ENGLISH

BALBHARATI
STANDARD FIVE
 Educa1i,:m01.p' onmcms' Sanction Number:
Pro-Shi-Soi 2014 -15/ H/ Longuage/Monjuri/ O•S05/ 727/ Oa1c- 2!.:?.2015

ENGLISH
BALBHARATI
ST ANDARD FIVE

t Muhoroshtro Stotc Bureau of T xtbook Production

--:,; ondCur riculum Research, Punc.
 •K'• Mohurosluro Stole Burcou or TcxlbClok Pr<1d uc1.tfo a und C u r r
Flrsl Edition 2015 h.-ul u1n Rcst-0rd1. Pune . !JI I 004.

The Mohoroshtro Slate Bure.au or Tex1book Production

and Curricul oin Reseo.rch reserve.s all ri ghrs rela1l ng ro
l11e book. No port or this book should be reproduced
wi thom the wr iuen permissio11 or 1he Director . t\fohora.slnr
o
Sta ie Bure.au of Textbook Pl'Oduction ood Curri culum
Rese a rch. •n a lbharot i•. Senopoti Bapot Marg. Pune 411004.

English La.nguagt Commlnee

Dr Rohlt Kowole English t ooguogc Poocl
Dr Aniket Jowore Or: Lo lita Vo!'tak
Dr I. P. Nodor Dr Prabho Som poth
Dr Shru1i ChoudhOf)'
SnH. Sa1n 011u0z 8.
ltoJli SnH. S111iLa Vijoy
Shr i. N iles h K edote
l n011rdor
Sn1L D hona vonti ffo rdikor Shri. Shridhar Madhulmrroo Nogo.rgoje
Shri. Suhonchoond Ho:-.Cln Shaikh
Dr R :j'u Gov indroo Muughati:
Cov('r ond lll ustro tioos: Dr Pro:sho n 1 K oshiooth Gowandl!'
Reshmo Bcsnte Shrl. Monohor Ililol Mali
Shrl. Ashok Chintornon Rou1
Shrl. C hoodtokon1 Devtoo Mobod
Co-ordinoiioo : Shrl. Nllesh Kondlba Thite
Dhonavooti Ua ,xliko.t Shrl. Pookoj Vosonuoo Potil
Acodemic Secremry for Languages Shrl. Sha,·od Noroy,rn Vosankot
S Olih)Sh J. Powal'
Shrl. l:Jo reo d ra Nogesh Oid kor
Subject Assistant.,. English
Shri. Rajes h r roko.s:hrao Khouwko.r
Shri. Gunowonl Vinholr oo Oorahote

Prodlfctlou :
Sachi:htiuooud Apholc.
Clu r Produ..:1iu11 Officer
Sad1iu r\l't:.hto.,
P, o <lu..:101 11 Oflicl.'1
N itin \'i/0Jl1.
P10Ju 1io11 ASSi S ld ll l
Pu blisbc-r :
Vi}e· k Unorn Go a
Typeseulog : vi
DTP Sec1iou (Languages) Co111rolltr.
Te xtbook Bun.au. Pu.tle. M ahOl'OShlrcl State
Prlnler : Te-x1bu )k llUreo u.
Pto bhode,\•i
Ml:-.. Sop Prin1 Solutions
P\11. Ltd•. Thone. M mOll lli • 00 025 .

Poptr : Print Order No.

70 GSM Crcomwove N/P B/20 15-16 /(1.00 1
 Preamble

WE, 1'Hl! J>EOP LE OF INDtA, having

solenrnly re olved to constitute Judia into a
SOVE REIGN SOCJAUST Sl!C(JLAR
, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to
all its citizens:
JUST ICE.social, economic and political ;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith
and worship;
EQUALITY of staru.s and of oppo, t unity;
and to promote among tllemall
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of
the individual a nd the unity and imegrity of the
Nation
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSl!MBlY this
twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do
HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT ANO GIVE TO
OURSELVES TMISCONSTIT\J1'10N.
■ ■
_J L

NATIONAL ANTHEM
I I
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayakaJaya he
Bharala-bhagya-vidhata,

Panjaba-Sindh u-Gujara ta-Nlariith a

D ravida - Utkala -Banga

Vindbya-Himacbala-Y.imuna-Ganga
uchchala-jaladhi-taranga

Tava subha name jage, tava subha iisisa miige,

gahe tava Jaya-gatha,

)ana-gana-man gala-dayaka jaya he

Bharata-bhagya-vidhata,

Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he,

Jaya jaya jaya, jaya
he.
7
r

■ ii
■
il
■ ■
_J L

PLEDGE
I I
India is my country. All Indians
ore my brothers and sisters.
I love my country, and I am
proud of its rich and varied
heritage. f shall always strive to be \
Vo1thy of it.
I shall give my parents, teachers
and all elders respect, and treat
everyone with courtesy.
To 1ny country and my people,
I pledge 1ny devotion. In their
\Ve ll-being and prosperity alone lies
my happiness.

7 r

■ iiil
■
 Preface
I

T heRight ofCbJldren to Frceond Com1>ulsor y E du coli on A ct 1 2009

andNo1ionol Curr iculum Framework 2005 ore two o(the nlOSI inlpOl'l<uH eve nts 1hcn
hove intluenc.ed the field of primary e.ducotio1l in the co\Jntry. In the Sta te of Moho tos
htro, 100 primary educo1io11c url'iculum wos tevis I 10 tetle c1 their gu idelines 01'(( e.·q >ec1o
t ions. We ore happy to place l11si Engli sh Bctlbhoroll for Standard Fi vehosed on "Pr i
mar y Educotlon
Curr icul um 2012' in your hands.

The RTEActet'nphos izc.s oll ro\lud de velop,nem oflhechild,as

alsole0n1in9through oc1ivities, discovery and explorat ion in o chil d -f r i endl y ondchild-
centred n1onner;mak ing the child fre.e or feor, trourno oud anxiety 011d helping the ch ild
10 exp1-ess views freely. We hovc. t,·ie.d 10 de sign our le-Xlboo ks so that these pri1lc-iple.s
become o pol'l or the teaching. learning pt'oce.ss.

longuoge ployso very impo 1101u ro le o i the level os other subjec ts. 100 , ote
prirnory
learnt through la n9 ua9c. Ac.hild Jeonls language from oil soutc.es • in schoo l. at home
and from his/he!' envitoo ment. T eod 1io9 a nd learning of laoguoges in school is designed
10 prnvide a series or groded octivi1ies in a suitob le e1wiro n01ent with o view lO
developing the chi ld's language s kills 01\d se11si bilities to Lhe ir full po1e1u ia l. The
curricu lum expec1s
a bala nced develo1unem of o.11 lhe fout skills of listening, spe.oking, re.oding 01i,d vritin g
in rh e prop er se q uence. The, e np has is in the initia l years is on develop i119 the ch ild' s
confidence and e.xpressio n.

T his textbook presents o omn ber or oc1ivitics io o pat1icula r seq uence whic h w ill
a llow the child to learn lo19l uo9 e ocr ivc.ly a nd in 011 enjo yable mouoer. Some
important su99es1io ns ho ve been given for teoe hcrs a nd in1etcsted J>Ot c nts to help dlcm
molivcneand gll idethechildrenwhile teaming English. Teochers shC1u l d hand l e the v ari
ous items given in this book within the rrame". 1ork provided by t1le ios-ltllctioos.

The Eogl ish Lon9 uo9 e Co mmittee and the artist Reshino Borvt hove mken great
poins to prepa re this textbook..IL ,vos reviewed by 1eachetS ond e.xpens ond their commeots
and suggest ions have helped u:,; to gi\'e i i a better shape. The BureClu is 9r a1efu l 10 oil of
them.
We hope lhot lhe textbook willreceiveo wanu welcotnt from students, parent:,; and
1eoche rs. Chmtro I . 1937

Punc
Ootc: 21Morch 2015
Gudh1Podwo
7
arch. Punc.

(C. IL Horkar)

Director
Mahorui>htro Stote
B
u
r
e
a
u
o
f
'
T
c
x
t
b
o
o
k

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

C
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m

R
e
s
e
For T ea che.rs and Parent$
This textbook will help the students 10 -
X Enjoy reodin9 Slo rie and poems.
,C T oke ocri vc. i1ne.res1 in gath ering infon n a tio1) an d presem jng it in on o.ntocti ve uta.nuer.
3C Leorn to t1se o dictio1io.ry or other refere1lCC boo ks.
X Enjoy writing imagi na tive ly simple shor1 de.sc riptions, stories ond poems.
)t Write shorL reports. notes ond essays.
X S hore i1ue.res1in9 Sto rie$, infotrna llo1l, pu22lcs , jo kes, e1c. with frie1lds and others.
3t Leorn to UiiC polite looguoge io speech 0 1l d writing.
3C L eorn 10 ,p •epo re and prese1 u sho l'l spe e.ch es w i th the h<.'lp or 1eoch ers fp ore nl$ .
X T he book c.ontains stories, poems, informati ve passages, a play and a number of
activities. All these items ore important. None of them should be ' dropped'.
X Toking into occouLu t.he Lime ovoi lablc and t.he general ability of her sn1de1su, the 1eocher
should empk>y d iftct ent meLhcxls and teclm ique$ for dealing wilh diO'erent i1eJ1K
X M on y of the e.xerci ses a.re open-ended. They do 001 hove j ust oue 1n odel on swe.r.
They hove been incl uded to oll ow the children to think cre.otively in the con text o f
their experie.nee.s, feel ing s, ideas ond world of i11109i 1lation. T he reacher should accepI
ond l!'ncourog e o var i e.ty of i111og i uoti ve answers in response to the1u . The pc,·souol
element in children's res-po 11ses should be volue<I.
C r ea te on atmosphere thot facilitates fonguoge learning -
3t I love foi1h in your students· abilities 1.0 think and 10 use
language. X Lei the inuden1s speok ond wtite o 101 on their owu.
DO NOT focus on grcmun oticol ,u fes. and sroden1s· em).r when they ore tryi ng h)
express the,n seh•es. You moy foel thoI your studenrs make 100 in o tl )' nl iSlok:es. The besI
solution to Lhi s is LO sl10,,1 Lhem h ow to conect thei,· own wol'k usi1gi dictionaries. and by
referrin g to similar con.n ruc1ions in the tex1book. If necessar y, hove separate fortnightly
or monthly ses..i o n s on ' Ho w to co n-ect yoU1' own work', but do1i•I let graom \or ond
errnr co,·rection gel hold of oil your te.aching.
The clossroom atro119ern ent s h o uld be s u ch t h at s tude 1us con eosi ly form poitS -OI'
grnups ond you c.oo easily 1nove in 1hc cl ossl'Ooin ro superv ise thei r wor k.
:.lt Pu1 up o bC>otd whe re s1u d en 1s cou di s.plo y the ir w,o ·k re 9ulor l y.
X Enc .ouroge sru d en ts 10 ci rcul ate i.Jiei r wr i t in g in 1he clas sroom.
n The atmosphere in the classroom should be fri e,,dty, i nspir ing c.onfideoce in EVERY
STU DENT. They shoul d know that their teocher values their effort more than thl' ir
mistake.s.
X Mult i -li nguoli sm is a strength. not o weakness. E1\coura9 e students to compare and
conuas1 Engli sh and othel' longunges.
IC PLEASE DO NOT PROVIDE READY-MADE OR ' TEACI IER-MADE' M ODEL
1\- NS\VERS. They hor1n more lhon 1hey help.
 ..,
CONTENTS
J
Unit One Page Unit T bree Page

I. Whal o Bird Thought I 17. On the \Voter 42, 43

2. Ooydrcomi. 2-4 18. Wee.ds irl the Gorde.n 44 -46

3. Be o. Good Listener 5,6 19. Be a Good lf oi.t ood (Jues1 47-50

4. S tra wber ries 7 20. Only Ono Mother 51

5. The T we lve Mo,uhs 8 - IJ 21. The Journey 10 the Great Oz 52-56

6. A1.1nounce.rnen1s 14, 15 22. A Book Review 57,

58
7. fojol' Dhyon Chand 16-18 23. Wtitc your own Poem 59

8. Peer Profile 19, 20 24. Se nses Alert 60.

61

Unit Two Page Unit Fou r Paye

9. The T rio1HiW0llll9o ngolo pt 21, 22 25. The M on ln the Moon 62

10. Three. Sacks of Rice 23 -25 26. Water in the Well

63, 64

11. Be o Good Speaker 26, 27 65- 67

27. The Le.gend of Morot11011
12. Co u,u yo ur Gorden 28 68-70
28. All about Money
13. The Advcnture.s of Gulli ver 29-32 71

14. A Lesson for All 33-37 29. A Lork 72 -74

15. Bird Both 38 30. Be a Ne1i2e,1 75, 76

16. Wtite your own Story 39-41 31. Give your t\+find a Wo 1·kou1! 77-79

80-82
32. I lelen Keller
83-88
33. Rongoli

Looguoge Srudy

..
@ ............ I. What a Bird Thought························" ··

J lived first in o Llule house,

And Uved there very welI ;
The world 10 me was small and round
And mode of pole-blue sheU.

lived next in o little. ncsL

Nor needed any other:
I thought u,c world was mode of straw.
And covered by my motlier.

One day I nuuered from the nest,

To sec whot I could !ind.
sa,id "The world is mode of lea ves;
I hove been very blind."

At los t J flew beyond the tree,

And sow the sky so blue;
No w, how the world is rea lly
made l cannot tell • con you?

( T hings 10 do : )

1. fi nd and list the rhyming \\Ord s fr om the poem.

2. Lcorn and rt".1;i t e t he poem.

3. Describe the.• fo lio ,, ing in on orh <ro lines.
* Tl1e first Uttle house of the bird. * The nest. * The world around the. bird's nest.
4. Jmogine ch<-' f'o1Jo win9ond write- o bou1 ooch in our o,, n '"ords :
• IVhat the world looks like 10 o boby. • What the world looks like 10 a fish.
Uni! 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................... . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · 0
........................................... 2. Do)1dreo1u s , •· ·•·····································
Once Lhere lived a co uple who
spe□l a lot of time in idle talk.
One doy, the husband sa id. "I hove
always wanted to kee p cows. If, by
chance, I get some extra money from
somewhere. I am gofog to buy a few
cows."
" But that means a lot of work.
You bove to feed the cows, walk them,
bathe them, milk them - cows need o
lot of looking al1cr. One cow would be
enough. There's no need to buy more
cows,"sa id 1.hc wife.
"But think of oll the milk we'll
get if we buy more," said the husband.
" That ' s true." The wife ag reed.
"There will be so much milk lhot we
coneven hove ple my ofdahi and
huller ond ghee. Wouldn' t it be lovely
l How luc ky lhot I have all tl,cse ea
rthen pols kept aside. I'II use one of
the pots for
milk, one for dohi, one for buuc r.
The ghec, I'll pul in anotl1cr jor.
And f'II use this rema ining pol to
. to
send milk
my siste r".
" Se nd milk to your s is ter! Who
said you could se nd milk lo your
sisrer!"
' 1' hcre will be plenty of milk,
if we have so many cows. \Vhy
sho uldn' t 1 send it to my sis ter?"
"Because we ore going lO s e ll it
in the market - that' s why. I will
decide what 10 do with a ll lhot milk.
And not o drop of it goes to your
sister, re.member!"
"1' II sec how you con stop me
from sending a pot full of milk to
my dear sister. I do oil tbe hard
work numing after Lhc cows so
naturally I w ill decide whm happens
to the milk. Just try stopping me 1"
the wife excla imed.
0 ······················.............................. Unll l

" Is that so!" shoutde the
husband. " \Vatch this, then!" He
began Lo li ft and smash the earthen
pots one by one. Hi s wire bcyan 10
scream.
Gopol Bhond, who was passing
by, beard all Lli e commotion and
rushc{] inside. \Vhcn he heard what
hod happened. he picked up o Stout
stick that stood in o corner and began
10 swish it 1.hrough the air and pourid
ii on the noor. The husband and wife
were both astounded 10 sec his antics.
" Wbo1 arc you doing?" Ll1ey
enq u i red.
"Move aside," said Gopol Bhand.
" I have LO drive away your greedy
cows. You hove let them wonder and
now they have ruined my field or
beans and cucumbers! Oh, my lovel y
field of beans and cucumbers!"
" But you don't hove a field of
beans and cucumbers!" said the
husband. As soon as be said that.
Gopal Bhond stopped w ielding
the
stick and looked 01 bim with raised
eyebrows. The husband and wife
1mderso1od what he was trying 10
tell Llrem. Can you telI what he
wanted
10 soy?

( Tltlngs lodo: )

I. Reod the follm\ ing \\.Ord s a lou d and copy Lh em in you r uore-hool, .
* idle * enough • exclaimed * commotion
* astounded * ontic-s * wonder • wielding

2. Answer the following questions.

(I) What did 1he husba nd want10 buy?
(2) Whal plansdid the wife make?
(3) \\lhatdid the husband wa11t10 do with the ex Ira milk?
(4) Whal did Gopol Bhand say he was doing ?
(5) Did Ga pal Bhand havea field ?
(6) \\1ha t did Gopo l Bhand want to 1ell 1he hus ba11d and wife?
(7) \Vhat is the difference between a 'dream· anda ·doydre.om"?
Uni! 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................... . . . . . . . . ················· 0.
3. .-\ criviries
( I) Fonn groups of thre.e and read lhe conversation in the story aloud.
(2) Write a bout your own daydream in short.

(3) Begin with a word and write as many other reJa ted wo rd ,; or ideas that occur to you
in Lh e form of a concept ch011 or co nce pl mop. Yo u con choose a word from those
given here or you may choose any other suitable word.
• school * home * food * medicine

C OC

school

.1. Group \\ ork

Discuss in groups of 5. the oc,oosions on which you can use ea ch of the fo11owing
ex press ions. List at least 3 occasions:each .
* That·s true ! • Wouldn't it be lovely ! * Just try stopping me t

S. Looguog• Scud cSoe pages 84•88.)

(I) A phrase. is o meaningful groupof words, for exa mple, ·one day·, ·some
extra money', ·a fewcows·, ·au the milk' .
From the s tory, find at least thre.e phrases eoch that begin witb or include each
of the on1'clcs •
• on * the.
(2) Choose •a' or ·on·correctly and fill in the blanks.
• ea rthen pot • ·--- cow * ···- JOf
*······s is ter
• stoUL s tick • lovely field • eyebrow
(3) \1/rite the plural forms of ll,e following.
* cow * pot * JOT • sister • market
* drop • stick * corner • field • cucumber

0 •• Uml I
........... .................. 3. Be o Good
' Listener • •······....... ....... ........... .

It is i mportant to be a ·good
listener' when you arc lea rning a • You can try 10 guess what Ll1e
language, or when you ore dealing s pea ke r will say next.
wirh other people. Are you a ·good
• Try to keep lis tening even when
listener'? You can lind it out wiLh
you feel L1l 0 1 you do not understand
the help of the follow ing questio ns. Lhe speaker, or even when
One. \1/hcn you arc lis tening to you disa gree with the speaker.
someone. do you look at L1l e personor Wait for the speoke r to finish
do you tum your head away or toy what he is sa ying. ·n,en you can
with something else ? get your dou bts clarified by asking
Good Iistencrs look at tbc speake r. polite questions.
T wo. Do you pay artc ntion 10 • Do feel shy or afraid 10 ask
1101
what the speaker is saying? questions if you do not understa nd
Good listeners pay close attention what is being said. Put your
to the speaker. questions to the speaker politely.
Three. Do you make any spt>eial • Sometimes, it helps 10 note down
e fforts to understa nd the speaker? importoat words or points even
Here ore some of L1l c t hings thot as you li Sl Cn.
will help you understa nd the spea ker
bcner : • Las tly, it also helps 10 keep
L1l ink in9 about what you beard.
• lf yc>u hear some new or unfamiliar You may gras p tbe meaning of a
words try to guess Lheir meaning difficult word or phrase later on.
fro m the context.

Please l:,ring me the Vase' means

vase t hat ha• pink rooeo. :
lt' o on the dinning ta le.
a l,ed of rooe• ]

, I'
a frock

U1111 I .................................................................................................................. ······················· 0

·
( Things 10 do : }

I. \\ ' rite the ch.orocteristics of o good listener.

2. Listen carc.•t'uU and guess how the sente.nc:c would end.

(I) Once there was a crow. He. wos very thirsty.

He wa net d································to dr in k ·············- ·····- ·.-

(2) There were dark clouds in the sky. Soon, it began to .
(3) This step is broken. Please be

(4) When the students saw the question poper, they were ···-·······.
(5) When the teoc.her re.ad the answer pa pers, she was

3. Liiilen co rr fullJ' and writt' O.U the words con erll).

(I) You ore right. Write it down in the right hand comer.
(2) ' I need two books.' "Me, too.' ') gave one to my sister.'
(3) He ate the whole ap ple but there were holes in the a pple.
(4) Do you know t..he ta le of the mouse who had seven toils'!
Please tell it to us.
(5) I knew you wanted new shoes.

4. Acli\'itics
(I) Sit quietly for some lime. Close your eyes and listen corefully to all tl1e
sounds that you hear. Can you guess what sounds they are. who or what is
making that sound?
Note down what you heard.
(2) List 5 of the so unds d101you like and 5 of the sounds thot you don't like.

5. Group \\lork.
Foml groups. Discuss how one con be a ·good reader'. Use the points m the
above passage in your discussion. \\' rite down the points that show what makes
a 'good reader'.

Good readers try to guess t he

of new or unfamiliar words
from the context .

0 ······-·········-·-·-·-·-·-·-··-·-·-·-·-··-·.........·-·-·-
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·.. Un l I
• •·············"·"·"""············· 4. S trow·berries • •········································

Strawberries that in gardens grow Arc plump and juicy fine,

13ut sweeter for as wise men know
Spring lr,lm the woodland vine.

No need for bowl or silver spo,in.

Sugar or spice or cream.
Hos the wild berry plucked in June
Beside the trickling stream.

( Things to do: }

1. l.-Oarn an d recite the poem.

l . Reod t be pot!m and onsw1.>r the folhnviog.

( I) \Vh ich are the two different places where strawberries grow?
(2) \\'hot are the two different ways of coting strawberries?
(3) Which strowbe ni es ore plump and j uicy?
(4) \Vh ich stra wbe rries oresweeter?
(5) How would you like to ea t your strawberries?

3. Acli\'itic-s
( I) Find out when and where we get s trawberries in Maharashtra .
(2) Ma ke a fist of your fa vourite fruits and vegetables and note dowa the tirne of the
year when they are available in plenty.
(3) Hove you ever eaten any fruit / vegetable picking ics traigh t f rom the tree or field ?
\Vrire a bout that experience in 3..5 lines.
Uni! 1 ................................................................................................................... · · · · · · · · · · 0
• •····· ......... ... ..... ........... 5 . r·he l"", yeJ, ,e Motttl1s • ..................................
ONCE upon a lime. in a foroway
country, there lived a mother who hod
two daughters. One was her own
child,
!he other was her stepdaughter. She
was very fond of her own daughter, but
she holed her stepdaughter. The
only reason was thot Marouck,la 1he
s tepdaughter, was prcllier I.ban her own
doughier, Holcno.
11,e gcndc-hcor1cd 4arouckla did
001 know how beautiful she was, and
so she could never make out why her
mother was al waysso cross with her.
Maroucklo had to do all 1he
housework, lid)•ing up the couage,
cooking, washing, spinnin91
weaving and se wing. She liked work
and she did
i1au without a word ofcomplaia1 while
Holena spent the time adorning herself
and lazing about. Even then, Holcno
and her mother sco lded and roted and
abused Morouckla every day. Tbcy
envied her so much Lhot one day. !hey
decided to throw her out in the freezing
co ld ro ge1 rid or her.
"Go, Jvtoroucklo, and get me some
violc1s from Lhe forest; I want to wear
1hem and 10smell them,"said Holeno.
•But, my de.orsister, it is impossible
to find violets in the snow," said poor
Mo rouekla.
"Howdare you a rgue when I tell
you to do something '? Off you go or
once, and if you don't bring me violets
from 1he forest J'II kill you!" said
Holcno 1hrco1eningly.
The stcpmoLl,e r cough1 hold of
Marouc kla . turned her out of the door,
oad slammed it to after her.
Maroucklo went into the forest
weeping bitterly. The snow la y deep,
and there wasn' t o human fuotprinr 10
be seen. Moroucklo wondered abou1
for a long Lime, tortured by hunger oad
trembling with cold.
AL los t, she sow a light in the
distance. She wen! towards the glo w,
which came from Lbe lop of a mounta in.
A big fire was burning there, and round
Lhe tire were Lwelve stoneswith twclve
men silti ng on them. Three or them hod
snow•whitc beards, three "\verc not so
old. and three were still younger. TI1e
three youngest were 1he handsomest of
them a ll. They were not speaking, but
all silting silent.ihcsc twelve men w(,rc
the twelve months. Great January soi
highest of all: his hair and beard were
as white as snow, and in his hand he
held a club.
Morouckla was frighrc.ncd. She
stood still for a time in tcn·or, but,
growing bolder.she went up10 them
oad sa id, " Please, kind sirs, let me
worm my hands at your tire."
Great January nodded. and asked
ber, "\1/hy hove you come here, my
dear little girl?\Vhat ore yon looking
for ?''
" I am look ing for violets,"
answered Ma roucklo.
"This is no time 10 be looking for
violets, for cveryLl1ing is covered
witb
0 ··········-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·.............. Unll I
snow," ons:wered Great Jonuory.
" Yts. l know; bul my sister HoJeno
and my s1epmo01cr said 1h01 I must
bring themsome violets from the for est.
Ji' I don'! briog them, they' ll ki ll me.
Tell me, fathers, please tell me where
I con find Lbcm. "
Great January stood up and
went to one of the yo w1gcr months - it
wos M orch - and, giving him L1l c
club, he said, " Brother, toke tbe high
scot."
Morch IOOk the high SCOI upon th e
stone and waved the clubover the li
re. The fir e blazed up. the snow bcgou
10 m e, lt the !recs began to bud,
and the ground was ot once covered
with gross.
It was springtime.
The viol ets began to bloom among
Lhei r l iulc leaves, and beforel\
1oroucklo hod time to L1l in k, so moay
of them bod sprung up 1h01 they
looked like o blue cloth spread0\11on 1b
c g round.
Uni! 1 ............................................................................................................ ···································· 0.
 ..Now, pick them
quickly, Marouc kla !"
commanded March.
Moroucklo picked them
joyfully till she hod o big
bunc.h. Then she thanked the
months with a ll her hear t and
scampered merrily home.
Ho lena and the stc.pmolhcr
v,,1ondercd when t.hey saw M
arouckla bringing the violeL,. They
opened the
door to her, and die scent of viole
ts
Iiiled oil the cottage.
" Where did you get them?" as ked
Holena sulkily.
"They are growing Hndcr die bushes
in a forest art the high mowllains."
Ho lena snatched all the flo wers
cmd did nm give even a single on to
her sister.
The next day,she ca lled io her
sister and said, "Go, Moroucklo. and
get me some strawberries from the
forest."
" Alas! dear sister, where could
find any stra wbcrrie.s in this hard
winter?" said Morouckla .
" How dare you argue ! Go 01 once
and get me the strawberries, or I 'II kill
you!"
The stepmother caught hold of
Moroucklo and f>llShcd her out of the
door and shut it ofter her.
Moroucklo went to tbc forest
weeping binc rly. The snow was lying
deep. ond Lherc wasn'l a human
foot111i nt to be see n anywhere. She
wondered about fora long tim e, to rtured
by hunger and trembling with cold. Al
lost, she saw the light she hod seen die
other day. Overjoyc.d. she went to
wards it. She come 10 the grea t fire
wid1 the twelve monLhs sining round
it.
" Please, kind sirs, let me warm my
bonds 01 the fire."
Great January nodded. and asked
bcr, "\1/hy hove you come again, and
what are you looking for here?"
" J om looking for s1rowbenics. My
sis ter Holcna and my stepmother bode
me bring some strawbcni cs, and if I
don, ' t they will kill me. Te ll me,
fathers. tcll me, please, where J can Jind
them."
GreoL January arose. H e went over
10 the month sining opposite to him • it
was June • and handed Lhc club 10 him,
saying, " Brother, toke the high scot."
June took the bigh seat upon the
stone and swung the cl ub over the lire.
The fire shot up, and its heat melted
the srtow in a moment.·r hc ground was
all green,tbe Lrccs were
coveredwitb lea ves, the birds began to
sing, and the forest was fillcd witholl
kinds offlowers.
II was s ummer. The gro11nd under the
bushes was coveredwith white
starlets, the stony blossoms were
tumlnginto strawberriesevery
minute.Theyripened 01once, and
before Morot1cklo hod time.
LO lhin k. there were so many of them
thot it looked as though a red carpel had
been spread on the grow1d.
" Pic k them at once, Morouckla ' "
commondc .d June.

® .·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-· ·-·-·-·-·-
·-·.. Unll I
 !vl aroucklapicked themjoy full y till
she hod tilled her apron J'ulL Then she
thanked Lli e monll,s with all her heart
and scompe-red merrily home.
Holeno and L,l e. stepmoth er
wondered when ihey sow Maroucklo
bringing Lhc strawberries. Her apron
was full of them.
top of the mountain where the big fire
was burning and the twelvc months
were sitting round1he. fire.
"Please. kind sirs, helpme."
GreOI January nodded, and asked
her. "\1/hOI ore you looking for
today?"

"Where did you pick them?" "I om looking for red apples. I f
asked Holeno sulk il y. I don' t bring them, my sister and my
mother will kill me. Tell me, foll1cr, tell
·1·tiere ore plenty of Lhem growi ng me, please,where I cou ld find L1l em."
io the forest on the high mountains."
Great January rose up. He went
Holeno took oil the strawberries, over toone. of the older mo111hs• it
was September. He handed thed ub to
him
and ate them oil up with her mother. and "Brother, toke thehigh scot."
sa,id
11,ey didn ' t leave even o single one straigh t to Lhc
for Moroucklo.
On the third day, Hole.no ordered,
"M oroucklo, go into the fore.st an d get
me some red apples."
The stepmother caught hold of
Maroueklo and without giving her o
chance to speak, pushedher out of the
door andshut it alter her.
Moroucklo went to Lhe forest
again, weeping bi tterl y. Bui she di da' t
wonder about L1l is time. She ran
 MonthSeptember took thehi gh seat one apple-treewi th red apples hanging
upon tbc stone andswung tbc club over high among i ts branches.
the li re. The fire began to bum with
"Shake Ll,c tr<.'C 01 once ,
o red name. the snow began 10 melt.
M orouc k l o!" commanded September.
But there was a cold wind that sent the
faded leaves down to Lhc ground. It Right gladly Marouckla shook the
was oulumn. Marouckla sow just

Uni! 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................... .····································· .@

tree, and first one apple foll down and
then another.
"Now, Moroucklo, that's
enough. Run home quickly!"
shouted the months.
Marouckla obeyed ot once. She
picked up the apples. thanked the
montbs wi th all her heart, ond ran
merrily home.
Holcno and the stepmother
wondered when they saw Maroucklo
bringing the two apples.
"\Vhcre did you get them?" asked
Holeno.
" I found ll,em in the forest on the
high mountain."
" And why didn't you bring more?
Or did you cal them ou the way
home?" said Hokna harshyl .
"Alas! sister dear, I hoven t even
tasted them. I shook the tree twice;
two apples felI down,and Ll1ey wouldn't
let me shake the tree again. They
shouted to me 10 go sLroight home,"
protested M orouck lo.
" M oy you be struck 10 death by
lightning! " said the wicked Holcno
and began 10 eat the apple. II tasted
so delicious Ihm she told her mother
she had never tasted anything so nice
in all her life. The stepmother liked
it too. \Vhen they hod finished, they
wanted some more.
" Mother, give me my fur coot.
Let's go 10 the forest ourselves and
get the apple. . Thot ragged li ulc
wretch
would co l them all up again on her
way home. \Vc' ll find the place all
righ t, and J'II shake them all down,
however Lhcy shouL ot me."
Her mother agreed readily. They
wrapped 1hen1.cl ves in fur coots
and shawls and off they went to the
forest.
The snow lay deep, and
1cy wondered about for o long
Lime, but at l ast they saw the top or
the mountain wherethebig fire
wasburning oad the lwclve months
were sining. Thc.y SlCppc.d UI) to the
fire and stretched out their hands lO
worm them, without asking
permission or speaking one poli te
word.
" Why have you come here, and
what ore you looking for'I " asked
Great January crossly.
" \\/by do you waat 10 know,
you old fool?" replied Molena aagrily.
"Lt' s no business of yours/ ' soid her
mothe.r
Great January frowned and
swung the club over his head. The
sky grew dark in o moment, the fire
burned low, , e snow began to fall
thick and on icy wind began to blow
through the forest. Ho lcna and her
mother couldn't sre one step in fron t of
them.
They tri ed 10 find their way out
but thesnow fell in huge masses,and
soon. they were lost in it.
Al home, {orouckla waited aad
wailed and yet Holenaand her mother
did not come bock. When she went
@ ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·..Un llI
to s corch fo r t h em she fo und neither So, good Moroucklo inherited
bcr mother and sisLcr nor the twelve the cot109eand I.he la nd a ro un d i1.
monlhs in tbc forest. AL l o st, she She ma rried a kind hus band and
returned homesadly. ,ey bolh lived happily ever ofter.
- Tradldt.mol
( Things todo: )

I. Fb1d the mooning orthe l'olloning wmm

.
* adorning * rated * abused * starlets * delicious
2. Read the \\Ords. \\ rite the words tho.I combine to make each or them .
• s te pmo th er * foot pr int * snowwhite
• springtime • gentle•hearted • anywhere
Now \\ rite other meaningful word.!i th o t beg i11/ e.nd ,Titb -
* the first word incacb * the,:;eco nd \vord in e.ach.

3. Answer the follcn,ing q ue-stiou s .

(I) Why did Marouckla·s stepmother ha1e
her'! (2)In what season does the story toke
place ?
(3) Does Maro uckla 9e1 any of lhe things she brings ?
(4) \Vhy do Holeno and her mother go oul in the snow d1emselves '!
(5) \Vhy is Grea t January annoyed with Holena and her mother ?
Does he help Llte m?

- o scribc ch e rolloning wilh the help of rhe tor .

* Springtime * Summer • Winter

5. Grnup \\r'ork
( I) Fom1groups of 3. Read aloud the conversations in the s tot)' , eoc.h group presenting
one piece of conversatio n.
(2) Fonn groups of 5. Find at lea.st 1wo foit) ' tales/ folk ta le.s eoch and share them with
other members in your group. Make a colle.ction of 10 different stories in eac.h
g roup.

6. Language S1udy (See pogt'< 84,-88.J

Note the wards Lltal are high lighie.d.
Ma rouckla ran 10 d1e to p of tJ1e mountain where the big fire was
burning. The highlighted words are all nouns . Find 5 other nouns from the s
tory.

7. Adivi-l)
Hold a s lory•te lling competition in which ea ch one narrates a folk•ta le or fairy-tale.
 •••
Uni! I ...........................................................................................................················································ ®
. .................................... '

Tmo orrwo . that is. on the ID'' ol July. s choowl ill close an
hour earlier. as the teachers have to attend anmi portant
P. J. A. meeting. So please inform your parents to arrange to
pickyou upat 2mp ins tead of 3 pm.

\
OnSurufay, l?" Ju(y 20 I5 there isa foot6aff matcfi.6e tTve,
c lass es 11/JJ aruf JX, "" the scfi.oof grou11,£ 'liie mat.di tvi[[6egil1l1
at 9 dm. Mstwlems are i11•vi1,,f to tome a11,/'clieer th,rirfiuv r,'t
I I , or • QU .c
ea eas,come 011 t une , so tliat tlie pfa)"''-' arenot

Thes chool has organized a Story -t elling Competition for

Classes,V VIand VII from 21st to 25thof J uly. The competition
I
wiff be held in t he school hall at 10 in the morning. Children may
se lec t -

l A fable 2. A f olk-tale 3. A fa iry-tale

4. A True Story 5, A Funny Story

Three prizes will be given for each cat"9ory.

The time limit is 3 -5 minutes. Those who wish to part icipate
may contact Mrs Sanjana Mohit e for other details. They must

register their names wit h her before the 16" of J uly.

I
0 ..·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·.. U tH l I
 ..
over the fence at the construction site.It isdangerousand maycause youinjury.

I
A cycle key witha blue key cha;
as been found on thegroun.
hWhoever has lostit can contact
. d
th e cI erkMrs Neeno Pinto an
seei f it belongs to him/ her.

( Things todo: )

I. Choo.se o s-uita ble heading fol' each onnoum:em.e.nt fr o m those gl\·tm below.
* Change in School Ho urs * Cleanliness
* S tory-telling Competition * Lost and Found
* \.Vaming • Football Match
2. Pr esent any onC' or these announcements ) Ourself , oraJI) .
3. Group \\ ork
( I) An announcement can be made io every class. ora lly. Or, it con be put up
on tJ1e school notice..-board. Discuss and decide what method should be used
for ea ch of t.h. e a nnounc ,ernents given here.
* Oral announce ment * \VriHen notice • Both
(2) Make groups. One person in the group chooses an announcement.
Everyone io the group reads that announcement !-ilentJy but carefully,
ond closes their books. Then that person presents the announcement,
changing one of the details in the announcement. Others s pot the change.
For e xample, you might soy ·red' key chain inste.od of 1 bJue' in the lost
announcement.
(3) Name Llte o cc a s io n or re.a so n for wh ich ea ch of lhe announcements is being
made . T hen th ink of an occasion and prepare an announcement for it as a
group activity.
4. Acthity
Prepare an announce.me.nt for an occa s ion like the ones mentioned here.
Uni! 1................................................................................................................................................ @
 · ··························7··.··M·o'1or
·······························
S01urday. 15 August I 936. I t was
the day of the Hockey finals during the
Olympiceventsheldin
Berlin,Germany. Germanyhod
deleotcd several learns10 enter lhe
finals against the Indian team.
· n1ey were tbe hosts of the Olympics,
and they were sure of their victory.
Perhaps Ihm was 1hc reason why
their
ruler Hitler hod himself come to watch
the match.
All d1c day before, ii had rained
heavily. The en1ire ld hod bt>comc
kl
water-logged. But 15'' Augusl being
the los1dayof theGomes. i i wasnot
possible 10 postpone the match ony
furd1cr. The Indion team was a
Iittlcunder pressure as they hod Jo si
10 Gcnnony in the practice match ond 1h.
e y were not very com fort able
Db.yon Chand ·
Gem.1ony against ln(Lio. The Moharoja
of Baroda State, lhc Prince of Bhopal
and a few other Indians had also come
to support the IndianTcam.
The match started exactly at 11
am. The Gennon team had adopted o
novel strategy of using the
Indiantechnique of short distance
posse. against the Indian team i tsel f.
They hod rcsor1cd to o very aggressive
ploy. The Indian 1eom was offering
on equall y strong rcsis1cm ce. No
team could make a goal duri ng the firs!
hal f hour. During the 32nd minute,
!loopSingh scored 1hc firs!goal,
hilling the boll 1owords the goolpost
from a di fficult ongle.
In the second halfof Ll,e match , th
e I ndion 1ec1: 1n found a fiim
fooitng.The entire learn plo yed as oac
and made three more goals against
Gennony. Two of them weremade by
the Captain of the l ndion team, Dhyan
Chand.
However. cGcnnonplayers were also
1.h.
trying their level best to win. They, 100,
succeededin making one goal.
Nowt only o few lost minutes were
with1hewet ground.
About forty d1ousondpeople hod
gotherc.d in 1hc hockey stadium 10 cheer
l eft. Dhyan Chand had resolved 10 win

@........................................................... Unll l
thematch at any cost without
allowing Germony to make any more
goals. His spiked shoes were mak ing
it difficult for him to run fost on the weL
yround. He removc .d the shoes ond Lh e
socks and began to run barefoot.
Using his amazing skillof
dribblingand his near
magi cal game.hebegan to
sendonepass oner another LO th e
players in the·o·,
that is, in ,c defenders' or
opponcnis' area from where they
could make gools. They. too, did not
let the passes go waste. The Indian
team scored three more goals. Dhyon
Chand could hove. cosily made the
goals himself from his own position,
but he never ployed o
sel fish game. Skil full y, he took the boll
away from 1.h. c Gcnnon defenders ond
mode it possible for the players in the
D
10 score goals.
ond rank in the Germon anny, i f he
The German strategy hod proved agree'(]10 play on bchal f of Gern, any,
fruitl ess. A defeat s1arcd them in Lhe bui Dhyon Charid 1umed down the
foce. Some of the frustroted Gem,on
players <1l en resorted to o rough game. offered Dhyan Chand o hi gh<'<
The German goolkeepcr pounced on salary
Dhyan Chand and hurlhim. But Dhyan
Chand was a true soldier. After a li11lc
first -aid, he immediately returned to
Lhe field and held the spectators
spellbound with his game. A t las be
scared the last goal of the match just
as the game drew
10 a c lose. The Indian team had won
third time in a row. 11 was a hot-ni ck.
I ndianswere the third time winners. of
the Olymp ic gold medal.
Al though Hitler left the stadium
before the match was over, he wos
impressed by Dhyan Chand's game.
LL is said lha1 the Germon dic to1ar hod
off er. A flcr the celebrated vic1ory in 1he after the great hero 'Dhyon Chand'.
Ol ympi cs. Hitler awarded a special \\/ho knows, perhaps one of you may
gold medal 10 Dhyan Chand. carry the legacy or Dhyon Chand
further and win greo1 gl ory for our c-
You moy be aware <1l 0 L hockey is
0tmtry.
our national sport. Major Dhyan Cbond's
birtbdoy, August 29 is celebrated as No
-.◄,Jap11u l /rum 'Mojw· Dhya,,Cham/' by
tional Sports Doy in Indio . The famous SOiifOJ' Dudh c'tr1e . SJXN'L', Writer .
ao1i onal siadium in Delhi is aomed

Uni! 1 ...........................................................................................................··········································· ®
 Uhyan Chand's real name
The lifeless hockey stick used w coµ,e alh,e in the hands
was Uhy-1n Singh. HeWhen
ot Dhyan()han.t was hedribbled,
n the bal
•s tick. Some people even s le·hls st'ick$ and brokethem
soldier in open tosee whether
the Indian A..rmy.they l'Qntained a specia
.glue ,or magnel Dhynn Cbnnd Ht..• couldn't practise his game
was evenmade to pl ywithother 'ordjnary'sticks during
but even
the thenhis
day because h'l used
p13.y Was as chari niatic as ever.
to be bus · on his duty as as
oldier. That is why he used to
practise at night in moonlight. It
i"" bt•lieved that his coa<.·h
fondly began to call him Dh)·an
Chand. ·Chand' meuninJ!; moon.
The nn.me stayed with him.

( Things IO do : }

I. Gurss tbt' na·oning of the following "•or d.J.

* wate r-logge d * postponed * novel * barefoot * fniitless .. pounced
2. '\lame the folJo, , i og.
(I) Hosts of the 1936 O lympic Go111es
(2) Rulero f Gemiaoy
(3) Not co111fort a ble w i t h th e we t ground
(4) Scored the first goal in the motch
(5) Did not let the pos.ses go waste
(6) Captoio ofd1e lndion Teo111
(7) Pounced on Dhya n Chand and hurt him
(8) 111ird time winners of the Olym pic gold medal for hockey

3•. \ cth·n)·
• Find out how the following gamesore ployed.
* LawnTennis • Table Tennis * Kaboddi * Kho. Kho
• Hockey • Football • Badminton

- LanguageStud {See pages 8 -88.)

Reod d1e high lighted words. They ore verbs.
The goalkeeper pounced on Dhynn Chand and hurt him.
Now findat least 5 other verbs from the passage.

5. Uli-e Ui.e folton·i119 phrases in yo11r onn se n tc n-ces.

• be sure of * try one's level best * atany cos1 * tum down the offer.

@.............................................................. Unll l
 8. Ptt r Profile
Ger ren of your fncncls ro fill rn . ······--················ -,[ ojec1J
p
rlus shee t for you.

My name:,.
At home. they coll me :Q:!!9_

My friends coll me :_ _

What I like mosr about this p<'t.SOO ; '-lc.!. S..!Ut! )'.$ <l9d. truu:ar.n_

.A-sI,,.,
-Srgnorurc
V,
 * You r presentation should clea rly
show what mony or most people

Aficr you hove collected the

filled in sheets from your r,i cnds, go
through all of them a nd make 110 1c s
fo r eac h of tl1e points. Use the notes
to write a ·repotr' about your friends'
likes, dis likes, habits, favourite
personalities, etc. You
can present
your report orally or in writing.
Remember the following things
when you make a w,i ucn / o ra l
presentmion.
:.,
" . .
en;o v. appreciate fear etc· what
'
only some of them mention . and
what only o ne or two mention.
* I f necc:ssor y, you may point out
what is not mentioned by any of
the people. Fo r example, you may
soy, ' It appears that nobody is
aCra i<l of examinatinos, as no
one has included L1l e m in the
things they fear!'
* You should also mention what
you found most intere.sling in
the responses, a t the end of your
presentation.

* You must La ke co re 10 sec that you

do not burt anyone's feelings when
you get the sheets filled or when
you make your pre.sentation.

* You need not mention the names of

your fiiends in your
presentation. You should only give
a sum,uoryof what you observe in
the responses give n by many people.

This is o languogl! ot ienred J) n>jecLoncL thcrefote it ls necessaty I.hot

StlldenL<; do i1 indqe, ndenlly, using n1ony Joii 9 uo9ei.kills like opproachiog people
poli1cly, putting 1og1eher the infonnotion gothcred uodtr the ptopcr categories
io o 1·elevo:n1 manne r. ptepariilg a report o n what they obser,1e OJld ptesentiug
the repon bdefly but in o.n jmeresting monoer. Some childrenshould be oll0\\'00
to presem the repo,·1 orally in
d le c ]OSSlO' Olll.
The teocher :.hould sec 1h01 petscmal remarks ore not mode during tht p1e'
poroti( m and presentotion of the n"'f)Ol'.lt'
®.............................................. Unll l
@ ········
·····9·.·T he Trionthvon tigongolope • ............................
There's o very funny insect that you do not oficnspy,
Andi t isn't quite a spider, and it isn' t c1ui1c a fl y;
11is somc 1ing likea beelte,anda littlelike a bee,
Butnothing like a woolly grub that climbs upon a tree.
Its name is quite a hard one, but you'II learn it soon, J hope .
So try:
l°ri-
'Tt'i-:trYt;i-vc n ti-
' f ri r1nth"-'o nt;ige ni ol,0>rc .

I L l i v es on weeds and wattle-gum. and hos a funny

face: Its appeti te is hearty, and its manners a disgrace.
\1/hcn fi rst you come upon it, it will gi ve you quite a scare,
But when you look for it again, you find it isn' t there.
And unless you call it softly it will stay away and
mope. So try:
1rr-
i' ri-:ioti-\<.1 n ti-
fri t11;i!;Jw0 r;i!:igon0 /, pe.
' I I

' '
-
I
 h trembles if you tickle itor u·eod upon its toes;
It is not 011 early riser, but it has a snubbish aose.
If you sneer ot ii, or scold ii, it wiII sc uule off in shame,
But it purrs and purrsquite proudly if you coll ii by its name,
And offer it some sandwiches of scaling-wax ond soap.
So try:
Tri-
Tfi-:-1Dti-, \'01)t.i-
i' rlr7I) !;iW<:.>I ) l.:ig0 r.> e>l0p(t

Bui of co urse you haven't seen it; and I tru1hJully

confess That I bovcn'1seen it either, und I don't know
its address.
For1hcrcisu' Isuchon insect, though 1here rcolly might have been
lf lhe trees and gross were purple, and 1he sky was boulegreen.
Jt' s jusl o liule joke of mine, which you' ll forgive, I hope.
Oh, try I
i'ri-
i'n- nt11·,\i0J) t i-
"[riv1:>t iW0r.>t i s0b 1) $?,l'll0 pel.
- C J. Dt'm,t.-:
( Things co do : }..........................................,.

I. Reod the poem oloud using proper lntonotlon.

2. 1\ote that we SO) ·ilsoppetite\ 'itsmanners' and 001 •if s oppetitc' or •if s manne rs'.
ll t" sl mco11s •Jt i s" ond li tsI meon:-. ·belonging 10 it".
3. . Activities
(I) JsI.he insecl describedin the poem a real insect? Think about on
imaginarycreature. Describe it in your own \\'ords. You may draw its picture and
lobe) it.
(2)111ink ofother fi.umy names for imaginarycreatures. Write any 3 of them.
®··- - - - - - - - - - U nu2
- •································· 10 . T hree Socks of Rice • •·································
You may have read many stories
aborn three brot hers. Usu all y. two of
Lhem - the cider ones are strong, clever
buL unk i nd. They laugh 01 the
youngest one because he is 100 simple
and sof\ bearted.
Ow· story also has Lbrcc broU1crs
who li ved in o small town but they were
oil three of them honest, kind cmd hor d "
' or ki ng . The cider one ran o shop, the
middle one wasapriestand tbeyoungest
one had j ust fi ni shedbis education. He
hod started taking up odd jobs 10 com
some money and io lcom a trade. AII
Lhrcc o f them were fond of their mother.
She bod worked hard 10 bring up the
Lbrec of th em oil er the sudden death of
Lh ei r fo U1cr.
One.day, their father' s friend visited
Lhc mmher. He said, "Sister, you know
Lhot I ha ve a very prosperous business.
I'll terh10oneofthem
mayrrmyda
u
but before that I have a pl an."
He di scussedU, c plan wi thher
and she ogreG-d qu i te read il y.
T h e next day, U, e fri end went to
each of the U1rce bro th ers one by one.
He gave th(,m each a sack or rice and
said, "My dear boy, I am going away
for a few months for some nece.ssary
work. Pleaselook ofter this sock of rice
till I come bock."
The friend went away. Many
months posse.cl but he did not
return. It was nearly a year before he
came bock. He visited the
eldestbrother first.
The eldest brother welcomed hi111 and
gave him a small purse run of money.
" Uncle, you hod left a sock of rice with
me. After a few months, L was worried
,U ot it may get spoil t. Therefore I sold
the rice to my customesr. Here's Lh e
 money I got. Pleaseaccept it."
"Thank you, my boy, you ore such on honest pers

But now I om gell ing old. and my only daughter is of o marriageable age. I om l ooking for o s
wel l. I like all your sons. If you permit,
 11,en die friend went to see the
middle brother, who wos o pries t. The
prit,slgreeted him with joyand a
ffection. He sa id, " Uncle, remember
you had le i\ a sa ck of rice with me, an
year ago ·> I had kepi it for many
m,)nths, but then
I was worried d1a1 it may get spoilt. I
distr ibuted the rice among the poor in
your name. They all blessed you for
sa tis fying their hunger. Ho wever, I did
that without your pcnnis.sion and I am
w illing 10 pay you bock for the rice."
he had a confession LO make. "T he sock
of rice was lying with me for a long
time. But then I had an idea . I o ften
go to a neighbouring fonn 10 help with
the work. I borro wed on unused plot
of land from the farmer. I exc hanged
the sack of rice for paddy and sowed
the paddy in the plot. Fortunately,
the crop grew well and yielded twenty-
five sacks of rice. I have kept bock live
of d,e socks and sold twenty of them.
Herc's die money. If you allow, I wou
ld like to keep o port of it as my shore
considering the la bo ur and money I
spent to gel it oil done."

"No, my boy, you acted wisely and

kindly. The blessings that I got from
the poor people ore enough for me.
Please don '1 even think a bout die
money any more."
A wide smile spread on thc
\\/hen Lhe friend went 10 visit the friend's face. He hod found his future
youngesl so,1., be, too, welcomed son-in
him with love and respect. But he sai d low.
that

( Things co do : } ················..·················· -

l . find theopposites of the followin,g wol'ds from the !cs.son.

• begun • bought * rejecl • eldest * lent * earned • nmTow

2. Ans wer (he folio\):ing q ue stio ns .

( I) \Vhat co mmonqualities did the three brothers hove?
(2) Whal wa.s the businessman looking for? \Vhy ?
(3) How did the middle brother use the rice "
(4) Was it right for the youngest brother toask fora shore in the money '! \\lhy?
®··- - - - - - - - - - U n il 2
3. . Language Mud) (See pages 114- 88
.)
(II Read the highlighted words.
{kine! a nd tio'roworkln• .
• All three of them were hones•t
* You are such on honest person.

The highlighted \vords are adjectives .

Now find at least five other adjectivesfrom the le.sson.
(2) List asmany words as you can that will go with the given adjective.
(At leost 3 eoch.}
I
Example : sudden I- sudden chaage., sudden shower, sudden fall
* simple • odd • only • honest * long

4. Acth-ities
( I) Ima g ine you are.o ne of the three bro thers.
\Vrite in shon what you did with the rice.

(2) f ind any otherstory of three brothers or three

sisters and rewrite it in your own words.

(3) Find out how rice is cultivated. Describe. the process with the help of
pich1res or diagrams.

5. Group \\ ork
Fonn a groupof 4 or 5. Ma ke o ·s toryboa rd' for thestory ' Three Socks of Rice
'. Arrange the story in the fom, of a sequence of pictures.
Dec.id e what you will s how in each picture; whol words/ line$ you will write with each
pie.lure to exp lain what happens in it.
You con also add 'speech balloons· for the peo ple in the pictures.
• .... .. .. ... ........ •·····••·····• 1 1. Be o Good Speaker • ••·····...... . .. .... ........ .... .

Some people o re goo<l s1>eakers. Some ore shy. Some speak

cosily wllh Lheir friends and relativse, but become
nervosu in Cront o f o big audience. \Vhat about you?
It is importont 10 be able to speak well. And if you make
up your mind, it is not very difficult 10 do so.

lte111e111b e r tlwse
Uti ny s » h en )OU s p ook :
r"e

Look • Speak cleorly. Do n' t mumble.

•
at tbe person/persons when you talk to them.
You shou ld not be too loud or 10 0 son,
too fast or too slo w.
• Be polite, and be pleasant.
• Give a thought to the other person's

-
feelings and interests.

\ Vhen yo u toke port in a disc ussion :

• Don't kec,p ta lking oil u,c time.

Let others speak.
• Show interest in whot others soy
and listen carefu lly.
• When you oyree with others or like their ideas,
do tell them that.
• Do share your own thoughts and ideas wiu1 others.
• lf you do not understood so mething,
ask for an expla na tion po litely.
• lJsc polite words and expressions
wJicn you wo nt 10 inie rrupt someone,
when you disagree with s9meonc,
or when you seek explana tions
and give L1lc m.
®··- - - - - - - - - - U nu2
 \ \' hr n you u o nl tn gh e u r.pl'cch :

• Pion your :;pcech m odvum;c.

• Note ,e po ints oad orronge tl1cm prope rly.
• Rehearse tbc speech in your 1J1ind,

and go a head.

l
( Things l.o do : )o-- -
1. Listand soy whether the foll<min g s ta te ments agree wit h the possoge or not.
( I) You s hould alwoys speok softly but cle-0rly.
(2) In a discussion. you should share your ideas with others.
(3) If you don' 1 underslond so mething, don'1 let tbe others know a bout it.
{4) You s hould try to talk most of the time whenever there is a d iscussion.
(5) You should look 01 the pe rson you ore tolking to.
(6) When you wa nt to make a speech, there's no need lo think abo ut it m
odvonc,e,.

l. Think about wh.ol yo u do o nd you mu.!i-t l eo m to d o \ \ h e n f OU spea k.

:\ la ke o Hst of " uc b · Oo' , o nd Du11· ts• for youn etr.

3. Lb,i the polite exp ressio ns "e us s uch os · Pa rdon\

4. Lon" ot the s pea ker in l'OCh pic ture. oy n hft her each one is o good ltpeo ker.
G i vt.t reason. for rour 0 11 \W,

a .
-
• ......... ............... ..... .... 12 . Co unt your Gorden• .................................

Coum your ga rden by the Oowers:

Never by the leaves that foll:
Count your days by golden hours:
Don't remember clouds 01 oil.
Couni the nights by stars, nol shadows;
Count your life by smiles, not tea rs;
And with joy on every birthday ,
Co unt your age by friends, not years.

( Things 10 do : ) ·· ····················································-·-· - - -

1. The following Ching ore menHoncd in th1" poem.

Cla.ssify them os l1opp) ond sod thing.,.
* flmvers . faUing lea ves * golden hours . clouds
* stars .. s hadows * smiles - tears * friends in your life . pass ing ye.ors.
2. Name oft'\\ other things tho! people often counJ. (Al least 5.)
3. Group \\ ork
• Discuss how you wilJ measure the worth of -
* a book • a spons event • a friend * a journey.
You may findthe following pairs useful in yourdiscussion.
jd iflicult words . interesting things/ knowledge 11 defeats • enjoyment I

I q uarrels • sharing feelings and thought,, problems I

I obstaclse . learning new things,seeing new sights. I

®·- - - - - - - - - - - U nu2
 - ........... .............. 13. The Adventu res of Gullive-r ..........................
Gu//' ,1•er ·., Tro,•ebi A an intt·.rc.•.H. ing boo!.. h·1'iucn h,· o 11·t:.II- Alwu ,r Euqll\/J h·t iler,
.Jm1ud1a,i Swi/1 . 111 1l·hid1 h1,. dt•;.·cl'ibt's dw w,aq,.•s u( Gullfr,•1 10 •·arimu Ja,ul.,
li,f..t Lil!,put and /Jnr/idilumoq nwugh d wro,:u · r of GulliH!r oncl th(we .,·tran ,qt•
th1.·.
smmt.li11g lands u,,• imaqhh111· Gu/Ji\'t'r 's .._•s1 1,•rie111: ,'J anJ f.kl\-entm'L,, art: writum .,o·
\I ell ,J,01 sht'\' St'.e m real anJ m,e 10 lilt•.
(iullirt.I'', tlu: mu 1• 1,..1/l.. ru, horJ..,•.d ,u u ,·t'o!}C'-tJn on ., /, /'..
ht• madt'
. f., .,·tu .h: .
., ,•, i!rul \ o,l'iJ.gt.\.' Ju ,\l at • J69Q, !, ,._ ...ail c•..tl rm 1lw Ihip 'TIit! Anlefot• ' On tltt.• tt.!IJ/nt
j,,w m:,. ill l'v'o v mht•t J 1·1uh •111 .\Jan n .h.Ju l, IJ;.. \hip unJ Gullih 'I ,wam Jo Jul 't' hi\
{({.•,. laJc w the t-1•·eni11g . he fimnd hinu ,•/f mw·ou11cd ou a _,1ran9t' land. fr(.• '1ml
t ·.1.hau.,·t.:rl lte \.'/1.•. pl /Or uhow nilh hour_._ fl H Lt\ ' d a,\ lighl h ill .II he m,olu:
Lt..! us rt•(s,./ U'}WJ h t1f)pi'Uc'.d m•.,1 iJJ !ti.\ uun n·or,k

Gullh er leet< the Lilllpulions

' I tried to get up from the ground, my body and up to my face.Turning my
bmJ could notmove! I was lying oo my eyes down as much os I could, I sow a
back. Then I found that my a,ms and man. He was not halfa foot high. By his
feet were held clown to the ground with dress, he seemed 10 be a soldier. Then
s trings. My hair, which was long, was there come forty more, following the
held down in the same way. Thousa nds first.
of strings had been passed across my
was so much surprised that J
body, so that I co uld nor move any part
govc a great cry. Then they a ll ran
of me, bur could only lie there on my
back in great fear; and (as I was
back looking up 01 the sky.
told later) some of them were hurt
In o little time, I felt something in jumping down from my side on
alive moving on my foot. Then it come to the ground.'
over
 Gulli>·er Attem pt, to Pull Free
' A ll er pulling very bard I got one 10 do was 10 lie quiet till night. I thought
orm up from the grouad. I alsoraised my that then, my boad being free, I could
head; this gave me great poin for many quick ly set free therest of my body.
of the hairs were pull ed out. J pu t out
Soon a platform wos raised and
my hand10 catchsome of the li ulc
on important-looking man gave a long
men; but they ran away before I could
speech. From bis gesture,s I guessed
close my handon them.Then I heard o
that he was tr ying to tell me that
noise,and felt a pricking in my hand like
they would not honn me. i f I did as
that of a thousand needles. I
they told. I 100, repli ed with gestures
found1h01they were shooting arrows at
that I would remain quiet. I also told
me. J was afraid for my eyes. I put my
them 1h01 I was hungry.'
hand over my face. Aller this, I thought
that the wisestthing
•••
Gum,er Eats a Giant l',l euJ
' A l once, o hundred men cli mbed
my promise to remain quiet. Indeed,
up on 10 my body and marched up to
I was surprised 01 their bravery for I
my mouth, con-ying food. The bread
musthove St.--errted the greotesL g i an t in
was as small as bullets. So I ate 1wo
the world.
or three loaves OL o time and cries
of surprise rose from the Lillipu1ic111s Loter, J was token 10 the ci ty
that I shoul d eat so quickly and so where the king lived.A great cart
much. The L illi putians were no longer wasmodeby j oining many carts. Nine
a fraid of me. They doaced upon my hundred men worked for three hours
body and ran to and fro. I could hove 10 put me on to the cort which was dro
caught 01 wn by fiIleen hundred ofrhc king's
least forty of them with my hands and finest horses.The
thrown them down. l:lm I remembered city was just hal f o mile away but
the j oun1eytook almost a full day.'
®··- - - - - - - - - - U n il 2
 ' The king came out 10 meet me; he
come nearond looked at me,but il was
110 1 tho ught sofe for him lo climb up
on me.
Al the place where the Cort SIOppG-
d there was on old church. II was
the
largest building in tbc whole co uatry.
For certain reo. ons, it hod not been
used os o church for many years. It had
no w
been mode ready for me to use as my
house. The great door on the north was
four feet high and two feet wide. So. I
•••
G ulli,·er Vi;irs the Chy ond t11e Queen
·As soon as I wo. set free I a sked
ir J 111ig h1 sec the c iry. The king
was
pleased to let me do this. Orders were
given toa ll the people to remain in their
houses. I then stepped over L1l e
wall,
and went very carefully, along Ll,e two
largest streets. All the windows were
full or faces looking our 01 me, and
Jo rge numbers of people were s
tanding
could go into it by going down on my
hand. One or my feet was set in o great
ring on the end of many strong strings
so 1h01 I co uld not get away, but could
only walk some distance ouL ide my
doo r. The count ry outside looked like a
ga rden.
Aller some days, the kiog and his
people were eonvinced that I would
not harm Llie m. So, ofrer l agreed 10
keep cerLoin•orders' of Lhe king, I was
allowed to move a round.'
on the tops of the houses . The king's
house was jus r or the place where
two
great streets met. There was a
beautiful ga rden 011 all sides of it.
Lying down in
the garden I put my eye to rhc
windows. The rooms ins ide were
very bcauLiful. In one room, I saw the
quee n and some of the young princes.
11,cy were greatly pleased by my visit.'
( Thlnf)S lo do : } ······························· ·······-· -

1. Answer 1h(' t'ollo\\ing questions in short.

(I) How was Gulliver tied down on the seas hore?

(2) \1/bat d id the importa nt-looking man tell Gulliver?
(3) How was Gulliver taken to the city ?
(4) Describe Gulliver' s home in Lilliput.
(5) Describe Gulliver's walk around llte city.

2. J\.cth·ities
(I) Tell any one.of the stories orally imagining you are Gulliver.
(2) Write any one of these storie.s, not 05 told by Gulliver, but by some other
person.
(3) Imagine thal you are in a land of tiny people like U IJiput. \Vrite a bout some
of the interesting things you might see there, including animals. houses. plants.
vehicles, etc. Find an interesting name for this land.
(4) If yo u were to grow very 1iny like a Lilliputian, what are the things you
would like to do '? Write a bo ut any three of these things.

3. Languag• Stud 1See pages 8 -88.)

(I) Read the highlighted words. They are adverbs .
* I \ VOS pulling lior•d .
* They ran O\•.:ay.
* Loler . I was taken to the city.

* I went very carefuUy .

• They were grea1ly pleased.

(2) Find suita bleadverbs for each of the following verbs. (At leas t 3 each.)
* walk • speak * push • st11yd * sing • work

(3) Find the opposites of the following adverbs.

• hard • quickly • fast • tidily • unknowingly
* early * often * never * honestly * shamefully

•••

®··- - - - - - - - - - Unil 2
- •·····.... .. •·•················... 14 . A Lesson for All . ,..••·•················...........
Ch uractrrs

1/umons

Newspelpel· Ml/Jm11.l11 Sclwal-hm DrSawam M,:\· Pare/ -

bt>)' drfrer a hou: ewije

Mr De.--..01-
jl.
Mu rnr o' f' Mn· Joshi - Nie/Ju' ond Mad/111 -
a businessman tire ww11 a ltumewlfe M r .\,· lt, .thi :\' douglrters
(sclux.,l-{J(.n'nggirlf }
Animals

Deer Blrd:; T(1rtoise

A ci t)1 tret l. oorl) iu the mornlny

(the street is littered with plastic bogs. carwns, tins. cans, broken gla,s.
old 1yres, wa,te paper ball.,. bogs and other g(D-bage. £mer ,l!fr Desai.)

l'l r Desoi : (looking out into the
distance) \\/by hosn't the
newspaper been deliveredon time
today? It's nine o'clock. Almost
time to leave for my office. (looks
0111 again) Let me ask ,c Potels
the popers as yet. Nor hos our
milkman turned up! Mr Patel is
so grumpy. He is waiting for his
morning cup of teo.
l'lr Desoi : Very strongc ! And look 1

if they have reccivcd t.hei r copy. The state the street is in, is simply
(Goe.v into the fYings and returns shocking.
with Mrs Patel.) trs Poet! : My word I What's this?
\1/bcre did all this liuer arid
Mrs Pote! : No Mr Dcsoi. the
garbage come from?
ncwspopcr boy hasn't deliverG-d
(Enter Mr., ./osl,i wit/, her daughrers.)
Mr Desai : I returned rather late from
lhe office last night and the Street
was bare then. How did a lI this
rubbish gmher here ovemight?
(Suddenly, ,11odlw fa/Lr and injures
her fool • give.,· out o c1:v < l pain.)
Modhu : Oooh! Ouch!
My foot! II hurts !
Mrs ,Joshi : Oh dear!
Madhu, arc. you
alrig ht? Oh. no,
ber foot is
blcc.diog
so much! Somebody help, please !
Mrs PoteI : Nidhi, run and fetch
Dr Mrs So wonl. Request her 10
come quickly. Your sister has cut
bcrself on o bro ke n gloss bottle.
Mr De.soi : I' ll get some ice at
once.
Dr Sowont : \\/hat presence of
mind! Good' (Applies ice 011
the wou11d.) There aow! lL hos
stopped bleeding . It' s a deep
c.ut. I 'II dress the wound and she
will be fine.
Mrs .Jos hi : Thank you, Doctor. So
kind of you to c.omc 01 once.
But I am going Lo complain 10
lhe Mayor. Hove. you see n ll1e
rubbish and the lilter on L1l c
rood?
Dr Sawant : Oh, it's a mystery.
All this garbage was not ll,ere
yesterday. And now..... just look
!
(Enter newspaper boy milkman.
l,awker. etc.)
the bleeding.

Mrs .Joshi : (almost in tears ) My

poor child! How did all this
bro ke n gla ss happen 10 be
here'?
Mrs Pa tel : Look around. ll's not
just broken gloss. but....
Mrs ,Jos hi : Dear me! \\/hat nonsense
this is ! Unbe lie vable! Where has
all this rubbish come from?
(Dr Sawa111 enters wit/, Nidl,i. She
has a doctor ·., kir.)
Or S-Owont : Lei me sec L1l c
wound.

Mr Desai : Here' s some ice 10 slap

l\1rs Patel : The 1vlayor must
not hove seen ... Look, 1hc
newspaper boy! He is
limping. And the milkma n
al las! ! (To the milkmo11) \ \
lhy, where' s your bicycle
and why ore you so IOLc?
l\1ilkn1o n : The Lyres were
punctured. I had 10 come
walking all the way with
this heavy milk co n.
®··- - - - - - - - - -
Newspaper boy : And I !li pped over
an old tyre and spra ined my
foot. IL was q,d1e dark ea rly this
morning. I did 1101 expect on old
tyre righl in the middle of the
rood.
Mr Desa i : I sec ' Some thing must be
done.
(Bu.v driver enters cm· fitlly avoidi11g
the Iii/er.)
U nu2
 side • away from here. The
rains then wash it away.

Mrs Patel : Or the winds blow it

away.

Mayor : ·n,c n bow did it come back

into the town overnight?
Bus driver Mrs Josh i. Mrs Joshi,
I' m sorry. l can't drive the school Bus drh·er : That's the proble m!
bus today. On every rood and Nobody knows bow it 901 here.
street there is nothing but liLLc It's a mystery.
r. II looks like on obstacle race News paper boy II looks like
course. so meone has done it purposely to
!Vt rs .Joshi : l know! I 'm going spoil our town.
to
send for the Mayor at once. He.
Mrs Joshi And endanger our
musL see this . Our c hildren
children.
ore not safe with a ll these da
ngero us
broken objects around. !Vt r Oesai : Or we toke it 10 Ll1e
d umping gro und near the
Hawker : No one is safe. Le t' river-
s
request Lhe Mayor to come and
sc.e for himsclt'.

Mr OesoJ : I'll fetch him. (£ , it)

(Enters again ..-i f/, the Mayor and his
re tinue. )

!Vt a y or : (A111w v ed ) Unbelie vable!

Shocking! How do you expect
people 10 walk Llu o u g b alI this
robbis h? Why don' t you all
dispose of the garbage properly?
Mrs Patel : But we do, l\1r Mayor.
We give our garbage 10 Lhc
garbage collecto r.
Mrs Jos hi : Yes. we don·t liLLc r o u
r
S Lrects like this.
!Vlilkman : And hinder our doily work.
\Ve ho ve bro ught in all the liller.
Mayor : We will not tolera te this ! 11/e. hove spread the garbage all
I must look into this. I will not over the town.
spore a nyone. \Vho hos done this ?
\ Vho is responsible for this mess? Deer : Yes ! 11/e co nfess we did so. l\
( /:,'nter animals who have been hi<llng 1oyor : Whot? Yo u! How dare you? l\
- deer, rabbi,. birds, squirrel, hear, etc.
Eod , one co mes out ji·om its cover 1rs ,Josh i : \Vhat right do you have
turn by turn. saying) 10 s po il o ur town and make it
unsa fe. 10 move. a round?
Animals : \Ve o re respons ible !
Unj12 . .................................................................................................................................................................................. @
........................
Boor : (comes flnw ard) We hove
only brought bock to you what
belongs to you. Te ll me, what
right do you hove 10 dump oil
tbis in the forests? The forest is
our dwelling place.
Birds : Our trees ore dying and
vanishing because of you. \Vherc
can we roosL or build nests?
Squirrel : And where con we live '?
Rob bi! : You ore worried about
Modhu being injured because of
sharp broken gloss • Don' t our
young ones get injured too'?
Oee_r : Ycs! And we hove no doctor
10 dress their wounds. Our young
ones simply die.
Modhu/ Nidhi Oh, no! How
shocking! Terribk.l
Tortoise : AU the fish in the rivers
and lakes die because of the
waste dumped in water. How we
suffer because of the chemicals
ond po•isonsI.
Boor : And so many animals who
drink the polluted water foll ill
and die.
Or Sawont
true. Yes. It is unfortunately
Peocock : So we called a meeting
and decided to return o il your
dangerous stuff bock to you. We
don' t need it.
® ··- - - - - - - - - -
8 eor : Anyway, we were not o.s
cruel as you arc ! \Ve hove only
retumcd the garbage. \Ve hove
not poured chemicals and poisons
onto your settlemen.ts
l\'lo yor : I se c . You animals and birds
do hove a poin t. Yo u ore right.
Mr Desai : You hove opened our
eyes. \Ve should not dump rubbis h
in the forests or rivers or lakes.
J\'lrs J>otel : But where con we dispose
of it ?
Mayor : l.f you a ll ag ree to sort out
the litter, I will arrange for it
to be collected sepa rately. Then,
some of it con go for processing
and some, for recycling.
1\1-rs .Jos hi : Good idea ! Let' s do just
1h01.
Mayor : Let us save our moLl,c r
eortl1 from furL1l e r ha r m. (To
the a11imaL,) Thank you, dea r
animals for teaching us o lesson
so cffeetivcly. \Ve assure yot,,
we will not pollute or spoil yow·
homes. I sha ll even worn those
who go there for picnics.
Some animals Thank you,
Mr Mayor! Thank you. ( l11ey
refurn. )
Mayor : Seif- hel p is the best help.
Le t's clear this up. (All i11c/11di119
the Mayor s/art picki119 up the
litetr. ) - C lttra i 11•
U nu2
( Things to do : }

1. Ans,H·r th-e rollowing questions.

(I) ) Wha t difficulties do the people in the ploy face in the morning'>
(2) Wha t more diffic ult,ie; would they hove to face, if the roods are not clea red ?
(3) \Vha t are the co mplaints of the animals ?

2. Lbt t.hc cha racters in the play.

* Human c.haroc ters * Birds and anima ls

.l. Adfritie-s
( I) Enact the ploy.
(2) \Vri te s logon.s for thed. e.onliness drive in your area.
(3) Write a sbort note/s tory based on the iII effects of pollution.

4. L(D)gt109e Stud) (See pages ll4-88.)

( I\ Find two examples of each of the following from the lesson.
* A Stotemem * A Question * A Command * An Exclamation

5. Group \\ ork
(1) Formgroups of fouror five.
Try to find the ans\vers to the following quest.io ns th rough observation and by
talking Lo your teachers , pare nts and o thers. Disc uss your answers in the group.
* How is waste 9enera1ed ?
* How is it removed or cleared ?
* How c.an we he lp in i-he ta sk of cl e a r i ng or r e mo vi ng ga r bage '!

(2) I n w ha t way c o n we h elp to r ed uce or minimize waste generat ion?

Discuss the issue in groups of 4 or 5 and note down all good su_gges t
ions.
Resolve to follow them yourself. Some hove been given be low for your re.fere nce.
* Dontt waste. food.
* Toke as much as you want but finish everything that' s on your pla te..
• Don' t throw a way broken or hatf used things. Re pa ir them and use them.
* Avoid things which con be used only once.
For exa mple : thennocoJ (po lyste.re ne) c ups plastic glosses, etc.
* Reuse!
• Recycle !

Unj12................................................................................................................................................ @
· ············..··.·..·........············15. Bird Both ···········································

1n o ur gard en we hove mode

Suc h a preuy little poo l,
Lined with pebbles neatly la id,
Filled will, water clea n and cool.

\Vhen the sun shines wann a nd high

Robins cl uster ro w1d its brink,
Neve r one comes !lying by
But will fiulle r down to drink.

Then they splas h ond splash and splash,

Spouering liu le showe rs brig ht
All around, till off L1l cy ll as h
Singing sweetly the ir deligh t.

( Thin9' to do : } ········· ·· ··················· ·················- ·- - - - --------·-·-·-----------------

··------· ·-
I . T h «.' 1>ol •m hos r h yntl n g word s m the end o f the li n es . Find and, rire the pairs or
r hyming words in eac h stanza.
2. C ue c; th r mooning of the follo,,•ing ,, ords in lh-e p oem .
* lined * clusrer • brink • flash

3. Re,\rr it e thl'following lines in , our own wor d.s.

( I) ·Never one comes flying by
But wiJI flutter down Lo drink·.
(2) ' till off they flos h
Singing sweetly their delight.·

4. \ \•ri te \\hot you can do to welcome birds in your surr-ound iogs.

5. Discuss what you_ can do to help other onlnwls in your s-ur ruundings. \,\ ritl' down
uny chr c-e id .ca, youJik l" from the discussion.
®·- - - - - - - - - - - Unil 2
• •···············.·..·.·.·....... 16. \Vrite your o"'l1 S to ry • •·······························

Fonn groups of five.

Look Ol die chart given on pages
°"1ro«us
40-4 I.
Each person in Lhe group is given only
Chor'X:lctitr&Stk:S
one colu mn Lo choose from.
\.: ' r-rom co lumn A, one person chooses 01i y
five charocters.
"""'
-
!Crom co luma 8, another person con
choose ony five choroctcrisLics or quolitics
for these choraclcrs.
T l,..
From columns C, D and E, the three
remaining children choose the story type, the
period and one sc1ting (place ) res pectively.

't he conditio n is that c cry person

chooses separately. w:itho ul telling /
co nsulting the others.
Aft<'< everyone hos chosen, you pul all
the ele mcn1s 109c1hcr and build a story/
play witb ii.
ll must hove o beginning. some events
and on end.
You may choose other supporting
For the tcocher : characters and move from one s.euing or
Discuss lhc activ ity
time period lo a nother. if necessary. but
iu Lhe clnssroom and
deinomarmeho,,• you must use what you choose lirst.
10 choose fro,u the
COIUOUlS. Bui l d one
srory thro ug h o di
scussion
iu Lhe clnssroom . After
thm, allow children time
10 build their SlOries /
p l ay s in ah. e cl a
ssroom its.elf. Lo te r
oo, they 1tt-0y write tJle s
iot ies
individually l)I' OS (l
group oc.tivity.
 •

-4 A : Characters B : Characteristics
, f
mag 1 c1a n dog brave talkative

school gii-1 scientist coward siUy

school boy a s upel'-hero wicked sly

1nous e 1·obot kind honest

thief de tect ive weak cunmng

soldier neighbour bullying loyal

farmer elf nosey ras h

dinosaur acrobat forgetful helpful

me rcha nt pilot very intelligent selfish

king/queen hawker scholar strong

- r;

Good descriptions. (You will need adjectives.)

Do you hove these Events
clements in your und
story? actions.

@-- - - - - - - - - - Unu 2
 (iJ
0 -...
0
C : Story Type D : Time E: Places

fari y-tale ln the time of Youl' city/

the caveman town /
village
fantasy
Onc.e upon a time On another planet
myste1·y
One thousand In a faraway land
adventure
to five
hundred years
In a desert I
1
ago
ordinary
Twen ty years ago Ln the forest
success story
Now In a hill f'ort
funny '1\venty years
from now On an island
science fiction
'l\vo hundr ed In a big city
tragic years from
now In space
.... play In a small
When dinosaurs kingdom
Iived on the
earth

Dialog uesond Please share your story with 0 1c.r groups.

conversa tionsand Some surprise
a lso · monologues', for the readers!
if you l ik e.
........ ......... ............ 17. C)n the Water • .......................................

In our link boot to glide

On the water blue and wide,
\Vhile the sky is smoo th and bright,
\Vhot could give us more delight '?

See the ripples, how they run,

Twinkling brightly in the
sun;
\Vhi le reflected we con sec
Shadows of each bill ai d tree.

.._ . _-.-. - - -
. _, . ;_ .4 -. ....

Sec the lilies, round oud Jorge ,

Floating near the rccdy,
nargo.
\Vhcrc d1c bulrus h has its
place And d1c.hcovy water-
mace.

Sec the.9{Eo t green drogona y,

And theswallow skimming by.
See tlie'fishes §prfng and$_!ca
m, Ere..t y splash JDIO-t
StrCal)l.

Sce-1hebright kingfisher too

Dort£rll!eo mof green and
blue. These"'ole oll around
our boat On I e water whllSI
we float.
@ ..·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-...l
ln 1l 1
* r eedy morge : water's edge where- reeds or tolJ gro es grow 1hic k.
* bultus.h, water-mote : wetlond grosslike plonts.
* ere : befi.)re.
* dort : move suddenly and rapidly.
* whilst : while..

( Tillngs todo: )

I. ADSl\'tr the rollo" ing qu s tions.

(I) List the insects, birds. trees and plants mentioned in the poem.
(2) List die rhyming words in the poem.
(3) Write what the following do, widt the helpof the poem.
* ripples * lil ies * swallow * fishes • king fisher
(4) Write what the poet is doing.
Does the poet like the experience?
Write the line which tells us a bout it

2. Activitie'i
(I) \Vrite a short essay on your own journey in a boot
(2) Prepare and pres.ema speec h on "My Fa vourite
Place'. Use the following points.
* Name of the. place
* Its specia l fea tures
* The reason why you like it
(3) Make a painting or a collage to shaw the different things described in the poem.

l lnat 3...................................................................................................................................................................................... @
• ................................ 18 . \ \' ee ds i11 tl1e Gorden • ........ ...................
Most of the parents like 10 fulfil the
wishes of lhc.ir ch ildren. They ft-el sorry
when they connol indulge their kids
or when they hove to scold them. And
when even a scolding hos no e
ffe,ct the parents become very very
unhappy. Such was the case with
Anshuman ond his parents.
Anshumon·s parents had noticed
that he was developing some bod hobi1s.
No1ura lly, they began 10 wom him lime
ond again, bu! oil in voln. Anshuman
just woulda' l listen. He refused to
believe thot be was !cuing those bad
ha bits get o hold over him. Gentle
words. strict wantings, o scolding now
ond then - his pa rents tried
everything
short of bro ting him up. And that ihey
would never do. However uoboppy they
lhemsclvcs were. Lhey wonlcd to be
loving and gentle as they uied to correct
lheirson'sways.
Soon, on opportunity presented
itself. Anshwnon hod gone to stay on
his gra nd father's farm with his parents.
Early one morning, his father took him
.... .
for a walk orouad the fann. He was
describing the spec ia lities of various
plants ond vines and bushes aad u·ees
10 Anshumau. Suddenly, he stopped
oad pointed 01o small seedling
growing near a plant.
"Anshurnon.1hol's a weed. Con you
pull ii o ut?"
Anshumon hod no difficulty in
pulling oil of the small seedling out.
"Good !" said his father ond !hey
continued with their walk. Afler a
while, they come upon Lhe same weed
but there. it hod grown slig htly bigge r.
Anshumon' s father told him 10 pull out
this pla nt, too. He told him to uproot
the weed carefully, ma king sure 1otno
tra ce of the root was left in tbc soil.
" Otherwise the weed co n grow
again."he womcd.
Anshumon uproo ted the pla nt
carefully, twisting it and pulling it hard
so thot the whole of it come out.
Then his father drew his atlclllion
10 the some wt'Cd growing at some
distance. There, it bod grown into a
big pla,11 w ith tiny flo wers and dark
fruit.
·'Tha t could bequite dangerous. \\ie
mustn L leaveit growing there. Take it
out." sa id Anshuman' s father.
Anshuman held 1he pla nt in his
hands and gave it a tug. The we -d
didn·1move at all. He pulled harder
and border but to no ava il.
- 1 can' t gel t.his oul!" exclaimed
Anshuman. " h hos gone 100 deep into
the soil." longer you a llow them 10 g row, u,e
horder ii is 10 uproot them. It is wise 10
So 1hcn his father brought some.
get rid of them when it is cosy to do
implements , they dug around the weed
so."
and with great ertort, pulled it out.
Anshuma n realized the lruth in his
When they were returning ho me father's words. Throughout his life,
after u, c hard work, Anshuman's father he nevc.r for901Iha!early morning
memioocd, '"Habitsarc like weeds. walk on the fann with his father.
The

( Things 10 do : )

I. List all lhe words <1nd phrases int.his stor · that indicate ·t1mc•.
2. ,\dd proper 1>n 0 Xe"i li ke up... un- . dis• . in- to the foUowing w form oppu.,itcs.
* happy * rooL * effec tive * noticed * believe e c ivilized * continue
3. Amiwer th-c roUowlng qu estions.
(I) When do the porent, feel sorry and become unhappy?
(2) Whal me.thods did Anshuman's parents use m wom Anshuman a bout
his bod habits?
(3) Whal did Anshumon's fothercompore bod habits to'!

4. Lse the. follo win g phrases in ymu· mwn seutenc s -

* in vain * geta hold of • toget rid of.
5. Longuoge Study (See pogo• 8 -88.)
(I) Reod the highlighted words. They ore kno\\11os preposition, _
• for a walk * around the fam1 * specialities o f plants
* in the soil • \\
1
ith great effon
l lnat 3...................................................................................................................................................................................... @
 (2) Change the meoning of the sentences by changing Ll,e prepos itio n.

The tiger j umped into the river. Put the cubes in We travelled to
the box. Mumbai by train.

T here were many people The children were asked

around the house. to come without theirparents.

(3) Change the meaning by changing the adverb.

* Speak gently. * Come in. * Hit the stone hard withthe hammer.
6. Group \York
(I) Form groups ofS-& and list the following.
• Bad habits
* Very harmful habits

(2) Discuss the following in groups.

• Do people admit that they have bad habits?
• \Vhat can we do ro get rid of bad habils''
* Do's and Don'tc; for young children.

•••

@................................................................. lln11J
 . ..
, . .............,.£.9... eo Good' Host
' ,.•.
- -
.. -
.,.,,•,,•,,,••.

and G uesr
.....•• ·
..
..
- "

We o il love to get 109ether with decorations. rich food·> S uch things

our friends and hove fw1. \Ve like our
favourite dishes even better when we
shore them wich ow·friends. In sho,1,
we oil love o party.
You may hove a ttended pa rties
or you may even have given somt .
\\/hat do you think make. o good party
- expensive, fancy clothes, costly
If you ore the host, these ore the thi119 s that you should remember to do :
may make o pa rty look gla moro us,
but is that enough or even necessary to
make L1l c peo ple happy'/ A good
pony
is where the host and the guests con
boLl, e njoy themselves and be happy. It
should become a plea sant memory
in
the mind of oil. Let us sec who! we con
do to make s\lre that a pon y becomes
memorable in a good way •

Let's hove a
surprise party
for $rondpo.
- ,a-
Consu.Jt your fa mily members first and see whet her they like'•the idea. '!'hey will help yo
choose a suitable- time, da te.
place. menu , etc.

lake a list of the people you wish to ii1'1te to the

Sendtheinvitationswellm
advance.Youmayextendan
* Who is inviting whom.
The oe<:asion why you are giv ing
invitation ol'ally or you may send a written
t he invitation.
party. Make sure that your i nvita t.ion in clu
* When and whei·e it will be held •
wha t day, what tiroe. what place.

An 1nfo rnH''
II t o v i t Qt io n

A fonllul
iu,'il()tion

II
 -
Ilmt 3
rChoose a 'menu' that your guests will enjoy. (Remember the story of the fox and the crane?) As

Do you want any decol'ations '?

C h al k outa ·programme' • will
How will Lhey be done ?
IQ you begin with gamesor music?
I \Vhen will food be served ?

'1..--., :- ·ti•\: .

Once you have planned the above details, you ca11 work out how the various tasks cru, be d one - w

Wow! Gl"Ult l Whet• sul'pl'ist l

On the day of the party:

Youmus tbeready before your guests.

Your decoratio ns , food preparations should be ready befor

You must greet all your guests \,.-hen t hey arrive. If they don't know one another, you

You should see that all your guests are comfortbale and happy.

You should serve the food poHtely, making sure that everyone is served what they want.
 • lf you are holding party Simon says
games, make s ure that
everyone gets a chance to
pa rticipate and enjoy,
Here ore some common party
games:

HCWli t.1pl

t\lusicot \Vhispers
Choirs
Hot and Cold
(G uessing
game)
Charades

Pin the toil on the donkey

- • r -• · fl
Treasure
Hunt

B 0
· Y ou, s ho u l d not keepplaying wHh some fr iends and ig nore ot hers.
-

\'l he n it is time for the gues ts to

lea ve, you s hould say goodbye to
each of them persona Uy.
lvl os t im port a nt of all, help
clean up after a party.

l!ntt3 ................................................................
 If you are a guest, here are some tipsfor you:
Please acknowledge that you have received the invitation and let yoID· host know whether or not y
-

lfyourehoigapresent for your host, tlunk well about what he/she will like. A thou htful
more than an expensive one.
Remember to remove the -price tag or label from the gift. It is not -polit e to let yo ur
spent 011 the gift.
\!/rap tl1e b>ift well, and if possible. decorate the wrapping yourself.

On the day of the party:

Be punctu al. Reach in time for the pa rty. Apprecia te the food and
decor
lf there is any work to be clone. offer to help. ations honest ly.
Be friendly witll t.he ot her gues ts. Do t W1Jste foo d. 'J'ake only as much as you wan
When it is time for you to leave. approach yoLtr ho

'l'nkepart intheprogramme
and the games (if there arc any) willingly.

The success ofa part.ys

Later on, let your host know - hould be 1neasured by the
eithe r pe.rsonall y or in writing - how goodwill and friendship it
much you enjoyed the party.
. creates. Be youa host or a
guest, do all you can to boost
it.
( Things to do : )

• Group \\ ork
(I) Form groups of 5. 8. Then make pairsof groups. Decide which group will be hosts
and which wiU be guests. Arrange mock parties in theclassroomso that the
roles of hosts and guests con actuallybe playedout.
(2) Loter on, hold g roupwise discuss ions on how your party we nt Make lists of the tips
you followed and those you forgot to

..................
follow.

® l ln11J
· .................................. 20. OnJy O n e Mother · ...................................

Hundreds ofs1ars
in lhc pretty S 'Y,
Hundreds of sheIIs
on thoshore Loye lher,

Hundr eds of birds

Lh ol go singing by,
1-lunclred!t of lambs
in the sunrty weather.

Hundreds of dewdrops
Lo gn.'-Ol the dawn.
Hundreds of bees
in lhc purple clover,
H und reds of buucrtlics
on the la wn,
But onl y one mnther
Lhe wide world over.

( T hings 10 do : )

I. :\lake a Urt of' llu•. rhyming ,\:orcbin the pocoL

Add onc more rhrming word uryour own to eoc-h pair.

2. \ \ ritl? .s.om.e mo:re e xpressions like •hundreds or\ E.xparul coch u:p rcss i.nn
Example, "Hundreds ofchildren in the sc.hool'.
3. An ,, er tl tt" roJlo\\i ng questions.
( I) \\1ha t exa mples of plentyful 1hings does tl1c poet give?
(2) Why does tl1e poei say tha t lhedewdrops greet the dawn?
(3) Do you agree with the poet's thoughts? Why?

4. \\ rite ,1 letter 10 any oneof' the following co tt ll

them how murh you oppreciure them.
* Your mother * Your father * Any one of your re lOLives * Yourteacher
l ln at 3............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ®
• ....................... 21. ·rh e .Jo urney to the ( , re.at O z • .......................

Tiu ff'i:ortl o/'O:i. O\H.'II-J..1. 10 1, ii /Ont.a.fl' or, hildrt.' .fl f hk raturt . /1 tell., lht• .,I m')
of Durot/J_l \\/Jo,:" 1dnsk,d II uh her dof} Toco. /ly tht!<:\ clam· 1'J th1 ,,ond, /i1/ fattd o(
01. Tllll't.' .,!,._, me,!/,. rhe Tiu JJ'om/J11u1t uho w.•. t/, a heal'/ lh.:! S,:al'ec:rn w H'ho IIL't:J.,
bram.,. c.mJ the c:m 1"urd fr lion i,/u,Ue<!d" bra1·er1· Ther u// 1rom to ., t11.•the: Wi:ard of
0 : , 1Jw on i•p er .\ oll h/Jo ,:un hdp them. II,•, \ un c.JcCIJlllll ,!fdtlal/ '?ltlt,•ir /ou w
,•1• to the Em1:;-u/J Citi • orD= ,,lu•n· the: Wi:a,d lih ' \ , R,,,cJJ 1 /u.• Wi:wd o/ 0: to /iJrd
ma 11hat lu.1pp,•n., tu•.w
The U'i:ar Jn. /0: ll'af ortlft'n lw. L.vmanFran!.. Baun; 1 /85t,- / 9 / 9J . H1.•ha. 1lr im .11
nrony mlu•r hook\ about 0: 71,is d a,sic nrn,:.I ,, a, a/\0 madt Imo a mol'le.

This wos to be on e ventful day for
the travellers. They hod hardly been
walking on hour when they sow before
them o grcut ditch that crossed the road
ond divided the forest OS for OS they
could see on either side. It was a very
wide dit,ch and when they crept up ta
the edge 011d loo ked into it they could
sec it wos a lso very deep.and tbcrt
were many big, jugged rocks at the
bo11om. The sides wereso steepthat
noncofthem could climb down, ond for
a moment it seemed thm their jotrrney
must end.
"\Vhot shall wedo'T' asked Dorothy
despairingly.
"I haven't tbe faintes t idco,"
said
tbc Tin \Voodmon , 011d tbc Lion shook
h,s shaggy mane ond looked thoughtful.
But the Scarecrow said,"Wecannot
fly, that is ce11o in. Neither can we climb
down ioro this great ditch.111croforc,
if we conom jump over ii, we must
stop where wearc...
" I think I could jump over i " said
theCowardly Lion, afier mcaswing the
distance carefully in his mind.
"Then we ore a ll right;· answered
the Scarecrow. "for you con curry us
all over on your bock. one ot o time.''
"\ I' ll try i " so id the Lion.
V,eil
"Who will go first?"
"
 " I will," decla red die Sca
recrow,
•'for, if you found 1h01 you could not
jump over the gulf, Dorothy would
be killed, or the Tin \\loodman bodly
dented on the rocks below. But if J am
on your back it will nol molter
somuch, for the foll would 1101 hurt
me 01oil."
"l om terribly afraid of falling,
myself," sa id the Cowardly Lion, " but
l suppose ,e re is nod1ing to do but try 1.his side, and it looked dork and
it. So geton my bock and we will gloomy.
make
the OIICmpt."
The Sca rec row sot upon die Lion's
bock. and the big beast walked to Lhc
edge of tbegulf and crouched down.
"\\lhy don' I you run and jump?"
asked the Scarecrow.
"Because 1h01 is n' t the way we
Lio ns do diese things," he replied.
Then giving o great spring, he shot
through the a ir and landed safely on
the other
s ide. Th ey were oil greatly pleased 10
sec how cosily he did it, and ofter Lhc
Scarecrow had 901down from his back
the Lion sprang across the ditc.h aga in.
Dorothy thought she would go next;
so she tookToto in heranns and
c.limbed o n the l ion's bock, holding tig
htly 10 his mane witb one hand. The
next momcat it see med as if she were
Oyi ng through
the air; and then, before she hod time to
think about it. she was safe on the other
s ide. The Lion went back o third
time
and got the Tin 11/oodmon, and 1.be n
they all sol down for o few moments to
givc Lhe boo...;t a chance to rest, for his
g reat lea ps hod mode his breath short,
and he panted like o big dog 1h01 hos
been 11mning too long.
They found die forest very thick on
Akl r the Lion bod rested they started
along the rood of yellow bric, k silc
ntly wondering, each in his own
min, d if ever they would come 10 the
end of the woods and reach the bright
sunshine ag ain . To odd io their
discomfort. they soon heard strange
noises in the depths of the forest, and
tbc lion whispered 10 them dial it
was in this port of ,c country th01the
Kalidobs lived.
" Wbo1 ore tbe Kalidahs?" asked
die girl.
"They ore monstrous beas ts with
bodies like bears and heads like tigers,"
replied the Lion, " and with claws so
long and sba.rp 1.hot they cot1ld tear me
in two as cos ily as I could kill Toto.
I'm terribly afraid of the Kolidahs."
l lnat 3...................................................................................................................................................................................... @

·-rm noLsurpriscd U,01 you or<:,"
returned Dorothy. ''They must be
dreadful bCO$LS.''
·rhc Li o□ was about 10 reply
when sudde nly they come 10 another
gulf across the rood. Bui rhis one
was so brood and deep that the Lion
knew 01once he could not lea p ocro
s it.
Su they sot down io consider
what theyshould do, oad ofterserious
thought the Scarecrow sold:
..Herc .is o gre.at tree, standing
close10 U,cditch. ff the Tin Woodman
con chop it down. so Lbm it will foll
10 the 0U1cr side. we con walk across
it cosily."
"That is o first-rote idea." soitl
the Lion. "One would almost
su$pcc1 you hod brains in your
head, instead
of straw."
1hc Woodman set to work 01
once, and so sharp was h,s axe 1h01
thro ugh. Then U,e Lion put his s trong
front legs against the tree and pushed
with oil his might. and s lowly the big
tree tipped and foll with o crash across
the ditch, with its top branches on the
other side.
They hod just started 10 cross this
queer bridge when o sharp growl mode
them oil look up, and to their horror
theysaw running toward themtwo great
beosL with bodies like bears and heads
like tigers .
"They ore the Kolidohsl" sa id the
Cowardly Lion, beginning to tremble.
" Quick 1" c ried tho Scarecrow. ''Let
us cross over..,
So Dorothy wen! first. hold ing Toto
in heronns, U1cT i n \Voodmon followed,
and U1e Sco recrow come next.The Lion,
although he was certainly afraid, iumed
10 face the Kolidohs, and then he gave
so loud and terrible o roar that Dorothy
sc reamed and lhc Scarecrow fell over
backward, while even U1e fierce beasts
stopped short and looked at him in
surprise.
But. seeing they were bigge r than
tbe Lion, and remembering tbot there
were two of them and only one of him,
the Kolidahs aga in 111shcd forward,
and the Lion crossed over the tree and
1un1ed to sec wbm they would do nex1.
Without stopping on instant the fierce
beasts also began 10 cross the u-ec. And
the Lion said Lo Dorothy:
"\\le 01-e for they will sure ly
lo,st
the !rec wo. soon chopped nearly
54 tear us to pieces with their sharp cl aws.
ut stand close behind me, and I will
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l ln11 1
fight them as long as I om olive."
"\1/oiL a minute !" coiled Lh e
Sca recrow. He had been thinking what
was best 10 be dooe, and now he asked
tl,e \1/oodmon 10 chop away the end
of the tree 1h01 rested on their side of
the ditch. The Tin \\loodmon began 10
use his axe oL o nce, and, just as the
rwo
Kalidohs were nearly across, tltc tree
fell with a c.rash into tl, e gulf, carrying
the ugly, snarling brutes with it, and
both were <las hed to pieces on the sharp
rocks 01I.he bottom.
"11/ell," said the Cowardly Lion,
dra wing a lo ng breath of rcliel'. " I see
wearc going10 live a liule while longer,
ond I om glod of it, for it must be a very
uncomfortable tl1ing not 10 be olive.
Those creatures frightened me so
badly
Lhat my heart is booLing yet."
' 'Ah," said the Tin Woodmcm sa
dly, " I wish I hod a heart to beat"
This odvenltire made I.he tra velle rs
more anxious than ever to gel out of
the forest, and they wa lked so fas t tl101
Dorothy became tired, and had 10 ride
on the Lion's back. To their great joy
the trees become Lhi,mer the fortl,
er they advanced, and in the aftemoon
they suddenly came upon a brood river,
flowing s wiJlly j ust before them. On the
oLhe r side o f tl1e water they could see the
road of yellow brick running through a
beouriful co untry. with g reen meadows
doucd with bright flowers and all the
rood bordered with trees hanging full
of delicious fruits. They were greatly
pleased to sec this deligh tful count ry
be fore them.
- Fn.N11 · 111e W1:ar-d uf O: •
,,.L. FranJ: Baum
l ln at 3............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. @
 ( Things 10 do : }

I. Read the word.s. \\lrhe olJtrr word.., ,\hich hat e-1 hr s am e end i ng .

• even tful (· ful) • tra vellers (· ers) • despairingly( . ly) • carefu lly{· fully)
l. List the characters in th<.' stor andwriteo fewJines obouf eocb of lbc:m.
3. \.\ ri te in sho rt bow th.e travellers c1·ossedthe firsl ditch.

.1. \\ rite how the tro,cllers crossed the se-c-ond g ulf.

5 . \.\ hJch e\'(mts in the slory fell us th.at -

* the scar ecrow was intelligent * the lion was brave.

6. Acth·ities

(I) Im ag ine you are Dorothy and write about the doy"s events in 5-8 lines
in your (Dorothy' s) diary.

(2) Imagine you ore the lion and someone is interviewing you.
Write the a nswers to the following questions.

* \Vho were your companions on the way to Oz'!

* How did you take the others across theditch'! Were you afraid?

• Were you afraid of the Ka lidahs ? \Vhy did you decide to fight with them?

* \Vhar did it fee l like ofteryou were.out of Lite fore-st?

7. Language Study (S ec pages K"'-8K.)
(I) Read the following aloud and note the highlighted word.;. They are conjunctions.

"I am terribly afraid of falling, myself,"said theCowardly

Lion, " but I su ppose there is nothing lo do but try it. So g<el on my back onerwe will make the a
The Scarecrow sot upon the Lion' s bock . and the big beast walked to d1e edg,, of the gulf.a nd crou
''Why don' l you run and jumpr·asked lhe Scarecrow.

Because
1
that isn't the way we Lions do these things;•
be replied . Then giving a great spring, he shot through the air and landed safely on the other side

•••
® ..·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·... l ln 11 1
• •······························ 22 . A Book Re\i ew • •····································

.::
. .
. .. :
George's Secret Key to the Unive rse·

George's Dod lson ardent environmentalist. In fact,

both his parents ore convinced that modem inventions
of science and technology hove coused a 101of damage
on the eortli. They orecommiuetl to the cause
ofsovlng tbe ploncL They usea bicycle ins tcod of a
car.Thereiso booon TV and computers in d,cirhousc.
TI1cydon'1 buy things Iikc bread nnd biscuits . They
cot only vegetarian and bornecooked food. They even
use candles lo light the house to avoid using
electricity. Poor George has lo surfer a lot of jeering
oud iidicule from bis friend, because of oil this.
Actually. Geo rge doesn' t think that cilbcr the TV
or the computer is o bod thing. He has tried to tell his
parents thcu it's possible 10 save the earth using the
computers and the inrcmcl. But no! In their house,
there can't be ANY discussio□ on Ihm issue. George
always likes to know 'why'. But who is to answer his
questions '/ His parents think that he is still too young to
uadcrstond global issues.
One doy. however, Ge.orge unexpectedly acquires
o new friend ond next door neighbour - Ann.ie. Annie' s
fotl,er E:r ic is a brill ia nt scientist and ever willing to
answer oil of George's questions. Eric hos built a super
super intelligent computer named Ooslllos. Cosmos has
incredible powers. h coa Literally o pe□ windows o□ the
universe ond toke you LO ony pla ne sta r, comet and
even to a block hole ! And of course Cosmos con also
bring you bock from there. However, Cosmos depends
entirely on tbe infonnotlon that ls fed into it by people

l lnat 3...................................................................................................................................................................................... @
like Eric who do Lhe research and
thinking that con make Cosmos work.
Science con be used for a good
cause and o groupof good scientists
like Eric hove vowed 10 use it for
people's welfare. Unfortunately,
Lhere is one
odd angry scicntisl who wonts to use
sc ience for his own selfish mOLives. He
is planning to s teal Cosmos and oil of
Eric' s resea rc h so that he con
establish
his own rule on anoth(,r plane t.
It
so hoPl>Cns 1h01 only Oe.orge co n do
something to overcome the wicked
plans of the nasty scientist. If you wont
to kno w what adventures he underta
kes and what strategics he hos to use
10 sto p the powe r hungry scicn1,is1you
hove to read L1l c novel,' George's
Secret Ke y to the Universe' .
11,e author of this wonderful
ad ven ture is Lucy Hawking. The story
of Ll,c novel is imag ina ry but it a lso
includes plenty of chans, photographs,
boxes that give you hard facts about
our solar system, galaxies, space and
the whole universe. This
infonnotion
( Thing, to do: )
• Acti\'ity
Write a s hon book review of any one of your fovouritebooks.
Your review should includethe lb Jlo wing thin9-5.
• T itle of the book
* Name of the author/ authors
• Nome of the illtLs trotor 0( 11i st)
• The central idea of the book(what !he bookis about)
* The ilnportant characters in the book and what they do
• \Vho1 you like about the book
hos been prcsc.n1cd in a very simple,
easy to understand mann er by none
o ther Lhon S te phen Ha wking, who is
said 10 be one of the g reatest scientists
of our times. His achievemenst
arc all the more osw uoding os he is a
vic1jmof many physical a ilments. He
hos 10 use
a wheelchair to move about and usts a
computerised voice system in order to
' speak'. The story ofS tephen
Hawking's triumph over his physica l
disa bilities is i1sclfan ins piring
adventure.
The book includcs very attractive
and expressive sketches drown by
Garry Parsons.
It i:s tsue thm the excessive use of
science and technology con give rise
to certain problems. Bul tuming
away from technology is not the solutio
n. That is why the Howkiogs hove given
on importanl mcssogl.! in this
book
- More rese.orch.. more srudie-.s and o
commitment 10 use them not for sellisb
gains but for the welfore of the entire
livi119 worl d!
 * Why you want others to read the book/ whatyou loom from che book

@ ...............................................,.. _...l l n 11J

• •··············
··············23. Write your O\\ n Poem • •························

• 11/ritc a set of rhyming words. Make

sentences or meaningful phrases in wbich
the rhyming words appear at the end.
Arrange the sentences or phrases in the
fonn of a poem.
as w,..11·/t e assno..,
aw
• Think of somctli ing that you like very much.
Cu d
SOft r,'[l w

Describe it in as much detail as you can, v)

stressing tl,c part you like best. Make use of · '0 J flop
suita ble adjectives, adverb s or comparisons. leap
Arrange the lines one belo w the other in tl,e
fonn of a poem.

COol oreeze ftilBranee

• Observe th ings your surroundings
m short but good
ca refolly. 11/ritc
descriptions of what you see, hcor, s1ncll.,
feel, etc. Arrange your o bservations in
shor l lines wrilLCn one below the Olh er,
bright COiour s flO\Jlers 01oorn in the form of a poem.

• How do you feel when you ore

very happy or very angry or Wtiy.....
vc.ry sad ? What do you soy to How COUid 1...
yourself on these occasions? Try
Never will }.....
10 write it down and arrange it
in tl1c fom, of o poem.

Some ideas a n.- su9gcs1;:,d h er .-:: Ill cncourogc and mo1lvotc tbc- si ud l.'nts 10 writ, , oruy.
Tbc 1'-"0Chcr s ho o ld d isc uss tads idea iA 1he class and tr )' 10 dc\'elop o potm tbrouglt o
collt'Cli,.·c .:-t'f""u1r . 1ll1n: . children should be gh·cn enou{lh tilllC! Jll llw clOSS'l'OOIU itsel f 10 wri te 1hci1
own poem. Thti l.'Xtrei s:.'.'. con 00 n-1>eo1ed at regulor imervals for M>mc 1imc. Enoouto9 I.he e hil clrtn 10

l lnat 3.............................................................................................................................................................................. @
 24. Senses Alert • •···············"··....................
Looi, ut the ph ol oy ra pbs on
poge, 60-61 c ur ('ftdly und lmuginc
Ihe t'ollo" iug :

• The colours, shap?e size, octioo.s,

etc.of what you sec in the pic rure.

• The sound / sounds you may hear

at the scene of the photograph.

• How the different things, birds,

animals. etc. in d1e picture Jed
10 t he touch.

• The smell / smells you may

smell 01 the scene of Lh e
picture.

• The 1as1c of what you sec in the

piclure.

Jo sh ort. le t ) our im oginut iun

include oil your fh e ouses.
Now. writ• short descriptions
of any 8- 10 of your choice.
R<'mcmber 10 mokt u ._. of
Thephotograph ) our sc-uscs (out or uwre !) \-\'h<•.u
shows o t iny.
block kitten , ) ou dc,crlb(' o 11hotogro pb. You
r-t ls looking "ill llud llir folln" ing "ords ond
ot something
carefully. It is
phro...4iel't lt:!le fu l. \'ou m O) ul!tO u t
very soft It is uther "'ords ) ou knol\ .
not makingany

®................................................... l ln11J
• \\
1
1101 ) ou see cun be :
- big, small, tin, huge, dim,
y brig,ht
Coi a t, dork, block, white, ora nge,
green, blue, red, yellow, ...
round, square, rectangula r, zigz ag,
s tra ig ht, crooked, ..., colourful,
beautiful. love ly, wonderful, etc.
- It co uld be silting, wa iting, wa lking,
going, nying, swinging, shining, etc.

• lb• sound / soumh muy be :

- sweet, loud. soft, harsh, shrill, etc.
Tbc sound con be o screech, o crash,
o hon, k o whisper, o sigh, o scream,
o noise, elc.

• ru the touch thing, cou be :

hot. wor, cool, son. har,d
co,ld m
smoot.h. , ftrm, rough.wet, dry, stick y,
slimy elc. 1

• rhings: 1110) smclJ :

nic,e sweet, good. bod, foul. etc.
It could be o strong / fresh / delicious
/ pleasant smell.
Th.e pbotogrcph shows on inceMe stiburning TheSfl)Oke i
- T he smell con be a scenL. on aroma ond curf ing The sweet
(a good smell). o frag rance (o good /rogronceof Champa flowers spreads.It makes me. happy.
s mell), on odour. o stink (a foul
s mell). CIC.
• Tbiuys utU) taste :
sweet, sour. bitter,salty, nice, eLc .
you co uld co ll things cool, juicy,
crunchy, ywnmy, tasty, etc.
l lnat 3...................................................................................................................................................................................... @
 ···•··················· 2 5 . T h e Mon in the J\!l o o n . •···················•.. .....

The Mon in the Moon as he sa ils the sky Is a very remarkable skipper.
But he mode a mistake when he tried lO lake A drink of milk fro m the Dipper.
He dippe d rig ht out of the Milky \Va y, And s low ly and carefully lil ied it.
The Big Bear growled, and the Little Bear howled
And fright L•ncd h im so that he s pilled il !

( Tbh1gs to do : } .............................................

I. R eod 1he foll ow i ng.

• S kipper : cap tain of a ship or boat. • Dipper : This word has two meanings.
Dipper means a contai ner for laking out water. Also. there ore two constellations
coiled Little Dipper (Litde Bea r) ond Big Dipper (Big Beor) in the sky.
• Milky Way : The band of light cons isting of stars that s preads across the sky at
night.
2. Answer ihe follo"ingque,;Cio ns.
( I ) What mistake did the man in the moonmake?
(2) \Vhot did he try to la ke the milk from ?
(3) Why did he spill the milk ?

J. l{ l'<ld tbt fo llon ing ond soy n hether thr stotcme llli ld l you about l'otti
or " bc-th er they ore imaginary·.
• There is a man in the Moon. • The <lo o nsoils ac ross t.he sl'--y.
• T h e milky way contains milk. • You can fill the Dipper in the sky with milk.
• The Big Boor in t.he sky can grO\vl. • There are a numberof stars in tJ1e sky.

®
····································································································· ·n··u······················
. .................................. 26. \ Voter in the \ VeU . ................................
Whal a farmer needs most for bis
fields is a good source of water. f<as im
bod his eye on o well Lhot was jusL
oucs ide chc boundary of his fie ld. But
Ahmad, che man who owned the well,
was a cra fty old mon. He wouldn' t allow
anyone to dra w water from his well.
He told Kasirn, " Why do you co me 10
me again and aga in to beg for access
to my well '? l feel so,Ty to tum down
your request every time. I hove a
suggestion
for you. Collect some money and buy
the whole well from me."
Kosim Lho ught a ver the s
uggestion and liked it. He kne w Ahmad
would ask for a lot of money but he saw
in his mind'seye, channels of wate r
runniog from the well thro ugh his licld
and mode a decision . He took all his sa
vings to Ahmad and bought the well.
The next day, he went to the well
boppily and dug out a channel. Brn
whenhebegan LO draw wotcr, there
was
a surprise in sco re for him. Suddenly
Ahmad come forward and announc,ed
" What ore you doing, Kosim? Ho wdare
you touch the water in my pre.sencc ?"
"\Vhac do you mcon - bavcn' l you
sold this well co me?"
"Ah, I so ld the well a ll right. but
not the water in the well. The water
s till belongs to me. Yau can't use it. Jf
you needed the waccr alo ng wich the
well, you should hove said so. I bave
a suggestion far you. Pay far the water
separa tely ond use it. Ya u con buy
fre$h wa ter every <loy. I don't mind !"
Kasim was shocked to hear
Ahmad's argument. h was so unfoir,
so unjust ! He rushed to the Q02i ond
told him the whole s tory. The Q02i was
o wise man. He told Kos im to bring
Ahmad to bis court so dial he could
hear bothsides of the case.
Ahmad was summoned 10 the c.ourt.
The Qazi hea rd his a rgument
patiently.
 " M y Lord, I om so grotefol you
understood the fine pointsof U, is ca
se. Tbe wotcr docs indeedbelong 10
me."

" In 1h01case. Ahmad. why ore you

" H111111, I see that you ore li ght. \Vhot
yon hove sold is the well ,,u e water is
all yours. Isn't that so'?''
Kosim's heart sank, wben be
heard the Qozi 's words. A hmad in his
heart of hearts was overj oyed. He hod
never thought the Qaz i wo ul d side wi
th him.
( Things to do : } ·····································--·
keeping it in Kosim's well? You
hove no ri ght LO k eep your belongings
in
his property. You must remove them
immediately. Or else, you con pay a
do i ly ren t 10 K asim. Then he will
allow you to use his well."
Ahmad wasso confused 1h01he did
not know whot 10 soy. All the people
present in Lhe court began10 lau gh.
But Kasim'\vos a genc.rou. man.
He never troubl ed Ahmad for ihe' rent'
thOI was due fromhim.
•••
-

1. Pind o word that bos a.similar 111l'<lllin g .

* so rry * whole * happily * unfair * remove.

2. Answer the follm\Ting qu.cstions .

( I) What does a farmer need most for bis fields?
(2) Where was the well situaied?
(3) \Vhal d id Ahmad tell Kasim when heduga channel and began to draw waler?
(4) What did theJudge tell Ahmad?
(5) How do wecome to know thatKasim was a generous man'!

3. Pind the tnl'Olling of t he following pbrmes and use them in your own s<mtenccs.
* ogoinandogain • thoughtover * in his mind'seye • in store for....
* (his/her) heart sank * heart of hearts

-1. G roup \ \ ·ork

Fom1 groups of 5•8. ln each group. rewrite the story in the form of a play.
Prese nt scenes from your ploy in the classroom .
@.............................................................. Unu
• .. ... .... .... .. ... ... ..... .. 2 7. The Legend of Marathon • .... ... .... .... .- ..... .... .

The 'm ara th o n ' is a sporti119 eve/II. It is a rwmin g race <?f about 42 kilometres.
The word ·marathon· also meaus 'a 1a·\k or ei·em 1/Jat /a'ils a long rime and requires
a /01 of effort and patience·.
The firs, marathon race was organized 01 the time of the first Olympic Games
which were held in Greece. The n,(JJ' OJhon ltl a \' st an ed i.11 the memm y of a h•gendary
Greek hero. Plwidippide.t, who had can·ied 011 impon am message from rhe ba11le
of A1arathou to Atlums. Gi l'en below is, he s1ory of /tis famous n m from i\
1aro1/um
ro Athcu.s. We do nor kno, u whether 1/Je s1ory if hi storic all y acc urat e, but il ha
inspired many generations of sportsmen.

About two Lhou sand and five
bundredyearsago, Persi a was o
mighL)' k ingdom . T hei r l arg e arm y bad
landed in the bay nc.ar the town of M
arothon. Their torget was Athens, a ci
Ly state in Greece. Athens had a
small army compared to the Persi an
one. But the
Athenian soldiers were very brave.
They had foced Lhe Per sians before,
but they needed help from other Greek
k ingdoms now.They deci ded t<> send a
special messenger 10 the neighbouring
kingdom of Sparta. His name was
Pheidippi des.
Pheidippides was o young man
who served as a ' day-long runner'.
He ran
10 Sparta like the wind. He covcn.>d Lhe
di stance of nearly o hundrc.d
kilometres
in a day. But alas! The1>Cople of
Sparta were busy wilh some
ceremonies. They did nol walll 10
join tlte bo11le
i mm ediately. Pheidippidcs rook this
message back 10 Athens with a heavy
heart, but on li ghL fee t. Again, he ron a
hundred ki lometres wiLh in a day.
\1/hen the G enerals of Athens heard
the cold Spart an response, they did
not lose heo,1. T hey were ready 10
fight on their own. The Persian army
was watching A thens like a cat
watches a mousehole. So, they decided
LO l aunch
o surprise attack on the Per sians. The
Atheni an Generals sent their flanks
round the Persian forces Iikc speeding
0 1T0 \1,1s and began to drow them in.
The Persians were not ready for battle.
Even they were skill ed Athenian arrny would toke very long 10
s, o archers.
They showered o.rrows on the soldi ers travel back to Athenson foOI, with their
of AUi ens. Bui 1he on·ows simply fell heavy cmn our and weapons. Seeing U1c
off
!heir and strong a,m ours. Persians, the defenceless people in the
helmest Also.
the Atheni ans knew their seashore wasmuch
well. 1"he Persi ans were new to the
terrain. Many of them were kill ed.
Many more were inj ured. Some of
U1cm were l ost in the marshy areas.
The brave Atheni ans drove bock
very siuglc remaining Persian soldi
er back to their ships anchored in the
boy. The batlle was
over wiLh in a few housr.
The boule was over but
U1ePersians did not accept defeat.
They sow that the entire onny of
Athens had rushed 10 the seashore, !
coving the ci ty of Athens Jar beh ind .
On ly the aged people, women and
children were left in the ci ty. The
Pers1ansnow devised o new plan.
The
sea-routeto the city of AU1cns
city of AU1ens would think that
Athens had lost theboll le.
Thenii would be easy for the
Persians to toke over Lhe city.
The A thenian Generals
too, W(>rc good s1rotcgi s1s.
When they sow the Pcrsioo
Occt leave in a hurry, lhcy
und erstood the Persian pion. They resol ved
10 go bock to Athens as lost as
shorter 01011 the land r n, e Persi
ornc·. ans
decided10Lak e thesca-rou1e and
pounce upon Athens from the seaside.
The
possible to defend i1. B ui, it was very
necessary 10 leL 1hc peop le of Athens
know thOI they had won. Then they
would not open, U e city 901es 10 1he
Persi ans. They would wa it for the
vic1orious AU1eni an orrny to rel\trn.
The city would be safe. \Vho would
tokeIhis message to th em'! The
message.must be delivered before the
Persians reached
there. Who would travel faster than the
· Persian ships and that too, on o longer
route? \1/ho elsebut Phei dippides !

@.............................................................. Unu
 Pheidipp ides had a lread y co was successful in his mission. He hod
mpleted a run of more than two reod1edbefore the Persia ns.
hundred kilometres just Lhe day before.
But he. was a brave young man. He The people of Athens threw open
would do aoytbing for bis State. Also, the gates to Phcidippidcs.
I.his time he was 10carry o happy " What happened, Phcid ipp idcs'! Do
message. . d , ,,
you br mg goo news or. .. •
It was not easy for Pbeidi ppides to " Yes ' Yes ! Joy to you! \Ve won!
reach Athens sooner than tbe Persia ns We won!" Assoon as Pheidipp ides hod
did. That is why, this time, he le.ft the delivered this message, he co lla psed -
usual safe route and chose a nother one never to rise aga in. He hod laid down
1h01 passed through clifTsand mourilo ins his life in the service of Athens.
b'ul was much shorte.r
The story or Phcidippides has
Phcidippidcs scaled the first steep inspired the people or Greece for
cliff and picked up speed. He hod to many centuries. His bisLoric nm from
run more than forty kilometres. It was Mormbon to Athens become o lege nd.
very hot. He began to ixrspire. There
were some shady olivcLrces:on IVhcu the Olympic Gomes were
oneside o f tbe road. But Pheidipp ides started in Gree.:e, this legendary event
co uldn' t wait, couldn' t rest. He just roo was commemorated in it in the form
on and on. His heart began to beat faster, of the sporting event, the marathon.
he became weak with hunger and Today, maroLhonsorc arranged
Lhirst, b ut he didn' ts top. inmany co umries. \\ hen you sec one,
or when you ore old enough to toke
At lost, Pheidippides come witbin port in one, remembrethe first
s ight of the city-go,tes of Athens! marathon runner.
He

( Things 10 d-0: )--- - - - - - - - - - ················.·.······················································································

I. S h o w t h e maj or L'\.ents in the story of Pheidippidc-J on o •tim e- line'.

2. Artivitic
( I} Prepareand present a short speech on the followin.g
• An inspiring incident in the life ofa gre.at lea der.
• How I accompilshed a difficult task.

(2) Write a short essay on the following.

* My favourite spo11.s event.
• \Vhal I would Jike to do for my country.

•••
. ·············••H•··· ······ ·...· 28 . A U o.l>o11tMo11ey • •············.......... ..... .... .... .. .

\ Ve o il occdmoney 10 buy things ond 10 pay people who work for us.
Bt11 what is ' money' ?
\ Vho in vented' money' ?
Today, we sec money in L1l c
form of coins and notes.

C u rre ncy : Cas h Money

coins

a tivc--rupoe
•
fifiy- paisc note 0 l t". n · fU l) CC
COlll
note

twen fil\y
ty rupees

a hund.rcd-rupc- fivehundred
a c rup<:cs
live-rupee coin
a 1housand-rupcc
not e
a
tc-n-rupcc
co in

These ore1be coins and notes we use in India.

Bui di fte rc at countries use diJfcrcnt coins ond notes. l t..
Their money is known by diffcrcnt names. l/.
- - - - - - - ,", ,
-. ,-- , . '\
--.,..-- -r.,t..- _.-- -l
,r

>

--- ,, tJ,
.,,. 0 ',
 ""--=- !: Ji
@.................................................................... Unu
 Ja the United States, they use@dollars.
Ja England, they use© poun.ds \ 'i•\
l:l'ut lo n, g long ago, people did not use coins and notes.
Tiley exchanged one thing for another.
This was known as' barter' .
11may seem unbelievable, but long ago
people even used specia l stones os
money!
Lmoginc how dinicult it must hove been
lo carry this money!
People also used bricks of sa lt, she lls and
cowries as money in lhcpasl.
They gave gro,in form produce, coule, goa ts,
' chickens, etc. in return for tbings like .,fR
' clo tl1es, tools and impk mcn1s or s wages.
f hea they began 10 use bits of pre, c ous metals
like gold. siIver and copper as money. 1'{
It wo. co. ic r to carry this money a round.
Poper money was lirst used in Chino I
about I000 years ago.
Poper money or notes have no value

.(I)
oflheirown, but a note is a ' promise'
to give that much money.
These notes are printed by the govemmenL No one else is allowed to print notes.
You must use your money carefully.
You should not write on the noLcsor tear or-' di>
'Q , .,
,,,,,,
·-g
c rump le the notes, or damage them in any way. -,
You s bould olso be corcful when you spend money. @..,
Peole have Lo work hard 10 com money !
•••
( Thi ngs codo : } ......

1. \ \'r it r o shor t nott• on ·monc( .

2. Look <11 the dia gra m on pa ge (,8 . II is c.,:dl cd a t rec dingrorn because it hos
·brunches'. :\ o,'" read lhl' t'ollm,i-ng and d rm , o lrec diagrmn to show this
informntion.

Find more topics from in

Things your Environmental
our surroundingsSntdies
fonn ortwo
Mathematics
groups - texlbooks for
drawing tree diagrams. Draw and label the diagrams.
living tl1ings and non-living things. Living things are of
3. Moke meoning(ul
two kinds,entence" fromanimals.
plantsand the t'ol1o, , ing ta
There areble.two types of
plants - flowering plants and non-flowering plants. If we
consider animals, we see that some animals lay eggs.
She was Liretl she limshetl her homework.
They are oviparous
Sbc wonted 10 buyo cor animals. Some
she hodanimals give birtl1 to 111e
no money.
He wosir angry he did DOL
y ou n g o n es . They are viviparous figl1t.
animals.
but
he didnot copy bisfriend's
He did not know the an wcr 0 0$\.Vf!'r.
TI1cy did not hove money they Iivcd hoppily.
He did no1 reod the book he knew the story.

Now try joining the sentences in the two columns usi ng (J) and. (2 ) beca use..

4. Ask ·nur parenL'i or o•her grown ups to show you some us.cd notf,j, Obsen 't':
them carefully. HO\•e t hey been used properly? \Vrite your ohscr,1otious .

5 . \.\ ritr an autobjugnIJ>h J' of a thousand...n rpee note. (8· 10 lines . )

•••
@.............................................................. Unu
· ,...................... .................... 29. r'\_ Lark · ,..........................................

Lark-bird, la rk-bi rd, $Oaring high,

Arc you never weary7
When you reach the empty sky Are the clouds not dreary ?
Don't you sometimes long 10 be
A silent goldfish in Lite sea ?

Goldfish, goldfish, diving deep, Are you never sod, soy'I

When you Jcel the cold waves creep Are you really glad. soy'/
Don't you sometimes long 10 sing
And be o lark-bird on the wing'I
- Ltttrrf!l'JN' .Jlm Tad1t1ftu

( Things 10 d-0: }

I. Guess the meaning of -

* weary • dreary • on t..he . wing.
2. An.swf!r the following c1uestioos.
(I) \Vri1e wha1Llte lar k does.
(2) \Vri1e what Llte g ol dfishdoes.
(3) What does the. poet wam toknow from the lark?
(4) \Vhatdoes Llte poet wam 10 know from die go ldfish?
J. ll•dtc lh• poem.
4. Do ·o u lonq to be something els" ? \ \•r it e o b oul y our long ing.
U n j1

@....
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.................
• •·········.. .. ....................
Hoveyou seenor used o The info,m otion
computre? Computers hove brought
about many changes in the way we do
things. One of the most a mazing
feature. of the computer world is the
Internet or the Ne t.
A networkis a system of lubes,
wires roods, etc. whichoreall
connected to eachoLh er. 11,c mlcn\cl
or the 1H.·t L u
uctwor ofcomputer.<. Jt links thousa nds
of computers or smalle r networks of
computers with one another. It is so
large that millions of people around the
world con useii a t theso.me Li me.
The inte rnet make. it possible
for computer use rs to get or send
info,m otion very quickly. All you
hove 10 do is 10 Jog o, n that is, give
instructions to your computer to start
using the in ternet.T hen you may seeon
the net, all the information you need.
The infonno tion may be in the form of
text, pictures, movingimages or even
so unds, s1>eeches or music. You con
also sendyour owninfonnationon the
ner.
Once you hove g0L1l e red or given
the inforn101io n on the internet, you
con log off, that is, give instr uctions 10
your computer to get disconnected from
the net.
The internet is Iike an ocean of
infonnotion. You may wonderhowone
con find tiny bits of infom.101 io n in this
ocea, n but it is not 01oil dirlicult.
..... 3 0 . Be o Ne tizen • .......................................
on
the oet is stored and mode
ovoiloble in a systematic
way on websites. Website!\
urc plutes on th:: nt·t Each
webstie has i ts own
address. Using this a
ddress, you con visil o
wc.bsi tc. that is, you con
read or view the infonnotion
stored on it. The thou!\OHJS of \\
-
o'cbsitc!-o un thL" ncl together
fom1 Ll1c \Vorl<l
\Vi<lc \Vcb (\\I\V\\I)
There ore special
computer programs known
as seo rc b engines which
help you to find the different
website. on the \\lorl<l Wide
\\leb. Jf you type the. word
or subject on which
you wont information,the
search engine showson
your screen, a lis tof
websites that hove the
infom,otion. You co a then go
to 1bo1website. Looking at the
various websites is kno,,vn
os browsing or surfing the
net.
A website is like o book
or mag02inc. but you cannot
make changes io a book ooce
i1 is printed. II is possible to
change the text or pictures
□
on a website as rnony
times as you like. So, ma
kers of
the e con ' update' webstie.
websit a

® ················································································································· Untt4
 Wbile your computer is connected oncomput,:rs
1s kno\vn as c mail or ckdronic
lo the inte rnet, you ore ·onlinc'.
4

mo..il.
Yot1 con do many things onlinc like
reading, wmchiog o movie. listening
lO songs
or even chouing and playing computer
games with otbcr people who ore
·onlinc' in any port of the world at !hot
time. \Vhcn you ore not connected 10 the
net, you arc ·o nl inc.'.

Somet imes, you gather a lot o r

infom, mion on the net which you wont
10 read or use later. What do you do,
then? You ca n make a ' copy' of the
rcx1
or picturesor movies on your computer
oad store it there. In 01h. er words,
you downlood the information on your
computer and then use it any time you
like.
To send infonnation on the net,
you first need 10 get it ready on your
comprnc:r in tl1c way you want it on
the net. You need o website 10 display
the
iaformotioaon L.he net.
You ca n also get your own pcrsoaal
address on the net. You con receivc
messages on ihis address and also
send them. 1111s sy,1cm ol scndi119 ond
rCCcl\ i119 me Oi:JC:-.or ma i l
 An e-mail addres_ is s lcuers and/ or numbers.

□
hort and unique. No two e- lhc computer will allow
moiI add resses ore the o person 10 use or see the
some. \\lith L1l c address . occount only when the
you get on account on the person types the correct
net. Your accow1L is like password!
your owa letter box on People who live in a
Ll,e ne t.The onlydifference
city arc ci Lize ns. People
is !hot you con use this leuer wbo use t.h e net are
box not only for receiving necizc ns. \Vould you like
moil but also for sending it. 10 be a netizen?
\\/hen you grow
up, you con get your own
C•maiI account.
You con lock this '
leuer box' by us ing a
password. A password is a
sccrcl word or groupof I
u,uc ........................................................................................................... @

□
( TIiings 10 do : } .......

I. Lis lhcwords or phrases related with compo1rr or rhe lntl.Tn et .

2. Answer 1h" t'ollo\\ing questions in one sentence eorh.

(I) Ha veyou ever se.en or u. a computer?
(2) \Vhat is the' Internet' '!
(3) What is a website?
(4) What is tlte world wide web?
(5) \Vhat are search engines?
(6) What is mea nt by browsing or surfing?
(7) What is meont by being 'oaline' ?
(8) What is meonl by being 'offline·?
(9) What is ·e ma il' or eleca·onic ma il?
( I0) What is o password?
( 11) Who is o ' netizen' ?
( 12 ) Would you like to be o netizen?

3. Drow o di.ngram to explain the idea ot'lnt rnct

-t find o picturr of o conipucer wi.th the helpof your roo.cher

and Jahel rhe different ports)OU see.
for t•x.umple. monitor, screen, s peakers, processo r, mouse, motLc;.ep a d , k eybo a rd e tc .

5 . Li st oU the ptJir.s of ontunrms you fi nd in t he passag e.

(,. \\ \\i\\i isashort form or \\ o r ld Wide Web.

Find ten o the r sho rt fom1srelated to JCT(Jnfor m o tionand Communica tionTechnology).

7. Choose a word th.oJ hosol least fo ur lctten in fl.

Imagine thot It iso short form. \\lrilt• th nome/ phrmr / words It -;to nds for.
fnr exa mp le, STEP: Sunday and Thursday Eve ning Progra mmes.

* * :I:

® ····································································································· u· nu
. ........... ........ .... 3l. Give your Mind o \.Vorko ut ! . .......................
The proverb 'A sound mind io a sound body' simply means Lhot
one's body and mind should both be kept fi t and healthy. We need a
healthy diet and proper exercise to keep our body fit. \Vhot do we do 10
exercise our mind? The answer is quile simple. J usl as we ' work out'
or ploy games for physica l exercise. we con use puzzles,riddles,
board games, jokes, etc. 10 exercise our mind. Let us look 01 some in
teresting examp les of games. puzzles. riddle$ and fun facts.

Nine Men·s !\it or r is

• •
This yomc is pla yed with lwo µ •
pluycr!). Each ployt rhas nine picecs.
t ◄
oac.sctbla ck, one set ,vhitc . You moy
simply draw the board o:. sho"
•
vn alongside and use buu ons.
beads.
seeds. etc. as pi ccs. The players
...
wkc lums lo place their pk'.ccs (men)
in 1hc cmpty Sp(>L . onc a t a time. If
you ore able to ploce Lhn..-t· m,·n' i.n
u row or column. you form a' mill'.
·.I
Then you COil remove one of your
M ill ~
oppol'lcnt·s men. Youconno1 rt:mO\ c
men in your opponent"s nulli
...
unlcS!' hc:l s hc hos JU) other men left
on the board.

Once you have placed oil your

men oa t.hc boor<l, you t·on start
movmg Lht.·m only Lo on udjoc1.:nl
empty spot.

If you hove only Lhrce m,·11 kit If <l player hos les, than three
Lhty con ·fly'.Lhat i s, Lhcy con mt)vc m,:n left. or i unable lo mokt· o
Luany vat'Ont spol on the:: boa rd . movl..', he / s h.,; lo!St!$ the game!

Find out hO\\' to ployothet sinlJ>let game.,l ike •1ic-1oc-toe', "dOLsand boxes', ere. ao
0'7'. l) \\I O boo.rd go.mes.
)( }' 0
0
 A Jo the .mayic Tr ick :
Toke any tlm;e dlg it number in
which the lirst and 11,e lo s t d igiL
differ by two or more. For cxomplc.
145 .
\1/ritt.' lht.!' number m reverse
orde r, whic h b 541.
Now subtroot the smaller of the
two number!'> from tl1c bigger one.
(541-145) No mailer which 1hrcc-d1git
number you sta rt with. the rcsull
T he difference ,s 396.
is always I 089 !
Now reverse this numbt.r. you
get 693. Tr}' this uick with your
Ad<l Lhcsc two numbers. friends or iomily lt'lcmbcrs and
surpnst: them by telling th..:
·1he result is I 0&9. answt:r yourself!

Find otllel' lric.ks wilh munbers with the help or your

p01'Cnts, teachers or from theioternet!

A Puzzle:
Pintu invitc'<l ten of bis friends ·xoq u1
'I ir'ldnJIIIJ·o:i;•11:o;,d;,111;,:,c,s01
for o bir thday pa rty. He hod 10 :,
(--wq "'41111l! d ;, q1 ,(tl'I$I Xl'IJ.)• !JJs•
t pu ;w :IIIIJl' -;1111()· ;
J OlHJ\! "' xoqllq l
pencils in a box. He gave each of :, .i:,6 "Mel· 11:111:io.t ;ri p tfll-¥, &xi.tv , : .:11111111utlfdx;, "' " "'

bis friends I
pencil as a gill. Af\er th,at there was ooc Fi nd more sttch puzzles/ ri ddles. fro
pencil in the box. How did that m
happen? Explain.

.Jo kes :
Teoche.r : Necno Aunty gaveyou
and your younger sister o guava and
asked ym, 10 shore it e qual ly. Ho w
much of the guava wil.l you get?
Anonyo : AU of it ! My younger
sister dOC$n' t like guavas.
Toorher : Souro v, tell Ille, who
makes changes in bis cnviro11me111'I
Sourov : Sorry, ,"1odom, but
I did1t'L do ODyLl1i119 !
Find other jokes teloted to your school
subje<1: from s.o11rces like mogo2i11es
, book,.;

@................................................................. U n u
• •···············... ·... ·.··········..·· 32. Hele11 Ke ller • •···············... ... ................ .

This is I.be s tory of a chiId who pull meant ' Come', ond a push, 'Go'.
become completely dea f and blind But of course sbe co uld soy very liulc
before she hod lcomt 10 ta lk. Because like this, ond she depended entirely
of her own courage on
and a lso 1h 0 1 of her other people. Yct Hele n
wonderful teacher had Oil active mind and o
she learned to talk cle ver brani , and
and write. She wos wanted
able 10 go 10 school 10 do and say c.vcrything
and 10 college and 10 ony other child would.
live o full and happy She used 10 get into
life. terrible tempers when she
Helen was bom could 1101 exp la in what
in 1880 in a small to she meant, or understand
wn in thesouthern what olhcrs woatcd.
U.S.A. At 18 months, Then when Hele n
when she was was nearly seven, Anne
beginning Sulliva n come 10 teach
10 talk. she suddenly become terribly
her and loo k ofter her.
ill and very nea rly died. When she This clever and devoted teacher
recovered she was completely deaf changed Hele n's life.
and blind.
Anne Sullivan herself had been
II is very difficult for a deaf child nearly blind and bod been 0 1 o school
10 lea rn 10 talk. Most babies lea rn by
for blind people. TI,ere, Anne SuIiivan
bearing other people ta lking. But the had lea rnt the lingerspelling
deaf child cannot hear anyone so how method.
can she know wha t talking sounds She felt sure tbot this was die only
like ? Many deaf people lea rn 10 way 10 talk 10 Helen and teach her 10
lip say what she wonted. Because Hele n
could not sec her making the signs,
rea, d ond they become very clever at she would spell lite. words onto her
understanding what other people ore pupil' s hand. He len bad become very
saying by wmcbing them. But Hele n se nsitive to the feel of things, much
could 1101 sec what other people were more scnsilive Lhan mosL ore.
peopel
doing. She remembered o few words sha ke her head for · No' , and nod
she hod known before she was ill, for for · Yes'. A
instance, she wenL o n calling
waler ' wao•waa'. Bul she hod lo
make signs for most things. She would
She could soon tell the difference Miss Sullivan gave Hele n a doll.
between the feel of one leller and and when she gave it she spelled the
another.
letters 0 -0 -L-L onto Helen's
hand. She did this with the nornes of
other things, such as C-A-K-E, and
M-U-G. Helen obediently spelled
them back; but she did not
understand what it oil meant, and she
soon grew bored and unhappy. She
would not try any more, and poor
Anne Sull ivan did not know what to
do next.
Then one day Miss Sullivan took
Helen outside 10 the water pump. As
the water spill ed into Helen's amg
and overflowed on ber hand, M iss
Sull ivan spelled W-A -T -E-R on her
other hand. Suddc.nly Helen's face lit
up. She understood that \V-A-T-E-R
was the name of thi s cold wet stu
ff, and it
come (o her in o flash 1h01 cv
erytliing
hos a aomc.
Touching her little sister, she
spelled B- A-B-Y, which was one
of the words Miss Sull ivan hod
shown her. All that day and for days
ofter, Helen darted from one thing to
the next demanding that Mi ss Sull ivan
should spell their names for her. She
become so excited she could hardly
control herself. At last words began
10 hove o meaning for ber. She then
lcomed lhe names of oclions as well
os things; SI T, STAND, RUN, \VALK;
and 1hca descriptions of d1ings and
actions HARD, SOFT, QUICKL Y,
SLO\VLY. From then on she was able
10 )cam os ony child does. Onl y, Helen
spelled words with her fingers insrcod
or saying Lhcm aloud. Al though she
mode noises, she sti11 could not talk.
Now thOL she bod s10,1ed10 learn,
Helen, with her quick brain and good
memory, learned very fast indc.ed.
She lcomed10 spell words incredibly
fast, and soon she and her beloved
teachercould hove long
conversations.
\\lherever they Miss Sull ivan
wen.t
described things to her and told her
who1 people were saying. Helen SO<)□
leamcd 10 wri te on a special frame
wi th ridges 10 keep the line s straight.
and, later she learned 10 type. She
began to read Braille books.
The next thing wos 10 lcam 10
talk aloud. For this she hod o special
1cochcrwho taught her how to move
her lips and tongue. Helen quickly
learned 10 talk also and 10 ' listen'
10 people speaking by pulling her
sensitive lingers on their lips and
throats. This meant that she could
IOlk wi th 1><:opl e who did not
know the ilngerspelling method, so
long os Lhey spoke distinctly. All this
was hard work, needing endles s
patienceby both pupil and teacher,
and long practice.
In time she could 1olk, read
and wri te and even lcornl to speak
@.............................................................. Unu
Fren ch and Geiman. Now Helen was Miss Sulliva n was with Helen oil
determined to go to university through her time at the university. In
ond toke a degree. Wben she was Ll,e end, this girl, who at seven hod
twenty, she sat for the entrance lived in o dork world, unable to hear.
examination or Radcliffe College, ooe or speak, won high university honours.
or the best colleges in America. ·n, e pa
Throughout her life, she helped
pers were
0 L1ler b li nd people 10 find courage. She
se t in Braille, and she typed her
tra velled o il over the world inspiring
answers. or course, she could not
everyone by her example.
read what she hod written. She bod
to toke a chance that she hod mode He le□ Keller lived to a ripe old
ao mistakes. She hod no difficulty in age of e ighty-eight. She passed owoy
passing the examination and entering in I 968 .
Radcliffe.

( T hing s todo: }

1. Ammer the following ques tions.

(I) How did Helen overcomeherhan dicaps?
(2) What part did Anne Sullivan play in Helen·s life?
(3) How did Helen Keller helpother blind people?
(4) Helen Keller's lifo is the srory of......
(a) a blind woman.
(b) courage, patience and struggle.
(c) a helpless, unfortunate girl.

2. Acti"ity
(I) \Vhot is meant by ·Honour thewhite cane'?
(2) Findout what' Braille' is.
(3) Find out the difference between lingerspelling method, sign language and Braille.

3. Com plete thl' following. [ \o mple : potienl - patie.nce.

• attend - - - - - -· • emer - ··----- *differ - ···- _
• •······································3·3··. Rongoli • ...........................................

Ra ngoli is one of tbc most bcm,tiful ond

most pleasing ort fonns of Indio. The word
RongoIi or Rongao woli consists of two
words,
•rang' meaning·colou'r ond 'aawa l.i' meaning
a row or vine. Rongoli is the 011 of making
designs or pa11c ms on the walls or die floor of
the house, using finely g round white powder
ond diffe rent colours. In many households,
Rongo li designs ore drown in the courtyard or
in front of the doorstepevery day.
The most interes ting feature of Rongoli is
that it is drown afresh every day. Just os you
clea nse and adorn yourself every day, you
clea n your houseand decorate it witl1o Ra
ngoli every day. On special occasions you wear
special clothes and ornament . Ln the some
way, special magnificent designs ore mode on
the occasio n of fcos1s and festiv als.
DeS"i g n a n d P a tt e rns
The traditional form of Rongoli makes use
of desig ns and motifs based on nature. such
as mango, creepers, loLUs and otJ-ler
flo,vcrs, swans, peacocks, lish and other
anima ls and so on. Rangoli designs a lso inc
lude geo metrica l pallc ms and sha pes.
Nowadays, other fancy designs and free hand
dra wings ore also used to make beautiful Ra
ngolis.
@.............................................................. Unu
 How II ls :\l ocJ
Usually, Rangoli lines ore made
using coarse groined powders such os
sand, marbledust, sow dust, orricegroin
powder os it provides o good giip while
making the stra ight or curving lines . It
is important 10 dra w unbroken line. of
even thic.kncss tomaintain thebeauty of
the design.The skill todo so comes with
a lo! of prac tice. The Rongoli con Lhcn Ronyo li in Different Slut ,
be left as o beautiful drawing or you can Rangoli art is known by different
Jill it with bright coloured powders. names in different ports or the country.
II is customary to prepare o special It is known as Chowkpurano in Uttor
background for Raogoli with Geru or Pradesh, Modono in Rojosthon, Muggu
wet red ochre so thot Lhc white design in Andhro Pradesh, and as Rongoli in
stands out very well. Also, usually, o Guja ra t, Komatoko and Maharas htra.
gricJ of rows and columns ofdots is used Eac h regio n hos itsspecial choroctcris
10 give a proper frame and shape to the. tic d es igns and patterns. In the norLl,crn
design. po11s of Indio, it is customary to make
Rongoli designs with traditiona l we t
Rangoll and Diwali
colours.
Rongoli occupies o specia l place In Bengal, Rongoli is known
in the festival of Dccpowali or Diwoli. as Alponoo whereas in Bihor and
Since the ort form is on expression of Uuoranchol itis named Aipanoo.Kolom
worm hospitality, it is used by almost is the name given 10 the art of Roogoli
cveryoac to decorate the courtyard in southern ports ofthc country, mainly
during the festival. ll signilics that the in the Sta tes ofK(,rola and Tamil
peoplecoming to Llic house ore welcome.
Nodu. Kolam designs ore made with
inside. the help of rice powder.
 Rungoli in the J\l' ode r n Du- i s :
Rongoli 011 has been used for
centmies 10 bcoutify many Indian
households. Previous ly, it was used
ma inly by women. Today both men
and women loom and practise this
art,
adding their innovat ive ideas to
the
traditiona l des igns and motifa. AL
the 1imc of public celebra tions, carpels
of RangoLi orespreadover la rge areas
and even long distances. Some people
use leaves and !lowers to make.
Rangolis which ore beautiful as well as
fragra nt.
\\lould you like to try your hand 0 1
this bcou1iful art form?

( Thb19S to do : } ----

1. Guess the meaning of the following words.

* plea.sing .. finely • mognific.e nt
* coarse grained * be.autify • fragrant
2. A nswer the foll<min g q ut>s tions.
( I) Whal does ' Rangaawoli' mean?
(2) Where is Rangi)li usually drO\vn'!
(3) \'Iha! is used Lo make Rang ol i designs?
(4) What are the common Rangoli designs or motif."?
(5) Whatdifferent names is ' Rangol'i kno\.\'Jl by in differem regions?

3. Muke a collection or Rongoli motifs and pattern).

\\ rit<.- about ooeb morif or p.ottern in yo ur own words -
it could jusc h<' a lab el or a dcs rription or. s o m e info rm ation o r a co m m e nt .

•••
@.............................................................. Unu
 - For the Tooche.r -
The • Language Study' pages contain o glossary or
cxplaootiOll of ce rtain 1cnns that ore used 10 talk
about
language. Theseexplanationsshould not be used os teaching
items or lb r eva lua tion. \Vhile ha nd ling the passage.
and
activities in Lhe textbooks, the teachers may refer to these
pages from Lime to time, and get tl1c s tudents 10 read the
relevant ports from tl1cse pages, along" 1th her. She should
alsoshow how 10 look up o particular word in these pages.
Someof thetermshovebeen introd uced 01the endof
some of the passages, with the he lp of q uestions like d1ose
given below. Thoseterms ho vebeenintroducedin a graded
manner. Once students become familiar with a term or
explonotian. the 1coch<-r may occasionally set s imilar
questions on other suitable possagc'S,for the purpose of
revisio n.
Some question rypes :
• Find nouns/ verbs from the pa rag raph given below.
• Read the underlined nouns/ verbs ond lind 3-5 other
nouns/ verbs rclmcd toeach.
• Write the singulor / plural form of L1l c noun given belo w.
• Use the correct noun/ verb form.
• E'ind Ll,e adjec tive/ adverb in Ll,e se nt ence.
• Use another adjec tive/ adverb in place of the underlined
one to change the meaning.
• Underline the p reposilionsfor1icles/ pronouns in the
paragraph given below.
• Rea d the se ntence and soy whethc.r it shows the pas
present or future 1cnsc.
• Rewrite the sentence correctly toshow some other
tense, e.g.. past _. fuiurc. past -.
present. present pas
present -;.. future.
• Co mplete the toble: Type 1 : slo w - slo wer - slowest
Type 2 : go - went - gone
adjective : o word 1h01 tells us or the way something is done. eg., Rea d
S<)mething more about a uouu or aloud . Stand straight. • degree,
pronoun. Examples : o small box ;
. fi'e.,lr mangoes ; L om sorry ; the
big,
br,1w11. wooden board.
To show 1h01 something or
someone has •more' ofa quality,
we use ·more' before the adjective,
cg., more i11tellige111, more JNgh<t111i
11g . lf
Llt e adjective is short, (with only one
or two syUa b lc-s i n it), we odd ' -er'
instead of using ' more', cg., big.
bigger, happy-Jw ppier.
To show thoL so methinylsomcoac
hos more or a quality !hon onything/
onyone else, we use ' most' before
longer adjectives ond odd ' -est' to the
shorter adjecLlvc. . Examples :
most illtellige11/, 11ws 1 frighte11i11g,
bigges1, happiest, softesl.
There ore many odj cLi ves
which end with : -ful (use ful). -less
(corc lcss), -a ble (washable).

adverb : a word 1h01 tells ussomething

more about • o ver b : He runs f as,.
She went aw . Thegirlsa ng swee1/y.
Suddenly, Lhc dogs s1ortcd
barking. She did 1101 smile. • an
adjective : The tea was too swt..---ct.
The lion was
,·e,y strong. • onother adverb : He
ran ve,y fast • o phrase or se
ntence
: lucki(y, be remembered the
answer.
Adverbs give us infonnation
aboul : • plac.e, eg., Come here,
Come in . • Lime,eg.. 1 sow a movie
yeste r,lay . Now.lneed a pen. •manner
 cg., The w01cr wa$ 100 hoL •
cause or reason, eg.. She was
tired and therefore unable to
study.
\Ve can use ·more
or'most' with some of' the
odverbs too, eg., Stiich 11w re
corefid(v. She stirchcd it most
corefi,l(y.
\ Veadd -er or -est toshort
odverbs like fost. Examples :
Who ran faster'?
\Vho ran fastesto fa ll ?
Many adverbs end with -(y.
alphabet : a set of letters used
for wnung U1e words in a
languQgc. Tile letters havea
fixed order in the alphabet.1ne
se tof letters we use for writing
English is a rranged from a 10
z. It is known as the Ro mon alpbabcl.
article : Tbewords 'a / an' and 'the' are
called a rticles. T hey ore used before
o noun.
'The' is known as the delinlte
ar ticle. JL shows that the noun ref<:rs
to a par ticula r examp le of
somell,ing,
cg., tam loo king for tire blue pea.
'Alon' is called tbc indefinite
ar ticle. IL shows that the noun
refers to a genera l exa mple o f
somethi11g, eg., J woni a pen.
Before nouns beginning with a
consnoant sound, we use --o• ;
an d before nounsbeginning with a
vowel sourtd. we use 'an'. We do
this both when we speak ond when
we write. Examples : a lio n , a
squirrel, but 011 0111, a,, e lepl,0 111.
The definite a11ic le ls a lways
 wrillen os ' tbe' . Bui wbcn we
speak, wepronounce itas
·bcforeconsonaal sounds and 're.'
before vowel so uads,
cy., 'i( lion but 're.' elephant.
conjunction : a wo rd that joins words,
phrases or sentences. For example,
and . or. but,because, if:
consonant : a speech sound like "(,
'<.', ' <1: , C IC. , whic b is DOI u vowel.
A conso nant letter is o le11cr that
representsa consonant sound, cg..
lhe consonant lencr ·c' ( ) stands for
the .
sound -n,· in •c,itv' and·' · in·come'.
The consonant le ltets we use
for writing English ore:
bctlf ghj kl m11pq rs Iv wx y=
dictionary : a book Ihm lists the words
ln a lang uage in olphabe1icol ord,er
and expla ins 1.hd r meaning, use,
pronunciation, etc.
enc)·clopaedia : o book or set.of books
giving foc1s o r deta iled information
about many subjcc1s. Some
encyclopaedias give in1brmation
about different 1.hings rela1.cd wi1.h
onesubject.
essa y :a short piece of writing o boul a
particular to pic.
exclamation : o sound, word, phrase or
short scn1.cnce thatshows sudden and
s1rong emo tion. For exa mple, 'Oh 1'
,
·What asurprise !' ,·Toohod!'.
future : It is Llic l ime oiler the present.
the1imeoflcrnow. \Ve use 'will'
with
a verb 1.0 show 1h01something .,.,;u
bap1>en in the J'u1urc, cg., 'She will
tell us a story Jomor r o w•. · Next ye ar.
you'II be in Std V I. ' • \\lilh 'I' a nd
'we·,' sha ll' is also used, especially
in quesrions - Sho// we go ? • We
con also use (be + goi119 to + verb)
10 talk about future plans. events.
etc.. cg., 'I am goi119 1a learn music in
lhe ocxr vocation'.
glossary : o list of diflicuJ1 words ,vitb
tbd r meanings, es pecially one gtvcn
01. theend of a book or po. sogc.
grammar : 1.hc study or useof 1.be r ules
for changing L1l c fonn of words and
combining them 10 make sentences.
Each lang uagehas i1s own
grammar.
heading : The title wriucn 01. the
beginning of a piece of writing.
headline : The tit.le of a news item,
prinled above ii in large lcllcts ; the
main poia lS in (1 news bulletin on
TV / radio.
idiom : a phrase ora sentence 1hot has
c, special meaning us a whole, which
may bedifforeol from the meaning or
1.he indi vidt1ol words. For example.
I wonl to {Jo throu{Jh the book.
Here, 'go through' means read.
intonation : the rise and fall o f voice
thOI odd s meaning to wha1 is sa id.
Fo ,· exa mple, 1hc voice rises or goes
upat 1.hc e nd in •You11eetl coffee"' LO
how 1.ba1 it is o question.
letter' : aw ritten / pdnted s ign L1l a l
 stands for a speech sound. \Vhilc
writing english, we use capital
letters (A, B, C, ...) and smoll
letters (o, b, c, .,.).
leuer2 : a written me.'icsogc thol is
usually sent by post
noun : o "'Ord that i:, used to name :
• o person (Rohan, Reslw,a os a lso
girl. dfJL'l<>r, suuhmt) • on animal
(cow , hare) • o place (Mumbai,
11wwrtain, school) • a thing (table,
/rouse, milk) • on idea or quality
(anger,eoi1rage), etc.
The names given to porliculor
persons or places ore known os
proper nouns (cg., Anand, Nagpur,
Narmada). The rest ore couuuon
nouns (eg., boy,city, river, hook).
Some nouns refer 10 something
lhat coa be counted cg., two spoons,
three swrs. They ore countable
nouns. Somenounsrefer10something
lhoi cannot be counted, cg., light,
woter. They ore uncountable 11ouns.
A countoblc noun hos two forms
- sing ular ond plural. When it refers
to one lhing,it is singular eg.. moon
, J fow,er 111011, cot. \\/hen il refers to
many UJtgs, il is plural, cg., maims,
j /0 1,•ers , men, cats.
Many nouns end wilh -ness, -ity,
•men1, •Lion .
paragraph : o part or section of o
piec.c of wriLlng. A paragraph starts
on a new line and hos at leasL one
line in
ii. Usually, it hosone main ideo.
past : It is tbe time before Lhc present
time, the Lime that hos gone by. We
use post tense fonns of verbs10
show actions/ events in the post,
eg..' She took my book yesterday.' ' l
was in Std IV Josi year.' •Long 090,
there lived a king'.
pbraS<• : o s hort. meaningful group
of words; o meaningful port of o
sentenet!.
plural : the form of a noun. pronoun
or verb which rcfors tomany
persons or things, cg., chilt!ren.
tigers . caps, we, they. The plural
ofyou is you.
preposition : o word/group of words
used beforeo noun orpronoun Lo s how
place, time, position, etc. £xomples
: ill the pork, on L1l c t oble, 01 home,
fi·om Monday ro Friday, ojler 5 pm,
in.front ,if u,esc.bool, etc.
present : IL is lhc timelhm is happ-
ening now. We use th<: prescnL tense
forms Qf verbs to show lhe
octions/cveals thatore happening
now,cg.,She goes 10 school. ll is
raining.
pronoun : o word that is used instead of
a noun. Tbc pronouns in English
ore
/, we you, he, she. it, they and tlteU·
Coons lik emy, mllle, me.
proverb : a short ·wel(..known sentence
or phrase 1h01 gives advice or tells
you what is generally true. For
example, "A stitch in time saves
nine· means 'If onedoessomcLl1ing in
time or immcdiotcl,yi t saves a lot
of work
 lorcr'. A proverb is also known os more
a
saying.

question : a scnccncc or pbrosc that you

use 10 gel informatioa or to ask for
something, le.

rhyme' : a short poem or song for

children.

r hyme2 : If two words rhyme, they

end with the some sound. l'or
example, Lhe word •king' rhymes
with ' ring' but you cannot rhyme
'pock' with ' book'.

rhythm : a regular repea ted pattern

of
sounds or movement

sentence : A group of words that

expresses a complete idea - a
statement, a question ora command.
cg.. A1yelderbrotheris ill college.
Do you know1his address? or Be
quick.

singular : t.hc lbnn ofa noun.

pronoun or verb which refers to one
person or t.hing.eg., child, tiger,
cup, I, it. he, she .

sound : a sound is something 1h01 you

hear.

speech : the obiIity to speak. • Aspeech

is a lolk given on a particular topic.
• The lines on actorsoys ,11 o play
ore also called his / her speech.

stnn,.o : A stanza is a part of o poem.

The Uncs in a stanza usually have
rhyming wards at ,c end. Separate
stanzas in a poem oreshown by
 space/distance bctwcca them, or by
changing the arrangement of lines.
statement : a SLOLcmcn 1 is s.omeLbiug
1hm you stotc, ,at is, soy or wricc 10
give definite information. eg., 'Tire
s y is blue.'
stress : Stress is Lhe extra force used
when pronouaeing orsaying a word or
syllable. For examp le, in the word
'Eaglish', the syllabic ·Eng' is s
tressed. In tlie sen tence, 'Say it in
£119/is/i!' the word English is
stressed.
syllable : a porL of a word. There is one
vowel sound in each syllabic. II may
hove one or more consononl sounds
01, tJ e begi1111in9 or 01 the end. The
sylla bles in some words ore shown
below : a-go (ago), oc-tion (action),
crt!O•utre (creature), jo -ker
(joker), ex -p/Q.11c,.tio11(exp la nation).
\Va rds Ukc 110, cot,ask haveoaly
onesylla ble.
tense : lhc form of a verb wbich shows
the time Ol which an action happens
- tl1c post, the pre•ent or the futur e,
cg.. She went,She goes,She will go.
title : tbc nameof o book, poem, story,
picture, etc.
verb : a word or group of words Lbo1
shows action - what people or tliings
do ond what happens 10 them
(write, foll,.float). A verb may also
describe on event (It r ained , II
becmue dork,) ora statc(She was
unboppy).
 Verbs hove different fonns that • 'Be, and bovc• auxiliari s 100 ore
4

show tenses, Lhc t ime of the action u!,:cdlo form questionsand negatives.
IO which the verb refers. (future, ·oo· is not needed when Lhese ore
post
and present. ) used-,c Qucslions: Are you writing
g•.
Verbs have singular and plural o story? Have you written this?
fonns only in the case of the present Why have you come bock ?
tense : sits (singular}, .iii (plural). Ncgotive.s : I Well'nm.feeling well.
She had1wl seen the book.
Nore I.hot we do not use singula r
fonns with · l' and ·you' : J There arc other verbs Uke ,·a11,
come, c ould , mqy, might, will, would,shall,
You smile. should, must, oug/11 to, used to, etc.
11,e verbs be (om/ore, is/o re, which sbow whelher so mething is
was/
were, being, been}, hove (hos, hove. possible, a llo necessary, etc.
w,ed
having, bod) and do (docs. do, doing, answer'? Did you see the bird '? \Vhat da you
did. done) con be used as main verbs want? Whaldid ,e queen tell Lhc.m '/ (b)
in a sentence, cg.. • be : I am Lwclve negative sentences : We
years old. They were ready. • hove : did 1101 g,1 back.
I have a brother. The dinosaur had
o long toil.• do: Do your besL
The. c verbs ore also used with
the main verbs ina sentence lo
show
c.crtoin things. Then, I.hey ore called
ou:l'.lliory or helping ver bs.
• 'lle+ main verb' shows that rhe
action ls nol complete; iL goes on
eg., I 0111 running. II i., ra ining .
They were ploying.
• ·Hove + main verb' shows that
Lhc action about which we ore
talking now, is/was complete, cg., L
have done my homework. She had
read the book.
• •oo·is used with themain
verb
to fonn •
(o) questions : Do you know Lhe
 These ore known as modal
verbs . They, too, ore used as
auxiliaries with the main
verbs. Examples : I cm, swim.
You mqy come m. You slwidtl
not work 10 0 hard. Musi you
go ?
Some verbsendwith -ize
(drommizc) or -ify (clossify).
,•owel : a speech sound you
word : o group of sounds or lcuers
make withom closing any
port of your mouth or Lhroa1.
J0 or example, 'al'.
® .....
i'. A vowel letter is a letter of the
alphabet thot stands for o vowel
sound. The vowel le tters ore : a, e,
i, a, u. The lellcr ·y' 100 , sometimes
Stands for a vowel. Note that one
lcucr may stood for di ffcrcnt sounds
ia different words. tor example,
Lbe some vowel lcucr 'a' stands for
different vowel sounds in the words
oll. ate. ant,onn. etc.
LhOl hos mooning. A word Ls a unil
of louguoge. A worcL is writccn by
lcaviog spaces on bolh Lhc s ides.
IA' MAHARASHTRA STATE BUREAU OF TEXTBOOK PRODUCTION
""""m Mm CURRICULUM RESEARCH, PUNE.
"'""".ti..,.,, 111( '<40. 00
l'J'I)\