What is Light ?

● Light is a kind of energy that can travel

through space in a form of wave.
● Light is a kind of radiant energy, usually
referring to electromagnetic radiation that is
visible to the human eye.

Light energy is the only form of energy that we can

actually see directly. It is formed through chemical,
radiation, and mechanical means. Light energy can also be
converted into other forms of energy. Light travels at a
speed of about 300,000 km/s.
Light can travel through empty space and is faster
than the sound waves.
 COLORS OF LIGHT

Q3. Why do you see the different colors of light?

Q4. What is the role of mirror in your activity?
 LIGHT ENERGY

● Light from the sun or flashlights looks

white, but it is really a mixture of many
colors.

● The colors in white light are red, orange,

yellow, green, blue indigo and
violet.(ROYGBIV)
 WHITE LIGHT

White light is nothing

but colorless daylight.
This contains all the
wavelengths of the
visible spectrum at
equal intensity.

Mixture of many
colors
HOW DOES LIGHT NORMALLY MOVE?
Light travels in straight line until it hits
something else.
Light scatters and loses energy the
further away from its source.
MANY COLORS = WHITE
Dispersion is a kind of refraction which provided us
colors of light. This phenomenon is observed when
white light passes through a prism.
 PRISM
A prism is a transparent
optical element with flat and
polished surfaces that
disperses light. Usually a
prism has a triangular base
and rectangular sides. Prisms
can be made from any
transparent materials like
glass, plastic or fluorite.
 A triangular prism dispersing a beam of
white light. The longer wavelengths (red) and
the shorter wavelengths (blue) get separated
 Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.

1. ________is
Light a kind of energy that can travel through space.
It looks white, but it is really a combination of many colors.
white light are red, orange, yellow, green,
2. The colors in ______
blue, indigo, and violet.
3. When light appears white, it is made up of different colors
just like the colors of the rainbow. The colors can be
prism
separated by shining light into _________.
Dispersion is the separation of white light into its
4. ___________
component colors as it passes through a prism.
5. The main purpose of the prism is to separate visible light
red
into constituent colors namely: _______, orange _______,
_______, yellow
________,
green ________,
blue ________,
indigo and ________
violet (ROYGBIV)
HIERARCHY OF
COLORS
Range of Wavelength, Frequency and
Energy of Light
 FREQUENCY OF LIGHT WAVE

● The frequency of light waves refers to the number

of waves that move at a certain point in one
second.
● Frequency is generally measured in Hertz, the units
of cycles per second. Color has the frequency
ranging from 430 trillion Hertz to 750 trillion Hertz.
● Waves can also go beyond and below those
frequencies, but they are not visible to the human
eye.
The more energy in the wave, the higher its frequency.
The lower the frequency is, the less energy in the wave.
Wavelength (typically measured in nanometers) is the
distance between two points in a wave.
 Wavelength, Frequency and Energy of
Light

● Violet has highest frequency and shortest wavelength

● Red has lowest frequency and longest wavelength

● The wavelengths and frequencies of the colors vary.

The wavelength decreases from red to violet while
the frequency increases from red to violet

● As the frequency of the color of light increases the

energy also increases. Red has the least frequency
and violet has the highest frequency and highest
energy
 Red
•Longest wavelength
Red vs. Violet •Least frequency
•Least energy
•Lowest index of refraction
•Bends the least
Violet
•Shortest
wavelength
•Highest frequency
•Highest energy
•Highest index of
refraction
•Bends the most
 Visible Light Waves
Visible light waves are the only
electromagnetic waves we can see. We see
these waves as the colors of the rainbow.
Each color has a different wavelength. Red
has the longest wavelength and violet has
the shortest wavelength. When all the
waves are seen together, they make white
light.
Visible Light Waves
What Is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
• The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete
range of electromagnetic waves placed in
order of increasing frequency.
 VISIBLE LIGHT
(part of EM spectrum)
 Electromagnetic Waves
• Believe it or not, you are being
“showered” all the time, not by rain but
by waves.
 Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.

1. The color of white light ranges from _____,red 430 trillion

violet 750 trillion Hertz.
Hertz, to _______,
higher its frequency. The
2. The more energy in a wave, the ______
lower energy in the wave.
lower the frequency is, the ______
Violet has the highest energy color while ______
3. _______ Red has the
lowest energy.
violet
4. The shortest wavelength is ________, and the longest
red
wavelength is _______.
higher energy of the wave, the faster it moves from
5. The ________
one medium to another. On the other hand, the ______ lower
energy of the wave, the slower it travels from one medium
to another.
 Light waves across the
electromagnetic spectrum behave in
similar ways. When a light wave
encounters an object, they are
either transmitted, reflected, absorbed,
refracted, polarized, diffracted, or
scattered depending on the composition
of the object and the wavelength of the
light.
BENDING OF
COLORS
• REFRACTION
 REFRACTION

Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from

one medium to another. When light crosses the
boundary of two media of different optical density, a
change in speed takes place.

The index of refraction of a

material is a quantity that
compares the speed of
light in a material to its
speed in a vacuum.
 REFRACTION
•The change in direction
and speed.
•Moving from water to air,
light changes angles and
speed of travel.

When light crosses the boundary of

two media of different optical density,
a change in speed takes place. The
optical density is the measurement of a
component’s ability to slow the
transmission of light. This change in
speed is manifested by the bending of
the light ray
REFRACTION
REFRACTION
Colors of light and variation of refractive index
Red with the least index
of refraction refracts
least and appears at the
top.

Violet with greatest

index of refraction
refracts most and
appears at the bottom
 RAINBOW FORMATION

A rainbow requires two things:

● Water droplets

● Sunlight
REFLECTION
CLEAR=TRANSPARENT
SMOKY=TRANSLUCENT
SOLID=OPAQUE
 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
Diffraction is the slight
bending of light as it passes
around the edge of an object.
The amount of bending depends
on the relative size of the
wavelength of light to the size
of the opening. If the opening is
much larger than the light's
wavelength, the bending will be
almost unnoticeable.
 Fill in the blanks to complete the idea of the
sentences.

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium

1. __________
to another of different optical densities.
2. The index of refraction of a material is a quantity that compares
_______________
the speed of light in that material to its speed in a vacuum.
Reflection
3. _____________ bouncing back of light when it approaches a
smooth surface.
transparent
4. A _____________object allows all the light to pass through.
5. A rainbow is a phenomenon which is caused
reflection dispersion
refraction and _____________.
by__________,___________
 Week 5 Performance Task 2

Color spectrum wheel

● Bring the following materials

● Scissors
● Used folder
● Glue
● Round head fastener
● Crayons
● Ruler
● Pencil