ASYNCHRONOUS AND

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
EXPERIMENT 7: REPORT

ABDUL QADIR JEELANI

Roll No: 2K19/EE/004
Email: abdulqadirjeelani_2k19ee004@dtu.ac.in
DATE: 31/03/2021
AIM:
Load Test on Three Phase Alternator

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
● Virtual Lab Simulator

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

S.NO TOPIC
1 Theory
2 Simulation and Observations
3 Graph
4 Conclusion
Theory:
The most commonly used machine for generation of electrical
power for commercial purpose is the synchronous generator or
alternator. An alternator works as a generator when its rotor
carrying the field system is rotated by a prime-mover which in
this case is DC shunt motor.

The terminal voltage of an alternator changes with load.

Alternators are by far the most important source of electric
energy. Alternators generate an AC voltage whose frequency
depends entirely upon the speed of rotation. The generated
voltage value depends upon the speed, the dc field excitation and
the power factor of the load.

As the DC field excitation of an alternator is increased, its speed

being held constant, the magnetic flux, and hence, the output
voltage, will also increase in direct proportion to the current.
However, with progressive increases in DC field current, the flux
will eventually reach a high enough value to saturate the iron in
the alternator.

Saturation in the iron means that there will be a smaller increase

in flux for a given increase in DC field current. Because the
generated voltage is directly related to the magnetic flux
intensity, it can be used as a measure of the degree of saturation.
When an alternator delivering full rated output voltage is
suddenly subjected to a short-circuit, very large currents will
initially flow.
However, these large short-circuit currents drop off rapidly to
safe values if the short-circuit is maintained. The output voltage
of an alternator depends essentially upon the total flux in the
air-gap. At no load this flux is established and determined
exclusively by the DC field excitation. Under load, however, the
air-gap flux is determined by the ampere-turns of the rotor and
the ampere-turns of the stator.

The latter may aid or oppose the MMF (magnetomotive force) of

the rotor depending upon the power factor of the load. Leading
power factors assist the rotor, and lagging power factors oppose
it. Load test of an alternator provides the information about the
efficiency and regulation.

It is performed by driving the alternator at its rated speed and

increasing the field excitation till the armature voltage reaches to
its rated value. Increase the load on alternator terminals during
this process alternator armature current will increase, terminal
voltage will vary according to the type of the load. By observing
the input and output of an alternator at each load we can
calculate the corresponding efficiency and regulation.
Simulation and Observations:
Graph:

1. IFA VS VRY:

2. IASH VS MOT O/P:

3. IFA VS Speed:

4. VFA VS IFA:
5. O/P Alt VS %EFF:

6. O/P Alt VS VRY:

7. O/P Alt VS VOLT. REG.:

8. O/P Alt VS SPEED:

9. O/P Alt VS IASH:

CONCLUSION:
From the graph

1. Load test of an alternator provides the information about

the efficiency and regulation.
2. It is performed by driving the alternator at its rated speed
and increasing the field excitation till the armature voltage
reaches its rated value.
3. Increase the load on alternator terminals during this
process alternator armature current will increase, terminal
voltage will vary according to the type of the load.
4. By observing the input and output of an alternator at each
load we can calculate the corresponding efficiency and
regulation.

THE END