INPUT

AND
OUTPUT
DEVICES By: Shuchi Bhatia
BBA(B&I) 2nd Shift
 What are INPUT devices?

Input devices allow users to and other

applications to input data into the computer,
for processing. The data input to a computer
can be in the form of text, audio, video etc.
The data is entered by the user or with
minimal user intervention.
 Input devices

Human data entry devices Source data entry devices

Keyboard Speech recognition
Digital camera
Mouse
Scanner
Joystick
OCR
Digitalizing tablet
OMR
Light pen MICR
Touch screen Barcode reader
 KEYBOARD

Keyboard is a common input device. It is provided along with the computer,

and is easy to use. It is used for entering the text data. For inputting the data,
the user types the data using the keyboard. When the data is being typed, the
display monitor displays the typed data.
The design of a keyboard is similar to a standard typewriter. The modern
keyboards are QWERTY keyboard. Standard keyboard contains 101 keys
which are arranged in the same order as a typewriter.
When a key is pressed, keyboard interacts with a keyboard controller and
keyboard buffer. The keyboard controller stores the code of pressed key in
keyboard buffer and informs the computer software that an action has
happened on keyboard.
 MOUSE

It is the most common pointing device. The data is entered by pointing

the mouse to a location on the computer screen. The mouse may also
be used to position the cursor on screen, move an object by dragging,
or select an object by clicking.
Mouse is a small hand-held device having two or three buttons on its
upper side. In addition to the buttons, mouse also has a small wheel
between the buttons. This wheel is used for up and down movements.
 JOYSTICK

Joystick is a device which is commonly used for playing video games.

It is mainly used to control the speed of the cursor and is thus popular
in games involving speed like racing and flying games.
It is a stick with its base attached to a flexible rubber sheath inside a
plastic cover. The plastic cover contains the circuit that detects the
movement of stick and sends the information to the computer. The
position of the sick movement is given by the x and y coordinates of
the stick.
 DIGITALIZING TABLET

It is an input device used primarily to input drawings, sketches, etc.

Digitalizing tablet is used for computer aided design(CAD) for the
design of buildings, automotive designs, designing of maps etc.
It consists of two parts electronic tablet and pen.
It contains circuit that can detect the movement of pen on the tablet,
convert the movements into digital signals and send digital signal to
the computer.
 LIGHT PEN

It is a light sensitive pen like input device and is used to select

objects directly on the computer screen. It is used for making
drawings, graphics and for menu selection.
The pen contains a photocell in a small tube. When the pen is moved
on screen at the location of pen causes the photocell to respond. The
electric response is transmitted to the computer that can identify the
position on screen at which light pen is pointing.
 TOUCH SCREEN

A touchscreen is an input and output device normally layered on the top of

an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can
give input or control the information processing system through simple or 
multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus and/or one
or more fingers.[1] Some touchscreens use ordinary or specially coated gloves
to work while others may only work using a special stylus/pen. The user can
use the touchscreen to react to what is displayed and to control how it is
displayed; for example, zooming to increase the text size.
The touchscreen enables the user to interact directly with what is displayed,
rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or any other such device (other than a
stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens).
Touchscreens are common in devices such as game consoles, 
personal computers, tablet computers, electronic voting machines, point of
sale systems, and smartphones. They can also be attached to computers or,
as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role in the design of
digital appliances such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some 
 SPEECH RECOGONITION

Speech recognition (SR) is the inter-disciplinary sub-field of computational linguistics

 that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and 
translationof spoken language into text by computers. It is also known as "automatic
speech recognition" (ASR), "computer speech recognition", or just "speech to text"
(STT). It incorporates knowledge and research in the linguistics, computer science,
and electrical engineering fields.
Some SR systems use "training" (also called "enrollment") where an individual speaker
reads text or isolated vocabulary into the system. The system analyzes the person's
specific voice and uses it to fine-tune the recognition of that person's speech, resulting
in increased accuracy. Systems that do not use training are called "speaker
independent"[1]systems. Systems that use training are called "speaker dependent".
Speech recognition applications include voice user interfaces such as voice dialing (e.g.
"Call home"), call routing (e.g. "I would like to make a collect call"), domotic appliance
control, search (e.g. find a podcast where particular words were spoken), simple data
entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), preparation of structured documents (e.g. a
radiology report), speech-to-text processing (e.g., word processors or emails), and 
aircraft (usually termed Direct Voice Input).
 DIGITAL CAMERA

A digital camera or digicam is a camera that produces images that can be

stored in digital memory, displayed on a screen and printed on physical
media. Most cameras produced today are digital,[1] and digital cameras are
incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAsand mobile phones
 (called camera phones) to vehicles.
Digital and movie cameras share an optical system, typically using a lens with
a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device.[2] The
diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as
with film but the image pickup device is electronic rather than chemical.
However, unlike film cameras, digital cameras can display images on a screen
immediately after being recorded, and store and delete images from memory.
Many digital cameras can also record moving videos with sound. Some digital
cameras can crop and stitch pictures and perform other elementary 
image editing.
 SCANNER

In computing, an image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner,

although the term is ambiguous out of context (barcode scanner, CAT
scanner etc.)—is a device that optically scans images, printed text, 
handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image. Commonly
used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where
the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held
scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text
scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial design, reverse
engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other
applications. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document
are typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed design
would be impractical.
 OPTICAL SCANNER

A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and

translate the information into a form the computer can use. A scanner
works by digitizing an image -- dividing it into a grid of boxes and
representing each box with either a zero or a one, depending on
whether the box is filled in. (For color and gray scaling, the same
principle applies, but each box is then represented by up to 24 bits.)
The resulting matrix of bits, called a bit map, can then be stored in
a file, displayed on a screen, and manipulated by programs.
Optical scanners do not distinguish text from illustrations; they
represent all images as bit maps. Therefore, you cannot directly edit
text that has been scanned. To edit text read by an optical scanner,
you need an optical character recognition(OCR ) system to translate
the image into ASCII characters. Most optical scanners sold today
come with OCRpackages.
 OMR

Optical mark recognition (also called optical mark reading and OMR)

is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms
 such as surveys and tests.They are used to read
questionnaires,multiple choice examination paper in the form of lines
or shadded areas.
The use of OMR is not limited to schools or data collection agencies;
many businesses and health care agencies use OMR to streamline
their data input processes and reduce input error. OMR, OCR, and ICR
technologies all provide a means of data collection from paper forms.
OMR may also be done using an OMR (discrete read head) scanner or
an imaging scanner.
 MICR

MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large

number of cheques to be processed every day. The bank's code
number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special
type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are
machine readable.
This reading process is called Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(MICR). The main advantages of MICR is that it is fast and less error
prone.
 BARCODE READER

Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in
the form of light and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in
labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld
scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.
Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image, converts it into an
alphanumeric value, which is then fed to the computer that the
bar code reader is connected to.
What is OUTPUT device?

An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user.
Mostcomputer data output that is meant for humans is in the form of audio or video. Thus,
most output devices used by humans are in these categories. Examples include monitors,
projectors, speakers, headphones and printers.
OUTPUT DEVICES

HARD COPY DEVICES SOFT COPY DEVICES

 Printer  Monitor
 Plotter  Visual display terminal
 Audio response
 PRINTER

A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic outputfrom a

computer and transfers the information to paper, usually to standard
size sheets of paper. Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication, and
cost. In general, more expensive printers are used for higher-
resolution colorprinting.
A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the
electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates a 
hard copy of it. For example, if you created a report on your
computer you could print several copies to hand out at a staff
meeting. Printers are one of the most popular computer peripherals
and are commonly used to print text and photos. The picture to the
right is an example of an inkjet computer printer, the Lexmark Z605.
 PLOTTER

The plotter is a computer printer for printing vector graphics. In the past, plotters were used in

applications such as computer-aided design, though they have generally been replaced with wide-
format conventional printers. A plotter gives a hard copy of the output. It draws pictures on a paper
using a pen. Plotters are used to print designs of ships and machines, plans for buildings and so on.
Digitally controlled plotters evolved from earlier fully analog XY-writers used as output devices
for measurement instruments and analog computers.
Pen plotters print by moving a pen or other instrument across the surface of a piece of paper. This
means that plotters are vector graphics devices, rather than raster graphics as with other printers.
Pen plotters can draw complex line art, including text, but do so slowly because of the mechanical
movement of the pens. They are often incapable of efficiently creating a solid region of color, but
can hatch an area by drawing a number of close, regular lines.
Plotters offered the fastest way to efficiently produce very large drawings or color high-resolution
vector-based artwork when computer memory was very expensive and processor power was very
limited, and other types of printers had limited graphic output capabilities.
Pen plotters have essentially become obsolete, and have been replaced by large-format 
inkjet printers and LED toner based printers. Such devices may still understand vector languages
originally designed for plotter use, because in many uses, they offer a more efficient alternative to
raster data.
 MONITOR

The monitor is the piece of computer hardware that

displays the video and graphics information generated by
the computer through the video card.
Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually display
information at a much higher resolution. Also unlike
televisions, monitors are not usually mounted on a wall but
instead sit atop a desk.
VISUAL DISPPLAY TERMINAL

VDT (video display terminal, or sometimes visual display terminal) is a term used, especially
in ergonomic studies, for the computer display . A display is a computer output surface and
projecting mechanism that shows text and often graphic images to the computer user, using a
cathode ray tube ( CRT ), liquid crystal display ( LCD ), light-emitting diode, gas plasma, or
other image projection technology. The display is usually considered to include the screen or
projection surface and the device that produces the information on the screen. In some
computers, the display is packaged in a separate unit called a monitor 
AUDIO RESPONSE

A complete sound system consist of sound card, microphone, speaker and the appropriate
software.in addition to recording and playing the sound, the software allows editing of sound
like cutting, copying, amplification and creation of vibrant sound effects.
Audio output is commonly used for customer services in airline, banks, etc. it is also used in
video conferences, surveys etc. Audio response is used by visually impaired to read
information from the screen. For speech impaired people, audio response helps them to
communicate with other people.
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H AN K
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