MARKING GUIDELINE

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

PLUMBING THEORY N2

8 APRIL 2019

This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

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MARKING GUIDELINE -2-
PLUMBING THEORY N2

QUESTION 1: COLD WATER SUPPLY

1.1  Soft
 Hard
 Neutral
 Acidic
 Brackish water (Any 4 × 1) (4)

1.2
Clouds

Evaporation & Precipitation

Transpiration (Rain, Snow,
Hail…)
Precipitation
Evaporation & (Rain, Snow,
Transpiration Hail…)

Rivers, Oceans,
Underground Lakes
Water

Correctness 2
Correct labelling 4
TOTAL 6 (6)

1.3  To conserve soap

 To improve quality of water
 To better the taste
 To better the odour of water (4)

1.4 1.4.1  Chlorine

 Ozone
 Chlorine dioxide
 Ammonia (with chlorine)
 Calcium hypochlorite (bleach powder)
 Sodium hypochlorite (Any 3 × 1)

1.4.2  Gas,
 Powder
 Liquid
 Solid pill form (Any 3 × 1)
(3 × 2) (6)
[20]

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PLUMBING THEORY N2

QUESTION 2: HOT WATER SUPPLY

2.1  A pressure reducing valve is a valve used to control and to reduce the
incoming water mains supply pressure to a required pressure value.
 It is a valve mechanism that maintains and regulates the incoming supplied
water pressure for a system at a pre-set limit of the specific valve.
(Any 1 × 2) (2)
2.2 2.2.1 A vacuum breaker has a washer plate with a washer and is held in
position with a thin spring. When in operation in the installation,
the water pressure forces the washer against its seat and thus
prevents water from flowing out of the fitting. When the water
supply is interrupted and water is drawn from the system, a low
pressure (lower than atmospheric) will be created in the system.
When the pressure in the system drops to below 25 kPa,
atmospheric pressure on the outside of the washer will overcome
the force in the spring and open the passage into the valve (thus
into the system). The pressure will then be equalled and
symphonic action will be prevented. (Any 4 × 1) (4)
2.2.2 When the temperature reaches 93–98 degrees Celsius the very
stable wax in the probe expands rapidly. The plug above the wax
then exerts an upward force against the piston. The force
overcomes the force in the spring and the piston with washer is
lifted off the seat of the outlet. The water passage is thus opened
and the very hot water is moved out. The water in the system is
cooled by the incoming cold water. When the water reaches a
temperature of not lower than 75 degrees Celsius the wax
contracts and TP- safety valve closes. (Any 4 × 1) (4)

2.3

(8)

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PLUMBING THEORY N2

2.4  Not very effective in the periods of no direct sunlight (cloudy times).
 Costly installation
 Unsightly on roofs
 Added weight to roof structure (Any 2 × 1) (2)
[20]

QUESTION3: DRAINAGE

3.1 A two-pipe system, is a system where there are two distinctly separate
discharge stacks where one soil and vent pipe discharge soil water directly
into the underground drain, one waste and one vent pipe, which first
discharge the waste water into a gully and then into the underground drain. (2)

3.2

(7)

3.3  Human health and hygiene will be compromised by poor sanitation and
drainage works. (2 x 1)
 Detecting leaks from underground drainage systems may take a while
to detect damaging foundation. (2 x 1)
 Years of carefree and effective service should be ensured through high
quality materials and workmanship. (2 x 1) (6)

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PLUMBING THEORY N2

3.4  Pipes must be laid according to the specified gradient shown on the plan.
 The pipes must be laid in a straight line between the points illustrated on
the drawing.
 Make sure that the drainpipes and their joints are laid evenly on the
bedding material.
 Do not try to level sections of pipes or joints by putting more bedding
material under them.
 When accurate levels have been determined, according to the drawing,
drainpipes can be laid down.
 If while you were excavating the trench soil was loosened at the bottom
of it, ensure to compact the bottom of the trench well, before laying
bedding material.
 After bedding material has been laid to the top, it should be compacted.
 After drainpipes have been laid, fill in the trench covering the pipes.
 Before you backfill the trench you may need to cover the pipes with
bedding material.
 Drainpipes that are laid underneath buildings must strictly adhere to
regulations which protect the drainpipes.
 Pipes made from rigid material such as cast iron, should be encased in
concrete.
 A concrete slab is laid over flexible drainpipes in order to protect it.
 A sleeve is used to protect drainpipes which pass through the structural
walls of buildings.
 Until you have tested the system, leave sections of the installation open
to provide easy access to joints, for testing and necessary repairing
purposes. (Any 5 × 1) (5)

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PLUMBING THEORY N2

3.5

2
Outbuilding
6
3 Stubstack with 50 Ø G
vent as off-shoot
1 RE 2
5

110 Ø uPVC
1 Water closet WC RE 1
U/G Drainpipe
2 Sink S

3
Wash hand
WHB 4
basin Stubstack 1

Single Junction
(unvented)

110 Ø x 45°
4 Bath B
3 5
5 Shower SW

6 Wash trough WT G
Dwelling

2
Effective layout 4

U/G Drainpipe
110 Ø uPVC
Economical layout 4
Gulley (at least ONE) 1
Cleaning provision 2
IE at sewer connection 1
RE at sewer connection 1
Abbr: Sanitary detail (2 × ½) 1
Abbr: Drainage detail (2 × ½) 1
IE
RE 3
CONNECTION
SEWER

BOUNDARY LINE

SEWER
(15)
[35]

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PLUMBING THEORY N2

QUESTION 4: PATTERN DEVELOPMENT

4.1.1

(7)

4.1.2

(8)
[15]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -8-
PLUMBING THEORY N2

QUESTION 5: CALCULATIONS

DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT TOTAL

PRICE

1 150 litre × 400 kPa Horizontal geyser 1

2 400 kPa Temperature and pressure safety valve 1

3 Vacuum breaker 2

4 15 mm Stopcock 2

5 22 mm Stopcock 1

6 400 kPa Combination pressure control and relief valve 1

7 22 mm Equal Tee 6

8 22 × 22 × 15 Tee 6

9 22 × 15 × 22 Tee 2

10 15 mm × ½ Female Tee/Swivel Tee 2

11 Basin tap set 2

12 Bath tap set 2

13 Sink mixer taps 1

14 22 mm Holder bats/Pipe clips 20

Any TEN suitably labelled components [10]

TOTAL: 100

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