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STD IX - Practice Problem Set-2 M. Prakash

Academy
Self Study IV:
SS1. Given four point A(−4, −1), B(−2, −4), C(4, 0) and D(2, 3).
Prove that 2ABCD is a parallelogram by following methods.
(i) Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
(ii) One pair of opposite side is equal and parallel.
(iii) Both diagonals bisect each other.
(iv) By using direct formula that we have developed to find fourth
vertex given three vertices.
Further deduce that it is a rectangle by 3 methods.
(i) AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2 . (ii) AC 2 = BD2 .
(iii) AB ⊥ BC.
SS2. Given three points A(2, 3), B(3, 5), C(7, 1) in a plane.
Let S = {P |P A2 + P B 2 + P C 2 = 400}. Prove that S is a circle.
Further, determine the relation of its center with △ABC.
SS3. Consider a circle S given by S = x2 + y 2 − 10x + 4y + 13 = 0
Find its center M and radius r. Let P = (13, 4). Let tangents from
P to S touch at A, B.
Find [P AM B]. Deduce the area of [P AB] using two methods.
(i) CPT and (ii) similarity.
SS4. Consider circle S given by S(x, y) = x2 +y 2 +2gx+2f y+c = 0.
√
We know that S = ⊙(M (−g, −f ), r = g 2 + f 2 − c).
Consider a point P (x1 , y1 ).
Let S(x1 , y1 ) = S1 . Show that S1 = P M 2 − r2 .
Deduce that P (x, y) is inside, on, outside S according as S1 is neg-
ative, zero, positive respectively.
√
If S1 > 0 show that length of the tangent from P to S is S1 .
Let tangents from P to S touch S at A, B.
3/2
rS1
Prove that [P AB] = .
PM2
SS5. (i) Find the equation of the circle passing through
A(−2, 6), B(5, 7), C(2, −2). (ii) Find the coordinates of the point
P on line AB which divides AB in the ratio − 12 .
(iii) Find the length of the tangent to ⊙ABC from P by two meth-
ods.
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√
(1) S1 , (2) (P A)(P B) = P T 2 .
(iv) Let tangents to ⊙ABC at A and B meet at Q.
Find the coordinates of Q.
SS6. Consider the circle S given by x2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 1 = 0.
(i) Find the equation of S ∗ which is reflection of circle S in the line
L : 3x + 4y + 39 = 0.
(ii) Find maximum {x0 |(x0 , y0 ) ∈ S ∗ } and minimum {y0 |(x0 , y0 ) ∈
S ∗ }.
SS7. Consider the circle S = x2 + y 2 + 6x − 2y − 15 = 0.
(i) Find the equation of secant u passing through A(1, 4) and par-
allel to the line 2x − y + 10 = 0.
(ii) Find the coordinates of point B where u intersects S again.
(iii) Find the equation of chord CD of S parallel to AB and con-
gruent to AB.

Self Study V:
SS1: Given a circle S ≡ x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y − 3 = 0 and a point
A ≡ (−4, 11). A line u joining A and the center of the circle, M ,
intersects S at P and Q.
(i) Find the coordinates of P and Q by solving suitable simultane-
ous equations.
(ii) Find the coordinates of P and Q by using section formula.
SS2: A circle S ≡ x2 + y 2 + 2x + 6y − 15 = 0 and a point A ≡ (4, 9)
are given.
(i) Find equation of circle S1 whose center is at A and the length
of common chord of S and S1 is 6.
(ii) Find equation of circle S2 whose center is at A such that S2 and
S touch each other.
SS3: Given point A ≡ (10, 0) and B ≡ (18, 0). Given line u whose
equation is y = 2x. Find equations of circles touching u and pass-
ing through A and B.
We expect you to put lot of efforts in solving this problem. In case
if you find it difficult you may use following hints and solve them
one by one which will lead you to final solution.
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Use as few hints as possible.

Basic Hint: First of all, recall the method of constructing such a
circle using ruler and compass. Master it. Try the problem all over
again.
Detailed Hints:
(i) Find the equation of line AB.
(ii) Find coordinates of point of intersection P of line AB and u.
(iii) If the required circle touches line u at Q then we have
P A · P B = P Q2 .
(iv) Find equation of ⊙(P, P Q), say S = 0.
(v) Solve S = 0 and u = 0 to obtain possible Q.
(vi) To obtain the center of the required circle, obtain two suitable
loci on which it lies and solve their equations simultaneously.

Self Study VI:

SS1: Relative position of parabola and a line.
Consider the standard parabola P : y = x2 .
Consider lines u1 : y = 6x − 8, u2 : y = 6x − 9, and u3 : y = 6x − 10.
(i) Find the position of each of the lines u1 , u2 , u3 relative to P.
(ii) Find the slope of each line. What can you deduce from these
values of the slopes?
Draw the graph of P and u1 , u2 , u3 .
What do you notice?
Is your graph in agreement with above conclusions?
(iii) Reflect line u2 in the Y-axis to obtain line u∗2 .
What do you expect to happen? Will it be tangent to P?
Predict the slope of u∗2 , say m. Predict the point of contact of u∗2
and P, say Q.
(iv) Find the equation of the line passing through point Q and slope
m that you have predicted in part (iii).
(v) Prove that it really is a tangent to P.
SS2: Interchanging the roles of x and y.
We have studied at length, the curve given by y = ax2 + bx + c,
with a, b, c ∈ R and a ̸= 0.
We have drawn six graphs depending on the possible values of a
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and ∆ = b2 − 4ac.
We invite you to consider the equation x = ay 2 + by + c with
a, b, c ∈ R and a ̸= 0. Draw the six graphs in this context.
(i) Clearly state how these parabolae open.
(ii) Compute the coordinates of the vertex.
(iii) Compute the equation of the line of symmetry.
(iv) Write detailed proof of (iii).
SS3: Consider the standard parabola P : y = x2 .
Consider circle S : x2 + y 2 − 12x − 6y + 28 = 0.
(i) Find the points common to P and S by solving equations of
these curves simultaneously. You will obtain a fourth degree equa-
tion, say E(x) = 0. Use PRRT to obtain two of its roots.
Deduce that these are the only real roots of E(x) = 0.
How do you interprete these findings?
(ii) Draw the graph. Does it agree with your findings?
(iii) Find the equation of tangent u to S at the unique common
point of S ∩ P you have found.
(iv) Test that u is also a tangent to P.

Self Study VII:

SS1: A ≡ (1, 7) and B ≡ (3, 1). Complete the square ABCD such
that it is oriented anticlockwise.
Find the coordinates of C and D
Solve the problems by two different methods.
Warning: The hints given below should only be used, if you can-
not make any progress on your own. In the examination the hints
will not be available. To do well in the exam, it is essential that
you learn to solve these problems on your own. Again, do not read
all the hints.
Read as few hints as required.
Hints: Method 1:
(i) Find two loci of C. Find their equations.
(ii) Solve these simultaneously.
(iii) You will get two points. Use only that point for which orien-
tation of 2ABCD will be anticlockwise.
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Method 2: Auxiliary Figure Method:

(i) Draw 2ABCD.
(ii) Draw lines parallel to Y-axis through A and C.
(iii) Draw lines parallel to X-axis through B and D.
(iv) Obtain the outside rectangle, say P QRS. Prove that it is ac-
tually a square.
Are you familiar with this figure?
SS2: Find the equation of the circle passing through A(6, 5) and
B(4, 7) and touching the line t : x − 2y − 6 = 0.
Yes, we have solved similar problem in Self Study II, problem SS 3.
So why do we do it again?
We wish to develop one more method of solving it.
Strategy: M (h, k) is the center of the required circle if and only
if M A = M B = d(M, t).
We already know one locus of M , namely the perpendicular bisec-
tor of AB, say u.
Activity 1: Find equation of u in two different ways.
(i) Locus Method.
(ii) Find mid point of AB. Find slope of AB.
Deduce slope of u etc.
Activity 2: Now M (h, k) satisfies equation of u.
∴ k can be obtained in terms of h.
Hence we have only one unknown h.
Use M A = d(M, t) to obtain two values of h.
Thus leading to two required circles.
SS3: Consider line u1 : ax + by + c1 = 0
and u2 : ax + by + c2 = 0. Prove that u1 ∥ u2 . Prove the distance
between u1 and u2 is,
|c1 − c2 |
d(u1 , u2 ) = √ .
a 2 + b2
SS4: Consider line u1 : 3x + 4y − 12 = 0 and u3 : 3x + 4y − 52 = 0
(i) Find the equation of line u2 such that
(a) u2 ∥ u1 ,
(b) u2 is between u1 and u3 ,
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(c) If a transversal t cuts u1 , u2 , u3 respectively in A1 , A2 , A3

A1 A2 3
then = .
A2 A3 7
(ii) Find the equation of line u4 such that
(a) u4 ∥ u1 ,
A1 A4 3
(b) If transversal t cuts u4 in A4 then =− .
A4 A3 7
Self Study VIII:
SS29: Project - Tangent to a circle from an external point.
Consider a circle S : x62 + y 2 − 2x − 6y − 40 = 0.
(i) Find the center and radius of S.
( 23 19
)
(ii) Find the equation of tangent to S from P ,
3 3
, by finding
the Auxiliary Equation.
(iii) Find the point of contact of each tangent with S by two
different methods.
(iv) Find the length of the chord of contact by two methods.
(v) Find the length of tangent in two different ways.
SS30: Consider a circle S : x2 + y 2 04x − 2y − 15 = 0. Find the
equation of the locus of the mid points of the chords of S having
length 4.
SS31: Let S : x2 + y 2 − 4x + 6y − 62 = 0. P is a variable point.
Tangents from P to S touch S at A and B.
Find the equation of locus of P such that m∠AP B − 120◦ .
SS32: Determine a, b ∈ R such that their Geometric Mean = 6
72
and Harmonic Mean = 13 .
SS33: < tn > is a G.P. Its common ratio r is such that |r| < 1. The
sum of the infinite G.P. is 4 and the sum of infinite G.P. < t3n > is
192. Determine < tn > .
SS34: Let A1 (X1 , y1 ) and A2 (x2 , y2 ) be two distinct points. Let
k ∈ R. Let S = {P | A1 P 2 − A2 P 2 = k}. Determine the equation
of locus of S.
What does S represent?
←−−−→
What is the relationship of S with A1 A1 .
SS35: M = (9, 7) is the center of a square ABCD. Equation of
←−−→
AB is 3x − 2y = 0. Determine the coordinates of A, B, C, D. This
problem can be done in several ways. Is your solution the most
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elegant?
SS36: A(2, −5), B(1, −2), C(4, 7). Let internal bisector of ∠B of
△ABC meet AC at E. Let external bisector of ∠B of △ABC
←−−→
meet AB at E ′ .
(i) Find coordinates of E and E ′ .
←
−−→
(ii) Find equation of line B E .
(iii) Compute product of slopes of these lines.