VASANTRAO NAIK MARATHWADA KRISHI VIDYAPEETH,PARBHANI

College Of Agriculture , Nehrunagar , Kandhar ,Dist: Nanded

RAWE & AIA(2020-2021)

Course. no : 401
Name Of Component : Village Attachment

Name of student : Asabe Sangramsinh Arjun

Reg.no : 2017AGNN04
Name of village : Khedbhalwani Tahsil: Pandharpur Dist : Solapur
Name of programme officer :Prof.Nanher A.H.Sir
Name of village attachment Co-ordinator : Prof. Nanher A.H.Sir
 Information of host farmer

• Name of host farmer : Salunkhe Mahesh Pandurang

• Village: Khedbhalwani Tq: Pandharpur Dist: Solapur
• Total family members: 4 members
• Cropping pattern(previous year): Maize,Sorghum,Sugarcane,Piegon pea
• Cropping pattern (current year): Blackgram,Chilli,Sugarcane,maizeetc
• Livestock: 1 Buffalo, 2 Bullocks
• Marketing of produce: At local market
• Adoption of new technology :Yes
• General view about host farmer:
The family members of host farmer are friendly and co-operate, they helped a lot during my entire village
attachment , and they allowed me to conduct various experiments. They also helped me while taking
demonstrations,and shared a lot of practical knowledge.
 INTERVENTIONS

• Orientation and village survey

• Agronomical interventions including seed production
• Plant protection interventions
• Soil improvement interventions (soil sampling &testing )
• Fruits, vegetables and flower production interventions
• Food processing and storage interventions
• Animal production interventions
• Extension and transfer of technology interventions
• Agriculture economics and farm management interventions
 ORIENTATION AND VILLAGE SURVEY

Village maps Annual weather data

➢ Weather data of last year and current year
➢ Conducting PRA ,techno-socio economic survey of village and group discussion with village leaders, about
overall condition of village, resources endowment and its utilization, problems faced by villagers, and
important aspects of economic, location of host farmer house , field and survey numbers .
 AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS INCLUDING SEED PRODUCTION
AGRONOMY

• SCHEDULES:
➢1.A cost of cultivation [maintanence of daily operations (any one major crop)].
➢1.B documentation of indigenous technical knowledge(ITK) practices followed in cultivation of
agronomical crops in the village .
• DEMONSTRATIONS:
➢Demonstrations on integrated weed management in major crops.
➢Knowledge and utilization of apps in seeking crop production technology information .
➢ 1.A cost of cultivation [maintanence of daily operations (any one major crop)]
1.B documentation of indigenous technical knowledge(ITK) practices followed in cultivation
of agronomical crops in the village .

➢ The variety used for cultivation is TAU-1, and its yield is 8 qtls/0.8ha .the total income is Rs56,000/- and
its B.C Ratio is 2.8 respectively.
➢ Different ITK practices used by the farmer for controlling pests and diseases .
 Demonstration on integrated weed management in major crops

Introduction:
➢ Integrated weed management (IWM) approach
aims at minimizing the residue problem in plant ,
soil, air and water.
➢ An IWM involves the utilization of a
combination of mechanical, chemical and
cultural practices of weed management in a
planned sequence , so designed as not to affect
the ecosystem .
 AGRONOMICAL INTERVENTIONS INCLUDING SEED PRODUCTION
BOTANY

• SCHEDULES :
➢2A. Seed production and its cost of field/ horticultural crops.
➢2B.Collection of germplasm (wild species, landraces ,local varieties etc)
➢2C.Study the performance of new variety/ popular variety of field/ horticultural crops.
• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢Seed treatment for germination.
➢Seed classes and importances of their tags .
➢ 2A. Seed production and its cost of field/ horticultural crops.
2B.Collection of germplasm (wild species, landraces ,local varieties etc)

Collection of germplasm

➢ The variety used for cultivation is TAU-1, and its yield is 8 qtls/0.8ha .the total income is Rs56,000/- and
its B.C Ratio is 2.8 respectively.
➢ The collection of germplasm includes both horticultural and agronomical crops of different varieties
 Seed treatment of major crop

• OBJECTIVES:
1. To give the importance of control soil born
diseases by seed treatment.
2. To enhance the Seed Germination. Material Rhizobium

Rubbing of rhizobium with Final seeds

seed
 PLANT PROTECTION INTERVENTIONS
AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

• SCHEDULES :
➢ 1A. General position of insect pests in a village and pests situation in host farmers field.
➢ 1B. Insect pest management on Host farmer‘s field .
➢ 2. Monitoring for incidence and determining extent of damage and
Integrated pests management (IPM) of major crops of host farmer .
• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Demonstration on preparation and application of 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE).
➢ Demonstration on preparation of spray solution and spraying in the field .
➢ Demonstration or Group Discussion on Apiculture.
Monitoring for incidence and determining extent of damage integrated pest management of major
crops of host farmer

➢ The average population of sucking pests , foliage pests , borer pests , i.e, Aphids , Jassids ,Armyweevil, is 1-2
%,2%,1.2-1.5 %,0.4 -1.5% respectively
➢ Foliar spraying of NSKE 5%,chloropyriphos 20 EC 2.0 L/ha
➢ ITK practices adopted by villagers is yellow stiky traps .
 Demonstration on preparation and application of 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract
(NSKE)

OBJECTIVES :
➢ To aware and motivate farmers about
preparation and use of neem seed
kernel extract 5% .
➢ To reduce the use of chemical pesticides Collection of neem materials Crushing of neem seeds
because they retain their residue for seeds
longer time .

Preparing the solution solution

 Demonstration or Group Discussion on Apiculture.

Objectives:
1.To provide information to farmers about
apiculture.
2.To describe the importance of various products of
bee.
3.To increase the knowledge of farmers about bees.
 PLANT PROTECTION INTERVENTIONS
PATHOLOGY

• SCHEDULES :
➢ 1A. General position of plant diseases in a village and disease situation in a host farmers
field.
➢ 1B. Plant disease management on Host farmer‘s field (IDM of one major crop)
(One management).
• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Demonstration on seed treatment (Chemical and Biological) for major crops of host
farmer.
➢ Demonstration on preparation and use of Bordeaux mixture / Bordeaux paste.
1A. General position of plant diseases in a village and disease situation in a host farmers field
1B. Plant disease management on Host farmer‘s field (IDM of one major crop) (One management).

➢ Anthracnose effects 18% of disease incidence and variety used is TAU-1.

➢ Plant protection measusres of blackgram is spraying of mancozeb (0.1%)
and copper oxychloride @3gm/lit of water
 Demonstration on preparation and use of Bordeaux mixture / paste

INTRODUCTION :
➢ In the year 1761, Schulthez first used the
copper sulphate for the seed treatment of
Wheat diseases.
➢ Later on Prevost termed the copper as
fungicide.
➢ In 1882, Millardet in France (Bordeaux
University) accidentally observed the
efficacy of the copper sulphate against the
downy mildew of grapes caused by
Plasmopara viticola.
➢ When copper sulphate was mixed with lime
suspension, it effectively checked the
disease incidence.
➢ The mixture of copper sulphate and lime
was named as “Bouillie Bordelaise”
(Bordeaux Mixture).
 Seed treatment of major crop

• OBJECTIVES:
1. To give the importance of control soil born
diseases by seed treatment.
2. To enhance the Seed Germination.

Material Rhizobium

Rubbing of rhizobium with Final seeds

seed
 SOIL IMPROVEMENT INTERVENTIONS (SOIL SAMPLING & TESTING)

• SCHEDULES
➢ 1A. Plot wise soil study, Crop Yield, manures and fertilizers used and soil
testing report
➢ 1B. Recommendations based on soil report .
➢ 1C. Soil Profile Study .
➢ 2. Diagnosis of deficiency/toxicity symptoms of different nutrients and their
management .

• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Demonstration on collection of soil sample for soil testing.
➢ Demonstration on application of fertilizer to fruit crops .
 Demonstration on collection of soil sample for soil testing.

Objectives :
➢ To know the nutrient status in soil.
➢ Help to inform people about soil sample
collection and it's benefit.
 1A. Plot wise soil study, Crop Yield, manures and fertilizers used and soil testing report
1B. Recommendations based on soil report .

• Generally , the type of soil in Khedbhalwani is medium black soil having depth of 30 – 35 cm .
• The fertilizer applied for the previous crop is Urea , SSP, DAP.
• The purposed crop is black gram which is occupied in 0.40 ha .
• According to the soil test report , the pH of soil is 8.21 , which indicates that is best for most of the plants .
• It is suitable for most of crops fruits as well as vegetables .
 Demonstration on application of fertilizer to fruit crops .

OBJECTIVES :
1. To give information about recommended dose
time of application of fruit crops.

2. To demonstrate the To make easily available

nutrient to plant . materials Making ring around
tree using spade
3. To reduce the losses of fertilizers .

4. To fill the nutrient requirement of soil.

5. To increase productivity of soil.

6. To increase the production of fruit.

Applying the fertilizer in Covering the

ring type fertilizer with soil
 Fruit , vegetables and flower production interventions

• SCHEDULES :
➢ Documentation of daily operations of major horticultural crops .
➢ Documentation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices followed in
cultivation of major horticultural crops in the village .

• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Demonstration of budding and grafting techniques in horticultural crops .
➢ Demonstration on digging and filling of pits for horticultural crops .
 Documentation of daily operations of major horticultural crops .
Documentation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices followed in cultivation of
major horticultural crops in the village .

➢ The variety used for the cultivation of chilli is Phule Jyoti

➢ Its average yield is 50 qtl / acre .
➢ The total income is Rs 1,00,000 approx.
➢ The Net profit is of Rs 25,186.
➢ The BCRatio is 1.72. It means when a farmer spends 1rs he gets 1.72rs i.e he gets profit of 0.72rs.
 Demonstration on digging and filling of pits for horticultural crops .

OBJECTIVES:-

➢ The main purpose for this demonstration is to

guide the farmer regarding guava cultivation

➢ To provide information about digging and

filling of pit layer by layer for better yield of Digging the pit Measuring the pit Adding the dried
crop
Size-1*1 m leaves

Adding the compost Planting of guava

 Demonstration of budding and grafting techniques in horticultural crops .

OBJECTIVES :-

1.To know the information about grafting

techniques.
2.To demonstrate procedure and the
technology of soft wood grafting. Cutting a scion of materials
3.To transmit new technology of grafting.
4.To adapt varieties to diverse soil or healthy plant
climatic condition.

Insert the scion in rootstock

Cutting of wedge of
wedge and join using
2cm in rootstock
grafting paper
 FOOD PROCESSING AND STORAGE INTERVENTIONS

• SCHEDULES :
➢ Study of agro processing industry in village and vicinity and agro processing and
preservation undertaken by host farmer for domestic consumption .
➢ Documentation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices followed in food
processing, preservation and storage in the village .

• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Demonstration of value addition through oil extraction.
➢ Demonstration on value addition through dal making .
 Study of agro processing industry in village and vicinity and agro processing and preservation
undertaken by host farmer for domestic consumption .
Documentation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices followed in food processing,
preservation and storage in the village .

➢ The machine which are used for wheat grains processing are flour mill .Grinding machines are generally used for
processing of chilli.
➢ Neem leaves are added in wheat while storing for long period .
➢ The ITK practices adopted for storage of cereals and pulses generally includes storing of grains in mud bins or pots
which are eco friendly.
 Demonstration on value addition through dal making .

Objectives:-
➢ To give proper information value addition
through Dal making
➢ To Convert raw material into human
consumption.
 Demonstration of value addition through oil extraction.

• OBJECTIVES :

• To get information about extraction of oil

from groundnut.
• To make byproduct from groundnut kernels
as groundnut cake.
 ANIMAL PRODUCTION INTERVENTION

• SCHEDULES :
➢ 1A. Documentation of daily, monthly maintenance and management of animals .
➢ 1B.Production, utilization and marketing of animal products and by products .
➢ 2. Documentation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices followed in care and
management of livestock in the village .

• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Demonstration On Organisation Of Animal Vaccination And Deworming Campaign In The
Village.
➢ Demonstration on fodder treatment .
 1A. Documentation of daily, monthly maintenance and management of animals .
1B.Production, utilization and marketing of animal products and by products .
2. Documentation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices followed in care and management
of livestock in the village .

➢ Therefore , the average feeding expenses is Rs13,795 for 10 weeks.

➢ From the above calculation , the annual
income from milk is Rs 22,920 for 10
weeks
➢ The annual income from manure is Rs
2,280 from 10 weeks.
➢ The net profit of farmer for 10 weeks is
11,405 Rs.
➢ The other ITK practices followed by
farmer is powder of custard apple seeds is
made grinding and applied topically on
the worm infested wound .
 Demonstration on fodder treatment .

OBJECTIVES:

1.To give the detailed knowledge about the

soyabean straw treatment to the farmer. materials Add urea in water Add jaggery
2.To increase the voluntary consumption of poor
quality of roughages.

3.To increase the nutritive value of poor quality

roughages and improve organic matter in roughages

4. To increase the digestibility of organic matter in

roughages.
Stir the mixture Spread the mixture
5.To reduce the expences of feeding. Add salt on fodder
6.To reduce loss of straw as waste material and
changes into feed.

Mix the mixture Store the treated fodder

 Demonstration On Organisation Of Animal Vaccination And Deworming Campaign
In The Village.

• OBJECTIVES:

➢ To increase the immunization of the animal.

➢ To improve the health of animals.
➢ To increase the productivity of animals
 EXTENSION AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS

• SCHEDULES :
1. Survey on utilization of internet and Mobile applications by the Farmers for agricultural purpose .

• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Organization of group discussion on important need of villagers .
➢ Organization of social activities such tree plantation, blood donation etc.
1. Survey on utilization of internet and Mobile applications by the Farmers for agricultural purpose .

The average No. of farmers using internet/ Apps are 20 for getting information about agronomical crop
production , whereas for getting information about plant protection 10, 15farmers are using internet for
horticultural crops , 6 farmers are using for livestock management .
They are mainly facing internet and language problems while using apps .
 Organization of group discussion on important need of villagers .

• OBJECTIVE :

➢ To understand the village needs and host

farmer.

➢ Suggestions to overcome the problems of

villagers and host farmer
 Organization of social activities such tree plantation

• OBJECTIVES:

• To people and youth in village promote

towards agriculture development .

• To promote growth of plantation at

empty field and house surroundings.

• To educate the importance of trees in

environmental conditions.

• To make village greenery and fresh of

healthy environment .
 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS

• SCHEDULES :
➢ 1. Techno-socio economic survey of host farmer.
➢ 2 A. Record of daily operations (plot wise / crop wise) carried.

(including land development) and calculating cost of cultivation/ production.

➢ 2B. Cost of cultivation for all crops .
➢ 2C. Consolidated annual expenditure and receipt statement from animal Enterprises .
• DEMONSTRATIONS :
➢ Preparation of bank proposal for host farmer .
➢ Knowledge and utilization of apps in marketing of farm produce / processed products.
 1. Techno-socio economic survey of hostfarmer

➢ The name of head of the family is Mr.Salunkhe Mahesh and his age is 27years .
➢ The host farmer ‘s address is Khedbhalwani, ( Tq ) Pandharpur ( Dist ) Solapur .
The host famer’s family have four members i.e, Host farmer, Host farmers brother,
and brothers daughter .
➢ He has an total area of 2.0 ha which is under the cultivation of Bkack
gram,Chilli,Sugarcane and maize.
2 A & 2 B . Cost of cultivation for all crops
➢ The variety used for the cultivation of Chilli is Phule Jyoti, and the yield obtained is
50qt/0.4.
➢ The income from main yield is Rs 1,00,000 The total produce sold in market is 50
qtls .
➢ The net profit is Rs 25,186 The B:c ratio is 1:7
 2 C .Consolidated annual expenditure and receipt statement from animal
Enterprises

• The average feeding expenses is Rs13,795 for 10 weeks.

• From the above calculation , the annual income from
milk is Rs 22,920 for 10 weeks
• The income from manure is Rs 2,280 from 10 weeks.
• The net profit of farmer for 10 weeks is 11,405 Rs.
 Preparation of bank proposal for host farmer .

• OBJECTIVES:
• To encourage the farmers for purchase the
agricultural inputs
• To provide the safe place for investing assets
for primary society.
• To provide other banking facility for the Took the information Took the certificate from
member. about farm loan bank Manager
• To develop and provide excellent banking
facility for the people.
• To provide loan to the farmer.
• To ensure and provide government banking
scheme to the farmer.

Gave information about

farm loan to farmers
 Knowledge and utilization of apps in marketing of farm produce / processed
products.

• OBJECTIVES:

• To get farmers aware about various apps in

economic sector like Farmers-e-market,
AgriMarket, Agrowon, IFFCO Bazar, etc.

• For better utilization of improved technology

in agriculture economics.
 CONCLUSION

➢ The Village attachment programme provides a practical knowledge and oriented opportunity and
hands on experience in acquiring knowledge and skills .
➢ The real socio – economic situation of village and problems at field level known .