none
d. none b. fast acting
e. can be done directly Question 96 c. penetrates tissue easily
Which of the following statements correctly d. all
Question 92 describes the Lendrum’s method? e. mixes well with water
This group of fixatives produces excessive a. A method of making soft tissues
yellow staining of tissues: harder by allowing them to be Question 98
a. Acetone washed out in running water All of the following are true concerning glacial
b. Alcohols overnight then subsequently, the acetic acid, except:
c. Chromates tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous a. It is useful in the study of nuclear
d. Picric acid fixatives phenol solution for 1 to 3 days. components of the cell.
e. Aldehydes b. A method of making hard tissues b. It causes tissues (especially those
softer by allowing them to be washed containing collagen) to swell.
Question 93 out in running water overnight then c. It solidifies at 30 C.
For frozen section, the tissue should be sent subsequently, the tissues are d. It fixes and precipitates
to the laboratory: nucleoproteins.

Nery, Palomar RICO’22

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 MTAP2 HISTOPATHOLOGY FINALS SAMPLEX

Question 99
What is the optimum temperature of the water
bath that is used to float tissue cut from the
microtome?
a. 50-56 C
b. 30 C
c. 37 C
d. 45-50 C

Question 100
Smears and cell block of urine for cytological
examination will show desquamated cells
from the lining epithelium of the urinary tract
which are:
a. Transitional cells
b. Mucous cells
c. Columnar cells
d. Squamous cells

Nery, Palomar RICO’22

9
Which of the following accelerates the speed of The ripening agent for the Harris Hematoxylin The optimum working temperature for the cold
staining reaction? microtome is:
a. Mercuric oxide
a. Accentuator b. None of these a. Between -18 to -20 C
b. Dye modifier c. Sodium iodate b. Between 10 to 15 C
c. Lake d. Potassium iodate c. Between 5 to 10 C
d. Mordant d. Between -5 to -10 C
Bisphenol A, glycerol, and cyclohexene
Which of the following fixatives is dioxide are all examples of: This clearing agent is recommended for tough
recommended for fixing lymph glands, urgent tissues. However, it is toxic to the liver after
biopsies, and chromosomes? a. Clearing agent prolonged inhalation and it does not make the
b. Paraffin wax tissues transparent.
a. Methyl alcohol c. Fixatives
b. Carnoy’s fluid d. Plastic impregnating media a. Aniline oil
c. Newcomer’s fluid b. Clove oil
d. Isopropyl alcohol In the routine H and E staining, the acid used in c. Chloroform
combination with the alcohol in the d. Xylene
This is considered to be the best dehydrating differentiator is the:
agent in tissue processing: Carazzi hematoxylin uses this kind of mordant:
a. Sulfuric acid
a. Ethyl alcohol b. Acetic acid a. Iron
b. Isopropyl alcohol c. Formic acid b. Lead
c. Butyl alcohol d. Hydrochloric acid c. Tungsten
d. Denatured alcohol d. Alum
When wax has been reused, some water is
The mordant used for Mayer’s Hematoxylin is: mixed with it. In order to remove excess water, Complete the following sentence: “For routine
heat the wax to: histologic procedures, tissue sections are
a. Mercuric oxide commonly cut between ________________ in
b. Sodium iodate a. 80-90 C thickness.”
c. Potash alum b. 150-160 C
d. Ferric chloride c. 100-105 C a. 4 to 6 µ
d. 20 C above its melting point b. 10 to 15 µ
This is the process of replacing the c. 50 to 100 µ
dehydrating fluid with fluid that is miscible with Glacial acetic acid must never be added to d. 0.5 to 1.0 µ
both the dehydrating fluid and the cytoplasmic fixatives because:
impregnating or embedding medium: Which of the stains given below may be
a. It destroys Golgi bodies. utilized to show deposits of fibrin?
a. Casting b. Both of these choices
b. Staining c. It destroys the mitochondria. a. PAS
c. Dealcoholization b. Congo Red Method
d. Decolorization Sputum specimens intended for cytological c. MSB Technique
examination are considered satisfactory if: d. Gram’s Iodine stain
The most reliable and specific histochemical
staining technique for the DNA is: a. There are many bacilli and columnar Of the following commonly used methods of
cells. freezing, which one is considered to be the
a. Methyl Green-Pyronin Technique b. There are no cells seen. most rapid?
b. Bodian’s Stain c. It is very viscous and sticky.
c. Feulgen Technique d. Alveolar macrophages are present. a. Carbon dioxide gas
d. Cajal’s Gold Sublimate b. Isopentane
 c. Liquid nitrogen Ester wax has all of the following Which of the following fixatives may also act
d. Oxygen gas characteristics, except: as a dehydrating agent?

Saccomano’s fixative is composed of ethanol a. It is soluble in water. a. Ethanol

and: b. None of these b. Formalin
c. It is soluble in the dehydrating fluid. c. Orth’s fluid
a. Formaldehyde d. Its melting point is 46-48 C. d. Glutaraldehyde
b. 2% Carbowax
c. Xylene Picric acid may be used as: The purpose of adding phenol to each of the
d. Ether-formaldehyde 95% ethanol baths is:
a. Fixative
Which of the choices below is the correct b. Decalcifying agent a. To remove the alcohol
REHYDRATION SEQUENCE of tissue sections c. All of these b. To soften tissues
before hematoxylin staining? d. Stain c. To enhance the staining process
d. To harden tissues
a. 100% -->; 95% -->; 80% -->; 70% Best Carmine solution is used to stain which of
ethanol -->; water the following? This is considered as the best general
b. Water -->; 100% -->; 95% -->; 90% -->; decalcifying agent:
80% -->; water a. Mucins
c. Water -->; 70% -->; 80% -->; 90% -->; b. C. neoformans a. EDTA
95% -->; 100% ethanol c. Glycogen b. Perenyi’s fluid
d. Acetone -->; 70% -->; 80% -->; 90% -->; d. HbsAg c. 5% formic acid
95% -->; Ethanol\ d. 10% BNF
The sectioning of ester wax-impregnated
It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally tissues should be performed on a: This is a weakly basic dye used as a contrast
used for microscopic study of starch granules: stain for staining ascaris eggs and red cells,
a. Rocking microtome and as a bacterial spore stain. It is also used
a. Orcein b. Sliding microtome both as a decolorizer and as a counterstain:
b. Malachite green c. Freezing microtome
c. Iodine d. Rotary microtome a. Malachite green
d. Methylene blue b. Neutral red
It is considered to be the most rapid clearing c. Methylene blue
For satisfactory fixation, the pH of the agent, suitable for urgent biopsies which it d. Methyl green
preservative should be within: clears within 15-30 minutes:
Using Lendrum’s MSB, old fibrin formations
a. pH 3.0 a. Chloroform will stain:
b. pH 7 only b. Clove oil
c. pH 4 c. Benzene a. Yellow
d. pH 6-8 d. Xylene b. Blue
e. pH 9 c. Pink
This is considered as the most sensitive of the d. Red
The pathology blocks should be kept for: oil soluble dyes:
For delicate tissues like embryos and animal
a. 24 hours a. Sudan III tissues, it is recommended to start dehydrating
b. 10 years b. None of these with this concentration of ethanol:
c. 1 year only c. Sudan IV
d. 2 years d. Sudan Black a. 15%
b. 65%
 c. 45% Which of the following fixatives is useful in the The kind of acid present in the formula of Von
d. 30% preservation of sputum specimens? Ebner’s fluid is:
e. 55%
a. Methanol a. Formic acid
The color of OG-6 staining solution is: b. Formol-saline b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Newcomer’s fluid c. Nitric acid
a. Dark purple to black d. Alcoholic formalin d. Trichloroacetic acid
b. Orange with a hint of green
c. Olive green with a hint of brown and red In the routine H and E method: Markers in Immunohistochemical Tech. that is
d. None of these useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas
a. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are pale from mesotheliomas
All of the following are staining methods used pink
for the demonstration of elastic fibers, except: b. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
blue b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
a. Krajian’s method c. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
b. Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin stain d. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
c. Verhoeff’s stain pink e. Actin
d. None of these
e. Taenzer-Unna Orcein method All of these statements are true for regressive An machine for embedding with a defective
staining, except: thermostat (i.e., uncontrolled high temperature)
For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to will produce tissues which are:
the laboratory: a. It requires a differentiator.
b. When dye is taken up by the tissue, it is a. Hard and brittle
a. In 10% formalin not decolorized. b. Lighter than its original color
b. In saline c. Tissue is first overstained, then excess c. Soft and fleshy
c. In Carnoy’s fixative stain is subsequently removed. d. Darker than its original color
d. Fresh and unfixed d. It may be used for routine staining of
tissues. Which of the following is NOT a decalcifying
The correct order of the steps involved in agent?
routine tissue processing is: The appropriate temperature for fixing surgical
specimens is: a. Carnoy’s fluid
a. Fixation, dehydration, impregnation, b. Von Ebner’s fluid
embedding, clearing , trimming, a. 37 C c. Perenyi’s fluid
sectioning, staining, and mounting b. Room temperature d. None of these
b. Fixation, dehydration, clearing, c. Freezing temperature
impregnation, embedding, trimming, d. Refrigerator temperature Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and
sectioning, staining, and mounting are collectively known as:
This is the most important reaction for
It permits brilliant metachromatic staining of maintaining tissue appearance: a. Carminic dyes
cells and is the routine fixative of choice for b. Aniline dyes
the preservation of cell details in tissue a. Stabilization of proteins c. Natural dyes
photography: b. Stabilization of carbohydrates d. Carbonic dyes
c. Stabilization of fats
a. Formalin d. All of the choices
b. Lead acetate
c. Mercuric chloride
d. Picrates
Glacial acetic acid is combined with many d. Acetone EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of
other fixing agents to: what infiltrating medium?
The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for
a. Decrease chemical dislocations cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______. a. Paraffin
b. Retain identical cell structure b. Gelatin
c. Inhibit shrinking of cells a. 10 to 15 micra c. Plastic
d. Inhibit swelling of cells b. 4 to 6 micra d. Celloidin
c. 2.0 micra
Which of the following may not be used to d. 0.5 micra The Warthin-Starry method of staining is used
ripen hematoxylins? for the demonstration of:
The required fixation time of the most rapid
a. Potassium aluminum sulfate fixative is: a. Fungi
b. Ferric chloride b. Elastic fibers
c. Sodium iodate a. 30 minutes c. Viruses
d. Mercuric oxide b. At least 4 hours d. Spirochetes
c. 10-15 minutes
This group of fixatives produces excessive d. 1-3 hours only Excessive mounting medium will cause it to
yellow staining of tissues: ooze out of the sides of the cover glass, and
The following are all descriptions attributed to should be carefully wiped with a fine cloth
a. Alcohols Carnoy’s fluid, except: moistened with:
b. Picrates
c. Acetone a. Used also to fix brain tissue for the a. Formalin
d. Chromates diagnosis of rabies b. Water
e. Aldehydes b. The most rapid fixative c. Xylene
c. None of these choices. d. Bleach
What is the optimum temperature of the water d. Excellent fixative for glycogen e. Melted paraffin
bath that is used to float tissue cut from the e. Recommended for fixing chromosomes,
microtome? lymph glands, and urgent biopsies All of these are bluing agents, except:

a. 30 C Excessive exposure to benzene may damage a. Sat. lithium carbonate

b. 37 C the bone marrow resulting in: b. Ammonia water
c. 45-50 C c. Acid alcohol
d. 50-56 C a. Hemoglobinopathies d. None of these
b. Iron deficiency anemia
Which of the following terms is synonymous to c. Aplastic anemia The phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH)
embedding? d. Thalassemia stain is useful for the demonstration of:

a. Dealcholization Ringing is the process of sealing the margins a. Muscle striations

b. Orientation of the coverslip. The reason/s for doing this b. Cholesterol crystals
c. Infiltration process is/are: c. Reticulin
d. Blocking d. Sputum cells
a. All of the above
Which of the following is used for b. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi- The best general tissue fixative:
deparaffinization? fluid mounts
c. To immobilize the coverslip a. 5% formic acid
a. Xylene d. To prevent sticking of the slides upon b. Glutaraldehyde
b. 70% alcohol storage c. 10% formalin
c. 95% alcohol d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin
While examining a Papanicolaou smear, the c. 2 and 4 The ideal time for a decalcification process to
pathologist observed the presence of pear- d. 2,3,4 be completed is between:
shaped microorganisms that stain blue-green
with a slit-like eccentric nucleus. The said Which of the following is not considered as a a. 24-48 hrs.
organism is probably: clearing agent? b. 10-18 hrs.
c. 30-60 mins.
a. Entamoeba coli a. Both of these choices d. 3-5 days
b. Gardnerella vaginalis b. None of these choices
c. Entamoeba histolytica c. Diethylene dioxide Which of the following may be used for
d. Trichomonas vaginalis d. Tetrahydrofuran hemoglobin staining?

The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s Egg Which of the following stains is used for a. Gentian violet
Albumin is to: lipoprotein electrophoresis? b. Benzidine
c. Iodine
a. Stabilize the preparation a. Ponceau S d. Congo red
b. Prevent fungal overgrowth b. Oil Red O
c. Prevent bacterial overgrowth c. Coomasie Brilliant Blue One of these can be used as a decalcifying
d. Prevent drying d. Amido Black agent and as a tissue softener:

EA 50, used in Pap’s staining, is a polychrome Should the clearing agent turned milky as soon a. Phloroglucin-nitric acid
stain composed of three stains which include as the tissue was placed in it, the most b. Formic acid
all of the following, except: probable reason for this is: c. Perenyi’s fluid
d. Hydrochloric acid
a. Hematoxylin a. Incomplete dehydration
b. Bismarck Brown b. Insufficient impregnatio Frozen section is used for the following purposes,
c. Light Green SF c. Prolonged fixation except:
d. Eosin Y d. Prolonged dehydration
a. Fat demonstration
After performing the routine H and E staining, These are brownish black granules produced b. Rapid diagnosis
the expected color of the red blood cells, by unstable formaldehyde fixatives as a result c. Enzyme histochemistry
eosinophilic granules and keratin is: of the reaction between formic acid and d. Amyloid demonstration
hemoglobin:
a. Pale pink Removal of formaldehyde or mercury pigments
b. Purplish pink a. Hemozoin from tissue sections is performed before:
c. Bright orange-red b. Paraformaldehyde
d. Deep pink c. Osmic acid crystals a. Fixation
d. Acid formaldehyde hematin b. Dehydration
During the fixation of cytological smears, the c. Staining
following precautions should be observed: The medtech experienced difficulty in section d. Sectioning
cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What is
1. Identify the slides before preparing the smears the probable reason for this problem? Jelly-like clots in effusions submitted for
2. Use paper clips to the identified end of the slide cytology may be prevented by using:
before preparing smears. 3. Smears should be a. Dirty knife
placed into the fixative container immediately after b. Delayed fixation a. Chelating agents
preparation. 4. Avoid striking the bottom of the c. Insufficient infiltration b. Heparin
fixative container forcefully. d. Insufficient clearing c. Isotonic saline
d. Citric acid
a. 1 and 3
b. 1,2,3,4
Smear prepared for cytologic examination from For calcium, the best stain is: When using a spray fixative in preserving
cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be obtained cytological smears, the slide should be kept at
by: a. Von Kossa stain a distance of about:
b. Congo stain
a. Pull apart c. Prussian blue a. 3 inches
b. Spreading d. Silver nitrate b. 1.5 ft.
c. Touch preparation c. 6 inches
d. Streaking The black osmic acid crystals from Flemming’s d. 12 inches
solution may be removed from the tissues by
If the tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, adding: The most difficult step to remedy in the
the most likely cause of this problem is: preparation of a high quality microscopic slide
a. Sodium thiosulfate of tissue is:
a. Incomplete impregnation b. Cold water
b. Prolonged fixation c. Alcohol a. Poor staining
c. Incomplete clearing d. Sodium chloride b. Improper sectioning
d. Incomplete fixation c. Incorrect section placement
In tissue processing, a brittle or hard tissue d. Poor fixation
Eosin is a red acid dye routinely used in may be because of:
histopathology as a counterstain after Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde
hematoxylin and before: a. Prolonged paraffin infiltration and Acrolein are both used for:
b. Overheated paraffin oven
a. Basic fuchsin c. Prolonged fixation a. Preservation of lipids
b. Methyl green d. All of these c. Plasma protein preservation
c. Methylene blue e. Prolonged clearing d. Clearing tissues
d. Congo red
The temperature of the melted paraffin used for All of the following fixatives usually contain
Autopsy materials should be preserved as embedding is: glacial acetic acid as their primary component,
soon after death as possible. If this cannot be except:
done, the body should be placed in a a. 56 C above its melting point
refrigerator kept at: b. 10 to 15 C above its melting point a. Heidenhain’s SuS
c. 1 to 4 C above its melting point b. Bouin’s fluid
a. 8C d. 5-10 C above its melting point c. Orth’s fluid
b. 4C d. Carnoy’s fluid
c. 10 C All of the following are classified as aldehyde
d. 1C fixatives, except: The plasma-thrombin method is a technique of
preparing:
The main purpose of fixation is to: a. 10% formol saline
b. Orth’s fluid a. Adhesive
a. Promote the attachment of fluids c. Glutaraldehyde b. Decalcification technique
b. Preserve the morphology of cells d. Formol-corrosive c. Cell block
c. Promote the attachment of stains or dyes d. Smears for cytology
d. Harden the tissue from further trauma Which of the following has no ability to make
the tissues transparent?
The correct fixative-to-tissue ratio is:
a. Gum syrup
a. 1:30 b. All of these
b. 1:20 c. Glycerin
c. 30:1 d. Chloroform
d. 20:1
1. The phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin 8. Which of the choices below is the correct c. Iodine
(PTAH) stain is useful for the demonstration REHYDRATION SEQUENCE of tissue d. Orcein
of: sections before hematoxylin staining? 15. It permits brilliant metachromatic staining of
a. Sputum cells a. 100% -->; 95% -->; 80% -->; 70% cells and is the routine fixative of choice for
b. Reticulin ethanol -->; water the preservation of cell details in tissue
c. Muscle striations b. Acetone -->; 70% -->; 80% -->; 90% photography:
d. Cholesterol crystals -->; 95% -->; Ethanol a. Mercuric chloride
2. The most difficult step to remedy in the c. Water -->; 100% -->; 95% -->; 90% - b. Picrates
preparation of a high-quality microscopic slide ->; 80% -->; water c. Formalin
of tissue is: d. Water -->; 70% -->; 80% -->; 90% -- d. Lead acetate
a. Incorrect section placement >; 95% -->; 100% ethanol 16.
b. Improper sectioning 9. The kind of acid present in the formula of Von 17. Using Lendrum’s MSB, old fibrin formations
c. Poor staining Ebner’s fluid is: will stain:
d. Poor fixation a. Trichloroacetic acid a. Red
3. The appropriate temperature for fixing b. Hydrochloric acid b. Blue
surgical specimens is: c. Nitric acid c. Pink
a. 37 C d. Formic acid d. Yellow
b. Refrigerator temperature 10. Smear prepared for cytologic examination 18. Autopsy materials should be preserved as
c. Room temperature from cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be soon after death as possible. If this cannot be
d. Freezing temperature obtained by: done, the body should be placed in a
4. This is a weakly basic dye used as a contrast a. Pull apart refrigerator kept at:
stain for staining ascaris eggs and red cells, b. Streaking a. 10 C
and as a bacterial spore stain. It is also used c. Spreading b. 4 C
both as a decolorizer and as a counterstain: d. Touch preparation c. 1 C
a. Malachite green 11. The purpose of adding phenol to each of the d. 8 C
b. Neutral red 95% ethanol baths is: 19. The plasma-thrombin method is a technique
c. Methyl green a. To harden tissues of preparing:
d. Methylene blue b. To enhance the staining process a. Cell block
5. Which of the following is used for c. To remove the alcohol b. Adhesive
deparaffinization? d. To soften tissues c. Decalcification technique
a. Acetone 12. This is the process of replacing the d. Smears for cytology
b. 95% alcohol dehydrating fluid with fluid that is miscible with 20. This is the most important reaction for
c. Xylene both the dehydrating fluid and the maintaining tissue appearance:
d. 70% alcohol impregnating or embedding medium: a. All of the choices
6. Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and a. Dealcoholization b. Stabilization of proteins
are collectively known as: b. Casting c. Stabilization of carbohydrates
a. Aniline dyes c. Decolorization d. Stabilization of fats
b. Carminic dyes d. Staining 21. Which of the following accelerates the speed
c. Natural dyes 13. All of the following are classified as aldehyde of staining reaction?
d. Carbonic dyes fixatives, except: a. Dye modifier
7. Which of the following fixatives is a. Glutaraldehyde b. Lake
recommended for fixing lymph glands, urgent b. Formol-corrosive c. Accentuator
biopsies, and chromosomes? c. 10% formol saline d. Mordant
a. Carnoy’s fluid d. Orth’s fluid 22. The following are all descriptions attributed to
b. Isopropyl alcohol 14. It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally Carnoy’s fluid, except:
c. Methyl alcohol used for microscopic study of starch granules: a. Excellent fixative for glycogen
d. Newcomer’s fluid a. Malachite green
b. Methylene blue
 b. Recommended for fixing c. Potassium aluminum sulfate a. Hydrochloric acid
chromosomes, lymph glands, and d. Ferric chloride b. Sulfuric acid
urgent biopsies 30. All of these are bluing agents, except: c. Acetic acid
c. Used also to fix brain tissue for the a. Sat. lithium carbonate d. Formic acid
diagnosis of rabies b. Acid alcohol 38. Glacial acetic acid must never be added to
d. The most rapid fixative c. Ammonia water cytoplasmic fixatives because:
e. None of these choices. d. None of these a. Both of these choices
23. Which of the following is not considered as a 31. If the tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, b. It destroys Golgi bodies.
clearing agent? the most likely cause of this problem is: c. It destroys the mitochondria.
a. None of these choices a. Incomplete clearing d. None of these choices.
b. Tetrahydrofuran b. Incomplete fixation 39.
c. Diethylene dioxide c. Prolonged fixation 40. The most reliable and specific histochemical
d. Both of these choices d. Incomplete impregnation staining technique for the DNA is:
24. This group of fixatives produces excessive 32. Excessive exposure to benzene may damage a. Feulgen Technique
yellow staining of tissues: the bone marrow resulting in: b. Methyl Green-Pyronin Technique
a. Picrates a. Iron deficiency anemia c. Cajal’s Gold Sublimate
b. Aldehydes b. Thalassemia d. Bodian’s Stain
c. Alcohols c. Hemoglobinopathies 41. Best Carmine solution is used to stain which
d. Chromates d. Aplastic anemia of the following?
25. The ideal time for a decalcification process to 33. The medtech experienced difficulty in section a. Glycogen
be completed is between: cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What b. C. neoformans
a. 24-48 hrs. is the probable reason for this problem? c. HbsAg
b. 10-18 hrs. a. Insufficient infiltration d. Mucins
c. 3-5 days b. Dirty knife 42. Bisphenol A, glycerol, and cyclohexene
d. 30-60 mins. c. Insufficient clearing dioxide are all examples of:
26. This is considered as the most sensitive of the d. Delayed fixation a. Plastic impregnating media
oil soluble dyes: 34. For calcium, the best stain is: b. Clearing agent
a. Sudan III a. Congo stain c. Fixatives
b. Sudan Black b. Von Kossa stain d. Paraffin wax
c. None of these c. Prussian blue 43. Sputum specimens intended for cytological
d. Sudan IV d. Silver nitrate examination are considered satisfactory if:
27. This is considered as the best general 35. Eosin is a red acid dye routinely used in a. There are many bacilli and columnar
decalcifying agent: histopathology as a counterstain after cells.
a. EDTA hematoxylin and before: b. It is very viscous and sticky.
b. 5% formic acid a. Basic fuchsin c. There are no cells seen.
c. 10% BNF b. Methyl green d. Alveolar macrophages are present.
d. Perenyi’s fluid c. Methylene blue 44. Which of the following is NOT a decalcifying
28. A machine for embedding with a defective d. Congo red agent?
thermostat (i.e., uncontrolled high 36. When wax has been reused, some water is a. Carnoy’s fluid
temperature) will produce tissues which are: mixed with it. In order to remove excess b. Perenyi’s fluid
a. Hard and brittle water, heat the wax to: c. None of these
b. Darker than its original color a. 20 C above its melting point d. Von Ebner’s fluid
c. Lighter than its original color b. 150-160 C 45. While examining a Papanicolaou smear, the
d. Soft and fleshy c. 80-90 C pathologist observed the presence of pear-
29. Which of the following may not be used to d. 100-105 C shaped microorganisms that stain blue-green
ripen hematoxylins? 37. In the routine H and E staining, the acid used with a slit-like eccentric nucleus. The said
a. Sodium iodate in combination with the alcohol in the organism is probably:
b. Mercuric oxide differentiator is the: a. Gardnerella vaginalis
 b. Entamoeba coli a. To prevent sticking of the slides b. 56 C above its melting point
c. Entamoeba histolytica upon storage c. 10 to 15 C above its melting point
d. Trichomonas vaginalis b. All of the above d. 5-10 C above its melting point
46. The best general tissue fixative: c. To immobilize the coverslip 61. Which of the following has no ability to make
a. 5% formic acid d. To prevent the escape of fluid or the tissues transparent?
b. Glutaraldehyde semi-fluid mounts a. Glycerin
c. 10% formalin 54. The color of OG-6 staining solution is: b. All of these
d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin a. Orange with a hint of green c. Gum syrup
47. Which of the following stains is used for b. Dark purple to black d. Chloroform
lipoprotein electrophoresis? c. None of these 62. What is the optimum temperature of the water
a. Ponceau S d. Olive green with a hint of brown and bath that is used to float tissue cut from the
b. Coomasie Brilliant Blue red microtome?
c. Amido Black 55. Removal of formaldehyde or mercury a. 45-50 C
d. Oil Red O pigments from tissue sections is performed b. 30 C
48. Glacial acetic acid is combined with many before: c. 37 C
other fixing agents to: a. Sectioning d. 50-56 C
a. Decrease chemical dislocations b. Dehydration 63. Markers in Immunohistochemical Tech. that is
b. Inhibit shrinking of cells c. Fixation useful in differentiating lung
c. Inhibit swelling of cells d. Staining adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas
d. Retain identical cell structure 56. The correct fixative-to-tissue ratio is: a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-
49. All of the following fixatives usually contain a. 1:1 1)
glacial acetic acid as their primary b. 1:20 b. HCG (human chorionic
component, except: c. 1:30 gonadotropin)
a. Orth’s fluid d. 30:1 c. Actin
b. Heidenhain’s SuSa e. 20:1 d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
c. Bouin’s fluid 57. It is considered to be the most rapid clearing e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
d. Carnoy’s fluid agent, suitable for urgent biopsies which it 64. Saccomano’s fixative is composed of ethanol
50. The pathology blocks should be kept for: clears within 15-30 minutes: and:
a. 1 year only a. Chloroform a. Formaldehyde
b. 2 years b. Clove oil b. Xylene
c. 10 years c. Xylene c. 2% Carbowax
d. 24 hours d. Benzene d. Ether-formaldehyde
51. Of the following commonly used methods of 58. Ester wax has all of the following 65. Should the clearing agent turned milky as
freezing, which one is considered to be the characteristics, except: soon as the tissue was placed in it, the most
most rapid? a. Its melting point is 46-48 C. probable reason for this is:
a. Isopentane b. It is soluble in water. a. Insufficient impregnation
b. Carbon dioxide gas c. It is soluble in the dehydrating fluid. b. Prolonged dehydration
c. Oxygen gas d. None of these c. Prolonged fixation
d. Liquid nitrogen 59. The main purpose of fixation is to: d. Incomplete dehydration
52. Carazzi hematoxylin uses this kind of a. Promote the attachment of fluids 66. In the routine H and E method:
mordant: b. Promote the attachment of stains or a. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are
a. Lead dyes pale pink
b. Tungsten c. Preserve the morphology of cells b. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is
c. Iron d. Harden the tissue from further pale pink
d. Alum trauma c. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are
53. Ringing is the process of sealing the margins 60. The temperature of the melted paraffin used blue
of the coverslip. The reason/s for doing this for embedding is: d. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm
process is/are: a. 1 to 4 C above its melting point is blue
67. For delicate tissues like embryos and animal 73. Which of the stains given below may be d. 6 inches
tissues, it is recommended to start utilized to show deposits of fibrin? 80. This is considered to be the best dehydrating
dehydrating with this concentration of ethanol: a. PAS agent in tissue processing:
a. 15% b. Gram’s Iodine stain a. Butyl alcohol
b. 55% c. MSB Technique b. Denatured alcohol
c. 65% d. Congo Red Method c. Isopropyl alcohol
d. 45% 74. EA 50, used in Pap’s staining, is a d. Ethyl alcohol
e. 30% polychrome stain composed of three stains 81. After performing the routine H and E staining,
68. During the fixation of cytological smears, the which include all of the following, except: the expected color of the red blood cells,
following precautions should be observed: 1. a. Hematoxylin eosinophilic granules and keratin is:
Identify the slides before preparing the b. Light Green SF a. Pale pink
smears 2. Use paper clips to the identified c. Eosin Y b. Bright orange-red
end of the slide before preparing smears. 3. d. Bismarck Brown c. Deep pink
Smears should be placed into the fixative 75. Which of the following fixatives may also act d. Purplish pink
container immediately after preparation. 4. as a dehydrating agent? 82. Which of the following fixatives is useful in the
Avoid striking the bottom of the fixative a. Ethanol preservation of sputum specimens?
container forcefully. b. Glutaraldehyde a. Methanol
a. 1 and 3 c. Formalin b. Newcomer’s fluid
b. 2 and 4 d. Orth’s fluid c. Alcoholic formalin
c. 2,3,4 76. All of these statements are true for regressive d. Formol-saline
d. 1,2,3,4 staining, except: 83. Picric acid may be used as:
69. Complete the following sentence: “For routine a. Tissue is first overstained, then a. Decalcifying agent
histologic procedures, tissue sections are excess stain is subsequently b. Stain
commonly cut between ________________ removed. c. Fixative
in thickness.” b. It may be used for routine staining of d. All of these
a. 10 to 15 µ tissues. 84. The correct order of the steps involved in
b. 4 to 6 µ c. It requires a differentiator. routine tissue processing is:
c. 50 to 100 µ d. When dye is taken up by the tissue, a. Fixation, dehydration, clearing,
d. 0.5 to 1.0 µ it is not decolorized. impregnation, embedding, trimming,
70. The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for 77. The Warthin-Starry method of staining is used sectioning, staining, and mounting
cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______. for the demonstration of: b. Fixation, dehydration, impregnation,
a. 2.0 micra a. Fungi embedding, clearing, trimming,
b. 10 to 15 micra b. Spirochetes sectioning, staining, and mounting
c. 4 to 6 micra c. Elastic fibers c. Fixation, dehydration, clearing,
d. 0.5 micra d. Viruses impregnation, embedding, trimming,
71. Which of the following terms is synonymous 78. In tissue processing, a brittle or hard tissue staining, sectioning, and mounting
to embedding? may be because of: d. Fixation, dehydration, clearing,
a. Dealcholization a. All of these impregnation, embedding, trimming,
b. Infiltration b. Prolonged paraffin infiltration sectioning, staining, and mounting
c. Blocking c. Prolonged fixation 85. This clearing agent is recommended for tough
d. Orientation d. Overheated paraffin oven tissues. However, it is toxic to the liver after
72. Frozen section is used for the following e. Prolonged clearing prolonged inhalation, and it does not make
purposes, except: 79. When using a spray fixative in preserving the tissues transparent.
a. Fat demonstration cytological smears, the slide should be kept at a. Clove oil
b. Enzyme histochemistry a distance of about: b. Xylene
c. Rapid diagnosis a. 1.5 ft. c. Chloroform
d. Amyloid demonstration b. 12 inches d. Aniline oil
c. 3 inches
86. The optimum working temperature for the 94. For frozen section, the tissue should be sent of the reaction between formic acid and
cold microtome is: to the laboratory: hemoglobin:
a. Between -18 to -20 C a. In saline a. Acid formaldehyde hematin
b. Between 5 to 10 C b. In 10% formalin b. Osmic acid crystals
c. Between -5 to -10 C c. Fresh and unfixed c. Paraformaldehyde
d. Between 10 to 15 C 95. Excessive mounting medium will cause it to d. Hemozoin
87. EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of ooze out of the sides of the cover glass, and
what infiltrating medium? should be carefully wiped with a fine cloth
a. Plastic moistened with:
b. Paraffin a. Xylene
c. Celloidin b. Formalin
d. Gelatin c. Water
88. The ripening agent for the Harris Hematoxylin d. Melted paraffin
is: e. Bleach
a. Sodium iodate 96. Jelly-like clots in effusions submitted for
b. None of these cytology may be prevented by using:
c. Potassium iodate a. Citric acid
d. Mercuric oxide b. Heparin
89. The required fixation time of the most rapid c. Chelating agents
fixative is: d. Isotonic saline
a. 10-15 minutes 97. The black osmic acid crystals from
b. At least 4 hours Flemming’s solution may be removed from
c. 30 minutes the tissues by adding:
d. 1-3 hours only a. Sodium thiosulfate
90. For satisfactory fixation, the pH of the b. Sodium chloride
preservative should be within: c. Alcohol
a. pH 6-8 d. Cold water
b. pH 9 98. The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s
c. pH 7 only Egg Albumin is to:
d. pH 3.0 a. Stabilize the preparation
e. pH 4 b. Prevent drying
91. One of these can be used as a decalcifying c. Prevent fungal overgrowth
agent and as a tissue softener: d. Prevent bacterial overgrowth
a. Hydrochloric acid 99. All of the following are staining methods used
b. Perenyi’s fluid for the demonstration of elastic fibers, except:
c. Formic acid a. Verhoeff’s stain
d. Phloroglucin-nitric acid b. None of these
92. The sectioning of ester wax-impregnated c. Taenzer-Unna Orcein method
tissues should be performed on a: d. Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin stain
a. Freezing microtome e. Krajian’s method
b. Rocking microtome 100. Which of the following may be used for
c. Rotary microtome hemoglobin staining?
d. Sliding microtome a. Benzidine
93. The mordant used for Mayer’s Hematoxylin is: b. Gentian violet
a. Ferric chloride c. Iodine
b. Sodium iodate d. Congo red
c. Mercuric oxide 101. These are brownish black granules produced
d. Potash alum by unstable formaldehyde fixatives as a result
Which of the following is an elicited effect of How many changes of paraffin wax is The eosin has high affinity for ____
the process dehydration? essential to remove the clearing agent in an components in the cell.
automatic tissue processor?
a. Harden tissue a. Basic
b. Remove fixative and water a. 3-5 b. Neutral
c. Stabilization of proteins b. 1-3 c. None of these
d. Make tissue clear c. 1-2 d. Acidic
d. 2-3
Best general decalcifying agent. Which of the following person first
Which of the following technique is carried introduced the use of paraffin in wax
a. Phloroglucin nitric acid out on the knife to remove burr? embedding procedure?
b. Von Ebner's
c. 5% Formic acid a. Stropping a. Pappenheimer
d. Flemming's fluid b. Polishing b. Papanicolaou
c. Trimming c. Butschlii
Embryonic and animal tissues should start the d. Honing d. Walter
dehydration process in the initial
concentration of ___? Plane concave knife can be used to cut tissue Which of the following technique is carried
sections embedded using ____. out on the knife to remove gross nicks?
a. 65%
b. 30% a. Paraffin a. Polishing
c. 70% b. Neither b. Trimming
d. 95% c. Celloidin c. Honing
d. Either d. Stropping
Which of the following fixative is used to
preserve sputum? Which of the following is a known function of Which among the choices is the correct way
Perenyi's fluid? of carrying out the honing procedure?
a. Methyl alcohol
b. Alcoholic Formalin a. Either a. 30 double strokes toe to head
c. Isopropyl alcohol b. Neither b. 30 double strokes heel to toe
d. Ethyl alcohol c. Fixative c. 30 double strokes head to toe
d. Tissue softener d. 30 double strokes toe to heel
Most rapid decalcifying agent.
Which of the following decalcifying agents is Best known aldehyde fixative.
a. Von Ebner's not suitable for fluids containing mineral
b. Perenyi's fluid acids? a. Formol corrosive
c. Formol nitic acid b. 10% Neutral buffered formalin
d. Phloroglucin nitric acid a. Chelating agents c. Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-
b. Electrophoresis glutaraldehyde
c. Ion exchange resins d. Acrolein
d. Acid decalcifying agents
Which of the following step is implored to get Which of the following decalcifying agents is Which of the following chemical is added to
rid of the unwanted artifacts upon staining? ideal for immunohistochemical staining in gelatin to inhibit the growth of molds?
tissue sections?
a. Dealcoholization a. Phenol
b. Differentiator a. Ion exchange resins b. Ethanol
c. Deparaffinization b. Acid decalcifying agents c. Methanol
d. Washing out c. Electrophoresis d. Resin
d. Chelating agents
Which among the choices is the correct way Ideally to facilitate a quality embedding
of carrying out the stropping procedure? Which of the following embedding medium produce paraffin should be melted in a
can be used to the tissue even without prior paraffin oven with a temperature ________
a. 30 double stroke toe to heel dehydration and clearing of the tissue the melting point of the paraffin wax used.
b. 40 double stroke heel to toe specimen?
c. 30 double stroke heel to toe a. 4-6°C below
d. 40 double stroke toe to heel a. Paraplast b. 2-5°C above
b. Carbowax c. 2-5°C below
Which of the following techniques can hasten c. Paraffin d. 4-6°C above
decalcification process? d. Esterwax
Which of the following fixatives can fix bone
a. All of these A medical technologist happens to proceed marrow biopsies for 1.5 to 2 hours?
b. Greater amount of decalcifying agent with decalcification following a temperature
c. Application of heat of 37°C. Which of the tissue elements would a. Zenker’s formol
d. More concentrated decalcifying agent not be visible if Van Gieson's stain was b. Schaudinn’s fixative
implored? c. B5 fixative
Decalcification process using ion exchange d. Heidenhain Susa
resins can be hasten using ___? a. None of these
b. Fibroelastic fibers A part of the automatic tissue processor
a. Tricholoroacetic acid responsible for moving the tissue specimen
b. Formic acid c. Collagen fibers
d. Elastic fibers from a processing reagent to another.
c. Formol nitric acid
d. Chromic acid Which of the following embedding medium a. Probe
that would be used will take take long period b. Beam balance
Denatured alcohol is a compound of what c. Transfer foot
alcohol/s? of time to be accomplished?
d. Transfer arm
a. Either a. Paraplast
b. Cellloidin Which of the following techniques can cause
b. Isopropyl alcohol damage to the tissue being processed for
c. Methyl alcohol c. Carbowax
d. Tissue mat decalcification?
d. Neither
a. All of these
b. More concentrated decalcifying agent
 c. Greater amount of decalcifying agent Which of the following honing stone is used A medical technologist submerges a tissue
d. Application of heat for badly nicked and jagged knives? specimen at a decalcifying agent following a
temperature of 55°C. What would more likely
Completeness of the decalcification process is a. Belgium yellow happen to the tissue after 24 hours.
measured through poking a rod or a stick b. Fine carborandum
unto the tissue to approximate. c. Whetstone a. Tissue will become soft
d. Arkansas b. Tissue will have impaired nuclear
a. Xray method staining
b. None of these Which of the following embedding medium c. Tissue will have impaired cytoplasmic
c. Physical method can be used to the tissue even without prior staining
d. Chemical method clearing of the tissue specimen? d. Tissue will undergo complete
Which of the following embedding medium is a. Ester wax digestion
recommended for whole eye section? b. Paraplast Which of the following is not an ideal fixative
c. Embeddol characteristic?
a. Carbowax d. Tissue mat
b. Paraplast a. Provide distortion
c. Ester wax Which of the following dehydrating agents is b. Harden tissue
d. Bioloid used in the routine process of dehydrating c. Produce minimum shrinkage
tissue samples? d. Inhibit bacterial decomposition
Which of the following is a part of an
automatic tissue processor responsible for a. Methyl alcohol Which of the following technique is carried
controlling the time necessary for each b. Isopropyl alcohol out on the knife to remove gross irregularities
processing step? c. Ethyl alcohol in the tissue section during microtomy?
d. Butyl alcohol
a. Mechanical clock a. Honing
b. Digital clock Tissue in fixation is preserved by preventing b. Polishing
c. Electrical clock the following except. c. Trimming
d. Alarm clock d. Stropping
a. Hardening
Which of the following is an ideal pH for b. Putrefaction Considered as the simplest among the types
fixation? c. Distortion of microtomes.
d. Degeneration
a. 5-9 a. Rotary microtome
b. 5-7 Fixes connective tissue mucin and is b. Freezing microtome
c. 6-8 recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides. c. Sliding microtome
d. 6-9 d. Rocking microtome
a. Chromate fixatives
b. Mercuric chloride fixatives
c. Picric acid fixatives
d. Lead fixatives
Which of the following decalcifying agents is d. Tree Which of the following is the major
ideal for enzyme staining in tissue sections? disadvantage of using the rocking microtome?
Which of the following among the choices is
a. Electrophoresis not a freezing agent? a. Sections are liable to disintegrate
b. Acid decalcifying agents b. Turning the ratchet feed wheel
c. Ion exchange resins a. Isohexane c. Reorienting the block
d. Chelating agents b. Carbon dioxide d. Inclining the pawl
c. Liquid nitrogen
Which of the following agent is known to be d. Aerosol spray The technician is currently on the embedding
toxic to the liver upon prolonged exposure? stage of the tissue processing to facilitate
Sections to be cut using the ultrathin producing a quality tissue block the
a. Chloroform microtome are fixed using ___. technician must ensure that the paraffin oven
b. Benzene temperature must be kept at ______.
c. Xylene a. Gluteraldehyde
d. Toluene b. Formol saline a. 60-65°C
c. 10% Formalin b. 45-50°C
What is the maximum amount of frequency d. Osmium tetroxide c. 55-60°
that a paraffin wax can be reused no matter if d. 50-55°C
it was filtered? Which of the following fixative is best used
for iron containing granules tissue? Which among the honing stone gives a better
a. 1x polishing effect?
b. 3x a. Formol calcium
c. 5x b. 10% Neutral buffered formalin a. Fine carborandum
d. 2x c. 10% Formol saline b. Belgium yellow
d. Formol corrosive c. Whetstone
Which of the following clearing agent is d. Arkansas
known to cause damage on the bone marrow Which of the following aldehyde fixatives
upon prolonged exposure and may potential contains mercuric chloride? Excellent fixative for glycogen
cause aplastic type of anemia. a. Glutaraldehyde a. Ohlmacher’s
a. Chloroform b. Acrolein b. Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol fixative
b. Benzene c. Formol corrosive c. Orth’s fluid
c. Xylene d. Formol calcium d. Chromic acid
d. Toluene A biconcave knife is ideally used using a ___. Rehydration of the tissue section is done
Which of the following is a source for the a. Sliding microtome using _____.
stain hematoxylin? b. Rocking microtome a. Descending grade of xylene
a. Blood c. Freezing microtome b. Ascending grade of xylene
b. Insect d. Rotary microtome c. Ascending grade of alcohol
c. Moss d. Descending grade of alcohol
Which of the following classes of alcohol can d. Ultraviolet c. Calcium oxalate
be used in a dehydration process imploring d. Triple phosphate
the microwave technique? Which of the following process would
describe a tissue being arranged in precise Copper sulfate will turn to ____ color if the
a. Isopropyl alcohol positions in the mold? dehydration process is completed.
b. Butyl alcohol
c. Ethyl alcohol a. Orientation a. Green
d. Denatured alcohol b. Embedding b. Violet
c. Blocking c. Blue
The hematoxylin has high affinity for ____ d. Casting d. White
components in the cell.
Which of the following clearing agents is The presence of an odor in the final bath of
a. Basic recommended for CNS tissues? paraffin that smells like the _______ indicates
b. None of these that the paraffin wax in the baths should be
c. Acidic a. Carbon tetrachloride changed.
d. Neutral b. Aniline oil
c. Clove oil a. Clearing agent
Which of the following is a correct tissue to d. Cedarwood oil b. Fixative
fluid ratio in the process of decalcification? c. Dehydrating agent
Which of the following type of knife is used to d. Decalcifying agent
a. 1:20 cut resin embedded sections?
b. 10:1 Which of the following is the most common
c. 1:10 a. Glass knife and regarded as one of the best embedding
d. 20:1 b. Ralph knife media?
c. Diamond knife
What would be the appropriate melting point d. Steel knife a. Gelatin
of the paraffin if the current laboratory b. Celloidin
temperature is at 16°C. Which of the following dehydrating agent is c. Plastic
used in blood film preparation? d. Paraffin
a. 54°C
b. 55°C a. Methyl alcohol The biconcave knife is ideally used for tissue
c. 57°C b. Butyl alcohol embedded using ___.
d. 56°C c. Denatured alcohol
d. Ethyl alcohol a. Gelatin
Which of the following mechanism hasten the b. Celloidi
impregnation process by removing air Which of the following chemical agent is used c. Paraffin
bubbles within the tissue such as lungs? to measure the completeness of d. Resin
decalcification process?
a. Infrared
b. Heat a. Calcium carbonate
c. Vacuum b. Calcium carbide
Which of the following fixative is best used Admixture of water with the paraffin may be Regaud's fluid is ideal in the preservation and
for iron containing granules tissue? resolved by bringing the heating temperature demonstration of the following cell organelle
all the way up to ______. except.
a. 10% Formol saline
b. Formol calcium a. 120-150° a. Golgi bodies
c. 10% Neutral buffered formalin b. 100-120°C b. Mitochondria
d. Formol corrosive c. 100-105°C c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. 150-200°C d. Chromatin
Which of the following is not a characteristic
of an ideal dehydrating solution? What is the recommended size of the honing What would be the appropriate melting point
stone? of the paraffin if the current laboratory
a. It should not be able to dehydrate temperature is at 23°C.
fatty tissues a. 3 inch x 5 inch
b. It should not harden tissues b. 8 inch x 2 inch a. 52°
excessively c. 8 inch x 5 inch b. 53°
c. It should not remove stains d. 8 inch x 3 inch c. 51°C
d. It should not evaporate very fast d. 55°C
Which of the following decalcifying agent is
In vacuum embedding, a negative ideal for surface decalcification? Which of the solution may act as both fixative
atmospheric pressure is applied to facilitate and a decalcifying agent?
the procedure in such way the machine has a a. Von Ebner's
manometer to monitor that the pressure is b. Tricholoroacetic acid a. 5% Formic acid
maintained at ______. c. 5% Formic acid b. Perenyi's flui
d. Perenyi's fluid c. Von Ebner's
a. 400-500 mmHg d. Phloroglucin nitric acid
b. 300-600 mmH Most rapid fixing fixative
c. 500-600 mmHg Which of the following process is incomplete
a. Bouin’s is a tissue specimen submerged in xylene had
d. 350-500 mmHg b. Flemmings solution turned milky?
Paraffin wax may be used for the second time c. Carnoy’s fluid
granted it was not smelling like the agent d. Newcomer’s fluid a. Dealcoholization
used prior to embedding and if it was filtered b. Clearing
Working solution of formalin is made at what c. Fixation
using ___. concentration? d. Dehydration
a. Greens No. 905 a. 37%
b. Greens No. 90 Which of the following is the coloring
b. 40% substrate of hematoxylin?
c. Greens No. 903 c. 10%
d. Greens No. 904 d. 20% a. Globin
b. Hematin
c. Heme
 d. Hemoglobin d. Rotary microtome b. None of these
c. Physical method
Dehydrating agents are generally used in Which of the following dehydrating agents is d. Xray method
what order of concentration? ideal for delicate tissue such as plant and
animal tissue for it is regarded to have a slow Rossman's formula for fixing tissue in frozen
a. Either penetrating action. section contains ___?
b. Ascending
c. Neithe a. Butyl alcohol a. Acetone
d. Descending b. Ethyl alcohol b. Alcohol
c. Denatured alcoho c. Formalin
Make tissues clear but does not remove d. Methyl alcohol d. Calcium
alcohol.
Which of the following honing stone gives the Which of the following clearing agent is ideal
a. Glycerine best result for honing a knife that had been for urgent biopsies?
b. Clove oil blunted and nicked?
c. Methyl benzoate a. Benzene
d. Aniline oil a. Arkansas b. Xylene
b. Fine carborandum c. Toluene
Which of the following is regarded as the c. Whetston d. Chloroform
most rapid clearing agent? d. Belgium yellow
Which of the following is not a service of the
a. Chloroform Sections to be cut using the ultrathin chemical xylene in the routine H&E staining
b. Toluene microtome are embedded using ___. process?
c. Carbon tetrachloride
d. Xylol a. Gelatin a. Dealcoholization
b. Paraffin b. Differentiator
Which of the following embedding medium is c. Celloidin c. Deparaffinization
recommended for large tissue blocks such as d. Resin d. Clearing
the bones and the brain?
Fixative commonly used in the diagnosis of Which of the following knife is utilized to
a. Embeddol cases for rabies. tough tissue specimen that is embedded
b. Carbowax using paraffin?
c. Paraplast a. Acetone
d. Ester wax b. Flemming's solution a. Plane convex knife
c. Osmium tetroxide b. Plane concave knife
A plane wedge knife is ideally used using a d. Tricholoroacetic acid c. Biconcave knife
___. d. Plane wedge knife
Most sensitive way of measuring
a. Sliding microtome completeness of the decalcification process.
b. Rocking microtome
c. Ultrathin microtome a. Chemical method
Which of the following decalcifying agents is
ideal for electron microscopy in tissue
sections?

a. Acid decalcifying agents

b. Ion exchange resins
c. Electrophoresis
d. Chelating agents