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TASK II
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INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES

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6/30/2020

MAIDA

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Input & Output Devices

Name: Maida
Section: D1
Roll. No: 1116-bh-geog-19

INPUT DEVICES
Definition:
“Any source of data or instructions given to the system (i.e., computer) is known as input.”
Input device is a hardware component itself. They take instructions from the users source and convert it into a
language i.e., binary language which is understandable by the system.
There are two ways to enter data into the computer:
• Direct Input
• Indirect Input

Direct Input:
“The method in which data is given directly to the system from a source”
For Example, entering voice into the system through microphones.
Scanning devices, microphones and digital cameras are example of Direct Input Devices.
They are also known as ‘Source Input Devices’ as a source is needed to enter data into the system.

Indirect Input:
“The information given to the system with some intermediate handling”
For Example, information given to the system via keyboard or mouse.

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Input & Output Devices

INPUT DEVICES

KEY BOARD
MOUSE
TRACK BALL
POINTING STICK
TOUCH PAD
TOUCH SCREEN
LIGHT PEN
DIGITALIZER
JOYSTICK
PEN BASED SYSTEM
BARCODE READER
GRAPHIC TABLET

Keyboard:
“A keyboard is a device which contains keys that are used to enter data
or instructions into the system.”
A standard keyboard contains 100 keys. A keyboard contains numeric,
alphabetic function and special purpose keys.
A standard keyboard is also known as QWERTY KEYBOARD.

MOUSE:
“Mouse is a lightweight and small in size input device.”
A mouse is moved on a flat surface to control the cursor or the pointer.
Mouse is attached to computer by a cable or either wireless connection.
It’s very easy to use. It usually has two or three buttons. Buttons are used to perform
different tasks.
And also contains a scroll button to scroll through long documents.

Traditional mouse has a small ball at the bottom.

The movement of cursor depends upon the movement of the ball.

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Track Ball:
“A trackball is an alternative to mouse.”
Track ball and mouse have similar buttons.
A large rotating ball is on its top. The body of the trackball doesn’t move. The
cursor on the screen is controlled by the ball’s rotation. It takes less space. Its
often included in the laptop computers.

Touch Pad:
“It’s a input device. It’s a flat surface, small in size over which the user moves his
finger.”
The movement of fingers controls the cursor on the screen. Its an alternate to
the mouse. It’s also known as a ‘Track Pad’. A touch pad had more than one
buttons near it. These buttons work like the mouse buttons. They are commonly
used with notebook computers.

Touch screen:
“A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device on which user can
touch different parts of the screen with finger or stylus to input data
and issue commands”.
Modern touch screens are multi-touch and can recognize input data or
information and issue commands. Users can use their two fingers at a
time. Also to enlarge and rotate image or object on the screen. They
are commonly used in mobile devices. They are also working now a day
in ATMs. They are helpful and popular among people because user can interact with the computer easily without
an external input device.

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Input & Output Devices

tablet

smart Touch
Laptop
phones Screen

desktop

Pointing Stick:
“A pointing stick is a pressure-sensitive device.”
It is similar to a pencil eraser and exists between keys on the keyboard.
When we push the pointing stick the pointer on screen moves. It requires
no additional space or cleaning like the mouse. Commonly a pointing
device is used with notebook computer.

Graphic Tablet:
“It consists of a flat pad connected to a stylus or a puck by the wire”.
‘Stylus’ is a pen-like which is used to create sketches and images. A ‘Puck’ is
specially used to trace a drawing and store it in the computer in digital form.

Digitizer:
“A digitizer is a machine that converts an analog object, image or signal into a
digital (i.e., computer-readable) format”.
Digitizer enables a user to hand-draw images, animations and graphics.

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Light Pen:
A light pen is a hand held pointing device. Its shape is like a pen. It is
connected with by a wire to the computer. The pen sends information
to the computer. The pen is used to send information to the computer
when user touches the pen on specific areas of a specifically designed
screen. It is an input device usually used by engineers and graphic
designers.

Joystick:
“A joystick is an input device which consists of a base and a stick”. The stick can be
moved in any direction to move an object which can be any sketch or an image around
the computer screen. It can perform functions similar to mouse and track ball. But
often considered less comfortable and less efficient. The most common use of a
joystick is for playing computer games.

Pen-Based System:
“A Pen-Based System is a device which is used to enter handwritten
comments and marks in computer using pen-like device”.
The ‘Stylus’ is the input device used to enter the handwriting in the computer.
The user writes the symbols and words on the screen. The Pen-Based System
actually uses handwriting recognition software which translates handwriting
into binary language which is understandable by the computer. Many of the
hand held systems have pen inputs. They are usually used to input signatures
or messages that are stored as images.

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Microphones:
“A microphone is a device which input human sound into the system after converting or
digitalizing it into binary language”.
The microphone is most commonly used device which is used to input voice/sound into the
computer system.

OUTPUT DEVICES

Definition:
The data that has been processed into useful information is called as output”.
The output devices are hardware components itself. They take instructions from the computer in the form of
binary data and present the results in the form of language which is understandable by the user (i.e., human
language).
There are two types of output:
• Soft Copy Output
• Hard Copy Output

Soft Copy Output:

“The output which is presented or displayed on the screen is called as soft copy output”.
The soft copy output is in electronic form. It is intangible (i.e., user can not touch such type of output). It is very
easy to modify. It can be stored in the systems memory or in storage devices such as USBs, CDs DVDs, an many
more. It is cheap as one can make hundreds of duplicate copies without any cost.

Hard Copy Output:

“The hard copy output is in printed form”.
It is printed on the paper. The user faces difficulty to modify a hard copy output. It is tangible (i.e., the user can
touch it). It is costly as its duplicate copies are produced with cost as they are in printed form.

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Output devices

MONITOR
VODEO DISPLAY ADAPTER
PRINTERS
PLOTERS
SPEAKERS
HEADPHONES
HEADSETS
PROJECTOR
LCD PROJECTION PANNELS
VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT
FILM RECORDER
COMPUTER OUTPUT MICROFILM

Monitor:
“Monitor is used to display the result of the processing on the screen to the user”.
A monitor is also known as the display unit. The output of the processing is in the
form of images, text, numeric digits, audio or video, etc.
There are different types of display unit:
• CRT
• FLAT PANNEL DISPLAY

CRT:
CRT monitors are cheap. They take more space because of their size. They consume more electricity. The
technology used in CRT monitors is Picture Tube Technology. They are heavy. They are used as personal
computers. As they are old and not developed human friendly so they emit harmful radiations which are
dangerous for humans.

Flat Panel Display:

Flat panel display nits are costly. They are built using modern technology such as Liquid Crystal Technology.
They take more space. They consume more electricity. They are light in weight. They are used for NOTEBOOK
computers, cell phones and PCs. They are user friendly as they don’t emit harmful radiations.

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Printers:
“A printer is an output device that prints the result of the processing on a paper”.
A printer prints the output in the form of hard copy. This output can be in the form of
characters, text, symbols or graphics. The print resolution of the printer is commonly
measured in ‘dots per inch (dpi)’.
Printers are categorized as:
• Impact Printers
• Non-Impact Printers

PRINTER

IMPACT NON-IMPACT
PRINTERS PRINTERS

DOT MATRIX INK-JET

Impact Printers (Dot Matrix Printers):

It prints the output on the paper by hitting the print wheel against the inked ribbon. Its working is
slow. It prints the output in a low quality. Continuous paper sheets are used in impact printers. Its
working is very noisy. Ink ribbon is used for printing the output on paper. It is cheap. Dot Matrix is
the well known example of Impact Printers.

Non-Impact Printers (Ink-Jet Printers):

It prints the output on the paper without hitting the paper. Its working is faster
than impact printers. Its quality of printing is excellent. It prints the sheets
individually one after another. It don’t make any kind of noise while the process of
printing. A toner or cartridge is used for printing purpose of the output. They are
very costly. Ink-Jet Printers are well known example of Non-Impact Printers.

Video Display Adapter (VDA):

“A video display adapter is a device which must e attached to the computer or system in order
to present the graphics on the screen”.

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It is commonly known as the Video Graphic Card. It looks like a circuit board. It is used to determine the resolution
of the screen. Also to used ‘bit depths’. Total number of colors used in the graphic. The speed of image displaying
on the screen.
Types of Video Display Adapter:
• VGA
• SVGA
• XGA

Plotter:
“A plotter is used to present high quality output in the form of graphics in variety of
colors”.
Plotters are used to print large flex, posters, banners, maps on large scales and
drawings for engineering use.
There are two types of plotters:
• Flatbed Plotters
• Drum Plotters

Flatbed Plotter:
“A flat bed plotter use pens to draw the output”.
Software instructions in the plotter instruct to move the pen on the flat surface. The pen then starts
moving and creates the image on the paper. There are different pens in a flatbed plotter.

Drum Plotter:
“A rotating drum on which pens are mounted that moves left to right with the rotation of
drum to draw the output is known as a drum plotter”.
The drum plotter is able to draw very long images but the width depends on the width of the
drum.

Speaker:
“A speaker is the most common device which represents the output in the form of
audio”.
The soundcard is attached or connected to the system and provides the output in the
form of audio for video clips and different applications. Some speakers are already
built inside the display units.

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Headphone:
“Headphone is an alternative to speakers”.
They are also used to display output in the form of audio but the other person except of the
user can’t here it. They are used in public library, public spots where cannot disturb its
surroundings.

Headset:
“Built in microphones with a headphone is called headset”.
It is commonly used while participating in an internet conversation.

Projector:
“A projector is an optical device which is used to display output on a surface or projecting
screen”.
Output image is created on the screen when the light emits from the small transparent lens
on the projection screen. New technology projectors present output image with laser on the
projecting screen.

Projection Panel:
“A projector is a device which works with an overhead
projector”.
A translucent LCD and a fan to keep it cool are a part of Projection Panel. They
produce images with high output resolutions. They display output on a flat surface.
The output maybe in the form of video, image or audio.

Visual Display Unit:

“It is similar to a monitor which presents the output on the display screen either in the form of
image or video”.
It displays the output which the computing device allows for input by a user. It basically
displays input signals as characters on the screen. It is also known as
video display terminal (VDT).

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Film Recorder:
“The process of transferring images to photographic film from a video source is
done by using a film recorder”.
A film recorder is a graphical output device. For example, the IBM 740 CRT
Recorder.

Computer Output Microfilm:

“The process for transferring data from electronic media stored in the
system to 16mm microfilm or microfiche is known as computer output
microfilm”.
User is able to get output in printed form and also by scanning. It itself stores
images in very small size or by reducing its size greatly. Computer system can
present output or information directly to microfilm for long term storage so
it will be used when required.

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References
➢ IT Series
➢ Wikipedia.com

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