Bones of Lower Limb

Parts of the lower limb

• Pelvic girdle
• Thigh
• Leg
• Foot
THE SKELETON of the PELVIC GIRDLE

HIP
BONES
(L: coxae)

Symphysis
pubis
(pubic
symphysis)
FOOT

Tarsal bones

Metatarsal bones

Phalanges
 HIP
BONE
[COXAE]

joined by hyaline cartilage

incompletly ossified
2/5
1/5
2/5

between 14 & 16 years of age

 ILIUM

WING
(ALA)

BODY
Iliac fossa
 Posterior to the iliac fossa: Sacropelvic
surface

Sacropelvic
surface

iliac tuberosity

Auricular surface
 ILIUM

Iliac crest

L3-L4/L4
Ant sup iliac Lumbar
spine punction

Ant inf iliac spine

 Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
• Sartorius M
• Inguinal lig
• Tensor fascia latae
ILIUM

Post sup
iliac
spine

Post inf iliac

spine
Greater sciatic
notch
 clinical importance of the posterior
superior iliac spine
• S2
• sacrotuberous lig
• bone marrow biopsy
lateral (gluteal) surface of the ilium

Ant gluteal
line

Inf gluteal line

Post gluteal
line
 ischium

BODY

ramus of ischium
 ischium

ischial
tuberosity ischial spine

lesser
sciatic
notch
 The structures passing through the
greater sciatic foramen
• piriformis muscle
• sup gluteal n.a. v
• inf gluteal n.a.v
• sciatic n.
• posterior femoral cutan
n.
• pudental n.
• internal pudental a.v.
 Lesser sciatic foramen

• gluteal region –
perineum
– pudental n.
– internal pudental a.v
– tendon of obturator
internus
 pubis

sup
pubic
ramus

BODY

Inf pubic ramus

 Anatomical relations of the
superior ramus & inferior ramus
• pectineus
muscle
• Adductor
magnus
muscle
Pectineus muscle
 pubis

pubic
symphysis

Symphysial
surface
Ischiopubic ramus
 pubis

Arcuat line

Pectineal line
(Pecten pubis)

Pubic
tubercle
Pubic
crest
PELVIC BRIM

Lesser pelvis
(true pelvic cavity)

Greater pelvis
(False pelvic cavity)
ACETABULUM

Lunate surface

Acetabular fossa

Acetabular
notch
OBTURATOR FORAMEN

Obturator groove
Obturator canal
Avulsion fractures of the hip bone
• During sports
Pelvic Fractures
FEMUR
FEMUR
• second bone that starts
ossification
 FEMUR
NECK HEAD
Greater
Greater Trochan
trochanter ter

Lesser
trochenter

ANT POST
FEMUR

HEAD

Fovea for ligament of head

Head of the FEMUR

Fovea for ligament of head

FEMUR

126

BODY
 FEMUR
Trochanteric fossa
Greater trochanter
abductors &
rotators of
thigh

Lesser trochanter

POST Surface
The FEMUR
intertrochanteric
crest

POST SURFACE
 FEMUR
intertrochanteric
line

ANT SURFACE
 FEMUR
ANT SURFACE POST SURFACE

Gluteal tuberosity
Pectineal line
Lateral lip
Medial
lip
Linea aspera

Adductors
Of thigh
 FEMUR
POST SURFACE
ANT SURFACE

Medial
Supracondylar lateral
line Supracondylar
line

Popliteal surface
 FEMUR

Medial epicondyle

Lat epicondyle Adductor

tubercle
Lat
epicondyle

Intercondylar fossa
Patellar surface
 Femoral Fractures
• It becomes increasingly vulnerable
• Fractures of the proximal femur occur at
several locations: transcervical (neck) and
intertrochanteric.(stumbling or stepping down
hard.
• Intracapsular fractures: occurring within the
hip joint capsule
 PATELLA
Base of patella

Articular
surface

apex

ANT SURFACE POST SURFACE

Head
 TIBIA
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle

ANT SURFACE POST SURFACE

 TIBIA
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle

ANT SURFACE POST SURFACE

GERDY TUBERCLE
 Superior surface of the proximal end of the
TİBİA
intercondylar
eminence
Medial and
lateral
condylar
tubercle

Ant intercondylar area

Post intercondylar area

 TIBIA
Tibial tuberosity Articular
surface

Nutrient
foramen

ANT POST

LAT
 TIBIA
POST Lat condyle

Soleal line

Fibular notch

Medial
malleolus
Art surface
 FIBULA
POST
APEX

HEAD

NECK

interosseous
border

lateral
malleolus

Malleolar articular
surface
Fracture of lateral malleolus
Fractures of Lateral & Medial Malleoli
 Medial
Malleol

Lateral Malleol
 foot
• 7 tarsal bones
[Talus, calcaneous,
navicular, cuboid,
three cuneiform]
• 5 metatarsal
• 14 phalanges
 FOOT

Cuboid
Navicular
1 2
3
Calcaneus
PLANTAR
SURFACE TALUS

DORSAL
SURFACE

Heel of the foot

 Bones of the foot
• Talus: articulates with the leg
bones
-calcaneus-naviculare
– the most superior
bone
– key bone of the arch
of foot
– muscles do not
attach talus
 TALUS
Sup surface of the Talus inf surface

Trochlea tali
 Bones of the foot
• Calcaneus: largest of tarsal bones
 heel bone
 first bone
in the foot that
starts ossification
 only short
bone which
ossified from the
secondary
ossification center
 only tarsal bone
which contacts the
ground
 art with the talus
& cuboid
CALCANEUS

Sustentaculum tali

shelf like projection

from the superior
border of the medial
surface of the
calcaneus. support
the talus