Name: - Nishad Dudhe

Roll No.: - 4355

PRN: - 0220200095

Subject: - Sustainable Energy (SE)

Topic: -Similarities and Differences of Energy
Conservation and Energy Efficiency of US And
India.

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Energy Conservation: -
Energy conservation is the decision and practice of using less energy. Turning off the light
when you leave the room, unplugging appliances when they’re not in use and walking instead
of driving are all examples of energy conservation. The two main reasons people conserve
energy are to gain more control over their energy bill and reduce the demand on the earth’s
natural resources.

SIMILARITIES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY

EFFICIENCY OF US AND INDIA

India has made substantial progress in terms of improving the efficiency of energy use and
this is evident from the observed reductions in energy intensity of GDP. Such reductions have
been observed not only with respect to the overall Indian economy but even with respect to
major sectors of the economy. In terms of energy intensity of GDP, India occupies relatively
higher position among the major countries of the world. India needs to continue to reduce
energy intensities while ensuring its large deprived section of population gradually migrates
into energy mainstream. Any new policies on energy efficiency need to account for these
aberrations in order to facilitate modern energy access.

India has emerged as one of the fast growing economies of the world necessitating equally
rapid increase in modern energy consumption. With an imminent global climate change
threat, India will have difficulties in continuing with this rising energy use levels towards
achieving high economic growth

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India’s position among the top 30 countries in terms of energy intensity of GDP in 2007 (MJ per
PPP $ 2007). Source: Estimates based on World Bank (2008) and BP (2008).

Per capita CO2 emissions (excluding emissions from land use, land use changes and forestry)
of the top 10 per cent of Indians are similar to per capita emissions of the bottom 20 per cent
of Americans.

The per capita CO2 emissions of the richest 10 per cent Indians are about 4.4 tonnes. In
comparison, the per capita emissions of the richest 10 per cent Americans are 52.4 tonnes—
almost 12 times higher than that of the richest Indians.

The per capita CO2 emissions of the poorest 10 per cent Americans are about 2.4 tonnes.
This is 60 per cent higher than the average per capita CO2 emissions of India.

If we rely only on efficiency improvements, it is near impossible to meet the Paris Agreement
goal. Efficiency is not sufficiency—without addressing consumption it would be near
impossible to meet the climate target.

The idea of an ultimate win-win—to consume but not pollute is a mirage. The question the
world faces today is not whether consumption should be curtailed, but how. The definition of
sustainable consumption and production must reflect this.

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 DIFFERENCES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY OF US AND INDIA

Improvement in CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion and Change in Real GDP (2000–
2005). Data source: IEA, CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2007. Produced using energy
balances and the default methodologies and emissions factors from the revised IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

▪ One American consumes 34 times the electricity at home that an Indian consumes.

▪ Nearly 9 out of 10 Americans commute using a car or van, compared to 1 in 10

Indians.

▪ The average per capita consumption in the U.S. is 36 times higher than India's, with
the average American spending 15 times more on food — and 50 times more on
housing.

The lifestyle of many Indians creates a relatively small carbon footprint. Deep inside India's
coal producing region, residents may live on mineral rich land, but they are impoverished. In
the village of Boka Pahari in the mining state of Jharkhand, fires from coal seams lick ever
closer to the doorstep of villagers' homes, forcing them out. As they leave, the community has
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collapsed amid recriminations: they attack each other over who stayed, who left and who got
compensated.

Divided, suspicious and sick from smoky fumes, these inhabitants, some of them miners,
embody what it means to be poor. And 300 million more Indians like them live on less than
$1.25 a day.

If you're poor in India, you don't own appliances. You don't own a car. If you're lucky, you
have enough electricity to charge a mobile phone. This existence throws into stark relief the
global inequities at the heart of the climate change crisis, says Narain.

The experience of two countries diverse in culture, economic and technical strength
present one common cause for limited success—the gross inadequacy of trained people
in the field of energy conservation. Lack of due awareness of the benefits of the practice
is again an impediment in both. In India too, these are the reasons for the slow progress
even now despite the fact that the initiatives were taken more than three decades back.