Background of the Study

•States the rationale of the study

•Explains briefly why the investigator
chose this study to work on
Rationale or the underlying principle
should answer the following questions:
•How did you arrive at that kind of
problem?
•Why do you like to investigate that kind of
problem where in fact there are hundreds
of problems out there?
Utilization of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi)
as an Alternative Source
of Ethanol
 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

The inevitable rise of the demand for foreign

petroleum products leads to dependency to it the
biggest contributor to the world community’s economic
depression. Although certain bills have been passed in
the senate to lower the crude oil’s price inflation rate,
very few are still able to pay to delay the consequences
the market has in store for the global community. One of
the petroleum products that can be utilized to generate
energy is the ethanol (Santos, et al., 2014).
 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

The inevitable rise of the demand for foreign

petroleum products leads to dependency to it the
biggest contributor to the world community’s economic
depression. Although certain bills have been passed in
the senate to lower the crude oil’s price inflation rate,
very few are still able to pay to delay the consequences
the market has in store for the global community. One
of the petroleum products that can be utilized to
generate energy is the ethanol (Santos, et al., 2014).
The Utilization of Chinese Moso Bamboo Shoots
(Phyllostachys edulis) as an Apoptosis Inducer
against Metastatic Cancer Cells
 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Human disease is a particular abnormal, pathological condition

that affects part or all of an organism. It is often interpreted as a
medical condition associated specific symptoms and signs. Factors
originally from external source such as infectious disease can be the
cause or internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases like
cancer. Cancer refers to a condition where the body’s cells begin to
grow and reproduce in an uncontrollable way. These cells can then
invade and destroy healthy tissue including organs. It sometimes
begins in one part of the body before spreading to the other parts.
Cancer is a common condition and a serious health problem. More than
one in three people will develop some form of cancer throughout life
(Dorland, 1956).
 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Human disease is a particular abnormal, pathological condition

that affects part or all of an organism. It is often interpreted as a
medical condition associated specific symptoms and signs. Factors
originally from external source such as infectious disease can be the
cause or internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases like
cancer. Cancer refers to a condition where the body’s cells begin to
grow and reproduce in an uncontrollable way. These cells can then
invade and destroy healthy tissue including organs. It sometimes
begins in one part of the body before spreading to the other parts.
Cancer is a common condition and a serious health problem. More
than one in three people will develop some form of cancer throughout
life (Dorland, 1956).
1. This section includes
the presentation of
concepts or ideas
viewed in a WIDER
PERSPECTIVE.
*It can be inferred
that it starts from
GENERAL to
SPECIFIC.
1. Immature Corn Shoots as an Alternative Cure
against Phytoplasma Disease
In Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

2. Comparative Study among Chico (Manilkana

zapota), Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum)
and Star Apple (Chrysophyllum cainito)
as a Component for an Anti-Bacterial
Film for Food Preservation
 3. Utilization of Seaweed Fertilizer
(Sargassum sp.) in Eradicating
Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas
oryzae) of Rice (Oryza sativa)

4. Brown Algae (Scytosiphon lomentaria)

as an Alternative Treatment to
Reduce Swine Stillbirth

5. Blue Plumbago (Plumbago auriculata Lam.)

Root Extract as an Anti-Filarial Agent
 6. Graphene as an Additive Component
To Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
in Mobile Phones

7. Sea Urchin (Tripneustus gratilla) for the

Increase of Growth and Development of
The 45-Day Chicken (Gallus gallus
Domesticus)

8. Binunga (Macaranga tanarius) Leaf Extract

as an Alternative Antioxidant in
Inhibiting Oxidative Stress in
Rice (Oryza sativa)
9. Bougainvillea (Bougainvilla spectabilis)
Leaves as an Alternative source of
Phytosterols in Preventing
Atherosclerosis

10. Wheatgrass as an Enhancing Agent

for the Cell Division of
Thrombocytes

11. Aloe Vera as Radiation Absorber

12. Security Droid Unit

 13. Utilization of Kelp as
Prevention for Milk Fever for
Cattle

14. Weather-Based Calendar

Scheduler
Utilization of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi)
as an Alternative Source
of Ethanol
 Years ago, speculations involving the demand for
crude oil becomes higher and its price soaring as well
motivated certain countries (i.e., Brazil, USA, and other
parts of Latin America) on taking action concerning
shielding their country against the global economy’s
infectious plight. In relation to this, the carbon footprint
past generations left the humankind reached its peak
within just 100 years, surpassing records way beyond
the human race’s timetable. At present, ethanol and
other related fuel alternatives have the potential to
lessen the adverse effects of carbon dioxide emissions
on the global climate (McConnell & Wright, 2011).
 Years ago, speculations involving the demand for
crude oil becomes higher and its price soaring as well
motivated certain countries (i.e., Brazil, USA, and other
parts of Latin America) on taking action concerning
shielding their country against the global economy’s
infectious plight. In relation to this, the carbon footprint
past generations left the humankind reached its peak
within just 100 years, surpassing records way beyond
the human race’s timetable. At present, ethanol and
other related fuel alternatives have the potential to
lessen the adverse effects of carbon dioxide emissions
on the global climate (McConnell & Wright, 2011).
The Utilization of Chinese Moso Bamboo Shoots
(Phyllostachys edulis) as an Apoptosis Inducer
against Metastatic Cancer Cells
 In previous years, researchers discovered the
oldest complete example of a human with metastatic
cancer. The tumors had developed in a 3,000-year-
old-skeleton in a tomb in Sudan. Scientists developed
greater understanding of the human body through
scientific method which later was used to study
disease during the past centuries. Autopsies relate the
patient’s illness to pathologic findings after death. This
laid the foundation for scientific oncology, the study of
cancer. In the modern times, There are millions of
new cancer cases that are reported worldwide
(Kelland, 2014).
 In previous years, researchers discovered the
oldest complete example of a human with metastatic
cancer. The tumors had developed in a 3,000-year-old-
skeleton in a tomb in Sudan. Scientists developed
greater understanding of the human body through
scientific method which later was used to study
disease during the past centuries. Autopsies relate the
patient’s illness to pathologic findings after death. This
laid the foundation for scientific oncology, the study of
cancer. In the modern times, There are millions of new
cancer cases that are reported worldwide (Kelland,
2014).
2. It gives the
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND of the
topic.
Utilization of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi)
as an Alternative Source
of Ethanol
 Ethanol is produced from biomass mostly via a
fermentation process using glucose derived from sugars
(sugar cane, sugar beet and molasses), starch (corn, wheat,
grains) or cellulose (forest products) as raw materials. In this
form, it is renewable (Biofuels of Australia, 2006). Sugars are
always present among fruits like mabolo. Mabolo is a tree
native in the Philippines that bears fruit throughout the whole
year. Despite its consumable properties, the fruit is oftentimes
backed away from due to its odor which appeals negatively to
some people. Aside from ornamental purposes, the fruit-
bearing trees consumable properties are not exactly
cultivated in the minds of city folks (Stuwart 2013; McKnight &
Koch, 2012; Monroe 2010).
 Ethanol is produced from biomass mostly via a
fermentation process using glucose derived from sugars (sugar
cane, sugar beet and molasses), starch (corn, wheat, grains)
or cellulose (forest products) as raw materials. In this form, it is
renewable (Biofuels of Australia, 2006). Sugars are always
present among fruits like mabolo. Mabolo is a tree native in the
Philippines that bears fruit throughout the whole year. Despite
its consumable properties, the fruit is oftentimes backed away
from due to its odor which appeals negatively to some people.
Aside from ornamental purposes, the fruit-bearing trees
consumable properties are not exactly cultivated in the minds
of city folks. (Stuwart 2013; McKnight & Koch, 2012; Monroe
2010).
The Utilization of Chinese Moso Bamboo Shoots
(Phyllostachys edulis) as an Apoptosis Inducer
against Metastatic Cancer Cells
 On the other hand, metastatic cancer is a cancer that has
spread from the part of the body where it started or the primary site or
to the other parts of the body. When cancer cells break away from a
tumor, it can travel to other areas of the body through the
bloodstream or the lymph system. Metastatic cancer has the same
name and the same type of cancer cells as the original or primary
cancer. For example a metastatic tumor is metastatic breast cancer
(Cancer Research UK, n.d.). Modern research shows that bamboo
shoots have medicinal benefits, from cancer prevention and weight
loss to improve appetite and digestion. Bamboo shoots do not contain
toxic substance and is a good source of fiber that keeps cholesterol
levels in check and plays a role kind preventing cancer. The main
nutrients of bamboo in bamboo shoots include protein, containing
between 1.49 g. and 4.04 g. per 100 g. of fresh bamboo shoots
(Lewell, 2015).
 On the other hand, metastatic cancer is a cancer that has spread
from the part of the body where it started or the primary site or to the
other parts of the body. When cancer cells break away from a tumor, it
can travel to other areas of the body through the bloodstream or the
lymph system. Metastatic cancer has the same name and the same
type of cancer cells as the original or primary cancer. For example a
metastatic tumor is metastatic breast cancer (Cancer Research UK,
n.d.). Modern research shows that bamboo shoots have medicinal
benefits, from cancer prevention and weight loss to improve appetite
and digestion. Bamboo shoots do not contain toxic substance and is a
good source of fiber that keeps cholesterol levels in check and plays a
role kind preventing cancer. The main nutrients of bamboo in bamboo
shoots include protein, containing between 1.49 g. and 4.04 g. per 100
g. of fresh bamboo shoots (Lewell, 2015).
3. This section gives
a BRIEF REVIEW of
information about
the VARIABLES.
Utilization of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi)
as an Alternative Source
of Ethanol
 Now that the demand on petroleum
products is high, the supply becomes less
and prices soar. Several countries took
action long before the speculations
became threats – by relying on their most
abundant crop, corn. The Philippines,
however, is succumbed by the crude’s
constantly rising price.
 Now that the demand on petroleum
products is high, the supply becomes
less and prices soar. Several countries
took action long before the speculations
became threats – by relying on their most
abundant crop, corn. The Philippines,
however, is succumbed by the crude’s
constantly rising price.
The Utilization of Chinese Moso Bamboo Shoots
(Phyllostachys edulis) as an Apoptosis Inducer
against Metastatic Cancer Cells
 American Cancer Society (2016), World Health
Organization (2016), Peel (2014) and Ma and Yu (2006)
emphasized that cancer is a major burden of disease
worldwide. Each year, tens of millions of people are diagnosed
with cancer around the world, and more than half of the
patients eventually die from it. In many countries, cancer ranks
the second most common cause of death following
cardiovascular diseases. With significant improvement in
treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer
has or will soon become the number one killer in many parts of
the world. As elderly people are most susceptible to cancer
and population aging continues in many countries, cancer will
remain a major health problem around the globe.
 American Cancer Society (2016), World Health
Organization (2016), Peel (2014) and Ma and Yu (2006)
emphasized that cancer is a major burden of disease
worldwide. Each year, tens of millions of people are diagnosed
with cancer around the world, and more than half of the
patients eventually die from it. In many countries, cancer ranks
the second most common cause of death following
cardiovascular diseases. With significant improvement in
treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer
has or will soon become the number one killer in many parts of
the world. As elderly people are most susceptible to cancer
and population aging continues in many countries, cancer will
remain a major health problem around the globe.
4. This section sets the
source of the EXISTING
PROBLEMS of the
study.
Utilization of Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi)
as an Alternative Source
of Ethanol
 That is why the researchers
thought of a source which is
naturally present in the
environment. This gave the
researchers motivation and ideas of
converting the fructose present in
mabolo into ethanol. Moreover, the
researchers thought of a source
 That is why the researchers
thought of a source which is
naturally present in the environment.
This gave the researchers
motivation and ideas of converting
the fructose present in mabolo into
ethanol. Moreover, the researchers
thought of a source
5. It expresses the
RESEARCHERS’
WILLINGNESS to
conduct the study.
The Utilization of Chinese Moso Bamboo Shoots
(Phyllostachys edulis) as an Apoptosis Inducer
against Metastatic Cancer Cells
 Based from the existing problem with regards to
cancer, it only indicates that there is a need to search
for alternative medicine that has the potential to
program apoptosis among cancer cells. The
researchers’ goal is to have an accurate and precise
cure against metastatic cancer cells by means of
natural medicines. The researchers set out to
evaluate the effectiveness of the study. Consequently,
metastasis still remains an open issue with only few
metastasis-inducing proteins experimentally validated
so far.
 Based from the existing problem with regards to
cancer, it only indicates that there is a need to search
for alternative medicine that has the potential to
program apoptosis among cancer cells. The
researchers’ goal is to have an accurate and precise
cure against metastatic cancer cells by means of
natural medicines. The researchers set out to
evaluate the effectiveness of the study. Consequently,
metastasis still remains an open issue with only few
metastasis-inducing proteins experimentally validated
so far.
 Based from the existing problem with regards to
cancer, it only indicates that there is a need to search
for alternative medicine that has the potential to
program apoptosis among cancer cells. The
researchers’ goal is to have an accurate and precise
cure against metastatic cancer cells by means of
natural medicines. The researchers set out to evaluate
the effectiveness of the study. Consequently,
metastasis still remains an open issue with only few
metastasis-inducing proteins experimentally validated
so far.
6. It introduces THE NEED
TO CONDUCT the study.