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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 Dung dịch điện li HS
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ĐIỆN LI
A- Các khái niệm cơ bản sự điện li, phương trình điện li
BTTL: Viết PT điện li của các chất sau:
a. HNO3, Ba(OH)2, NaOH, H2SO4, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaHCO3, H2S.
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b. CuSO4, Na2SO4 , Fe2(SO4)3, NaHPO4, Mg(OH)2, CH3COOH, H3PO4, HF.
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BTTN:
Bài 1. Dung dịch chất điện li dẫn được điện là do
A. Sự chuyển động của các electron. B. Sự chuyển dịch các electron.
C. Sự chuyển dịch của các phân tử hòa tan. D. Sự chuyển dịch của cả cation và anion.
Bài 2. Chất điện li là chất tan trong nước
A. phân li ra ion B. phân li một phần ra ion
C. phân li hòan toàn thành ion D. tạo dung dịch dẫn điện tốt
Bài 3. Cho dãy các chất: (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O, CH3COONH4, NaOH, C3H5(OH)3, C6H12O6
(glucozơ), HCHO, C6H5COOH, HF. Số chất điện li là
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
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Bài 4. Dãy chất nào dưới đây đều là chất điện li mạnh ?
A. HCl, NaOH, NaCl. B. HCl, NaOH, CH3COOH.
C. KOH, NaCl, HgCl2 D. NaNO3, NaNO2, HNO2.
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Bài 5. Trong dung dịch HClO (dung môi là nước) có thể chứa
A. HClO, H+, ClO-. B. H+, ClO-. C. HClO D. H+, HClO
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Bài 6. Các dd sau đây có cùng nồng độ mol, dd nào dẫn điện tốt nhất ?
A. Ca(OH)2 B. H2SO4 C. NH4NO3 D. Na3PO4
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Bài 7. Thêm từ từ từng giọt axít sunfuric vào dung dịch bari hidroxit đến dư. Độ dẫn điện của hệ sẽ biến đổi
như thế nào ?
A. Tăng dần B. giảm dần C. Tăng rồi giảm D. Giảm rồi tăng
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Bài 8. Chất nào sau đây không dẫn điện được ?
A. HCl lỏng. B. MgCl2 nóng chảy. C. NaOH nóng chảy. D. Dung dịch HCl trong nước.
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Bài 9. Chất nào sau đây là chất điện li ?
A. rượu etylic B. nước cất C. glucozơ D. axit sunfuric
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Bài 10. Dãy gồm các chất điện li yếu là
A. BaSO4, H2S, NaCl, HCl. B. CuSO4, NaCl, HCl, NaOH.
C. H2S, H3PO4, CH3COOH, Cu(OH)2. D. Na2SO3, NaOH, CaCl2, CH3COOH.
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Bài 11. Trong các chất sau: CH3COONa; C2H4; HCl; CuSO4; NaHSO4; CH3COOH; H3PO4; Al2(SO4)3;
HNO3; LiOH. Số chất điện li mạnh là
A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10.
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Bài 12. Cho các chất: NaOH, HF, HBr, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, C12H22O11(saccarozơ), HCOONa, NaCl,
NH4NO3. Tổng số chất thuộc chất điện li và chất điện li mạnh là :
A. 8 và 6. B. 7 và 6. C. 8 và 5. D. 7 và 5.
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Bài 13. Số chất điện li mạnh trong các chất sau: Li3PO4, Urê, HF, NH3, NaHCO3, [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2, HClO4,
Ba(AlO2)2
A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
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Bài 14. Cho một số chất: BaSO4, NaOH, HF, NaHCO3, SO3, H2SO4, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CaCO3,
CH3COONa, C2H5ONa. Có bao nhiêu chất thuộc chất điện li mạnh (khi tan trong nước) ?
A. 6 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7
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Bài 15. Hãy cho biết tập hợp các chất nào sau đây đều là chất điện li mạnh ?
A. Cu(OH)2, NaCl, C2H5OH, HCl. B. HF, Na2SO4, NaNO3 và H2SO4.
C. NaOH, NaCl, K2CO3 và HNO3. D. HCOOH, NaOH, CH3COONa và Ba(OH)2.
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Bài 16. Cho các chất: NaOH, HF, HBr, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, C12H22O11(saccarozơ), HCOONa, NaCl,
NH4NO3. Tổng số chất thuộc chất điện li và chất điện li mạnh là:
A. 7 và 6 B. 8 và 6 C. 8 và 5 D. 7 và 5
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Bài 17. Cho các muối sau: NaHS, NaHCO3, NaHSO4, Na2HPO3, Na2HPO4, NaH2PO2, NaH2PO3, NaH2PO4,
CH3COONa. Số muối axit trong dãy trên là
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
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Bài 19. Hãy cho biết tập hợp các chất nào sau đây đều là chất điện li mạnh ?
A. Cu(OH)2, NaCl, C2H5OH, HCl. B. C6H12O6, Na2SO4, NaNO3, H2SO4.
C. NaOH, NaCl, CaCO3, HNO3. D. CH3COOH, NaOH, CH3COONa, Ba(OH)2.
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Bài 20. Cho các chất sau: H3PO4, HF, C2H5OH, HClO2, Ba(OH)2, HClO3, CH3COOH, K2SO4, FeCl3,
Na2CO3, HI. Trong các chất trên, số chất điện li mạnh là
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 7
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Bài 21. Cho các chất sau: H3PO4, HF, C2H5OH, HClO2, Ba(OH)2, HClO3, CH3COOH, K2SO4, FeCl3,
Na2CO3, HI. Trong các chất trên, số chất điện li mạnh là
A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 7
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Bài 22. Dãy nào sau đây là chất điện ly mạnh
A. NaCl, Na2SO4, K2CO3, AgNO3 B. Hg(CN)2, NaHSO4, KHSO3, CH3COOH
C. HgCl2, CH3COONa, Na2S, Cu(OH)2 D. Hg(CN)2, C2H5OH, CuSO4, NaNO3
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Bài 23. Dung dịch nào sau đây không dẫn điện được ?
A. HCl. B. CH3OH. C. Al2(SO4)3. D. CaSO4
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Bài 24. Chất nào sau đây không dẫn điện được ?
A. KCl rắn, khan. B. CaCl2 nóng chảy.
C. NaOH nóng chảy. D. HBr hòa tan trong nước.
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DẠNG 1: BÀI TẬP VỀ NỒNG ĐỘ ION
Câu 1: Tính nồng độ mol của các ion trong dung dịch:
a) Trong 0,2 l dung dịch có hòa tan 11,7 g NaCl
b) Dung dịch HNO3 10% (D = 1,054 g/l)
c) 250 ml dung dịch NaCl 0,1M trộn lẫn với 250ml dung dịch NaCl 0,2M
d) Trộn lẫn 117 ml dung dịch có chứa 2,84g Na2SO4 và 212ml dung dịch có chứa 254 g NaCl và 354
ml H2O
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Câu 2: Trong một dung dịch chứa a (mol) Ca2+, b (mol) Mg2+, c (mol) Cl-, d (mol) NO3-
1) Lập biểu thức liên hệ giữa a, b, c, d
2) Nếu a = 0,01 ; c = 0,01 ; d = 0,03 thì b bằng bao nhiêu
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Câu 3: Một dung dịch có chứa 2 loại cation là Fe2+ 0,1 mol ; Al3+ 0,2 mol cùng 2 loại anion là Cl- x mol và
SO42- y mol. Tính x; y biết khi cô cạn dung dịch và làm khan thu được 46,9 g chất rắn
Câu 4: 500ml một dung dịch chứa 0,1 mol K+ ; x mol Al3+ ; 0,1 mol NO3- và y mol SO42-. Tính x; y biết khi
cô cạn dung dịch và làm khan thu được 27,2 g chất rắn.
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Câu 5: Trộn lẫn 117 ml dung dịch có chứa 2,84g Na2SO4 và 212ml dung dịch có chứa 29,25g NaCl và 171
ml H2O. Nồng độ mol của Na+ trong dung dịch thu được là
A. 1,4M B. 1,6M C. 1,08M D. 2,0M
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Câu 6: Trung hoà 100ml dung dịch KOH 1M cần dùng V ml dung dịch HCl 1M. Giá trị của V là
A. 400ml. B. 200ml. C. 300ml. D. 100ml.
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Câu 7: Dung dịch X gồm 0,1 mol K+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Cl– và a mol Y2–. Cô cạn dung
dịch X, thu được m gam muối khan. Ion Y2– và giá trị của m là
A. SO42− và 56,5. B. CO32− và 30,1. C. SO42− và 37,3. D. CO32− và 42,1.
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Câu 8: Dung dịch X gồm a mol Na+; 0,15 mol K+; 0,1 mol HCO3 ; 0,15 mol CO32- và 0,05 mol SO42- . Tổng
khối lượng muối trong dung dịch X là
A. 29,5 gam. B. 28,5 gam. C. 33,8 gam. D. 31,3 gam.
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Câu 9: Dung dịch A chứa Al3+ 0,1 mol, Mg2+ 0,15 mol, NO3- 0,3 mol và Cl- a mol . Tính a .
A. 0,1 B. 0,2 C.0,3 D. 0,4
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Câu 10: Dung dịch A chứa Na+ 0,1 mol , Mg2+ 0,05 mol , SO42- 0,04 mol còn lại là Cl- . Tính khối lượng
muối trong dung dịch .
A. 11,6 gam. B. 22,4 gam. C. 33,8 gam. D. 10,5 gam.
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Câu 11: Một dung dịch có chứa hai loại cation là Fe2+ (0,1 mol) và Al3+ (0,2 mol) cùng hai loại anion là Cl-
(x mol) và SO42- (y mol) . Tính x và y biết rằng khi cô cạn dung dịch và làm khan thu được 46,9 gam chất
rắn khan . Giá trị của x, y lần lượt là:
A. 0,1 và 0,3 B. 0,2 và 0,3 C.0,3 và 0,2 D. 0,3 và 0,1
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B. AXIT – BAZO – MUỐI
Ví dụ 1: Theo định nghĩa của Bron – stêt, các ion : Na+ , NH4+ , CO32- , CH3COO- , HSO4- , K+ , Cl- ,HCO3-
là axit , bazo, lưỡng tính hay trung tính ? Tại sao ?
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Ví dụ 2: Quỳ tím sẽ xuất hiện màu gì khi cho vào các dung dịch : Na2S , NH4Cl . Giải thích.
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BTTL:
Câu 1: Các chất và ion cho dưới đây đóng vai trò lưỡng tính, trung tính, axit hay bazơ: Al3+ ; NH4+ ; C6H5O-
; S2- ; Zn(OH)2 ; Al(OH)3 ; Na+ ; Cl- ; CO32- . Tại sao?
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Hoà tan 6 muối sau đây vào nước: NaCl; NH4Cl ; AlCl3 ; Na2S ; Na2CO3 ; C6H5ONa thành 6 dung dịch, sau
đó cho vào mỗi dung dịch một ít quỳ tím. Hỏi dung dịch có màu gì?
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Câu 2: Theo định nghĩa mới về axit- bazơ của Bronsted các ion: Na+ ; NH4+ ; CO32- ; CH3COO- ; HSO4– ;
HCO3-; K+ ; Cl- là axit, bazơ, lưỡng tính hay trung tính? Tại sao? Trên cơ sở đó hãy dự đoán pH của các dung
dịch cho sau đây có giá trị như thế nào so với 7: Na2CO3 ; KCl ; CH3COONa ; NH4Cl ; NaHSO4.
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Câu 3: a. Các chất và ion sau là axit, bazơ, lưỡng tính hay trung tính. Tại sao?
NH3, NH4+, Cu2+, CH3COO-, C6H5O-, NO3-, K+, Zn2+, HCO3-
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Trên cơ sở đó cho biết màu của quỳ tím trong các dung dịch sau:
NH4Cl , CuCl2 , CH3COONa , C6H5OH , NaNO3 .
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b. Các chất sau đây là axit, bazơ, lưỡng tính hay trung tính? Tại sao?
HSO4-, HS-, SO42-, Cl-, Al(OH)3, Al( H2O)3+ , SO32-, H2N - CH2 - COOH .
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Dung dịch trong nước của các chất sau có pH > 7, < 7, = 7 ? Tại sao?
NaHSO4, KCl, Na2SO3, Al2( SO4)3, KHS, CuSO4, NH4NO3.
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DẠNG 2 – BÀI TOÁN pH
Câu 1:
a) So sánh pH của các dung dịch có cùng nồng độ mol của HCl và CH3COOH. Giải thích?
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b) So sánh (có giải thích) nồng độ mol của các dung dịch CH3COONa và NaOH có cùng pH.
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Câu 1-1:. a,Tính pH của dung dịch chứa 1,46 g HCl trong 400ml.
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b, Tính pH của dung dịch chứa 1,6 g NaOH trong 200ml.
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Câu 2: Một dung dịch chứa 0,01 mol Cu2+, 0,02 mol Al3+, 0,02 mol Cl-, 0,04 mol SO42- và H+ trong 0,4 lít. (
bỏ qua sự thủy phân của của ion Cu2+ và Al3+) . Tính pH của dung dịch.
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Câu 3: Trộn 20ml dung dịch HCl 0,05M với 20ml dung dịch H2SO4 0,075M. Nếu coi thể tích sau khi pha trộn
bằng tổng thể tích của hai dung dịch đầu thì pH của dung dịch thu được là bao nhiêu?
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Câu 4: Cho dung dịch HCl có pH = 4. Hỏi phải pha loãng dung dịch trên bằng nước cất bao nhiêu lần để thu
được dd HCl có pH = 6.
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Câu 5: Cho dung dịch NaOH có pH = 13. Cần pha loãng dung dịch đó bằng nước cất bao nhiêu lần để thu
được dd NaOH có pH = 10.
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Câu 6: Pha loãng 10 ml dung dịch HCl với H2O thành 250 ml dung dịch có pH = 3. hãy tính nồng độ molcủa
HCl trước khi pha và pH của dung dịch đó.
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Câu 7: Tính pH của dung dịch thu được khi cho:
a. 1 lít dung dịch H2SO4 0,005M tác dụng với 4 lít dung dịch NaOH 0,005M.
b. 50 ml dd HCl 0,12 M với 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M.
c. Tính pH của dung dịch tạo thành sau khi trộn 100ml dd HCl 1M và 400ml dd NaOH 0,375M
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Câu 8: a. Cho 220ml dung dịch HCl có pH = 5 tác dụng với 180ml dung dịch NaOH có pH = 9 thì thu
được dung dịch A. Tính pH của dung dịch A.
b. Cho 2,75 lít dung dịch Ba(OH)2 có pH = 13 tác dụng với 2,25 lít dung dịch HCl có pH = 1 thì thu
được dung dịch B. Tính pH của dung dịch B.
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Câu 9: Cần bao nhiêu gam NaOH để pha chế 300ml dung dịch có pH= 10
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Câu 10: Trộn 100 ml dung dịch (gồm Ba(OH)2 0,1M và NaOH 0,1M) với 400 ml dung dịch (gồm H2SO4
0,0375M và HCl 0,0125M), thu được dung dịch X. Xác định giá trị pH của dung dịch X.
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Câu 11: Trộn 250 ml dung dịch hỗn hợp gồm HCl 0,08M và H2SO4 0,01M với 250 ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 a
mol , thu được m gam kết tủa và dung dịch sau phản ứng có thể tích 500 ml và có pH = 12. Tính m và a.
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Câu 12: Trộn 3 dung dịch H2SO4 0.1M ; HNO3 0,2M; HCl 0,3 M với những thể tích bằng nhau được dung
dịch A. Lấy 300 ml dung dịch A cho tác dụng với dung dịch B gồm NaOH 0,2 M và KOH 0,29 M. Tính thể
tích dung dịch B cần dùng để khi trộn với 300 ml dung dịch A được dung dịch có pH = 2.
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Câu 13: Thêm từ từ 100 gam dung dịch H2SO4 98% vào nước và điều chỉnh để được 1 lít dung dịch A. Tính
nồng độ molcủa ion H+ trong A và pH của dung dịch A.
Phải thêm vào 1 lít dung dịch A bao nhiêu dung dịch NaOH 1,8M để thu được:
- Dung dịch có pH = 1. - Dung dịch có pH = 12.
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Câu 14: A là dung dịch hỗn hợp KOH 0,05M và Ba(OH)2 0,025M. Tính pH của dung dịch A? Cần phải thêm
vào bao nhiêu ml dung dịch HCl 0,16M vào 50 ml dung dịch A để thu được dd B có pH =2?
ĐS: pH A = 13 ; V = 36,67 ml
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a. Tính thể tích dung dịch Ba(OH)2 0,025 M cần cho vào 100 ml dung dịch gồm HNO3 và HCl có pH = 1
để pH của hỗn hợp thu được bằng 2.
a. ĐS: V = 150 ml
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b. Trộn 250 ml dung dịch hỗn hợp gồm HCl 0,08 M và H2SO4 0,01 M với 250 ml dung dịch NaOH a M
được 500 ml dung dịch có pH = 12 . Tính a ?
b. ĐS: a = 0,12 (M)
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c. Trộn 300ml dung dịch HCl 0,05M với 200 ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 a M thu được 500 ml dung dịch có pH
=12. Tính a?
c. ĐS: a = 0,1 (M)
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d. Trộn 200 ml dung dịch HCl 0,1 M và H2SO4 0,05 M với 300 ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 có nồng độ a (mol/
lít) thu được m gam kết tủa và 500 ml dung dịch có pH = 13. Tính a, m?
d. ĐS: a = 0,3 (M) ; m = 2,33g
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e. Trộn 400ml dung dịch hỗn hợp gồm NaOH 0,1M và Ba(OH)2 0,2M với 100ml dung dịch H2SO4 a M. Sau
phản ứng thu được b g kết tủa trắng và 500 ml dung dịch có pH = 2. Tính a, b ?
e. a = 1.025; m = 18,64g
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f.Trộn những thể tích bằng nhau của 3 dung dịch HBr 0,2M, HNO3 0,4M ; H2SO4 0,2M thu được dung dịch
A. Cho 375 ml dung dịch A tác dụng với dung dịch B gồm KOH 4,8M và NaOH 5,6M được dung dịch C.
Tính thể tích dung dịch B cần để điều chế được dung dịch C có pH= 12?
f. V = 12,39 ml
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g. Trộn 1,5 lít dung dịch Ca(OH)2 0,025 M với 2,5 lít dung dịch HCl 0,014M thu được dung dịch A. Tính
nồng độ của các chất trong A và pH của dung dịch A?
g. pH A = 12
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h. Cho 40 ml dung dịch HCl 0,75M vào 160 ml dung dịch chứa đồng thời Ba(OH) 2 0,08M và KOH 0,04M.
Tính pH của dung dịch thu được?
h. pH = 12
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i. Cho 2 dung dịch H2SO4 có pH = 1 và pH= 2. Thêm 100 ml dung dịch KOH 0,1M vào 100 ml mỗi dung
dịch trên. Tính nồng độ mol/l của dung dịch thu được?
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Câu 15: dd A chứa các ion Ba2+ ; Mg2+ và Cl-
Nếu cho 100ml dd A phản ứng vừa đủ với 200ml dd H2SO4 thu được dung dịch có pH = 1
Nếu cho 200ml dd A phản ứng với 300ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 0,05M thu được kết tủa B và dd C có pH = 12.
Tính nồng độ các ion có trong dung dịch A
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Câu 16: dd A chứa các ion Ba2+ ; Fe2+ và NO3-. Nếu cho 200ml dd A phản ứng vừa đủ với 300ml dd H2SO4
thu được dung dịch có pH = 1. Nếu cho 100ml dd A phản ứng với 200ml dung dịch NaOH 0,3M thu được kết
tủa B và dd C có pH = 13. Tính nồng độ các ion có trong dung dịch A
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BTTN:
Câu 1: Trộn lẫn 200 ml dung dịch HCl 0,125M với 300 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,1M thu được dung dịch A.
pH của dung dịch A là A. 2. B. 12. C. 13. D. 11.
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Câu 2: Cho các muối sau đây NaNO3 ; K2CO3 ; CuSO4 ; FeCl3 ; AlCl3 ; KCl. Các dung dịch có pH = 7 là:
A. NaNO3 ; KCl. B. K2CO3 ; CuSO4 ; KCl
C. CuSO4 ; FeCl3 ; AlCl3 D. NaNO3 ; K2CO3 ; CuSO4
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Câu 3: Cho các dung dịch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, số dung dịch có pH > 7 là:
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
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Câu 4: Trộn 500 ml dung dịch HNO3 0,2M với 500 ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Nếu bỏ qua hiệu ứng thể
tích, pH của dung dịch thu được là: A. 13 B. 12 C. 7 D. 1
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Câu 5. Trộn 250 ml dung dịch chứa hỗn hợp HCl 0,08M và H2SO4 0,01 M với 250 ml dung dịch NaOH aM
thu được 500 ml dung dịch có pH = 12. Giá trị a là:
A. 0,13M. B. 0,12M. C. 0,14M. D. 0.10M.
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Câu 6. Phương trình điện li nào sau đây không đúng?
A. HNO3 H+ + NO3- B. K2SO4 K2+ + SO42-
C. HSO3- H+ + SO32- D. Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH-
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Câu 7: Cho 200 ml dd H2SO4 0,01 M tác dụng với 200 ml dd NaOH a mol/l thu được dd có pH = 12. Giá trị
của a là: A. 0,01 M. B. 0,02M. C. 0,03 M. D. 0,04 M.
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Câu 8: Dung dịch A có pH = 1, dung dịch B có pH = 3 của cùng một axit mạnh. Hỏi phải trộn 2 dung dịch
trên theo tỉ lệ thể tích VA:VB là bao nhiêu để được dung dịch có pH=2.
A. 2:3 B. 10:1 C. 1:1 D. 1:10
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Câu 9: Trộn 600 ml dung dịch HCl 1M với 400 ml dung dịch NaOH x M được 1 lít dung dịch có pH = 1.
Giá trị của x là: A. 1. B. 0,75. C. 0,25. D. 1,25.
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Câu 10: Trộn 200 ml dung dịch gồm HCl 0,1M và H2SO4 0,05M với 300 ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 nồng độ x
M thu được m gam kết tủa và 500 ml dung dịch có pH = 13. Giá trị của x và m lần lượt là
A. x = 0,015; m = 2,33. B. x = 0,150; m = 2,33. C. x = 0,200; m = 3,23. D. x = 0,020; m = 3,23.
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Câu 11. Một dung dịch có a mol NH4+ , b mol Mg2+ , c mol SO42- và d mol HCO3- .Biểu thức nào biểu thị
sự liên quan giữa a, b, c, d sau đây là đúng ?
A. a + 2b = c + d B. a + 2b = 2c + d C. a + b = 2c + d D. a + b = c + d
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Câu 12.Trong các muối sau, dung dịch muối nào có môi trường trung tính?
A. FeCl3 B. Na2CO3 C. CuCl2 D. KCl
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Câu 13. Muối nào sau đây không bị thủy phân:
A. NaCl B. NH4Cl C. Na2CO3 D. FeCl3
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Câu 14: Xét pH của bốn dung dịch có nồng độ mol/lít bằng nhau là dung dịch HCl, pH = a; dung dịch
H2SO4, pH = b; dung dịch NH4Cl, pH = c và dung dịch NaOH pH = d. Nhận định nào dưới đây là đúng ?
A. d<c<a<b B. c<a<d<b C. a<b<c<d D. b<a<c<d
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Câu 15: Có 50 ml dung dịch chứa hỗn hợp KOH 0,05M và Ba(OH)2 0,025M người ta thêm V ml dung dịch
HCl 0,16M vào 50 ml dung dịch trên thu được dung dịch mới có pH = 2. Vậy giá trị của V là
A. 36,67 ml B. 30,33 ml C. 40,45 ml D. 45,67 ml.
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Câu 16: Trộn 250 ml dung dịch hỗn hợp HCl 0,08 (mol/l) và H2SO4 0,01 (mol/l) với 250 ml dung dịch
Ba(OH)2 có nồng độ x mol thu được m (g) kết tủa và 500 ml dung dịch có pH = 12. Giá trị của m và x là:
A. 0,5825g và 0,06 mol/l. B. 0,5565g và 0,06 mol/l.
C. 0,5825 g và 0,03 mol/l. D. 0,5565g và 0,03 mol/l.
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Câu 17: Để trung hoà 100 g dung dịch HCl 1,825% cần bao nhiêu ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 có pH bằng 13.
A. 500ml B. 0,5 ml C. 250ml D. 50ml
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Câu 18: Có 6 dung dịch cùng nồng độ mol/lit là: Dung dịch NaCl (1), dung dịch HCl (2), dung dịch Na2CO3
(3), dung dịch NH4Cl (4), dung dịch NaHCO3 (5), dung dịch NaOH (6). Dãy sắp xếp theo trình tự pH của
chúng tăng dần như sau:
A. (1)<(2)<(3)<(4)<(5)<(6). B. (2)<(3)<(1)<(5)<(6)<(4).
C. (2)<(4)<(1)<(5)<(3)<(6). D. (2)<(1)<(3)<(4)<(5)<(6).
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Câu 19: Có V1 ml dung dịch H2SO4 pH = 2. Trộn thêm V2 ml H2O vào dung dịch trên được (V1+V2) ml
dung dịch mới có pH = 3. Vậy tỉ lệ V1 : V2 có giá trị bằng
A. 1 : 3 B. 1 : 5 C. 1 : 9 D. 1 : 10
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Câu 20. Dãy các chất nào sau đây vừa tác dụng với dung dịch HCl vừa tác dụng với dung dịch NaOH ?
A. Pb(OH)2 , ZnO ,Fe2O3 B. Na2SO4 , HNO3 , Al2O3
C. Al(OH)3 , Al2O3 , Na2CO3 D. Na2HPO4 , ZnO , Zn(OH)2
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Câu 21. Cho các ion sau: a) PO43-; b) CO32-; c) HSO3-; d) HCO3-; e) HPO32-. Những ion lưỡng tính là:
A. a, b. B. b, c. C. c, d. D. d, e.
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Câu 22. Cho các ion và chất được đánh số thứ tự như sau:
1. HCO3- 2. K2CO3 3. H2O 4. Mg(OH)2
5. HPO42- 6. Al2O3 7. NH4Cl 8. HSO3-
Các chất và ion lưỡng tính là:
A. 1, 2, 3. B. 4, 5, 6. C. 1, 3, 5, 6, 8. D. 2, 6, 7.
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Câu 23. Có bao nhiêu ion trong số các ion sau đây là bazơ: Ba2+ , Br- , NO3- , NH4+ , C6H5O- , SO42- ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
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Câu 24. Dãy chất và ion nào sau đây có tính chất trung tính ?
A. Cl- , Na+ , NH4+ B. Cl- , Na+ , Ca(NO3)2 C. NH4+ , Cl- , H2O D. ZnO, Al2O3 , Ca(NO3)2
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Câu 25. Dung dịch X gồm NaOH 0,1M và Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Thể tích dung dịch H2SO4 0,5M cần để trung hòa
hết 100ml dung dịch X là bao nhiêu ?
A. 100ml B. 50ml C. 150ml D. 200ml
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Câu 26. Dãy các dung dịch cùng nồng độ được sắp xếp theo chiều tăng dần pH là:
A. H2S, KCl, HNO3, KOH B. HNO3, H2S, KCl, KOH
C. KOH, KCl, H2S, HNO3 D. HNO3, KOH, NaCl, H2S
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Câu 27: Dung dịch thu được khi trộn 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,3M với 200 ml dung dịch H 2SO4 0,05M có
pH là:
A. 7 B. 12 C. 13 D. 1.
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Câu 28: Trộn 20 ml dung dịch HCl 0,05M với 20 ml dung dịch H2SO4 0,075M . Nếu sự trộn lẫn không làm
thay đổi thể tích thì pH của dung dịch thu được là:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1,5
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PHẢN ỨNG TRAO ĐỔI ION
Dung dịch điện li (phản ứng trao đổi ion)
Bài 1:Viết phương trình phân tử và phương trình ion cho các cặp chất sau (nếu có)
1/ a. MgCl2 và H2SO4 c. BaCl2 và AgNO3 b. Na2CO3 và HCl d. (NH4)2SO4 và NaOH
2/ a. CuCl2 và H2SO4 b. K2CO3 và HCl c. Ca(NO3)2 và (NH4)2CO3 d. NH4Cl và Ba(OH)2
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Bài 2: Viết phương trình phương trình ion thu gọn của dung dịch NaHCO3 với từng dung dịch: H2SO4
loãng, KOH, Ba(OH)2 dư. Trong mỗi phản ứng ion HCO3- đóng vai trò axit hay bazo
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Bài 3: Có thể tồn tại dung dịch chứa các ion có trong từng dãy sau không? Giải thích?
1. Cu2+, K+, SO42-, OH- 2. NH4+, NO3-, Fe3+, Cl- 3. Ba2+, Na+, CO32-, Br- 4. Fe3+, Mg2+ , OH-, SO42-
2+ - + 2- - 3+ 2+ 2- + - - +
5. Ca , Cl , Na , CO3 6. NO3 , Al , Ba , SO4 7. Na , OH , HCO3 , K 8. K+, Ba2+, OH-, Cl-
9. Cu2+, Ca2+, Cl2, NO3- 10. Fe3+, K+, Cl-, OH- 11. H+, Na+, HCO3-, SO42- 12. Na+, Zn2+, NO3-, SO42-
+ 2+ - - + 2+ - 2-
13. Na , Cu , Cl ; OH 14. K , Ba , Cl ; SO4 15. K+, Fe2+, Cl-; SO42-
- + + + -
16. HCO3 , H (H3O ), Na ; Cl
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Bài 4: Viết phương trình phản ứng xảy ra khi trộn lẫn các dung dịch sau với nhau từng đôi một
1/ dd A : K+ , Mg2+ , HCO3- , Cl- dd B: Na+ , OH- , CO32- , S2- dd C: Ba2+ , H+ , Br- ,NO3-.
2+ 2+ - - + - 2- 2-
2/ dd A: Ca ; Ba ; HCO3 ; Cl . dd B: Na ; OH ; CO3 ; S dd C: Fe2+; K+; H+; SO42-
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BTTN:
Câu 1: Cho dung dịch X chứa các ion: H+, Ba2+, NO3- vào dung dịch Y chứa các ion: Na+, SO32-, SO42-,
S2-. Số phản ứng xảy ra là
A. 1 B. 2. C. 3 D. 4
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Câu 2: Có 4 lọ dung dịch riêng biệt: X, Y, Z và T chứa các chất khác nhau trong số 4 chất:
(NH4)2CO3, KHCO3, NaNO3, NH4NO3. Bằng cách dùng dung dịch Ca(OH)2 cho lần lượt vào từng
dung dịch, thu được kết quả sau:
Nhận xét nào sau đây đúng?
A. X là dung dịch NaNO3. B. T là dung dịch (NH4)2CO3.
C. Y là dung dịch KHCO3. D. Z là dung dịch NH4NO3.
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Câu 3: Cho dung dịch Ba(HCO3)2 lần lượt vào các dung dịch CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3,
KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. Số trường hợp
có thể tạo nên kết tủa là:
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 7.
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Câu 4: Phản ứng nào dưới đây là phản ứng trao đổi ion trong dung dịch?
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Câu 5: Trong các dung dịch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2. Dãy gồm các
chất đều tác dụng được với dung dịch Ba(HCO3)2 là:
A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4.
C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.
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Câu 6: Dãy ion nào sau đây có thể tồn tại trong cùng một dung dịch?
A. Na+, Cl-, S2-, Cu2+. B. K+, OH-, Ba2+, HCO3-.
C. NH4+, Ba2+, NO3-, OH-. D. HSO4-, NH4+, Na+, NO3-.
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Câu 7: Dãy các ion có thể tồn tại trong cùng một dung dịch là
A. Fe2+, Ag+, NO3-, Cl-. B. Mg2+, Al3+, NO3-, CO32-.
C. Na+, NH4+, SO42-, Cl-. D. Na+, Mg2+, NO3-, OH-.
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Câu 8: Dãy chất nào sau đây đều là chất điện li mạnh?
A. HCl, NaOH, NaCl. B. HCl, NaOH, CH3COOH.
C. KOH, NaCl, HgCl2. D. NaNO3, NaNO2, HNO2.
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Câu 9: Dãy nào sau đây gồm các ion tồn tại đồng thời trong một dung dịch?
A. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Br–, NO32–, CO32–. B. Ca2+, K+, Cu2+, OH–, Cl–.
C. Na+, NH4+, Al3+, SO42–, OH–, Cl–. D. Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl–, NO32–.
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Câu 10: Cho dung dịch X chứa các ion: H+, Ba2+, Cl- vào dung dịch Y chứa các ion: K+, SO32-,
CH3COO-. Số phản ứng xảy ra là
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
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Câu 11: Các ion nào sau đây không thể cùng tồn tại đồng thời trong cùng một dung dịch?
A. Na+, Mg2+, NO3-, SO42-. B. Ba2+, Al3+, Cl-, HCO3-.
C. Cu2+, Fe3+, SO42-, Cl-. D. K+, NH4+, OH-, PO43-.
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Câu 12: Phản ứng nào dưới đây xảy ra trong dung dịch tạo được kết tủa Fe(OH)3?
A. FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4. B. Fe2(SO4)3 + KI.
C. Fe(NO3)3 + Fe. D. Fe(NO3)3 + KOH.
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Câu 13: Cho dãy các chất: H2SO4, KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2SO4. Số chất trong
dãy tạo kết tủa khi tác dụng với dung dịch BaCl2 là:
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
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Câu 14: Dung dịch nước của chất A làm quì tím ngã màu xanh, còn dung dịch nước của chất B
không làm đổi màu quì tím. Trộn lẫn dung dịch của hai chất lại thì xuất hiện kết tủA. A và B có thể
là:
A. NaOH và K2SO4. B. K2CO3 và Ba(NO3)2.
C. KOH và FeCl3. D. Na2CO3 và KNO3.
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Câu 15: Phản ứng tạo thành PbSO4 nào dưới đây không phải là phản ứng trao đổi ion trong dung
dịch?
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Câu 16: Dãy gồm các chất có thể cùng tồn tại trong 1 dung dịch là:
A. BaO, (NH4)2SO4, H2SO4, Al2(SO4)3. B. Ba(NO3)2, Na2CO3, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3.
C. KCl, NaNO3, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2. D. Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, NaNO3, NH4NO3.
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Câu 17: Dãy gồm các chất có thể cùng tồn tại trong 1 dung dịch là:
A. HCl, (NH4)2SO4, Al2(SO4)2, NaNO3. B. HCl, Al2(SO4)3, NaNO3, Na2CO3.
C. HCl, BaCl2, NaNO3, Na2SO4. D. BaCl2, NaNO3, NaAlO2, Na2CO3.
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Câu 18: Cho dung dịch chứa các ion sau: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl. Muốn loại được nhiều
cation ra khỏi dung dịch, có thể cho tác dụng với dung dịch:
A. K2CO3. B. Na2SO4. C. NaOH. D. Na2CO3.
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Câu 19: Dãy gồm các chất không thể cùng tồn tại trong 1 dung dịch là:
A. H2SO4, Na2CO3, BaCl2, Na2SO4. B. H2SO4, HCl, NH4Cl, NaNO3.
C. Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, NaAlO2, BaCl2. D. NaOH, NaAlO2, NaNO3, Na2CO3.
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Câu 20: Cho dung dịch các chất: Ca(HCO3)2, NaOH, (NH4)2CO3, KHSO4, BaCl2. Số phản ứng
xảy ra khi trộn dung dịch các chất với nhau từng đôi một là
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 9.
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Câu 21: Cho dung dịch Ba(HCO3)2 lần lượt vào các dung dịch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3,
KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. Số trường hợp
có tạo ra kết tủa là:
A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
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Câu 22: Cho dãy các chất: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3, CrCl3. Số chất trong
dãy tác dụng với lượng dư dung dịch Ba(OH)2 tạo thành kết tủa là:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
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Câu 23: Cho dung dịch Ba(HCO3)2 lần lượt vào các dung dịch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3,
KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. Số trường hợp
đồng thời tạo ra kết tủa và có khí bay ra là:
A. 5. B. 2. C. 6. D. 3.
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Câu 24. Cho 5 phản ứng:
(1) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl 2 + H 2
(2) 2NaOH + ( NH 4 )2 SO 4 → Na 2SO 4 + 2NH 3 + 2H 2O
(3) BaCl 2 + Na 2CO3 → BaCO3 + 2NaCl
(4) 2NH 3 + 2H 2 O + Fe ( OH )2 + ( NH 4 )2 SO 4
(5) 3Na 2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H 2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
Các phản ứng thuộc loại phản ứng axit-bazơ là:
A. (3),(4),(5) B. (2),(4),(5) C. (2),(4) D. (1),(2),(4)
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Câu 25: Cho 4 phản ứng:
(1) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
(2) 2NaOH + (NH4)2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
(3) BaCl2 + Na2CO3 → BaCO3 + 2NaCl
(4) 2NH3 + 2H2O + FeSO4 → Fe(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
Các phản ứng thuộc loại phản ứng axit - bazơ là
A. (2), (3). B. (1), (2). C. (2), (4). D. (3), (4).
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Câu 26: Cho các cặp dung dịch sau: (1) Na2CO3 và AlCl3; (2) NaNO3 và FeCl2; (3) HCl và Fe(NO3)2; (4)
NaHCO3 và BaCl2; (5) NaHCO3 và NaHSO4. Số cặp xảy ra phản ứng khi trộn các chất trong các cặp đó với
nhau ở nhiệt độ thường là
A. 4 cặp. B. 3 cặp. C. 5 cặp. D. 2 cặp.
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CâuCâu27: 1: Cho THPT các(Chuyên cặp dung Vĩnh dịch sau: Phúc - Vĩnh Phúc - Lần 2 – 2018)
(1) NaAlO2 và AlCl3 ; (2) NaOH và NaHCO3;
Chất nào sau đây là chất điện li yếu?
(3) BaCl2 và NaHCO3 ; (4) NH4Cl và NaAlO2 ;
A. NaCl. (5) Ba(AlO2)2 và Na2SO B.AgCl.
4; (6) Na2CO3 C. và HI. AlCl3 D. HF
Câu 2:(7)(Chuyên Ba(HCOLương 3)2 và NaOH.
Văn Tụy -- Lần (8) 1 -2018)Dãy CH3COONH các 4chất và HCl nào sau đây đều là
(9) KHSO4 và NaHCO3
Số cáccặp chất trong không đó có điện phản ly?ứng xảy ra là:
A. H A.2O, 9. HClO, CH3COOH, B. 6. Mg(OH)2. C. 8.B. CH3COOH, NaOH, D. 7. HCl và
Ba(OH)2.
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C. NaOH, NaCl, CaCO và HNO . 3 3 D. C H OH, C H O và
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2 5 6 12 6
CH3CHO.
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Câu 3: (CHUYÊN PHAN BỘI CHÂU 2018) Chất nào sau đây là chất điện li mạnh?
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A. NaOH. B. HF. C. CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH.
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Câu 4: (CHUYÊN CHUYÊN SƯ PHẠM 2018) Chất nào sau đây thuộc loại điện li
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mạnh?
A. CH3COOH. B. NaCl. C. C2H5OH. D. H2O.
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Câu 5: (CHUYÊN CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN 2018) Trong các cặp chất dưới đây,
Câucặp 28: chấtCho nào các cùng phản tồnứng tại trong hóa học mộtsau: dung dịch?
(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 → (2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2 →
A. NaAlO (3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 →2 và HCl. B. AgNO3 và NaCl.
(4) H2SO4 + BaSO 3 →
C. NaHSO (5) (NH44)và 2SO NaHCO4 + Ba(OH) 3. 2 → (6) D. Fe2CuSO (SO4)43 + vàBa(NO AlCl3.3)2 →
Các phản ứng có thể xảy ra
Câu 6: (Chuyên Đại học Sư phạm lần 2 - 2018) Chất nào sau đây là chất điện lilà :
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5), (6).
yếu? C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (1), (3), (5), (6).
A. NH4Cl. B. Na2CO3. C. HNO3. D. NH3.
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Câu 7: (Chuyên Sơn La– lần 3 - 2018) Chất nào sau đây là chất điện li yếu?
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A. HNO 3 B. Na CO 2 3 C. NaOH D. CH COOH 3
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Câu 8: (Chuyên Chuyên Bắc Ninh – lần 3 - 2018) Chất nào sau đây là chất điện li yếu?
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A. H2O. B. HCl. C. NaOH. D. NaCl.
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Câu 9: (thầy Tòng Văn Sinh 2018) Chất nào sau đây thuộc loại chất điện li mạnh?
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A. CH3COOH. B. C2H5OH. C. H2O. D. NaCl.
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Câu 10: (thầy Tòng Văn Sinh 2018) Phương trình 2H+ + S2- → H2S là phương trình ion rút
gọn của phản ứng?
Câu 29: Phương trình H+ + S2- → H2S là phương trình ion rút gọn của phản ứng?
A. FeS + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2S. B. 5H2SO4 đặc + 4Mg → 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O.
C. K2S + 2HCl → 2KCl + H2S. D. BaS + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + H2S.
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Câu 11: (thầy Tòng Văn Sinh 2018) Cho dung dịch X chứa các ion: H+, Ba2+, NO3- vào dung
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dịch Y chứa các ion: Na , SO3 , SO4 , S . Số phản ứng xảy ra là + 2- 2- 2-
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
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Câu 30: Phương trình ion rút gọn của phản ứng giữa H2S và FeCl3 trong dung dịch là:
A. H2S + 2Fe3+ → S + 2Fe2+ + 2H+. B. Không có vì phản ứng không xảy ra.
C. 3H2S + 2Fe3+→ Fe2S3 + 6H+ D. 3S2- + 2Fe3+→ Fe2S3.
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Câu 31: Cho các phản ứng hóa học sau:
Các phản ứng đều có cùng một phương trình ion rút gọn là:
A. (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (2). C. (1), (2), (6). D. (1), (6).
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Câu 32: Phản ứng có phương trình ion rút gọn: HCO3- + OH- → CO32- + H2O là
A. 2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O.
B. 2NaHCO3 + 2KOH → Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + 2H2O
C. NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + CO2 + H2O.
D. Ca(HCO3) + 2NaOH → CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O.
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Câu 33: Cho các phản ứng hóa học sau:
(1) NaHS + NaOH → (2) Ba(HS)2 + KOH → (3) Na2S + HCl →
(4) CuSO4 + Na2S → (5) FeS + HCl → (6) NH4HS + NaOH →
Các phản ứng đều có cùng một phương trình ion rút gọn là
A. (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (2). C. (1), (2), (6). D. (1), (6).
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Câu 34: Cho các phản ứng sau:
(a) FeS + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2S
(b) Na2S + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2S
(c) 2AlCl3 + 3Na2S + 6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S + 6NaCl
(d) KHSO4 + KHS → K2SO4 + H2S
(d) BaS + H2SO4 (loãng) → BaSO4 + H2S
Số phản ứng có phương trình ion rút gọn S2- + 2H+ → H2S là
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
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Câu 35: Phương trình ion thu gọn Ca2+ + CO32- → CaCO3 là của phản ứng xảy ra giữa cặp chất nào sau
đây?
(1) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 (2) Ca(OH)2 + CO2
(3) Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH (4) Ca(NO3)2 + (NH4)2CO3
A. (1) và (2). B. (2) và (3). C. (1) và (4). D. (2) và (4).
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Câu 36: Phản ứng giữa 2 chất nào sau đây có phương trình ion thu gọn là: H + + OH − → H 2O
A. H 2S + KOH B. HNO3 +Ca(OH)2
C. CH3COOH + NaOH D. H 2SO4 + Mg(OH) 2
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Câu 37: Phương trình H+ + OH- → H2 O là phương trình ion thu gọn của phản ứng có phương trình sau:
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Câu 38: Cho phản ứng hóa học: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O.
Phản ứng hóa học nào sau đây có cùng phương trình ion thu gọn với phản ứng trên?
A. 2KOH+ FeCl2 ⎯⎯ → Fe ( OH )2 + 2KCl B. NaOH+NaHCO3 ⎯⎯ → Na 2CO3 + H 2O
C. NaOH+ NH 4Cl ⎯⎯
→ NaCl + NH3 + H 2O D. KOH+ HNO 3 ⎯⎯
→ KNO3 + H 2O
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Câu 39: Cho phản ứng: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O. Phương trình ion thu gọn của phản ứng
trên là
A. HCl + OH– → H2O + Cl–. B. 2H+ + Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + 2H2O.
–
C. H + OH → H2O.
+
D. 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + 2Cl– + 2H2O.
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Câu 40: Phương trình rút gọn Ba2+ + SO42– → BaSO4 tương ứng với phương trình phân tử nào
sau đây?
A. Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 → BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2. B. H2SO4 + BaCO3 → BaSO4 + CO2 + H2O.
C. Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 → BaSO4 + 2NaNO3. D. H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4 + 2H2O.
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Câu 41: Thực hiện các thí nghiệm sau:
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Câu 42: Cho các phản ứng hóa học sau:
(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 → (2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2 → (3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 →
(4) H2SO4 + BaSO3 → (5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2 →
Các phản ứng đều có cùng một phương trình ion rút gọn là:
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (3), (4), (5), (6).
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Câu 43. Cho các phản ứng sau:
1. NaOH + HClO → NaClO + H2O
2. Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + 2H2O
3. 3KOH + H3PO4 → K3PO4 + 3H2O
4. NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
5. Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Số phản ứng có cùng phương trình ion rút gọn : H+ + OH- → H2O là:
A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
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Câu 44: Cho các phản ứng hóa học sau:
(1) (NH4)2CO3+CaCl2→ (4) K2CO3+Ca(NO3)2 →
(2) Na2CO3+CaCl2→ (5) H2CO3+CaCl2 →
(3) (NH4)2CO3+Ca(OH)2 → (6) CO2+ Ca(OH)2 →
Số phản ứng có cùng một phương trình ion rút gọn CO32- + Ca2+ →CaCO3↓ là:
A.5 B. 3 C. 4 D.6
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DẠNG 3 : SỬ DỤNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH ION ĐỂ GIẢI
+ 2− −
Bài 1: Dung dịch X chứa 0.01 mol Fe3+, 0.02 mol NH 4 , 0.02 mol SO4 và x mol NO3 .
a. Tính x.
b. Trộn dung dịnh X với 100 ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 0.3 M thu được m gam kết tủa và V lít khí (đktc). Tính m
và V.
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Bài 2. Trộn 100 ml dung dịch FeCl3 0.1M với 500 ml dung dịch NaOH 0.1 M thu được dung dịch D và m gam
kết tủa.
a. Tính nồng độ các ion trong D.
b. Tính m.
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Bài 3. Trộn lẫn 100ml dd K2CO3 0,5M với 100ml dd CaCl2 0,1M.
a. Tính khối lượng kết tủa thu được.
b. Tính CM các ion trong dd sau phản ứng.
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Bài 4: Dung dịch A gồm 5 ion: Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, 0,1 mol Cl- và 0,2 mol NO3 . Thêm từ từ dung dịch K2CO3
1M vào dung dịch A đến khi lượng kết tủa lớn nhất. Tính thể tích dung dịch K2CO3 cần dùng.
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2−
Bài 5 (A-2010). Dung dịch X có chứa: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO4 và x mol OH − . Dung dịch Y có chứa
ClO−4 , NO3− và y mol H+; tổng số mol ClO−4 và NO3− là 0,04. Trộn X và Y được 100 ml dung dịch Z. Tính
pH của dung dịch Z (bỏ qua sự điện li của H2O).
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Bài 6: (CĐA-2009). Cho dung dịch chứa 0,1 mol (NH4)2CO3 tác dụng với dung dịch chứa 34,2 gam
Ba(OH)2. Sau phản ứng thu được m gam kết tủa và V lít khí (đktc). Xác định giá trị của V và m.
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Bài 7. Có 2 dung dịch A, B, mỗi dung dịch chỉ chứa 2 cation và 2 anion (không trùng lặp giữa các loại ion)
trong số các ion sau: K+(0,15 mol), H+(0,2 mol), Mg2+ ( 0,1 mol), NH4+( 0,25 mol),Cl-(0,1 mol), SO42-(0,075
mol), NO3-(0,25 mol), CO32-(0,15 mol). Làm bay hơi (không xảy ra phản ứng hóa học) của 2 dung dịch A,B
thì thu được chất rắn khan lần lượt là:
A. 22,9 gam và 25,3 gam B. 25,4 gam và 25,3 gam
C. 22,9 gam và 12,7 gam D. 25,4 gam và 12,7 gam
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Bài 8. Dung dịch X có chứa: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO42- và x mol OH-. Dung dịch Y có chứa ClO4- , NO3-
tổng số mol là 0,04 và y mol H+. Trộn X và Y được 100 ml dung dịch Z. Dung dịch Z có pH (bỏ qua sự điện
li của H2O) là
A. 2. B. 13. C. 1. D. 12.
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Bài 9: Một dung dịch Y có chứa các ion Cl-, SO42- , NH4+ . Khi cho 100 ml dung dịch Y phản ứng với
200 ml dung dịch dung dịch Ba(OH)2 thu được 6,99 gam kết tủa và thoát ra 2,24 lít khí (đktc) .
a). Tính nồng độ mol các ion trong dung dịch Y .
b). Tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch Ba(OH)2 đã dùng .
ĐS: a). [NH4+] = 1 M ; [Cl-] = 0,4M ; [SO42-] = 0,6M .
b). [Ba(OH)2] = 0,25M .
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Bài 10: Hòa tan 1,65 gam (NH4)2SO4 và 2,61 gam K2SO4 trong nước thu được 250 ml dung dịch A . Đó là
các chất điện li mạnh .
a). Tính nồng độ mol các chất trong dung dịch A .
b). Lấy 50 ml dung dịch A tác dụng với 50 ml dung dịch Ba(OH) 2 0,2M, lọc, rửa kết tủa tạo thành ,
thu được m1 gam kết tủa và 120 ml dung dịch A1 . Tính m1 và nồng độ mol các ion thu được trong dung dịch
A1 đó .
ĐS: a). [NH4+] = 0,1M ; [K+] = 0,12M ; [SO42-] = 0,11M .
b). m1 = 1,2815 gam và [K+] = 0,05M ; [OH-] = 0,042M ; [Ba2+] = 0,0375M.
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2- +
Bài 11: Dung dịch X chứa các ion: Fe3+, SO4 , NH 4 , Cl-. Chia dung dịch X thành hai phần bằng nhau:
- Phần một tác dụng với lượng dư dung dịch NaOH, đun nóng thu được 0,672 lít khí (ở đktc) và 1,07 gam
kết tủa;
- Phần hai tác dụng với lượng dư dung dịch BaCl2, thu được 4,66 gam kết tủa.
Tính tổng khối lượng các muối khan thu được khi cô cạn dung dịch X (quá trình cô cạn chỉ có nước bay hơi).
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Bài 12. Có 100 ml dung dịch X gồm: NH4+, K+, CO32–, SO42–. Chia dung dịch X làm 2 phần bằng nhau:
– Phần 1 cho tác dụng với dung dịch Ba(OH)2 dư thu được 6,72 lít (đktc) khí NH3 và 43 gam kết tủa.
– Phần 2 tác dụng với lượng dư dung dịch HCl thì thu được 2,24 lít (đktc) khí CO2.
Cô cạn dung dịch X thu được m gam muối khan. Giá trị của m là
A. 24,9. B. 44,4. C. 49,8. D. 34,2.
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Bài 13: Dung dịch A có V = 500ml chứa các ion (Ba2+, Na+, Cl-, NO3-) chia A làm 3 phần bằng nhau:
Phần 1: Thêm Na2SO4 dư thu được 4,66 gam kết tủa. Phần 2: Thêm AgNO3 dư thu được 5,74 gam kết tủa.
Phần 3: Đem cô cạn thu được 6,71 gam muối. Tính CM của các ion trong dung dịch A?
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Bài 14. Chia dung dịch Z chứa các ion: Na+, NH4+ , SO42- , CO32- thành 2 phần bằng nhau. Phần 1 cho tác
dụng với dung dịch Ba(OH)2 dư, đun nóng thu được 4,3 gam kết tủa X và 470,4 ml khí Y ở 13,50C và 1atm.
Phần 2 cho tác dụng với dung dịch HCl dư thu được 235,2 ml khí ở 13,50C và 1atm. Tổng khối lượng muối
trong Z là
A. 1,19 gam. B. 9,52 gam. C. 4,76 gam. D. 2,38 gam.
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Bài 15. Dung dịch X chứa 0,12 mol Na+; x mol SO42- ; 0,12 mol Cl- và 0,05 mol NH4+ . Cho 300 ml dung
dịch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vào X đến khi các phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn, lọc bỏ kết tủa, thu được dung dịch Y. Cô
cạn Y, thu được m gam chất rắn khan. Giá trị của m là
A. 7,190 B. 7,020 C. 7,875 D. 7,705
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Bài 16. Cho dung dịch Ba(OH)2 đến dư vào 100 ml dung dịch X có chứa các ion: NH4+, SO42-, NO3- thì có
23,3 gam một kết tủa được tạo thành và đun nóng thì có 6,72 lít (đktc) một chất khí bay ra. Nồng độ mol của
(NH4)2SO4 và NH4NO3 trong dung dịch X là bao nhiêu ?
A. 2M và 2M. B. 1M và 1M. C. 1M và 2M. D. 2M và 1M.
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Bài 17. Dung dịch X chứa các ion sau: Al3+, Cu2+, SO42- và NO3-. Để kết tủa hết ion SO42- có trong 250 ml
dung dịch X cần 50 ml dung dịch BaCl2 1M. Cho 500 ml dung dịch X tác dụng với dung dịch NH3 dư thì
được 7,8 gam kết tủa. Cô cạn 500 ml dung dịch X được 37,3 gam hỗn hợp muối khan. Nồng độ mol của
NO3- là :
A. 0,2M. B. 0,3M. C. 0,6M. D. 0,4M.
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Bài 18. Cho dung dịch X chứa 0,1 mol Al3+, 0,2 mol Mg2+, 0,2 mol NO3-, x mol Cl-, y mol Cu2+. Cho dung dịch X tác
dụng với dung dịch AgNO3 dư thì thu được 86,1 gam kết tủa. Nếu cho 850 ml dung dịch NaOH 1M vào dung dịch X
thì khối lượng kết tủa thu được là
A. 26,4 gam. B. 25,3 gam. C. 21,05 gam. D. 20,4 gam.
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Bài 19. Dung dịch A chứa: 0,15 mol Ca2+ ; 0,6 mol Cl- ; 0,1 mol Mg2+ ; a mol HCO3- ; 0,4 mol Ba2+. Cô cạn
dung dịch A, thu được chất rắn B. Nung B trong không khí đến khối lượng không đổi thu được m gam chất
rắn khan. Giá trị của m là:
A. 105,5. B. 127,2. C. 102,2. D. 90,1.
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Bài 20. Dung dịch X gồm 0,25 mol Ba2+; 1,3 mol Na+; a mol OH- và b mol Cl-. Cho 400 ml dung dịch Y
(gồm H2SO4 0,25M; HCl 0,25M và ZnSO4 1M) vào dung dịch X. Sau khi các phản ứng kết thúc, thu được
kết tủa G. Nung toàn bộ G đến khối lượng không đổi thu được 69,59 gam chất rắn H. Giá trị của b là
A. 0,18 hoặc 0,58. B. 1,52 hoặc 0,48. C. 0,58 hoặc 1,62. D. 0,18 hoặc 1,22.
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Bài 21. Dung dịch X chứa đồng thời các ion Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- , HCO 3− và SO 24 − . Đun nóng dung dịch X
tới phản ứng hoàn toàn thu được 3,68 gam kết tủa, dung dịch Y và 2,24 lít khí thoát ra (đktc). Đem cô cạn
dung dịch Y thì thu được 13,88 gam chất rắn khan. Tổng khối lượng muối có trong dung dịch X ban đầu là
A. 17,76 gam. B. 35,76 gam. C. 23,76 gam. D. 22,84 gam.
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Bài 22. Có 500 ml dung dịch X chứa các ion: K+, HCO3-, Cl- và Ba2+. Lấy 100 ml dung dịch X phản ứng với
dung dịch NaOH dư, kết thúc các phản ứng thu được 19,7 gam kết tủa. Lấy 100 ml dung dịch X tác dụng với
dung dịch Ba(OH)2 dư, sau khi các phản ứng kết thúc thu được 29,55 gam kết tủa. Cho 200 ml dung dịch X
phản ứng với lượng dư dung dịch AgNO3; kết thúc phản ứng thu được 28,7 gam kết tủa. Mặt khác, nếu đun
sôi đến cạn 50 ml dung dịch X thì khối lượng chất rắn khan thu được là m gam. Giá trị m gần nhất với
A. 23,8. B. 14,2. C. 11,9. D. 10,1.
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Bài 23: dd A chứa các ion Ba2+ ; Mg2+ và Cl-
Nếu cho 100ml dd A phản ứng vừa đủ với 200ml dd H2SO4 thu được dung dịch có pH = 1
Nếu cho 200ml dd A phản ứng với 300ml dung dịch Ba(OH)2 0,05M thu được kết tủa B và dd C có pH = 12.
Tính nồng độ các ion có trong dung dịch A
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Bài 24. Hòa tan 4,53 gam một muối kép X có thành phần : Al3+, NH4+,SO42- và H2O kết tinh vào nước cho
đủ 100ml dung dịch (dung dịch Y).
- Cho 20ml dung dịch Y tác dụng với dung dịch NH3 dư được 0,156 gam kết tủa.
- Lấy 20ml dung dịch Y cho tác dụng với dung dịch Ba(OH)2 dư, đun nóng được 0,932 gam kết tủa.
Công thức của X là
A. Al.NH4(SO4)2.12H2O. B. Al2(SO4)3.2(NH4)2SO4.16H2O.
C. 2Al2(SO4)3.(NH4)2SO4.5H2O. D. Al2(SO4)3.(NH4)2SO4.12H2O
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Bài 25. Dung dịch X chứa các ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3- và Cl–, trong đó số mol của ion Cl– là 0,07. Cho 1/2
dung dịch X phản ứng với dung dịch NaOH (dư), thu được 2 gam kết tủa. Cho 1/2 dung dịch X còn lại phản
ứng với dung dịch Ca(OH)2 (dư), thu được 4,5 gam kết tủa. Mặt khác, nếu đun sôi đến cạn dung dịch X rồi
nung đến khối lượng không đổi thì thu được m gam chất rắn. Giá trị của m là
A. 8,79. B. 8,625. C. 6,865. D. 6,645
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Bài 26. Dung dịch X chứa các ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3- và Cl-, trong đó số mol của ion Cl- là 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung
dịch X phản ứng với dung dịch NaOH (dư), thu được 2 gam kết tủa. Cho 1/2 dung dịch X còn lại phản ứng
với dung dịch Ca(OH)2 (dư), thu được 3 gam kết tủa. Mặt khác, nếu đun sôi đến cạn dung dịch X thì thu
được m gam chất rắn khan. Giá trị của m là
A. 9,21 B. 9,26 C. 8,79 D. 7.47
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