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Geometri Analitik Kel.05
Geometri Analitik Kel.05
Sudut Arah 𝑔 𝛼 , 𝛽 , 𝛾
∆OP2 P → Siku − siku di P2
OP2 Xp
cos α = =
OP OP
∆OP3 P → Siku − siku di P3
OP3 Yp
cos α = =
OP OP
∆OP4 P → Siku − siku di P4
OP4 Zp
cos α = =
OP OP
2 2
FOTO Xp Yp
cos 2 α + cos 2 β
+ cos 2 γ
= +
OP OP
2 2 2
Xp + Yp + Zp OP 2
= = =1
Op2 OP 2
●
● Misalkan:
● Bilangan Arah 𝑔 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
● maka 𝑎 ∶ 𝑏 ∶ 𝑐 = cos α : cos 𝛽 : cos 𝛾
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
●
cos α
= cos 𝛽 = cos 𝛾 = 𝜆
●
● Atau
cos α cos 𝛽 cos 𝛾
● = = =𝜆
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
●
● cos α = 𝑎 × 𝜆
● cos 𝛽 = b × 𝜆
● cos 𝛾 = 𝑐 × 𝜆
●
● cos2 α + cos2 β + cos2 γ = 1
● 𝑎2 𝜆2 + 𝑏2 𝜆2 + 𝑐 2 𝜆2 = 1
● 𝜆2 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 1
1
● 𝜆2 = 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2
1
● 𝜆=
± 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2
●
1 𝑎
● cos α = 𝑎 × =
± 𝑎2 +𝑏2+𝑐 2 ± 𝑎2 +𝑏2+𝑐 2
1 𝑏
● cos 𝛽 = 𝑏 × =
± 𝑎2 +𝑏2+𝑐 2 ± 𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
1 𝑐
● cos 𝛾 = 𝑐 × =
± 𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 ± 𝑎2 +𝑏2+𝑐2
●
● Misal:
● 𝑙: Bilangan Arah 1,2,3
● Jawab
1 1 1 1
● cos α = 2 2 2
=± =± = ± 14 14
± 1 +2 +3 1+4+9 14
1
● α = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos ± 14
14
2 2 2 2 1
● cos 𝛽 = = = =± 14 = ± 14
± 12 +22 +32 ± 1+4+9 ± 14 14 7
1
● α = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos ± 14
7
3 3 3 3
● cos 𝛾 = =± =± = ± 14 14
± 12+22 +32 1+4+9 14
3
● α = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos ± 14 14
1 1 3
● Sehingga, Sudut Arahnya adalah ± 14 14 , ± 7 14, ± 14 14
B. SUDUT ANTARA 2 GARIS DI R3
Sudut arah g1 = [ 𝛼1 , 𝛽1 , 𝛾1 ]
Sudut arah g2 = [𝛼2 , 𝛽2 , 𝛾2 ]
OQ = OP. cos 𝜃
𝑂𝐾
Proyeksi garis patah OP2P1P ke – g → cos 𝛼2 = 𝑂𝑃 → 𝑂𝐾 = 𝑂𝑃2 . cos 𝛼2
2
𝑂𝐿
→ cos 𝛽2 = 𝑂𝑃 → 𝑂𝐿 = 𝑂𝑃3 − cos 𝛽2
3
𝑂𝑀
→ cos 𝛾2 = → 𝑂𝑀 = 𝑂𝑃4 − cos 𝛾2
𝑂𝑃4
OQ = OK + OL + OM
𝑋𝑃
= 𝑂𝑃2 cos 𝛼2 + 𝑂𝑃3 cos 𝛽2 + 𝑂𝑃4 cos 𝛾2 Cos 𝛼 =
𝑂𝑃
= 𝑋𝑃 cos 𝛼2 + 𝑌𝑃 cos 𝛽2 + 𝑍𝑃 cos 𝛾2 𝑋𝑃 = 𝑂𝑃. cos 𝛼
OP.cos 𝜃 = 𝑂𝑃[cos 𝛼1 . cos 𝛼2 + cos 𝛽1 . cos 𝛽2 + cos 𝛾1 . cos 𝛾2 ]
cos 𝜃 = cos 𝛼1 . cos 𝛼2 + cos 𝛽1 . cos 𝛽2 + cos 𝛾1 . cos 𝛾2
𝑔1 =
𝑔2 = [𝑎2 , 𝑎𝑏12, 𝑏, 1𝑐, 2𝑐1]
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑏1 𝑏2
cos 𝜃 = . + .
± 𝑎12 + 𝑏12 + 𝑐1 2 ± 𝑎2 2 + 𝑏22 + 𝑐2 2 ± 𝑎1 2 + 𝑏12 + 𝑐1 2 ± 𝑎2 2 + 𝑏2 2 + 𝑐2 2
𝑐1 𝑐2
+ .
± 𝑎1 2 + 𝑏1 2 + 𝑐1 2 ± 𝑎2 2 + 𝑏2 2 + 𝑐2 2
𝑎1 . 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 . 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 . 𝑐2
cos 𝜃 =
± 𝑎1 2 + 𝑏1 2 + 𝑐1 2 . 𝑎2 2 + 𝑏2 2 + 𝑐2 2
Kemungkinan :
𝑔1 ⊥ 𝑔2 → 𝜃 = 90° → cos 𝜃 = 0
𝑎1 .𝑎2 +𝑏1 .𝑏2 +𝑐1 .𝑐2
0=
± 𝑎1 2 +𝑏1 2 +𝑐1 2 . 𝑎2 2 +𝑏2 2 +𝑐2 2
0 = 𝑎1 . 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 . 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 . 𝑐2
𝑔1 ∥ 𝑔2 → 𝛼1 = 𝛼2 → cos 𝛼1 = cos 𝛼2
𝑎1 .𝑎2 +𝑏1 .𝑏2 +𝑐1 .𝑐2
=
± 𝑎1 2 +𝑏1 2 +𝑐1 2 . 𝑎2 2 +𝑏2 2 +𝑐2 2
𝑎 ± 𝑎1 2 +𝑏1 2 +𝑐1 2
= 𝑏1 =
1
± 𝑎2 2 +𝑏2 2 +𝑐2 2
𝛽1 = 𝛽2 → cos 𝛽1 = cos 𝛽2
2 2 2
𝑏1 ± 𝑎1 + 𝑏1 + 𝑐1
=
𝑏2
± 𝑎2 2 + 𝑏22 + 𝑐2 2
𝑑𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑦𝑎 𝑗𝑖𝑘𝑎 𝑔1 𝑖𝑡𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑔2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
∴ = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
C. BIDANG DATAR DI R3
Adib = Ax + by + cz + d = 0
Misalkan kita mempunyai satu bidang pers. Yang ini
M € V → M → AxM +ByM +CzM + D = 0
N € V → M → AxN +ByN +CzN + D = 0
Misal titik T ada di antara M dan N
+1 +1 +
𝜆𝑥𝑁 + 𝑥𝑀 𝜆𝑦𝑁 + 𝑦𝑀 𝜆𝑧𝑁 + 𝑧𝑀
𝐴𝑥 𝑇 + 𝐵𝑦𝑇 + 𝐶𝑧𝑇 + 𝐷 = 𝐴 +𝐵 +𝐶 +𝐷
𝜆+1 𝜆+1 𝜆+1
𝐴𝜆𝑥𝑁+𝐴𝑥𝑀+𝐵𝜆𝑦𝑁+𝐵𝑦𝑀+𝐶𝜆𝑧𝑁+𝐶𝑧𝑀+𝐷(𝜆+1)
= 𝜆+1
𝐴𝜆𝑥𝑁+𝐵𝜆𝑦𝑁+𝐶𝜆𝑧𝑁+𝐴𝑥𝑀+𝐵𝑦𝑀+𝐶𝑧𝑀+𝐷
= 𝜆+1
𝜆(𝐴𝑥𝑁+𝐵𝑦𝑁+𝐶𝑧𝑁+𝐷)+(𝐴𝑥𝑀+𝐵𝑦𝑀+𝐶𝑧𝑀+𝐷)
= 𝜆+1
𝜆 0 +0
= 𝜆+1
=0
𝜆 0 +0
AxT + ByT + CZT + D = 0 ( T € V ) = 𝜆+1