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A teacher leads her pupils to the gate where parents are waiting to fetch their children at Pinyahan Elementary School in Quezon City on Wednesday (Nov. 2, 2022). Classes in public elementary
and high schools have returned to five days of face-to-face classes beginning Wednesday.
Face mask use in work-
places now voluntary
except in 3 areas
BY FERDINAND PATINIO
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – The Department of Labor
and Employment (DOLE) has issued
guidelines on the voluntary wearing of
masks in workplaces nationwide.
The measure is stipulated in Labor
Advisory No. 22 dated Nov. 2 and signed
by Secretary Bienvenido Laguesma.
“This Advisory shall cover all work-
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The wearing of face masks in workplaces
shall be voluntary,” it added.
However, the DOLE said the manda- 22
tory mask rule will remain in effect in
three places. `
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2 NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY

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FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
BARMM, 3 other regions under state of
calamity for 6 months
BY RUTH ABBEY GITA-
CARLOS
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – President Ferdi-
nand R. Marcos Jr. has signed
a proclamation placing the
regions of Calabarzon, Bicol,
and Western Visayas, as well as
the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao
(BARMM) under a state of ca-
lamity for six months.
Marcos on Wednesday inked
Proclamation 84, placing the four
regions under a state of calamity
in the aftermath of the former
Severe Tropical Storm Paeng.
Under the proclamation, the
state of calamity shall remain in
force and effect for six months,
“unless earlier lifted by the
President.”
He heeded the recommen-
dation of the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Manage-
ment Council (NDRRMC) to
declare a state of calamity after
Paeng “caused the loss of lives,
5K indigents get Comelec to follow SC
P40M in medical on fate of 2022 polls
aid from Oct. 24- transmission logs
28: PCSO
BY CHRISTOPHER LLOYD
CALIWAN
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – The Philip-
pine Charity Sweepstakes Of-
fice (PCSO) has released over
PHP40.51 million in medical as-
sistance to a total of 5,269 eligi-
ble beneficiaries nationwide for
the period Oct. 24 to 28, 2022.
Citing the latest data released
on Thursday, the state lottery
agency said the funds were re-
leased to beneficiaries through its
Medical Access Program (MAP).
In Luzon, the beneficiaries
include 745 indigents from the
National Capital Region who re-
ceived PHP10.7 million worth of
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. led the distribution of calamity aid in one
of the evacuation centers in Dato Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao del Norte on
November 1, 2022. (OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT/FACEBOOK)
destruction of property, dam-
age to agriculture and critical
infrastructures, and disruption
of means of livelihood and nor-
mal way of life of the popula-
tions in the affected areas.”
“More than 1.4 million of the
populations in Regions 4-A (Cal-
abarzon), 5 (Bicol Region), 6
(Western Visayas) and the Bang-
samoro Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
were adversely affected by Severe
assistance; 1,623 from Northern
and Central Luzon who were given
PHP11.8 million while 1,540 from
the Southern Tagalog and Bicol Re-
gion who received PHP9.4 million.
In the Visayas, 1,184 individ-
uals were provided with PHP7.2
million in medical aid while 177
individuals received PHP1.1
million in Mindanao.
The MAP, formerly known
as the Individual Medical As-
sistance Program, is designed
to augment medical assistance
for indigent Filipinos, particu-
larly for hospital confinement,
chemotherapy, dialysis, and
post-transplant medicines.
The program is funded by
revenues from PCSO games na-
tionwide. ■
Tropical Storm Paeng,” Marcos
said in the proclamation.
“Now, therefore, I, Ferdi-
nand R. Marcos Jr., President
of the Philippines, by virtue
of the powers vested in me by
the Constitution and exist-
ing laws, do hereby declare a
State of Calamity in Regions
4-A (Calabarzon), 5 (Bicol Re-
gion), 6 (Western Visayas) and
the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao
BY FERDINAND PATINIO
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – The Commission
on Elections (Comelec) said
Thursday it would abide by the
ruling of the Supreme Court (SC)
on the petition filed regarding the
preservation of the transmission
logs of the May 9, 2022 national
and local elections.
Comelec spokesperson John
Rex Laudiangco made the re-
mark in response to the filing of
a petition for mandamus by for-
mer Department of Information
and Communications Technol-
ogy (DICT) Secretary Eliseo Rio
to extend the preservation of the
data logs of the last polls.
“The Comelec, as always, will
abide by any order or process of
the Honorable Supreme Court.
www.canadianinquirer.net
Philippine News
(BARMM) because of Severe
Tropical Storm Paeng.”
According to Proclamation
84, the declaration of a state of
calamity would enable the gov-
ernment, as well as the private
sector, to “hasten the rescue,
recovery, relief, and rehabilita-
tion efforts.”
Placing the affected regions
under a state of calamity will
also help “effectively control”
the prices of basic necessities
and prime commodities, it read.
Under the proclamation, the
national government and the
local government units (LGUs)
would be given “ample lati-
tude” to use appropriate funds
for rescue, recovery, relief, and
rehabilitation efforts.
Proclamation 84 will also en-
sure the “continuous” provision
of basic services to the affected
populations, based on the law.
“All government depart-
ments, agencies, and instru-
mentalities concerned are
hereby directed to continue
implementing and executing
This is a much welcome devel-
opment wherein all parties,
including the Comelec, will be
able to conclusively respond
to all issues under judicial pro-
cesses,” Laudiangco said in a
statement.
He noted that similar re-
quests may be filed by the public
if they have questions regarding
the automated elections.
“But as we have consistent-
ly stated as regards citizens
who may have issues relative
to the electoral processes, the
Comelec Rules of Procedure, as
well as the Rules on Civil Pro-
cedure (Rules of Court), pro-
vide for the proper avenues by
which these may be properly
ventilated within the ambit of
due processes of law and public
order,” Laudiangco said.
In his petition filed Thursday
3
rescue, recovery, relief, and
rehabilitation measures in ac-
cordance with pertinent opera-
tional plans and directives,” the
proclamation stated.
“All departments and other
concerned government agen-
cies are also directed to coordi-
nate with the LGUs to provide
or augment the basic services
and facilities of affected areas.
Law enforcement agencies,
with support from the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, are
directed to undertake all neces-
sary measures to ensure peace
and order in affected areas.”
The proclamation allows
the President to include oth-
er areas in the declaration of a
state of calamity “if warranted,”
taking into consideration the
continuing damage assessment
in affected areas and based on
the recommendation of the
NDRRMC and the conditions
provided by law and issuances.
A copy of the proclamation
was uploaded on the official web-
site of the Official Gazette. ■
morning, Rio requested the SC
to extend the preservation of
the logs for them to verify their
observations of a discrepancy
between the transmissions to
the transparency server and the
central server.
Under the Cybercrime Pre-
vention Act of 2012, computer
data shall be preserved for a
minimum of six months from
the date of the transaction, and
authorities may order a one-
time extension for another six
months before they are allowed
to be destroyed.
The poll body earlier said the
data logs from the 2022 polls
could be accessed through the
Joint Congressional Oversight
Committee on the Automated
Election System. ■
4 Philippine News
PH lifts quarantine for
unvaxxed inbound travelers
BY AZER PARROCHA
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – President Ferdi-
nand R. Marcos Jr. has signed
a resolution lifting the quaran-
tine requirement for travelers
entering the Philippines who
are either unvaccinated, par-
tially vaccinated, or whose vac-
cination status cannot be inde-
pendently validated.
In a tweet, Foreign Affairs
Undersecretary Brigido Dulay
confirmed that the President
has signed the Inter-Agency
Task Force for the Management
of Emerging Infectious Diseas-
es (IATF-EID) Resolution No. 2
allowing inbound travelers sans
quarantine.
Under the resolution, inbound
Senate set to approve
P30-B calamity fund for
2023: Angara
BY WILNARD BACELONIA
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – Senator Sonny
Angara said on Wednesday the
government’s national disaster
risk reduction management
fund (NDRRMF), known as
calamity fund 2023, which the
19th Congress will approve, is
roughly at PHP30 billion.
Angara said this calamity fund
is larger than the previous years.
“Given the increased fre-
quency and magnitude of re-
cent typhoons, this is appropri-
ate. Certainly, the committee
will always be open to changes
which may help our people
during these difficult times and
which will improve the govern-
ment’s response to these calam-
ities,” he said in a statement.
In a recent statement, Senate
President Juan Miguel Zubi-
ri said the Senate is currently
reviewing and making adjust-
ments to the proposed calamity
fund for 2023.
“With the recent earthquake
travelers will still have to present
a negative result of a laborato-
ry-based rapid antigen test.
“Filipinos and foreign nation-
als 15 years or older shall pres-
ent a remotely supervised or a
laboratory-based rapid antigen
negative test result adminis-
tered and certified by a health-
care professional in a health-
care facility, laboratory, clinic,
pharmacy, or other similar es-
tablishments taken within 24
hours prior to the date and time
of departure from the country
of origin/first port of embarka-
tion in a continuous travel to the
Philippines, excluding lay-overs;
provided, that, he/she has not
left the airport premises or has
not been admitted into another
country during such lay-over,”
the resolution read.
in Abra, and now (super trop-
ical storm) Paeng, we need
to strengthen the capacity of
the NDRRMC [National Di-
saster, Risk Reduction and
Management Council] and re-
lated agencies and local govern-
ments,” Zubiri said.
“We need to fix our fragment-
ed disaster management efforts
and adopt a whole-of-govern-
ment approach going forward,”
he added.
Senator Sonny Angara (BIBO NUEVA ESPAÑA/SENATE PRIB VIA SENATE OF THE PHILIPPINES/FACEBOOK)
Inbound travelers who fail to
present a negative pre-depar-
ture test result will be required
to undergo a laboratory-based
rapid antigen test upon arrival
at the airport.
Accompanied minors below
15 years old who are unvacci-
nated must follow quarantine
protocols of their parents or an
accompanying adult or guard-
ian traveling with them.
Unaccompanied minors be-
low 15 years old who are unvacci-
nated must also follow protocols.
Inbound travelers who test
positive for Covid-19 through
rapid antigen tests must be sub-
jected to prevailing quarantine
and isolation protocols of the
Department of Health.
Meanwhile, pre-departure
testing for fully vaccinated in-
For this year, the national
government approved PHP20.7
billion of calamity funds out of
the PHP5.02 trillion 2022 bud-
get wherein PHP5.9 billion was
already used under the Duterte
administration and there was
still PHP14.7 billion left when the
Marcos administration came in.
After all the senate budget
deliberations for the 2023 bud-
❱❱ PAGE 11 Senate set to
www.canadianinquirer.net
Passengers at the check-in counter of Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA) Terminal 3 on April 13, 2022. (AVITO DALAN/PNA)
bound travelers will no longer
be required.
A fully vaccinated person
must have received the primary
series Covid-19 vaccine more
than 14 days prior to the date
and time of departure from the
country of origin or port of em-
barkation.
They must also present a
World Health Organization
International Certificate of
Vaccination and Prophylaxis;
VaxCertPH; national or state
manual/digital vaccination cer-
PH in ‘full
compliance’ with
EU maritime grie-
vances: MARINA
BY RAYMOND CARL DELA
CRUZ
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – The Maritime In-
dustry Authority (MARINA) on
Thursday disputed reports that
Filipino seafarers are in danger
of losing their jobs in ships from
the European Union (EU) over
non-compliance with EU mari-
time standards.
MARINA said the country
submitted a report in March
on its “full compliance” to the
European Commission’s griev-
ances on the country’s imple-
mentation of the Standards
of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping (STCW) Con-
vention for Seafarers 1978.
The report contains a re-
sponse and strategic action
plan to address the grievances.
“It was the result of close col-
laboration among government
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
tificate of the country/foreign
government; and other proof of
vaccination.
Currently, masks are no lon-
ger required in indoor and out-
door settings in the Philippines.
Last month, Marcos empha-
sized the need to improve access
to the country’s tourist destina-
tions to attract more visitors.
He also underscored the need
to ensure that these destinations
are accessible through improved
tourism infrastructure. ■
agencies and maritime industry
stakeholders representing mar-
itime education and training,
ship management and man-
ning, and seafarers,” it said in
a statement posted on its Face-
book page.
It emphasized that reports
saying the Philippines has not
been complying with the Euro-
pean Maritime Safety Agency
(EMSA) are “false.”
Earlier, Department of Mi-
grant Workers (DMW) Secre-
tary Susan Ople also debunked a
report that President Ferdinand
R. Marcos Jr. has “stripped” MA-
RINA of any role in the training
and accreditation process due
to the country’s failure to pass
EMSA evaluations.
She said Marcos directed
the various agencies of the De-
partment of Transportation to
come up with a joint implemen-
tation plan to address the con-
cerns raised by EMSA. ■
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022 5

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6 Philippine News
Paeng onslaught SC explains decision to
prods DHSUD to proceed with Bar exams
address housing
backlog
BY ZALDY DE LAYOLA
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – Department of
Human Settlements and Urban
Development (DHSUD) Secre-
tary Jose Rizalino Acuzar has
shown strong commitment and
determination to address the
country’s housing backlog in
compliance with President Fer-
dinand Marcos Jr.’s directive.
Acuzar expressed this sentiment
following the onslaught of Severe
Tropical Storm Paeng that claimed
numerous lives and destroyed in-
frastructures including houses in
many parts of the country.
He said President Marcos’
desire to fill the housing gap
was evidenced by his recent en-
gagements with stakeholders to
tackle the matter.
Last Friday, the President in-
spected the Bagong Sibol Hous-
ing Project in Barangay Nang-
ka, Marikina City and discussed
the plan to build shelters for
10,000 minimum wage earners
and government employees.
This project is among the first
under the Marcos administra-
tion’s flagship Pambansang Pa-
bahay para sa Pilipino Program.
A day earlier, the Chief Execu-
tive also hosted a dinner meeting
with Acuzar, along with other
key DHSUD officials, members
of his economic team, govern-
ment financial institutions and
top executives of private banks -
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. leads the site inspection of the Department
of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) Land Development
and Housing Project in Barangay Nangka, Marikina City on October 28, 2022.
(REY BANIQUET VIA PHILIPPINE NEWS AGENCY/FACEBOOK)
to rally support for the program.
“These activities are clear
testaments of the President’s
unwavering effort to help or-
dinary Filipinos realize their
dream of owning decent, af-
fordable homes,” Acuzar said,
adding that these will definitely
boost the program.
Under the Pambansang Pa-
bahay para sa Pilipino Program,
DHSUD is tasked to build 1 mil-
lion housing units every year in
the next six years to address the
country’s housing backlog pegged
at more than 6.5 million units.
So far, DHSUD has broken
ground in seven areas of Luzon,
including Marikina City and Que-
zon City in the National Capital
Region, Visayas and Mindanao.
During the Marikina City in-
spection, the President was able
to talk with Mayor Marcelino Te-
odoro and heads of DHSUD key
shelter agencies, namely, PagIBIG
Fund, the National Housing Au-
thority, Social Housing Finance
Corporation, the National Home
Mortgage Finance Corporation
and the Human Settlements Ad-
judication Commission.
He discussed with Acuzar
and other housing and local
government unit officials the
master plan for the five-hectare
housing project site.
“On behalf of DHSUD and
our KSAs, I would like to ex-
press my sincerest gratitude
to the President for his all-out
support,” Acuzar said. ■
BY BENJAMIN PULTA
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – The Supreme
Court (SC) on Thursday said oth-
er factors other than the damag-
es wrought by Severe Tropical
Storm Paeng were considered
in deciding to continue with this
year’s Bar examinations which
will commence next week.
In a statement, Associate Jus-
tice Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa,
the chairperson of the 2022 Bar
examinations committee, said
that among the factors consid-
ered was the extent of damage and
possible effects of Paeng on all the
Local Testing Centers (LTCs) and
all the Local Government Units
(LGUs) covering said LTCs.
“Importantly, all the LGUs
and all the LTCs categorically
indicated that they remain pre-
pared and ready to participate
in the 2022 Bar Examinations
as scheduled,” he said.
Tutorial lessons, health
care imperative in
learning recovery
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – A nationwide pro-
gram for learning recovery and
health care measures should be
integrated into the country’s
basic education which will fi-
nally implement full face-to-
face classes in public schools by
Wednesday.
In a news release on Tuesday,
Senator Sherwin Gatchalian
said his Senate Bill No. 155, or
the Academic Recovery and Ac-
cessible Learning (ARAL) Act,
will include well-systematized
tutorial sessions and well-de-
signed remediation plans.
It targets learners who did
not enroll in School Year 2020-
2021 when the pandemic began,
are lagging academically, and
are at or marginally above the
minimum level of mastery re-
www.canadianinquirer.net
The Supreme Court of the Philippines building in Manila, Philippines. (MIKE
GONZALEZ (THECOFFEE) - OWN WORK/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS, CC BY-SA 3.0)
Caguioa also said that the
Court, in balancing the needs of
all the examinees, has consid-
ered both those who may have
been adversely affected by STS
Paeng and are informally re-
questing its postponement, as
well as those who are keen on
taking it as scheduled, lest their
lives be put on hold for longer.
He said the SC also considered
the hundreds of personnel and
volunteers “who have rearranged
quired in Language, Mathemat-
ics, and Science.
He also asked the Department
of Health (DOH) and Depart-
ment of Education (DepEd) to
make sure teachers and learners
are protected against Covid-19
and other illnesses.
Data from the DOH National
Vaccination Operations Center
showed that as of August, only
26.94 percent of children aged 5
to 11 and 76.41 percent in the 12
to 17 group are fully vaccinated.
“Matapos ang mahigit dal-
awang taon ng paghihintay, sa
wakas ay masasaksihan na natin
ang pagbabalik ng lahat ng mga
mag-aaral sa face-to-face class-
es. Kasabay nito, dapat nating
tiyakin ang kanilang kaligtasan,
pati na ng kanilang mga guro
(After more than two years of
waiting, we will now witness
the return to face-to-face class-
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
their professional and personal
lives in order to serve and con-
tribute to the success of the Bar
Examinations this November.”
“Taking all these into consid-
eration, it is the examined posi-
tion of the Court that the 2022
Bar Examinations on November
9, 13, 16 and 20, 2022 will push
through as scheduled,” he said.
Nevertheless, Caguioa
❱❱ PAGE 11 SC explains decision
es. We must ensure the safety
of learners and teachers),” said
Gatchalian, chair of the Com-
mittee on Basic Education.
He called on the DOH and
DepEd to ensure maximum
vaccination coverage among
teachers and learners aside
from strict health protocols
such as the installation of hand-
washing and adequate sanita-
tion facilities and school-based
vaccination.
The lack of face-to-face class-
es for one year would cost the
economy PHP11 trillion in pro-
ductivity losses in the next 40
years, based on the study of the
National Economic and Devel-
opment Authority.
Private schools still have
the option to conduct blended
learning. (With a report from
Leonel Abasola/PNA) ■
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Lawmaker wants learners’ records
protected vs. calamities
BY LEONEL ABASOLA
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – Senator Sherwin
Gatchalian has filed a bill seek-
ing the creation of the Nation-
al Public School Database to
protect the records of learners
against natural and man-made
calamities.
Under his Senate Bill No. 478
or the Public School Database
Act, the Department of Edu-
cation (DepEd) is mandated to
develop, operate, and maintain a
national public school database
that contains learner informa-
tion, which includes, but not
limited to, school grades, per-
sonal data, good moral record,
and improvement tracking.
Release of dam water
calculated, coordinated
with agencies
BY MARITA MOAJE
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – The National
Irrigation Administration on
Wednesday assured the public
that the release of water from
dams would always be gradu-
al, calculated and coordinated
with concerned government
agencies.
NIA Administrator Benny
Antiporda made the assur-
ance following claims that
flash floods that happened at
the height of the onslaught of
Severe Tropical Storm Paeng
were due to the unannounced
release of water from dams.
Antiporda maintained that
the agency would not signal the
release of water from any dam
unless it is coordinated with
other national government
agencies and local government
units. At the same time, resi-
dents are also notified ahead.
“One thing that we can say,
hindi po mangyayari na iyong
tinatawag natin noong araw na
nangyayari po iyong flashflood
Gatchalian noted that phys-
ical documents are easily dam-
aged and lost due to fragile
storage, flood, fire, and other
disasters.
He said by establishing a data-
base, school records, important
documents are preserved and
become easily accessible to help
with assessment, planning, and
setting of operational targets.
The bill provides that school
administrators shall be given
access to the National Public
School Database containing
learner records and other learn-
er specific data, including exam
scores, grade levels, attendance,
and immunization records.
“This is to help with the re-
cording of biographical data
for all learners, handling ad-
dahil po sa Magat Dam. Iyan po
ay hindi na mangyayari dahil la-
hat po ng actions po natin dito
sa Magat (the flash flood that
happened before because of
Magat Dam will never happen
again because all our actions
here in Magat) is fully coordi-
nated with the NDRRMC [Na-
tional Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council], fully
coordinated with PAGASA and,
of course, with the LGUs [local
government units],” Antiporda
said during the Laging Handa
briefing.
“And people are notified as
early as possible ‘no bago po
tayo magpakawala ng tubig;
hours before ay nagsa-siren po
tayo, nagkakaroon po ng text
blasts at full coordination (be-
fore we release water, we sound
the siren hours before, we do
text blasts and full coordina-
tion),” he added.
Antiporda also vowed that
what transpired in 2020 when
Cagayan Valley was hit by a
flash flood after Magat Dam re-
leased water through its seven
spillway gates at the height of
Philippine News 7
missions and discharges, and contained in the National Pub- tion in the database shall be in
the transfer of learners to other lic School Database. accordance with the provisions
schools,” he said in a news re- The bill provides that access to of Republic Act No. 10173 or the
lease on Wednesday. and the processing of informa- Data Privacy Act of 2012. ■
Gatchalian also proposes a
Database Information Program
to train education professionals
in the development and mainte-
nance of the information in the
National Public School Database.
“The National Public School
Database will serve as a mech-
anism to provide timely, rele-
vant, and accurate information
to school heads and teachers
that will help them perform
their administrative tasks more
efficiently,” Gatchalian said in
the bill’s explanatory note.
The DepEd is mandated to Grade-4 Narra pupils of Pinyahan Elementary School in Quezon City raise their
ensure the security and confi- hands to answer the question of teacher Melody Abenales on Nov. 2, 2022.
dentiality of the information (JOEY O. RAZON/PNA)
Solon wants
animals evacuated
too during
Typhoon Ulysses will not hap-
pen again.
The extensive flooding,
calamities
which residents described as Philippine News Agency ate animals such as farm cara-
the worst in 40 years, affected baos and chickens but this would
22 cities and municipalities in be on a limited scale. Our House
the province. MANILA – A ranking law- Bill 1915 (Animal Calamity Res-
In the case of last week’s maker wants the rescue of live- cue Act) seeks to have formal
onslaught of Severe Tropical stock and work an- animal and livestock
Storm Paeng, NIA conducted imals made part of rescue measures in
a preemptive release of wa- disaster response place nationwide,”
ter when it opened one gate government policy he added.
of Magat Dam by one meter as and operations. Delos Santos
the storm continued to dump “The government They said he foresees lo-
water. This is to ensure the lacks guidelines on could find cal agriculture and
190-meter spilling level is not this. There should environment of-
exceeded. be efforts to evac- ways to ficers having “key
The dam, however, is still at uate livestock and evacuate roles, mobilize local
the critical level of 190.68 me- work animals be- residents and en-
ters Wednesday. cause families and both terprises, and des-
“Ang ginagawa po natin, bago enterprises espe- people ignate temporary
ho tayo mag-release kinabu- cially in the prov- holding areas for
kasan ng tubig, 24 hours po inces will depend and rescued animals.”
iyan, ano po, nagbibigay po tayo on these animals animals. “If mayors and
ng notice sa kanila; inaapruba- post-disaster for governors work
han po ng PAGASA iyan bago their livelihood,” with the constit-
tayo magbukas (What we do said House Depu- uents on rescuing
before we release the water the ty Majority Leader animals, it can be
next day, we made sure that we Representative Al- feasibly done. They
notify them; PAGASA will ap- fred delos Santos in a statement could find ways to evacuate both
prove it first before we open),” on Tuesday. people and animals. They just
he said. ■ “Some provinces help evacu- have to prepare for it,” he said. ■
www.canadianinquirer.net
8 Philippine News
Correspondent/Hosts
Joanna Belle Deala
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Babes Newland
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Member
PBBM vows more infra that will
bring comfort, progress to Pinoys
BY AZER PARROCHA
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – President Ferdinand R.
Marcos Jr. believes that the government
owes it to the Filipino people to build
major roads and critical infrastruc-
ture that will spur progress and social
change, promote interconnectivity, ease
traffic and reduce travel time.
He made this remark after he wit-
nessed on Thursday the signing of two
contracts that will finance the civil works
of four stations of the Metro Manila Sub-
way-Contract Packages 102 (CP102) and
103 (CP103).
In his speech after the signing of the
contracts, Marcos assured the public,
particularly commuters, that the gov-
ernment will strive to provide a more
efficient public transportation system in
the country.
“We owe it to the Filipino people to
build major roads and critical infra-
structure that will not only spur prog-
ress and social change, but also promote
interconnectivity, ease traffic, and re-
duce travel time,” Marcos said.
“Let me assure you that the govern-
ment remains dedicated to maximizing
its resources to pursue even more ambi-
tious endeavors that will bring comfort
and progress to Filipinos all over the
country,” he added.
He also urged the Department of
Transportation (DOTr) to ensure the
smooth and faithful implementation of
all subway projects that are underway.
“The signing of these contract pack-
ages is a clear demonstration of this ad-
ministration’s commitment to pursuing
big infrastructure projects that will fos-
ter growth and revitalize the economy,”
Marcos said.
Meanwhile, Marcos thanked Japan for
partnering with the Philippines in pursu-
ing what he described as an “important
infrastructure development project.”
“The world recognizes Japan for hav-
ing a very efficient rail transport system,
Face mask use..
❰❰ 1 as ambulance and paramedic
rescue vehicles; and public trans-
portation by land, air, or sea.
“Elderly, immunocompromised, un-
vaccinated, and symptomatic individuals,
individuals with comorbidities, and preg-
nant women are highly encouraged to
wear face masks,” it added.
Despite this measure, the department
also said employers and workers must
work together to ensure safe and healthful
working conditions in accordance with the
www.canadianinquirer.net
which the Philippines aspires to one
day emulate,” Marcos told guests at the
Malacañang Palace.
He also expressed gratitude to the Ja-
pan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA) for providing financial support for
the implementation of CP102 and CP103.
“I thank you not only for this specific
project, I thank the JICA who have been
supporting the development of the Phil-
ippines for the last 50 years. Especially in
terms of our infrastructure projects and
even our agricultural projects,” he said.
He also acknowledged the Nishimat-
su-DMCI Joint Venture and Sumitomo
Mitsui Construction for working close-
ly with the Philippines in ensuring the
completion of these contract packages.
CP102, with a total contract amount
of approximately PHP21 billion, was
awarded to the joint venture of Nishi-
matsu Construction Co., Ltd. and D.M.
Consunji Inc (DMCI), while CP103 with
a total contract amount of approximate-
ly PHP28 billion was awarded to Sumi-
tomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd.
CP102 involves the construction of
the Quezon Avenue Station (located in-
side the former Manila Seedling Bank,
EDSA corner Quezon Avenue) and the
East Avenue Station (along V. Luna Av-
enue), including the connecting tunnels.
(BONGBONG MARCOS/FACEBOOK)
provisions of the Labor Code of the Philip-
pines, as amended by Republic Act 11058,
and minimum public health standards.
“Employers and their workers may
implement a policy requiring the wear-
ing of face masks, taking into account,
among others, the hazards and risks
(e.g., enclosed space and poor ventila-
tion), industry requirements (e.g.. food
safety), and incidence of other commu-
nicable diseases (e.g., flu and tubercu-
losis), including measures to address
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
CP103 involves constructing Anonas
Station (at Barangay Project 4, Quezon
City) and Camp Aguinaldo Station (in-
side Camp Aguinaldo), including the
connecting tunnels. The Anonas subway
station will interconnect with Light Rail
Transit Line 2 (LRT-2) Anonas Station.
Jobs and other opportunities
Meanwhile, Marcos said he is optimis-
tic that the subway projects will not only
ease the flow of people, goods, and ser-
vices in Metro Manila but also generate
jobs and opportunities for Filipinos.
“Even before it begins its operations,
it is already set to yield many fruits—
the implementation of the civil works
for Contract Package 102 and Contract
Package 103 alone is set to create thou-
sands of jobs and opportunities for many
Filipinos,” Marcos said.
Once operational, the project is ex-
pected to benefit more than half a mil-
lion passengers per day from as far
north as Valenzuela City to as far south
as Parañaque City.
“We hope to reduce the terrible sight
of going home at midnight along EDSA
and still seeing people waiting to take
the bus,” he said.
The project is also expected to reduce
❱❱ PAGE 11 PBBM vows more
noncompliance thereto pursuant to the
existing company policy, rules, and reg-
ulations,” it added.
The move is in compliance with Ex-
ecutive Order No. 7 signed by President
Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. on Oct. 28,
which lifted the country’s mask mandate
in indoor spaces.
The DOLE regional offices shall con-
tinuously provide appropriate assis-
tance to ensure safe and healthful work-
ing conditions in all workplaces. ■
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Bill 21 offends the constitutional
doctrine of neutrality to religion
BY BRIAN BIRD, DEREK
ROSS
Policy Options
No government in Canada is
empowered to enact legislation
that mandates religion or irreli-
gion as a precondition for par-
ticipation in public life.
The next chapter in the court
battle over Quebec’s Bill 21 – a
law that forbids a range of pro-
fessionals and public servants
in that province from wearing
religious symbols at work – will
unfold in November when Que-
bec’s highest court considers its
constitutionality.
The government of Que-
bec says that by clothing Bill
21 with Section 33 of the Ca-
nadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms – the so-called “not-
withstanding clause” – Bill 21 is
immune from claims rooted in
Charter rights such as freedom
of religion. Many commenta-
tors agree with this position,
even if they believe the law to
be disturbingly discriminatory.
However, we take the view
that Bill 21 is unconstitution-
al and that Section 33 does
not grant this law passage in
our constitutional waters. As
groups challenging the law
have argued, no government in
Canada, federal or provincial,
is empowered to enact legisla-
tion that mandates religion or
irreligion as a precondition for
participation in public life. This
principle, which existed before
the Charter, can not be extin-
guished by Section 33.
In our view, a core basis for
this principle is the constitu-
tional duty of state neutrali-
ty toward religion. This duty
equally forbids the state from
establishing a state religion and
from categorically excluding
religion from the public square.
By excluding many religious
citizens from their intended
careers, Quebec has unambig-
uously favoured irreligion and
violated its duty of neutrality.
Indeed, in a ruling last year,
Canada News
the Quebec Superior Court
judge who largely upheld Bill
21 (due to the notwithstanding
clause) noted that it involves
“advocating for the non-exis-
tence of religion,” the “disap-
pearance of a religious expres-
sion,” the “erasure of religion,”
and that it “sends the message
that people who practice their
faith do not deserve to partic-
ipate fully in Quebec society”
(unofficial translation).
This is antithetical to the
duty of state neutrality, which
seeks not to exclude but to in-
clude all religious and non-re-
ligious identities in the public
square equally, with neither
hindrance nor preference. In
various cases, the Supreme
Court has said this duty re-
quires the state to “[show] re-
spect for all postures towards
religion” (S.L. v. Commission
scolaire des Chênes), “encour-
age everyone to participate
freely in public life regardless
of their beliefs” (Mouvement
laïque québécois v. Saguenay),
“respect religious differences
[and] not seek to extinguish
them” (Loyola High School v.
Quebec), and not “promote the
participation of believers to the
exclusion of non-believers or
vice versa” (Saguenay).
Many readers familiar with
Canadian constitutional law
may be thinking that this duty of
neutrality flows from, and thus
depends on, the textual guar-
antee of religious freedom and
conscience in Section 2(a) of the
Charter. Some may argue that
the use of the notwithstanding
clause vis-à-vis Bill 21 mutes this
Charter freedom and the duty of
neutrality in this case.
This thinking resonates with
the Supreme Court’s latest
treatment of state neutrality in
Saguenay, in which the Court
noted that the duty “flows from”
freedom of conscience and reli-
gion. If the Supreme Court con-
siders the constitutionality of
Bill 21, it might follow this path.
In our view, however, the
Court should follow a different
path by recognizing the duty of
neutrality as an independent
constitutional doctrine that
does not depend on Section 2(a).
Indeed, in Saguenay, the
Court noted that the duty of
neutrality did not begin with
the Charter. Instead, it enjoyed
constitutional purchase be-
fore 1982. Constitutional rules
around education for religious
minorities adopted in 1867 are
an example. In Saumur v. City
of Quebec in 1953, Justice Ivan
Rand of the Supreme Court
noted that religious freedom
“has, in our legal system, been
recognized as a principle of fun-
damental character” since 1760.
In that same case, Justice
Charles Locke opined that pro-
tection for religious minorities
is “implicit in the language” of
the British North America Act
of 1867. Justice Roy Kellock,
in pointing to legislation en-
acted prior to Confederation,
described the “right to the exer-
cise and enjoyment of religious
profession” as “a fundamental
principle of the constitution of
the entire country.”
Summing up the matter in
Chaput v. Romain two years later,
Justice Jean-Thomas Taschere-
au stated there is no state religion
in Canada: “all religions are on an
equal footing” and no person is
“required to adhere to any belief”
(unofficial translation).
As the Court put it in Sa-
guenay in 2015, the “evolution
of Canadian society has given
rise to a concept of neutrality ac-
cording to which the state must
not interfere in religion and be-
liefs.” This might appear, at first
glance, to be in tension with the
Court’s comment that the duty
“flows from” the textual guar-
antee of freedom of conscience
and religion. In our view, the
two comments read together
suggest that, while Section 2(a)
reinforces the duty of neutrality,
it is not the sole source of it.
Indeed, the Court in Sa-
guenay also located synergies
between the duty of neutrali-
ty and other provisions of the
www.canadianinquirer.net
Charter. Fulfilling this duty
helps to “preserve and pro-
mote the multicultural nature
of Canadian society enshrined”
in Section 27. It also sustains a
“free and democratic society,”
which is what Section 1 declares
Canada to be. The pursuit of
this ideal – to borrow from Sa-
guenay – “requires the state to
encourage everyone to partici-
pate freely in public life regard-
less of their beliefs.”
The upshot from the relevant
case law is that the posture of
state neutrality toward religion
and non-religion is a fundamen-
tal feature of Canadian society
that had become embedded in
the Canadian Constitution be-
fore the time of the Charter in
1982. It might even be said that
freedom of conscience and re-
ligion were enshrined in the
Charter in part because of how
Canadian society had developed
before patriation with respect to
our understanding of the rela-
tionship between government,
religion and irreligion.
Some might be reluctant to
endorse an independent doc-
trine of state neutrality because,
as the trial judge observed in
the Bill 21 litigation, “unwrit-
ten principles cannot oppose
the written constitutional text”
(unofficial translation). Howev-
er, we have seen aspects of the
duty of neutrality articulated
9
in various corners of the Con-
stitution. The notwithstand-
ing clause can suspend Section
2(a) of the Charter, but that is
not the end of the story when
it comes to constitutionally
protecting religious minorities.
Charter provisions such as Sec-
tions 26, 29, and 31 indicate that
nothing in the Charter – includ-
ing Section 33 – extinguishes
protections located elsewhere
in the Constitution.
It strikes us that the duty of
neutrality is not an unwritten
principle but a prime example
of one of what the Supreme
Court of Canada recently de-
scribed as “structural doctrines
unstated in the written Consti-
tution per se, but necessary to
the coherence of, and flowing
by implication from, its archi-
tecture.” Such doctrines are
already a part of our constitu-
tional tradition. The doctrine of
paramountcy – which dictates
that a valid federal law will pre-
vail over a valid provincial law
where the two laws are contra-
dictory – is one example.Recog-
nizing the duty of neutrality as
an independent constitutional
doctrine does not place all re-
ligious freedom claims outside
the reach of the notwithstand-
ing clause. Many such claims
do not engage the duty of neu-
❱❱ PAGE 24 Bill 21 offends
10
Culture change at Hockey Canada is about
more than replacing those in charge
BY SAARA LIINAMAA,
University of Guelph
The Conversation
The phrase “culture change”
has been in the news lately
thanks to Hockey Canada’s
most recent debacle. There
have been widespread calls for a
cultural change at the sporting
body. Even the Prime Minister
has weighed in: “There’s a cul-
ture to change.”
You are not alone if you find
yourself wondering what this
means or how culture change
happens.
As a culture scholar who has
studied artistic, organizational
and even ice rink culture, see-
ing so much attention to culture
change is thrilling. At the same
time, I know culture change is
more multifaceted than recent
conversations about Hockey
Canada might suggest. Culture
change is a complex process, not
a readily packaged product or an
easily revised strategic plan.
Savvy how-to-guides aside, we
need to manage our expectations
around what culture change is
and how it can be successfully
implemented within organiza-
tions. Culture change is not a
magic bullet for ending misog-
yny, racism, classism, ableism
or anti-LGBTQ2I+ sentiments.
Culture change is not like an oil
change or wardrobe change. It
is not something we can accom-
plish on a tight deadline or with a
handful of adjustments.
Rather, the promise of cul-
ture change rests in a combina-
Canada to add 500K immigrants in 2025
ANADOLU
Philippine News Agency
TRENTON, Canada – Can-
ada plans to add 500,000 im-
migrants in 2025 to ensure
the economic prosperity of the
country, Immigration Minister
Sean Fraser said Tuesday.
That is on top of the 465,000
immigrants Canada expects to
welcome next year and up from
the 400,000 who arrived last year.
Canada News
tion of the following: Adopting
a nuanced definition of culture;
examining cultural norms and
attitudes; and understanding
the social relations and dynam-
ics that support culture change.
How are we defining culture?
Culture is a confusing term.
If you check a simple dictionary
entry, you will see it defined
as a way of life, the attitudes
and behaviours of particular
groups and artistic objects and
achievements. For this reason,
when people speak of hockey
culture, it can be hard to know
exactly what they mean.
Recent work on hockey, indi-
geneity and racialized minori-
ties in Canada demonstrates
how all of these definitions of
culture shape our understand-
ing of hockey. Hockey is diverse-
ly played, enjoyed, pictured and
organized in Canada, but not
everyone has the same access
to the game or recognition for
playing it. This sort of scholar-
ship helps us appreciate how
hockey culture can cultivate
both belonging and exclusion.
Culture change requires an
expanded definition of culture.
If we restrict our understand-
ing to just one dimension — like
the attitudes of Hockey Cana-
da’s leadership — the process
will only ever be half formed.
Cultural norms and attitudes
With this expanded notion
of culture, the overlap between
organizational culture (Hock-
ey Canada) and the culture of a
sport (hockey) becomes clearer.
This intersection is central to the
thorny issue of how prevailing
Fraser said the numbers are
necessary to fill job vacancies.
Right now, officials said there
are about one million job va-
cancies in Canada, where the
population is aging.
A significant number of those
immigrants will need to have
the skills or experience to per-
form those vacant jobs.
The Business Council of Cana-
da (BCC) agreed that the immigra-
tion levels in the economic catego-
ry are necessary to maintain a good
attitudes and norms can help or
hinder organizational changes.
It is appealing for organiza-
tions to blame their own in-
ability to support equity and
belonging on the wide failure of
Canadian society to do so. In-
deed, Hockey Canada tried this
strategy. However, a serious
commitment to culture change
means examining an organiza-
tion’s culture within its wider
social context.
There is now considerable
research on the prevalence and
damage caused by all types of
physical and psychological vio-
lence within both youth and elite
level sport in Canada. In hockey,
to address sport culture and vi-
olence norms demands taking
seriously the violence within the
game, interpersonal relation-
standard of living for Canadians.
“Every job that is not filled
represents one less person con-
tributing to Canada’s econom-
ic growth and one less person
paying taxes to support Cana-
da’s social infrastructure,” BCC
president and CEO Goldy Hy-
der said in a statement.
The BCC said two-thirds of
its members had put projects on
hold because of a lack of workers.
In addition, 30 percent of the
members said they relocated
www.canadianinquirer.net
ships, organizations and media.
Simultaneously, this means
learning from positive exam-
ples, such as care and inclu-
sion within older men’s leagues
and the successes of dedicated
South Asian hockey programs.
Social relations and dy-
namics
Culture change also requires
paying attention to and reme-
dying inequitable social con-
texts and relationships. Perhaps
a good place for Hockey Canada
to start would be addressing the
second tier status of women’s
and para hockey or meaning-
fully addressing racism within
all levels of the game. But the
inability of an organization to
act or respond effectively is not
just about the formal or explicit
dynamics in place.
work outside Canada for the
same reason.
But other forms of immigra-
tion will be included as well.
Those coming to reunite
with family members already in
Canada will increase to 118,000
in 2025 from 106,000 in 2023.
The number of refugees ad-
mitted will drop moderately to
just under 73,000 in 2025 from
76,000 in 2023.
Despite the slight decrease,
the UN lauded Canada for its
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
Culture change is also about
the everyday practices and in-
formal interactions that set the
stage. In research I co-authored
on everyday sexism in Canada’s
screen industry, this included
things like being excluded from
informal activities or being sub-
jected to workplace microag-
gressions that are harmful but
hard to label. These social dy-
namics are slippery. An informal
culture of exclusion or devalua-
tion helps formal justifications
for inequities make more sense
within an organization.
Committing to a diversity of
voices and participants is cen-
tral to the process of changing a
culture, but this alone does not
equal culture change. Instead,
genuine culture change also
recognizes the informal pen-
alties and power differentials
that hinder transformations of
the status quo.
If culture change for an orga-
nization only translates into a
new series of policy documents,
tokenism, enhanced program
evaluations or a revamped code of
conduct, this will not work. This is
simply one dimensional change.
Organizations should com-
mit to culture change. But they
should know that making this
commitment is just the start. Be
warned: culture change is not
automatically positive or pro-
gressive. Positive culture change
is a rewarding yet challenging
collaborative process. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
refugee numbers.
“The United Nations Refugee
Agency welcomes Canada’s con-
tinued commitment to refugee
resettlement as part of its over-
all immigration growth plan,”
Rema Jamous Imseis, the United
Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees Representative in Can-
ada, said in a media statement.
Immigrants now represent
about 23 percent of Canada’s
population of 38 million, the
Canadian Press reported. ■
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Emergencies Act inquiry: How to balance
protest rights with the rule of law?
BY GEOFF CALLAGHAN,
University of Windsor
The Conversation
A question operating in the
background of the ongoing
Emergencies Act inquiry is one
of the most difficult for liberal
democratic societies to resolve.
How long should society be
expected to tolerate the dis-
ruption caused by a protest ac-
tion — in this case the so-called
Freedom Convoy’s occupation
of Ottawa in February 2022 —
before it’s permissible to inter-
vene within the rule of law?
The relationship between
protest and the rule of law is
complex. While both play es-
sential roles in the successful
functioning of liberal democra-
cies, those roles are distinct and
often at loggerheads.
At the most basic level, the
rule of law is meant to provide
citizens with a stable social and
political environment in which
to carry out their lives. It ensures
no one — individuals or govern-
ments — may exercise authority
over anyone else at their whim.
Treated equally?
Since only the law dictates the
rules citizens live by, and because
any changes to the law must be
made according to processes that
pass through the required demo-
cratic channels, each citizen can
be assured that, at least in a po-
litical sense, they will be treated
equally to all others.
Protest is related to this. Al-
though in principle the rule
of law aims to establish politi-
cal equality among citizens, in
practice it can be used as a pow-
erful tool to entrench inequali-
Senate set to..
❰❰ 4 gets of clustered agen-
cies, Angara said the
Senate Committee on
Finance, which he chairs, is set
to file a committee report on
the resumption of the regular
session next week.
“We aim to file the committee
report on the budget (general
appropriations act) on Tuesday
morning (Nov. 8), and hopefully,
to deliver the sponsorship speech
in the afternoon,” he said.
The PHP5.268 trillion pro-
ty and oppression.
Protest is a way to keep these
potential abuses of the rule of
law in check. Through protest,
citizens have a way to challenge
the law from the outside, en-
suring their political interests
aren’t swallowed up by the ma-
jority. For this reason, protest is
entrenched as a constitutional-
ly protected right.
It’s easy to see how these two
planks of liberal democracy
come into conflict.
By ensuring that all members
of society organize their lives
according to the same set of
rules, the rule of law introduces
a level of stability into the polit-
ical environment that stands to
benefit everyone.
Yet when these benefits are
perceived by some to have been
distributed unequally or unfair-
ly, disrupting the stability of the
2022 Canadian Freedom Convoy.
posed national budget for
2023 was crafted in support of
the Marcos administration’s
8-point Socioeconomic Agenda
anchored on the theme, “Agen-
da for Prosperity: Economic
Transformation Towards In-
clusivity and Sustainability”,
which aims to address the im-
mediate and pressing concerns
of all Filipinos, according to De-
partment of Budget and Man-
agement Secretary Amenah
Pangandaman. ■
political environment becomes
the most natural — and often
the most effective — way to ex-
ercise the right to challenge
perceived injustices.
What pillar of democracy
wins out?
The question is how should a
liberal democracy navigate its
way out of this dilemma? Typi-
cally, it involves endorsing one
of its planks over the other.
Those in favour of the rule of
law assert that protest actions
should be tolerated up to the
point determined by the law,
but not a step further. In this
view, protest is reduced to a
mechanism by which aggrieved
groups may communicate a
message to the general public
with the sole aim of impacting
democratic processes that hap-
pen later on — for example, a
federal election.
PBBM vows more..
❰❰ 8 travel time between
Quezon City and Pas-
ay from one hour and
30 minutes to just 35 minutes.
“That is the advantage of
what the subway will bring.
They know that they can al-
ways go to the subway station
and there will be a train coming
along in a few minutes. The cut
in travel time is also very im-
portant but still it is to reduce
the uncertainty as to when we
will get home. We will reduce
www.canadianinquirer.net
Canada News
Anything beyond this would
constitute an undemocratic at-
tempt at a power grab.
Those who favour the right
to protest perceive things dif-
ferently. For them, the reason
the right to protest is so vital
to democratic governance isn’t
just because it offers a protect-
ed way to communicate a mes-
sage to the public, but because
it opens a space for aggrieved
groups to push the boundaries
of the law from the outside.
As French statesman Max-
imilien Robespierre put it in
the aftermath of the French
Revolution:
“Regulating the legal forms
of resistance to oppression is the
last refinement of tyranny.”
In other words, because the
law tends to reflect the biases
that exist in the broader com-
munity, faith that the law will
act as its own corrective is often
misplaced.
What protests are worthy?
It should come as no surprise
that people will choose which
position to defend based on their
own perceptions of the worthi-
ness of the protest in question.
If you agree with the message
of the protest, you will tend to
emphasize the democratic right
of citizens to stand up for what
they truly believe in. If, on the
other hand, you dismiss the pro-
test’s message as either trivial or
misguided, you’ll emphasize the
priority of the rule of law and
call on it to restore order.
The problem, of course, is
that in a democracy, the ques-
tion of “worthy protest” is it-
self open to debate. And this
extends to more nuanced ques-
tions, such as: “Do protests
the terrible stories that we
hear of people who no longer
see their children because they
come home 1:30 in the morning
and the children as asleep. They
have to wake up at 4 o’clock in
the morning to get back on the
bus to fight with the traffic com-
ing back to work. The subway
and all our public transport
systems will be able to help and
remedy so the quality of life in
the city should improve signifi-
cantly,” he added. ■
11
have a shelf life?” This question
seemed especially germane
during the Ottawa protest since
it went on for weeks and dis-
rupted the lives and livelihoods
of fellow citizens.
So we are left in a bind. Pro-
test and the rule of law both
serve essential roles in the suc-
cessful functioning of liberal
democratic societies, but the
manner in which they perform
those roles is often at odds.
In this respect, there is no
general solution for how a so-
ciety can overcome this tension
— it’s a feature of liberal democ-
racies themselves.
But there are better and
worse environments for how
the tension can be managed.
As a rule, societies that exhibit
high levels of trust among citi-
zens tend to perform better at
balancing protest rights and the
rule of law than those that ex-
hibit low levels of trust.
What the Ottawa protest has
taught us is that somewhere
along the way Canadians have
fostered an especially hostile
environment for working out
the conflicts that exist between
the right to protest and the
rule of law. It’s an environment
that’s currently characterized
by extreme polarization and an
almost pathological disrespect
for those on the opposing side.
Unless and until we re-es-
tablish some faith in our insti-
tutions and in one another, the
clashes we witnessed earlier
this year are sure to be repeated
many times over. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
SC explains decision..
❰❰ 6 said that the SC has
deemed it right that
“examinees who may
be unable to take the Bar ex-
ams as scheduled may apply for
a refund of their bar fees with
the Office of the Bar Confidant
(OBC) through their BAR Plus
registered email addresses.”
“At the option of the exam-
inee, the bar fees paid may also
be applied to the forthcoming
Bar Examinations scheduled in
September 2023,” he said. ■
12
In crisis policy-making for long-term care,
families’ and residents’ input must be central
BY SABINA STAEMPFLI
Policy Options
Incorporating their views
early could have prevented un-
intended consequences of pol-
icies meant to protect the vul-
nerable during COVID-19.
As a registered nurse work-
ing in a busy emergency de-
partment throughout this
pandemic, I have witnessed
first-hand the devastation of
the COVID-19 virus on Cana-
dians. However, it wasn’t until
I began research into long-term
care that I came to understand
how policies intended to pro-
tect our most vulnerable ended
up harming them.
It’s well-documented that the
pandemic hit hardest our elder-
ly and those caring for them. The
number of deaths of long-term
care residents has been devas-
tating. But the unintended con-
sequences of well-intentioned
policies were what stood out
in research I undertook with a
group of researchers from
the University of British
Columbia led by Dr. Fari-
naz Havaei.
We need to learn from
these consequences to re-
form pandemic manage-
ment strategies for inev-
itable future pandemics.
We also need to re-eval-
uate how long-term care
policies are created – and
why this process is over-
due for a change.
The pandemic has dis-
proportionately affect-
ed the health of older
adults worldwide, but
Canada’s long-term care
sector has been partic-
ularly hard-hit. In the
first six months of the
pandemic, nearly 70 per
cent of COVID-19 deaths
in Canada occurred in
long-term care homes
and retirement home
residences — nearly double the
international average. For de-
cades, Canadian researchers
and advocates have been rais-
ing the alarm about the poor
care conditions and challeng-
ing work environments plagu-
ing our long-term care sector.
Experts largely agree that it is
these existing deficiencies that
Canada News
allowed COVID-19 to grow into
the tragedy that it has become.
When the B.C. government
started to realize the detrimen-
tal effects of COVID-19 in long-
term care homes, it adopted a
series of pandemic manage-
ment policies with the overar-
ching goal to reduce harm to
residents by reducing transmis-
sion of the virus.
Visitation was strictly limited,
rigorous measures were enacted
to prevent and control infec-
tion, and staff were limited to
working at only one long-term
care home rather than rotating
among several, as was standard
practice in the industry.
We looked at the impact these
strategies had at one long-term
care facility in Vancouver.
The policies curbed the
spread of the virus at that facil-
ity, but they also substantially
harmed residents, their fami-
lies and the staff physically and
mentally.
Strict visitation restrictions,
especially at the beginning
... nearly 70 per cent
of COVID-19 deaths
in Canada occurred
in long-term care
homes and retirement
home residences —
nearly double the
international average.
of the pandemic and during
lockdowns, resulted in severe
mental and physical distress
for everyone, though they un-
derstood why the restrictions
were vital. Restrictions were
particularly difficulty for fami-
lies of residents with cognitive
impairment (e.g., with demen-
tia or Alzheimer’s) because the
families were prevented from
providing care and advocacy
for loved ones who might not be
able to speak for themselves.
Restricting visitors also dras-
tically altered the way families
communicated with the care staff
at the facility. “I can’t communi-
cate basic things [that] I would
co-ordinate with a care aide when
I see them in the hallway,” one
family member said. The physi-
cal and mental health of residents
and families suffered.
Infection prevention and
control policies also impacted
the health of residents. Care
slowed down because of the
added time it would take to dis-
infect surfaces, and to put on
and take off protective equip-
ment. During lockdowns, resi-
dents were not allowed to leave
their floors. For many, it felt like
incarceration: “I wasn’t able to
[go for a walk] and it did even-
tually really get to me,” one res-
ident said. “I just really felt like
a prisoner, and I was.”
The measures also added to
the workload of the care
home staff, taking a toll on
their mental health. With
staff restricted to working
at no more than one long-
term care home, overtime
often had to be worked to
fill gaps in staffing. Staff
also faced an increased
workload without families
to provide substitute care.
On top of this, staff had
to individualize engage-
ment programs due to
distancing requirements
and had to find time to
address the increased iso-
lation, loneliness and de-
creased physical mobility
of residents. Instead of
organizing group activi-
ties, for example, recre-
ational therapists could
visit residents only indi-
vidually in their rooms to,
say, play cards. With the
gym off-limits, residents
had to wait for the physiother-
apist for one-on-one sessions.
These circumstances wore
down care home staff (including
leadership), and many described
increasingly overwhelming feel-
ings of emotional exhaustion,
depression, and anxiety.
These are only a handful of
examples of unintended con-
www.canadianinquirer.net
sequences we uncovered at the
facility we studied.
Of course, we know the poli-
cies were the right thing to do.
We couldn’t let the virus ravage
the care homes, and effective
leadership during a crisis means
taking quick and decisive action
based on the available evidence.
But we must learn from our
mistakes and prepare better
for the future to avoid further
unnecessary harm to our most
vulnerable.
So how do we do this? We
have recommendations.
Residents, families and staff
must be consulted early. They
are directly affected by these
policies and can help identify
potential challenges and unin-
tended consequences.
Their input can also help en-
sure policies go beyond a medi-
calized definition of health (how
many residents contracted or
died from the virus) and consid-
er the important psychosocial
elements of health, especially
for those in the later years of life.
If the perspectives of resi-
dents and families had been
incorporated early, increased
workloads and their effect on
care could have been acknowl-
edged and accommodated
within the policy. The willing
volunteer community could
have been put to good use in-
stead of being locked out when
it became clear that all hands
on deck were needed.
We might have realized that
an additional staff member was
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
necessary to co-ordinate com-
munication between residents
and families, and between care
staff and families instead of ask-
ing an already overloaded staff
to add the task to their days.
We might have realized that
having a certified infection pre-
vention and control practitioner
in the facility was essential, and
that all care homes should have
one at all times. We might have
realized that what the policy de-
fines as “essential care” covers
only physical health, whereas
families consider a broader defi-
nition that includes mental and
social health.
Including the perspectives
of residents, family and staff in
the creation of policy should
become common practice.
Many care homes have resi-
dent councils and family coun-
cils made up of advocates more
than willing to provide insights
and be a part of the conversa-
tion. The more we normalize
integrating these perspectives
at all levels – in the research in-
forming policy decisions, in pol-
icy implementation at the care
home, in policy creation at the
level of government – the easi-
er it will be to incorporate their
perspectives during times of cri-
sis when quick, decisive action is
required, and where the risk of
harm can be minimized. ■
This article first appeared
on Policy Options and is repub-
lished here under a Creative
Commons license.
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Lula’s victory in Brazil comes just in time to
save the Amazon – can he do it?
BY KATHRYN
BARAGWANATH, Australian
Catholic University
The Conversation
Brazil’s presidential election
result is crucial for the future of
the world’s forests. On Sunday,
former president and Workers
Party candidate Lula da Silva nar-
rowly beat the incumbent, Jair
Bolsonaro. Deforestation rates
had surged under Bolsonaro.
Bolsonaro was elected in 2018
on an explicitly anti-environmen-
tal platform. He had promised to
reduce environmental oversight,
halt Indigenous land demarca-
tions and allow the extraction of
resources from protected areas in
the Amazon. Lula’s victory speech
signalled a strong commitment
to preserving the Amazon, pro-
tecting Indigenous people’s rights
and reaching a zero-deforestation
target.
During Bolsonaro’s first
three years in office, 33,200
square kilometres of forest was
cleared. That’s an area two-
and-a-half times the size of the
Greater Sydney region.
Some researchers argue that
the Amazon might be near-
ing its tipping point if current
clearing rates continue. That
would mean the rainforest
loses resilience to changes in
climate and land use. It would
have profound effects on biodi-
versity, carbon storage and cli-
mate change globally.
Lula’s victory speech marks a
clear departure from Bolsona-
ro’s rhetoric. It’s a welcome shift
in the lead-up to the United Na-
World News
tions climate conference, COP27,
which starts in Egypt on Sunday.
But Lula still faces stiff challeng-
es in delivering his promise to
protect the rainforest.
Deforestation surged in
the past decade
The Amazon, covering 5.5
million square kilometres, ac-
counts for half of the world’s
remaining tropical rainforest.
It’s home to enormous biodiver-
sity, has a major influence on the
world’s climate and hydrological
cycles and acts as a carbon sink.
Preserving the Amazon is
crucial for achieving the goal of
limiting global warming to 1.5℃
above pre-industrial levels – the
goal of the Paris Agreement.
About 60% of the Amazon
rainforest is in Brazil. This
means the nation’s political
shifts have enormous reper-
cussions for this biome and, in
turn, for the world’s climate.
Lula’s election creates a pos-
sibility of ending the destruc-
tion of the forest. In his first two
terms in office (2003-10), Lula
oversaw significant reductions
in forest clearing.
Important environmental
policies were enacted in Lula’s
first term. Remote sensing was
used for real-time monitoring
of the Amazon. Protected ar-
eas and Indigenous territories
were greatly expanded.
Other notable policies includ-
ed a strategic focus on monitor-
ing and enforcement in areas
with high deforestation rates,
re-establishing and regulating a
system of environmental sanc-
tions, and making compliance a
condition of financial aid.
Forest clearing was reduced
by more than 80% between
2004 and 2012. However, the
2012 Forest Code relaxed some
of the rules for conservation on
private lands and granted am-
nesty for prior deforestation.
Rates began to rise again.
The election of Bolsonaro
accelerated this upward trend.
He cut funding for the environ-
mental agency and attempted
to allow mining on Indigenous
lands and protected areas. An
area of rainforest the size of
Greater Sydney was cleared last
year alone. It was the worst loss
in nearly two decades.
What this election means
for the rainforest
Lula’s vigorous promises to
protect the Amazon are un-
precedented in Brazilian pol-
itics. His victory speech pro-
vides hope for the future of the
rainforest. International pres-
sure to preserve the Amazon,
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (ALEXANDER BONILLA/FLICKR, CC BY 2.0)
www.canadianinquirer.net
coupled with an active and or-
ganised Indigenous movement
and civil society, are on his side.
However, Lula still faces an
uphill battle in his efforts to
halt deforestation. The chal-
lenges include:
• a weakened environmental
agency: Bolsonaro-appointed
officials refused to make use of
allocated funds and in 2020 the
agency hit an all-time low of
591 enforcement agents (down
from 989 in 2016), following a
29% cut in 2019
• a rise in land-related violence:
this includes land invasions and
violence against environmental
activists and Indigenous peoples
• entrenched organised
criminal groups with interests
in deforesting the Amazon
• a conservative-dominated
Congress: Lula needs its assent
to pass environmental laws
• a large agricultural caucus:
congressmen from diverse par-
13
ties are the largest organised coa-
lition in Congress and have been
pushing for changes to environ-
mental licensing laws, land reg-
ulations and the rules governing
Indigenous land demarcations
• a pause in much-needed
international support: most
notable is the Amazon Fund,
set up in 2008 by Norway and
Germany. Donors paused this
funding in 2019 after Bolsonaro
abolished the fund’s technical
committee amid record high
deforestation rates and massive
forest fires. Norway (which has
donated more than $1.2 billion)
has already signalled it wishes
to resume climate co-operation
once Lula takes office.
What’s more, Lula secured only
a narrow election victory and is
taking over a country split in half.
He will have to design innovative
policies that link environmental
concerns with sustainable devel-
opment and economic opportu-
nities. Only then will he win over
a polarised nation.
The next four years will be cru-
cial for Brazil and the world. Bra-
zil has once before reduced de-
forestation. The new government
will need to draw lessons from its
previous success, while also learn-
ing from recent policy failures.
The situation is challenging
for the incoming president. But
it also presents a great oppor-
tunity to re-establish Brazil’s
standing in the world and re-
brand its agricultural exports
as sustainable and just. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
14
‘US midterm elections to
determine control
of Congress’
ANADOLU
Philippine News Agency
HOUSTON, US — The out-
come of next Tuesday’s United
States midterm elections will
determine whether Democrats
keep their majority in Congress
or Republicans take over, but on
a larger scale, they could help
shape the 2024 presidential race.
The Democratic majority in
the 435-member US House of
Representatives is a small one:
220 Democratic members to
212 Republican members, with
three vacant seats to be filled.
US House members are elect-
ed to two-year terms, so all 435
seats are up for grabs.
The US Senate is split 50-50,
with Vice President Kamala
Harris holding the tie-breaker
in favor of Democrats.
Historically, the party of the
president loses congressional
seats in the midterms, so Re-
publicans are chomping at the
bit to let history play out and
take over the majority.
If that scenario takes place, it
will spell trouble for the admin-
istration of President Joe Biden
when it comes to introducing
and passing laws over the final
two years of his four-year term.
“If Republicans take either
chamber of Congress, they will
stymie the Biden legislative
agenda,” said Allan Lichtman,
professor of history at Ameri-
can University in Washington.
“They will also launch investi-
gations of (Biden’s son) Hunter
Biden and the Biden administra-
tion and close down the January
6 Committee,” he said. “If Repub-
licans take the Senate, they will
stall Biden’s judicial nominees.”
Lichtman told Anadolu Agen-
cy by e-mail that there are quite
a few Senate seats that will likely
decide control of the chamber.
“Vulnerable seats current-
ly held by Democrats include
Georgia, Nevada, New Hamp-
shire, and Arizona. Vulnerable
seats currently held by Repub-
licans include Pennsylvania,
Ohio, North Carolina, and Wis-
consin,” he added.
If Republicans gain control of
World News
both houses of Congress, Pres-
ident Biden and fellow Demo-
crats are in for a rude awakening
from their political adversaries.
“They (Republicans) will try
to enact tax cuts, promotion
of fossil fuels, and abortion
restrictions,” Lichtman said.
“They will block any initiative
of the Biden administration
and stall his appointments.”
“However, it still takes 60
votes in the Senate to block a
filibuster, and Biden still has
the veto,” added Lichtman, who
said a Republican majority in
both houses does not necessari-
ly spell doom. “It is not possible
to govern only from Congress.”
On the flip side, Democrats can
keep pushing forward with their
legislative agenda and give Biden
a much-needed boost towards
the 2024 presidential election.
“If Democrats keep both
Houses, then Biden will get the
approval for many judicial nom-
inations,” Lichtman said. “Dem-
ocrats will try to force votes on
key initiatives, such as the pro-
tection of abortion rights and
the protection of voting rights.”
Most state governor’s races
across the US will also be decid-
ed during the midterms.
Even though incumbent
Florida Governor Ron DeSan-
tis is favored to win, there is
a lot more at stake than just a
midterm victory, with DeSan-
tis setting himself up for a 2024
Republican presidential run.
“DeSantis has positioned
himself as a clone of Donald
Trump, although without the
mastery of showmanship,”
Lichtman said. “He has empha-
sized the cultural wars by cham-
pioning so-called ‘anti-woke’
legislation to crack down on
allegedly leftwing bias in teach-
ing, and used state funds to ship
migrants to Massachusetts.”
“He championed the ‘Don’t
Say Gay’ law to restrict ref-
erences to sexual orientation
in elementary and secondary
schools and revoked Disney’s
special taxing district,” added
Lichtman. “He suspended an
election district attorney who
had signed a pledge not to en-
force anti-abortion laws.”
However, DeSantis is walking
a fine line if he plans to throw his
hat into the ring for the Republi-
can Party’s presidential nominee.
Former President Donald
Trump remains the apparent
puppet master of the party,
seemingly pulling all the strings
leading up to 2024.
“Donald Trump is still the
driving force in the Republi-
can Party, even though he has
jettisoned every principle that
Republicans once claimed to
stand for: personal morality,
personal responsibility, fiscal
restraint, limited government,
and respect for traditional in-
stitutions,” Lichtman said.
That being said, Lichtman is not
sold on Trump being the face of the
Republican Party heading into the
2024 presidential election.
“I believe that his legal troubles
will make it unlikely that he could
❱❱ PAGE 30 ‘US midterm elections
www.canadianinquirer.net
Netanyahu on
track to win in
Israeli election –
but there are many
challenges ahead
BY RAN PORAT, Monash
University
The Conversation
More than 71% of Israel’s 6.5
million eligible voters, a 20-year
high, cast their votes in Israel’s
November 1 elections. This is the
fifth Israeli election in less than
four years; during that period, two
shaky governments were formed,
each of which lasted only a year.
Exit polls: a majority for
the right wing camp
According to the exit polls,
former Prime Minister Ben-
jamin (Bibi) Netanyahu is in
a good position to reclaim the
prime ministership. Like all
four previous elections cam-
paigns since 2019, 2022 was
again a referendum on his eligi-
bility to be Israel’s head of gov-
ernment. Entangled in a legal
battle after being indicted on
charges of bribery, corruption
and breach of trust – which he
vehemently denies – Netanya-
hu is still popular among most
right-wing voters. His support-
ers largely believe an organised
campaign against him is being
run by the legal and political
elites, promoted by the media.
Netanyahu’s Likud party is set
to win around 30 Knesset (par-
liament) seats, out of the total
120, thereby retaining its status
as the biggest party in Israel.
Senior Likud members have
been promising to reform the
judicial system, reducing what
they consider the judges’ dispro-
portionate power to challenge
the authority of elected parlia-
mentarians. Some of the judicial
reform laws being proposed,
if passed, could either aid Net-
anyahu in his legal battle or an-
nul the case against him entirely.
The “star” of the elections was
extreme right-wing politician Ita-
mar Ben Gvir. Ben Gvir achieved
notoriety as a teenage activist for
his role in the incitement in the
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
mid-1990s against then-Prime
Minister Yitzhak Rabin, shortly
before Rabin was assassinated by
another right-wing extremist.
Ben Gvir has sought to re-
brand himself as more “moder-
ate” in recent months, rejecting
some of his most extreme po-
sitions of the past. An alliance
of Ben Gvir’s party with the Re-
ligious Zionism party, headed
by Bezalel Smotrich, appears
poised to become Israel’s third
largest party, gaining 14-15 seats.
The two will push for expan-
sion of Israeli settlements in the
West Bank, and rejection of any
two-state resolution with the
Palestinians. A coalition includ-
ing Ben Gvir, Smotrich and Isra-
el’s two conservative ultra-Or-
thodox religious parties (Shas
and UTJ, 17-18 seats collectively)
would be bad news for advocates
of LGBTQI+ rights in Israel and
abortion rights for women.
The picture for the cen-
tre-left anti-Netanyahu camp is
a mixed bag. Yesh Atid, the par-
ty of outgoing caretaker Prime
Minister Yair Lapid, is set to
be second in several seats to
Likud with 22-24. Meanwhile,
the National Unity Party, led by
Defence Minister Benny Gantz,
gained 12-13 seats. Both these
parties increased their strength
but apparently failed in their
bid to remain in government.
The left-wing Meretz and La-
bour parties polled poorly, win-
ning a predicted 4-5 seats.
Right-wing secularist Avig-
dor Lieberman, a Netanyahu
ally turned opponent, and his
Yisrael Beitenu (“Israel our
home”) party, barely made it to
the Knesset, winning 4-5 seats.
Engulfed in bitter internal
fighting, non-Zionist, mainly
Arab-supported Israeli parties
crashed after splitting their
Joint List, which gained 15
seats in 2020, into three par-
❱❱ PAGE 16 Netanyahu on track
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Yoon enraged by Putin discusses grain deal
police inaction with Erdogan: Kremlin
on calls on Itaewon
tragedy: exec
YONHAP
Philippine News Agency
SEOUL -- President Yoon
Suk-yeol was enraged after
learning that police took no
action even after receiving 11
calls about the dangerous level
of crowds on the night of the
Itaewon tragedy, according to a
presidential official.
Yoon received a list of the
calls made to the 112 police ho-
tline Saturday evening, shortly
before presiding over a Cabinet
meeting Tuesday, and ordered
the circumstances be deter-
mined “thoroughly without a
trace of doubt” and that those
responsible be “handled strict-
ly in accordance with the law
and principles,” the official told
Yonhap News Agency.
The National Police Agency
disclosed the transcripts of the
11 emergency calls that started
coming in around four hours
NoKor retaliates; fires 10 missiles in single day
ANADOLU
Philippine News Agency
ANKARA -- North Korea on
Wednesday fired at least 10 ballis-
tic missiles in a single day appar-
ently in retaliation to the ongoing
combined air drills by South Ko-
rea and the United States.
According to the South Kore-
an military, Pyongyang also fired
its first missile into an area close
to the South’s territorial waters
since the division of the peninsu-
la more than seven decades ago,
Yonhap News Agency reported.
“North Korea’s missile launch,
which marks the first time since
the division of the peninsula,
near our territorial waters south
of the Northern Limit Line is
very rare and intolerable,” the
agency reported citing a South
Korean military statement.
Pyongyang fired at least 10
before the disaster, leading
many to believe the tragedy,
which killed at least 156 people,
was avoidable.
Many of the callers said they
felt like they were going to be
“crushed to death.”
NPA chief Yoon Hee-keun,
who later held a press con-
ference after the president
received the list of calls, apol-
ogized to the public for the “in-
sufficient” police response.
He vowed that an internal
inspection will be conducted to
determine what went wrong.
A string of apologies followed
from Interior Minister Lee Sang-
min, the chief of Yongsan Ward,
and Seoul Mayor Oh Se-hoon.
“There is no direct link be-
tween President Yoon’s orders
and the various officials’ apolo-
gies,” a presidential official said.
“The police’s internal inspection
and investigation are also not
within the scope of command of
the presidential office.” ■
various types of missiles, in-
cluding three short-range bal-
listic missiles (SRBMs), off its
west and east coasts Wednesday
morning, according to Seoul’s
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS).
“Our military vowed
to respond firmly to this
(provocation),” it added.
Later, JCS confirmed
that the South Korean
military also respond-
ed and fired three air-
to-surface missiles into
the high seas north of
the Northern Limit
Line (NLL), a de facto
maritime inter-Korean
border dividing the two
countries.
It’s for the first time in seven
decades that North Korea fired a
missile that flew across the NLL.
Meanwhile, South Korean
President Yoon Suk-yeol on
Wednesday condemned North
TASS
Philippine News Agency
MOSCOW – Russian Pres-
ident Vladimir Putin and his
Turkish counterpart Recep
Tayyip Erdogan have held a
telephone conversation to dis-
cuss the situation involving the
grain deal, the Kremlin’s press
service said on Tuesday.
“There was a detailed ex-
change of views on issues related
to the current situation involving
the implementation of the agree-
ments reached with the partici-
pation of the Turkish side on the
export of grain from the Black
Sea ports,” the news release read.
Putin briefed his counterpart
on why Russia had suspended
participation in the grain deal.
“It was stressed that the Kiev
regime, with support from its
Western patrons, used the hu-
manitarian shipping corridor,
created for the transportation
of Ukrainian grain, to carry out
strikes against the infrastruc-
ture and ships of Russia’s Black
Sea Fleet in Sevastopol, which
were responsible for ensuring
the safe operation of the route
in question,” the Kremlin said.
Korea’s latest move and ordered
the military to be ready against
any further “provocations” by
Pyongyang.
Yoon chaired an emergency
meeting of the National Security
Our military vowed
to respond firmly to
this (provocation),
Council and “noted that North
Korea’s provocation today was
effectively a violation of our ter-
ritory by a missile that crossed
the NLL for the first time since
the division,” the agency cited a
www.canadianinquirer.net
World News
Putin explained the conditions
for the resumption of Russia’s
participation in this initiative.
“It is necessary to conduct
thorough investigation into the
circumstances of this incident,
and also to secure Kiev’s real
guarantees of strict observance
of the Istanbul agreements, in
particular, the non-use of the
humanitarian corridor for mil-
itary purposes. Only after that
it would be possible to consid-
er the resumption of the ‘Black
Sea initiative’,” according to the
news release.
Putin also drew the attention
of his Turkish counterpart to the
statement from his office.
“President Yoon Suk-yeol or-
dered that strict measures be
taken swiftly to ensure North
Korea pays a clear price for its
provocation,” the office said.
North Korea’s latest
missile launch came after
the US and South Kore-
an forces launched their
large-scale five-day joint
air drills on Monday.
The combined air
drills were first held in
2015 and later suspend-
ed by the administration
of then-President Moon
Jae-in in 2018 as part of
a drive for inter-Korean
reconciliation.
This time the Australian air
force is also taking part in the
exercises.
Tensions on the Korean Pen-
insula have risen following re-
cent military drills by South
15
fact that the second part of the
package agreements to unblock
the export of Russian farm pro-
duce and fertilizers to world mar-
kets had not been implemented.
He also stressed that
during the three months the
agreements on the export of
Ukrainian grain had been in
effect, the goal of ensuring the
delivery of food to the neediest
countries on a priority basis
had not been achieved.
“In this context, Russia’s readi-
ness to supply significant amounts
of grain and fertilizers to Africa
free of charge was confirmed,” the
press service added. ■
Korea and the US as well as
North Korean missile tests.
On Friday, Pyongyang
launched an “unspecified” bal-
listic missile just as South Korea
was about to wrap up its annual
12-day Hoguk field training ex-
ercise, local media reported,
citing a military statement.
North Korea recently also
fired a short-range ballistic
missile into the East Sea, just
two days after launching two
long-range strategic cruise mis-
siles involving units operating
“tactical nukes.”
On Oct. 4, the US and South
Korean forces held live-fire
joint drills after North Korea
fired a missile over Japan for
the first time in five years.
Tensions in the region be-
gan in 2020 when North Korea
attacked and blew up the in-
ter-Korean liaison office along
the border. ■
 16 World News NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY

Netanyahu on track..
❰❰ 14 ties. Hadash-Ta’al, the
central component of
the former Joint List
ended up with just four seats.
Another component of the for-
mer Joint List, the Arab Isla-
mist party Ra’am, headed by
Mansour Abbas at the party’s
helm, has gained five seats,
up one from last election.
This is significant, as Ab-
bas took a bold and unprec-
edented step by joining a
Zionist-led government in
2021 – the first time a major-
ity Arab party has done this.
Ra’am’s success among Arab
Israeli voters suggest they
want their representatives to
enter governing coalitions to
gain services and other poli-
cy priorities for Israeli Arab
communities, rather than
take an ideological stand
against Zionism.
What happens now?
The big parties will immedi-
ately start the difficult rounds of
consultations, trying to attract
enough Knesset members to
join their coalition and pull to-
gether the magic number of 61.
If exit polls are accurate, Ne-
tanyahu’s task is easier than
anyone else’s, but nothing is as-
sured. He has at least one major
mine to defuse: many in Israel,
the Jewish diaspora (including
in Australia) and among Israel’s
important allies, specifically the
If exit polls
are accurate,
Netanyahu’s task
is easier than
anyone else’s, but
nothing is assured.
US, have warned against grant-
ing Ben Gvir a major role in a Li-
kud-led government. Yet without
Ben Gvir’s support, Netanyahu
appears to have no government.
Lapid will aim at assembling
a bloc that would prevent a Li-
kud-led coalition and, if he suc-
ceeds, will likely send Israel to yet
another election in a few months.
Israeli citizens are fed up with lenges will be at the centre of old, while Yisrael Beitenu and
the chronic instability of the the government’s agenda, along Mertez both risk failing to get
political system. They face the with trying to heal the great di- into the Knesset.
same rising costs of living chal- vides within Israel’s society. Despite the recurring elec-
lenges experienced worldwide Everything may change tions of recent years, Israel has
at the moment. Since the It’s going to be days before remained a vibrant and strong
collapse of the Oslo peace the final vote counting is con- democracy, an economic success
process in 2000, and the Pal- cluded. A few hundred votes story and a hi-tech powerhouse,
estinian rejection of a two- each way could lead to dramatic with increasingly good relations
state peace offer in 2008, the changes that will determine if across the Arab Middle East. The
belief the Palestinians can Israel is going to another elec- vote count over the next few days
be a partner for peace is low tion, or a Netanyahu-led gov- will be crucial in determining if
among most Israeli Jews. ernment is on the cards. Israel will have a stable new gov-
According to surveys, Israe- For example, according ernment or not. ■
lis still dream of peace based to latest real vote counting,
on a two-state solution, but non-Zionist Arab nationalist This article is republished
think there is little chance of party Balad is polling just under from The Conversation under a
this happening soon. the minimum four-seat thresh- Creative Commons license.
Meanwhile, the Palestin-
ian arena is far from stable,
with ongoing Palestinian
terror, a bloody succession
battle on the horizon after
the 86-year-old Palestinian
Authority President Mah-
moud Abbas finally goes, and
Gaza governed by the Islamist
terror gang of Hamas.
In the background, Iranian
regional aggression, siding with
Russia and relentless drive for
nuclear weapons capability is
casting a black shadow on Israe-
li security. Whoever becomes
Israel’s next PM, these chal- (BENJAMIN NETANYAHU - ‫והינתנ ןימינב‬/FACEBOOK)

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www.canadianinquirer.net
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022 17

Renee Salud: Philippines’ Pride

and Fashion Ambassador
BY MATTE LAUREL-ZALKO
Renee Magtibay Salud is defi-
nitely one of Philippines’ most
treasured, quintessential, and
prominent fashion designers
whose career has spanned de-
cades. Branded by the press as
the Philippines’ Ambassador of
Fashion, Renee Salud is more
than a talented and gifted fash-
ion designer; he is a kind and
giving creative genius who helps
others be it through mentorship
of other up-and-coming design-
ers or helping young women as-
influenced you and your style?
“I was inspired by Pitoy More-
no, Christian Espiritu, Aureo
Alonzo, and Ben Farrales. Their
lifestyle and the fame they en-
joyed both motivated and in-
spired me to become like them. I
was so impressed with the fash-
ion shows they did outside the
Philippines and I told myself that
one day, I will be just like them.
And, I did achieve my dreams be-
cause I worked hard and I never
stopped honing my skills.”
You are known as the
Philippines’ Ambassador of
Fashion. What are your fu-
It was a green ensemble that
looked like a butterfly top
with a matching long skirt.
I thought this creation is so
unique and the combination
of the fabric and the design
was truly a sight to behold!
“That particular masterpiece
is made with an insular Mind-
anao fabric, inaul, and it was
recently bought by someone.
That design is actually butter-
fly wings; it’s designed to make
a woman look graceful as she
walks and enters the room.”
You made your fashion
comeback earlier this year in (RENEE MAGTIBAY SALUD)

piring to be beauty queens.
The world-renowned coutu-
rier Michael Cinco worked in
Mama Renee’s (as he is fondly
called in the fashion industry)
shop, learning the ins and outs of
the fashion world and honing his
skills and talents at the same time
under the guidance of Mama Re-
nee. Years later, Michael Cinco
is now sought-after by JLo, Lady
Gaga, and Middle Eastern roy-
alty. Michael Cinco is just one of
the many young designers that
Mama Renee trained and helped
get started in the fashion world.
Mama Renee is also known
for his passion for building and
training beauty queens in the
making. Amongst those he dis-
covered were Miss Internation-
al 1979 Mimilanie Marquez and
Miss Universe 1980 third run-
ner-up Chat Silayan. He also dis-
covered top fashion models such
as Desiree Verdadero, Lou Bunyi,
Patty Betita, Gem Padilla, et al.
I am incredibly blessed to have
met Mama Renee through my
close friend, the multi-talented
Events Director, Socorro Babes
Castro Newland. During our
lunch meeting at the house of one
of my friends, Mama Renee and
I bonded over our roots: we’re
both Batangueños. Mama Renee
knows my relatives from my pa-
ternal side and we both love eating
seafood! I was charmed by Mama
Renee’s humility and down-to-
earth attitude. I was taken by his
kindness and authenticity!
Let’s get to know Mama Re-
nee and what drives the one and
only Ambassador of Philippine
Fashion.
Which Filipino designers
ture goals in the industry?
“I’ve always been determined
to bring Philippine fashion front
and centre to the world stage. I
want to take fashion to the next
level which, in turn, will help cre-
ate more jobs for the Filipinos. I
love doing fashion shows abroad
because I want to showcase and
highlight Filipino talent. I want
the world to see how creative our
designers are; how beautiful and
talented our models are.”
Your recent Philippine Tap-
estry II Fashion Tour in Cana-
da was a huge success. This is
not the first time that you did
a fashion show in Canada; you
started your first fashion show
here back in the 80s. Why do
you keep returning to Canada?
“I love Canada! I love the peo-
ple, the quality of living, the natu-
ral beauty of the country, and the
closely-knit Filipino community
in different cities. Canada is like
my second home. My favourite
Canadian city is Vancouver. I can
see the difference in lifestyle and
landscape between Calgary, To-
ronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
For me, Vancouver is the best!”
What was the inspiration
behind your Philippine Tap-
estry II Fashion Show Tour?
“It is inspired by Philippine
indigenous fabrics such as hand-
woven fabrics, inaul, abaca, and
piña from Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao. I am so proud of our
indigenous fabrics; I like to in-
corporate these with my designs
and bring them to life and show
the world just how beautiful our
fabrics are!”
There is one particular
creation that caught my eye.
Manila at the Okada Hotel, with
the aptly titled “To Love and
To Cherish,” how did you feel
about your huge comeback?
“I was so emotional! I cried
because I thought that the pan-
demic would be the end of my
life and my career! The fashion
industry suffered a lot during
the pandemic. My fashion show
at the Okada Hotel is a blessing.
I am so grateful for that partic-
ular opportunity to come back
again and showcase my cre-
ations. In turn, I gave back to the
community by making sure that
part of the proceeds went to the
rehabilitation of communities
devastated by typhoon Odette. In
life, we must always give back by
helping others.”
You’re known for discovering
beautiful women. Who do you
think is a true fashion muse?
“Without a doubt, my true
fashion muse would have to be
Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly.
They exude elegance, grace, and
effortless style. I also like Anne
Hathaway! She was magnificent
in The Devil Wears Prada.”
You are also known for your
innovative Barong Tagalog
designs, what inspires you to
continuously create newer de-
signs for the Barong Tagalog?
“I always try to infuse my own
new and contemporary twists
on a Barong Tagalog. I’ve cre-
ated less formal, more casual
Barongs that can be worn every
day. I’ve designed barongs with
many vertical stripes and pat-
terns embroidered on the front
and the back. Much recently, my
Barongs have been made using
indigenous fabrics and they’re
www.canadianinquirer.net
The author with Mama Renee Salud. (WILLIAM ORSUA, SOUL MATE PRODUCTIONS)
more colourful!”
Your wedding gowns are to
die for! A lot of high society
women have long favoured
your bridal wear. Your wed-
ding gown creations are al-
ways the highlight of all your
fashion shows. What makes
your wedding gowns differ-
ent from other designers?
“My wedding gowns are most-
ly hand embroidered and I like to
use calado fabric. Calado is only
done by hand. It creates a dramat-
ic design depth that pure machine
embroidery can’t achieve. I love de-
signing wedding gowns because it
is all about love, hope, and beauty.”
What’s next with Mama Re-
nee? At 75, you are so amazing-
ly active and always creating
new designs, always on the go!
“I will be having a fashion
show tour in Thailand in Decem-
ber of this year. I will be working
on Thai silk fabrics but still in-
corporating Philippine designs.
I will be representing the Philip-
pines on this show in Thailand.
The show will run for a week.
I also have plans to do fashion
shows in New York next Feb-
ruary, in Italy and Paris. I also
have plans on returning to Cana-
da in the later part of next year!”
Can you please share some
words of wisdom with all
young designers?
“You have to keep honing
your skills and talents. Never
stop learning. Learn from the
best. Learn from your mentors.
Have discipline. Be proud of
your roots, take inspiration from
where you come from.”
I’m super excited to watch
his next fashion show in Van-
couver! I can hardly wait! ■
Matte Laurel-Zalko is a former
restaurateur and hotelier, a moth-
er, a wife, a health and wellness
aficionado, food and wine enthu-
siast, a dog-lover, and lifestyle col-
umnist exclusively for Philippine
Canadian Inquirer (PCI).
18
Entertainment
Frozen offered a new way to look at Disney
princesses. But the best leader was the villain
BY DAVID BELGRAVE,
Massey University
The Conversation
The recent release of Frozen
in te reo Māori, along with the
film’s impending ten-year an-
niversary, is putting Elsa and
Anna back into focus.
Frozen’s 2013 release marked
a significant shift in the way
Disney told stories about prin-
cesses to explore modern gen-
der values and a richer mix of
personal anxieties.
But, in making its princesses
more relatable, Disney forgot to
also make them powerful and
effective leaders.
Driven by their personal tur-
moil, Anna and Elsa forget to
lead the people of Arendelle.
That job falls to the film’s vil-
lain, Hans, who provides the
best, albeit self-serving, exam-
ple of a good leader.
Flipping the script
Unlike the Disney princesses
of earlier films, Frozen flipped
the audience’s expectations of
the genre.
Queen Elsa did not need a ro-
mantic male partner to complete
her journey and Princess Anna’s
handsome Prince Hans turned
out to be a villain. Love at first
sight is shown to be an illusion,
replaced by the power of sisterly
love and self-acceptance.
Elsa’s need to break free from
parental and societal expectation
has found resonance in commu-
nities as diverse as those with
eating disorders and Japanese
kyariaūman (career women).
The LGBTQ+ community
identified strongly with Elsa’s
struggle and celebrated the
movie’s queer subtext. In con-
trast, it was decried by some
Christian conservatives.
Absent leaders
While the story retained
many of the elements of Dis-
ney’s canon – royalty, magic
and Anna’s romance – it also
expanded the emotional expe-
riences of Disney’s princesses
to be more directly relatable to
a modern global audience.
Yet Elsa and Anna’s story
moves so far beyond the tra-
ditional elements of a Disney
fairytale that their status as
royalty is almost irrelevant to
the narrative.
From the perspective of lead-
ership, Elsa and Anna provide
questionable role models.
Elsa is so afraid of what peo-
ple will think of her she runs
away from her own coronation.
Anna’s impulsiveness is so ap-
parent even Kristoff openly
questions her judgment.
Elsa is convinced she cannot
help anyone but herself. Anna
gives both her hand in marriage
and control of the kingdom to a
man she just met.
Most of the male characters
offer similarly poor examples
of leadership. The Duke of We-
selton is presented as a snivelling
villain with a Napoleon complex.
King Agnarr is a well-meaning
parent but raises his daughters in
isolation from their subjects and
from each other.
Self-interested prince as
the best ruler
The best depiction of leader-
ship is provided by Prince Hans.
When Elsa’s magic generates
an eternal winter, it is Hans
who ensures the people are
warm and fed. When he finds
Elsa, he implores her to be bet-
ter than the henchmen sent by
Weselton to kill her.
Given the existential threat
to the kingdom and having
exhausted all other options,
Hans’s decision to kill Elsa in
the hope of breaking the spell
and saving the kingdom is not
unreasonable.
www.canadianinquirer.net
Of course, his motivations
are revealed to be sinister. His
good deeds were intended to
fool Anna and the audience. He
does not love Anna and leaves
her for dead.
Hans’s downfall comes once
Anna is found alive and Elsa
learns how to break the spell of
winter herself. His motivations
are certainly not good, but this is
irrelevant from the perspective
of the people of the kingdom.
Unlike Elsa and Anna, Hans
is focused on the danger to the
kingdom. Elsa and Anna abdicate
their responsibilities in favour
of their personal needs, whereas
Hans tries to fulfil his personal
needs by leading the kingdom.
Only when Hans is proven
to be dishonest do the officials
and foreign dignitaries reject
him. We are not shown what
the kingdom’s ordinary people
think of his actions.
Inexplicably, the people of
Arendelle accept Elsa’s return
despite the fact she ran away
and almost killed them all with
her magic.
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
The Machiavellian ap-
proach to leadership
Hans is Machiavellian in the
way most understand the term:
a leader willing to do anything
to achieve their goals.
However, Niccolò Machia-
velli’s The Prince (1532) did not
advocate for totally amoral and
underhanded leadership. In-
stead it warned against perfect-
ly virtuous leadership.
The early modern Italian dip-
lomat argued successful leaders
should be virtuous, but may
also need to be flexible in their
principles as the perfectly good
will be undone by those who are
not good.
[…] the way we live is very differ-
ent from how we ought to live, and
he who abandons the way things
are done for how they ought to be
done brings about his own downfall
rather than his preservation: that
man who wishes to be at all times
good must come to grief amongst
so many who are not good.
Such ideas are certainly too
morally grey for a children’s
story, but there are elements of
successful leadership children
can understand: difficult choic-
es are inherent in life.
Real queenship (or kingship)
involves personal sacrifice and
a duty to the people. Disney
has made princesses more than
simply destined for marriage to
a handsome prince, but it still
needs to show princesses can
truly rule as queens. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Netflix Expands Natural History Slate with
Six New Documentary Series, Beginning
November 22 with ‘Our Universe’
NETFLIX
We are thrilled to deepen
our commitment to landmark
natural history documentaries
with six new series premiering
over the next few years, begin-
ning November 22 with the epic
tale of Our Universe , narrated
by Morgan Freeman.
Nature documentaries can
help us explore, discover, and
appreciate the wonder and
complexities of the world
around us. The stories are lim-
itless — spanning the arc of his-
tory from the Earth’s earliest
origins, to the environments
we live in now, to the planet
we are creating for the future.
With stunning filmmaking and
innovative technologies, these
cinematic documentaries bring
even the most exotic or micro-
scopic creatures of the natural
world to our fingertips.
It’s no surprise that audiences
all over the world love films and
series about the world. More
than 100 million households
have tuned in to Our Planet since
its release in April 2019. In April
of this year, Our Great National
Parks debuted on Netflix’s glob-
al Top 10 English TV List and
the Top 10 in 26 countries. We’re
also proud that both series were
recognized with Emmy awards.
GMA Network drops lyric video for 2022
holiday anthem, “Love is Us This Christmas”
GMA NETWORK INC.
The Kapuso Network recent-
ly released the lyric video for
“Love is Us This Christmas” –
the newest LSS-worthy holiday
anthem of the year.
Uploaded on the Network’s
Facebook and YouTube pages,
the Kapuso jingle encourag-
es viewers to discover the true
meaning of love this Christmas
by giving our hearts to make oth-
ers happy. “Ibahagi natin ang li-
Helmed by visionary producers
and voiced by iconic narrators,
these stories are sure to enthrall
and entertain viewers of all ages.
New Series Include:
Our Universe \- Premieres
November 22, 2022 Narrated
by Morgan Freeman Logline:
From BBC Studios and narrat-
ed by Academy Award-winner
Morgan Freeman, comes this
unprecedented six-part series,
an epic tale 13.8 billion years in
the making. Blending stunning
wildlife footage with eye-pop-
ping cosmic special effects, it
takes viewers on a fascinating
adventure to explore the con-
nections that drive our natural
world. From the birth of the
Sun to the birth of a sea turtle,
Our Universe uses ground-
breaking animation to drama-
tize the spectacular celestial
forces that generated our solar
system, while modern camera
and CGI technology bring the
audience up close and personal
with some of the most iconic,
charismatic animals on Earth.
Executive Producer: Andrew
Cohen Showrunner : Mike Da-
vis Production Company: BBC
Studios Format: 6 x 45 min
Our Planet II \- Coming
2023 Narrated by David At-
tenborough Logline: From the
Emmy Award-winning team be-
hind Planet Earth and Our Plan-
wanag at pag-ibig sa ating kapwa
at sa buong mundo,” as stated in
its social media caption.
The lyric video for the 2022
GMA Christmas Station ID
(CSID) jingle was performed
by the powerhouse line-up of
Kapuso singers with a mix of
upbeat music and some chorale
singing complementing its in-
spiring message.
The Kapuso singers were led
by no less than Asia’s Limit-
less Star Julie Anne San Jose,
Mark Bautista, Aicelle San-
et comes Our Planet II . At any
given moment on planet Earth,
billions of animals are on the
move. Captured with spectacu-
lar and innovative cinematogra-
phy, Our Planet II unravels the
mysteries of how and why ani-
mals migrate to reveal some of
the most dramatic and compel-
ling stories in the natural world.
Series Producer: Huw Cordey
Executive Producers: Alastair
Fothergill, Keith Scholey Pro-
duction Company: Silverback
Films Format: 4 x 50 min
Life on Our Planet \- Com-
ing 2023 Narrated by Mor-
gan Freeman Logline: This is
the story of life’s epic battle to
conquer and survive on planet
‘Our Oceans’ (NETFLIX)
tos, Maricris Garcia, Christian
Bautista, Zephanie, ‘The Clash’
Grand Champions Jeremiah
Tiangco and Mariane Osabel,
and The Clash alumni Anthony
Rosaldo, Garrett Bolden, Thea
Astley, Vilmark Viray, as well
as XOXO’s Lyra Micolob, Mel
Caluag, and Dani Ozaraga.
The heartwarming jingle was
composed and arranged by Ann
Margaret Figueroa with lyrics
by Emman Rivera and Jann
Fayel Lopez.
Netizens also shared how
Entertainment
Earth. Today there are 20 million
species on our planet, yet what
we see is just a snapshot in time
— 99% of earth’s inhabitants are
lost to our deep past. The story
of what happened to these dy-
nasties — their rise and their fall
— is truly remarkable. In part-
nership with Industrial Light &
Magic, the series uses the latest
technology and science to bring
long extinct creatures back to
life, Life On Our Planet reveals
the incredible story of life on our
planet. Series Producers: Dan
Tapster, Keith Scholey, Alastair
Fothergill Executive producers:
Alastair Fothergill, Keith Schol-
ey, Darryl Frank, Justin Falvey
Production Companies: Silver-
much they appreciated this
year’s jingle. A YouTube user
commented, “This song is giv-
ing hope to every Filipino. An-
other thing I like about this is
that their smiles are so genuine.
Kudos to all the brilliant minds
and talents behind every year’s
jingle. Way to go, GMA!”
Some also praised how the
song was beautifully composed.
“Ang ganda na upbeat ‘yung 1st
part ng song then nag-iba sa
2nd part like choral which we
all know na GMA singers are
19
back Films, Amblin Television
Format: 8 x 60 mins
Our Oceans \- Coming 2024
Logline: Oceans are the beating
heart of our planet yet so much
remains unknown, unexplored
and undiscovered. From the
tropical warm waters of the In-
dian Ocean, to the fiery depths
of the Atlantic, from the unpre-
dictable waters of the Pacific
that are surrounded by a ring of
fire, to the freezing isolation of
the Southern and Arctic Oceans,
Our Oceans explores the magical
world of wonders that lies be-
neath the waves. Series Produc-
er: Jonathan Smith Executive
Producers: James Honeyborne
Production Companies: Free-
borne Media, Wild Space Pro-
ductions Format: 5 x 60 mins
Our Living World \- Com-
ing 2024 Logline: All across
its thin green-blue veneer, the
Earth pulses with life. Building
on astonishing scientific reve-
lations and featuring stunning
footage of the planet’s incredi-
ble natural networks, Our Liv-
ing World is the definitive cel-
ebration of our living planet,
revealing the astonishing web
of connections that unites us all
and sustains our universe’s most
magical phenomenon — life. Se-
ries Producer: Ben Roy Execu-
❱❱ PAGE 30 Netflix Expands Natural
really good in blending and it
makes the CSID a balance of
classical and pop. You will really
feel the Christmas season!”
Just like how we all antici-
pate the holiday season, watch-
ing GMA Network’s Christmas
station IDs has also been a part
of viewers’ yearly tradition.
While we wait for the release
of the full-length 2022 GMA
Christmas Station ID, let’s
watch “Love is Us This Christ-
mas” lyric video on Facebook
and YouTube. ■
20
Curious Kids: What would happen
if the world split in half?
BY JONTI HORNER,
University of Southern
Queensland
The Conversation
What would happen if the
world split in half ? – Ronan, age
5, Melbourne
That’s a fantastic question,
Ronan, and the very short ver-
sion of the answer is: it would
be the end of the world as we
know it. All life on Earth would
be brought to an end – so it
would be a very bad day!
Luckily, events that can tear a
planet in half are very, very rare.
But, believe it or not, when our
Solar System was young, things
like that happened more often
than you might think.
Playing detectives
When we look out at the Solar
System, astronomers are essen-
tially playing at being detectives.
We look at all the objects out
there – planets and moons, as-
teroids and comets. By studying
them, we gather clues that tell us
Why do people have slips of the tongue?
BY CECILE MCKEE,
University of Arizona
The Conversation
Have you visited Yew Nork?
Does your stummy ache? What
dog of bag food will we get?
In case you’ve wondered
what causes such speech errors
or slips of the tongue, you might
like to know that all speakers –
of all ages and abilities – make
them sometimes. Even people
who use a sign language pro-
duce what some call “slips of
the hand.” Slips are a common
feature of language.
As a developmental psycho-
linguist who studies how people
use language, I am interested in
what speech errors tell us about
the human mind. Research
Lifestyle
all about what the Solar System
was like when it was young.
Everywhere we look in the
Solar System, we find evidence
of what scientists call “giant
collisions”. What does that
mean? Well, it turns out that
the final stages of planet for-
mation were REALLY violent.
There were lots of things that
were planet-sized just floating
around, and they kept smashing
into each other.
When two things the size of
planets smash into each other,
the collision is really catastroph-
ic – more than enough to tear a
world into pieces. And that’s ex-
actly what we think happened to
the planet Mercury.
When Mercury formed, all the
clues tell us it was probably about
twice as big as it is today. But a
long time ago, only a short time
after Mercury formed, another
Mercury-sized object smashed
into it in a collision that almost
totally destroyed Mercury.
That collision stripped away a
large amount of Mercury, leav-
shows that language users store
and retrieve different units of
language. These include small
ones like single consonants,
and big ones like phrases made
of several words.
Exchanges and blends of
sounds and words
One way to think about
speech errors is in terms of
the linguistic units that each
involves. Another way to think
about them is in terms of the
actions affecting these units.
The “Yew Nork” slip shows
consonant sounds switching
places – a sound exchange. No-
tice that each of the consonants
is first in its own syllable. The
“dog of bag food” slip shows a
word exchange. Notice that both
words are nouns. Vowel sounds
can also switch places, as when
ing behind a metal core, with
just a thin layer of rubble over
the top of it. A planet torn apart
by a collision, with the scars still
visible to us, four billion (that’s
4,000,000,000) years later!
Earth also had a collision
The most famous example of
a planet being torn apart is ac-
tually our own Earth. You see,
astronomers think that when
Earth formed, it was all on its
own. But when we look at Earth
today, it has a companion – the
Moon. So where did the Moon
come from?
All the clues we’ve been able
to gather tell a really dramat-
ic story. Not long after Earth
formed, all on its own, it ran
into another planet. That plan-
et, which astronomers have
nicknamed “Theia”, was about
the size of Mars, and bumped
into us relatively gently (as col-
lisions between planets go).
But a gentle collision between
planets is still amazingly vio-
lent. The collision would have
turned the entire Earth molten
a speaker who meant “feed the
pooch” said, “food the peach.”
The “stummy” slip blends the
synonyms “stomach” and “tum-
my.” Phrases can also blend, as
in “It depends on the day of
the mood I’m in.” The speaker
who said this had in mind both
“the day of the week” and “the
mood I’m in,” but with only one
mouth for the two messages to
pass through, he blended the
phrases.
Substitutions by meaning
Another way to think about
speech errors is in terms of
what influences them. Substi-
tutions of one word for another
can illustrate.
Someone who meant to refer
to fingers said instead, “Don’t
burn your toes.” The words
“toe” and “finger” don’t sound
www.canadianinquirer.net
– killing any life that might have
evolved at that point. It would
have torn Earth apart, as well as
destroying Theia.
The material torn off Theia
and Earth would have sprayed
out into the space around our
planet. Earth’s gravity was so
strong that it trapped most of
debris, which gradually gath-
ered together to form the Moon.
alike, but they name similar
body parts. In fact, Latin used
the same word, “digitus,” to re-
fer to digits of the hands and
digits of the feet.
This word substitution – and
thousands like it – suggests that
our mental dictionaries link
words with related meanings.
In other words, semantic con-
nections can influence speech
errors. The speaker here was
trying to get the word “finger”
from the body-part section
of his mental dictionary and
slipped over to its semantic
neighbor “toe.”
Substitutions by sound
Another type of word substi-
tution reveals something else
about our mental dictionaries.
Someone who meant to refer
to his mustache said instead,
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
So whenever you look up at the
Moon in the sky, you can tell ev-
eryone it’s a reminder of a giant
collision when Earth was young.
Because, once upon a time, Earth
really was torn apart by a crash
with another planet! ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
“I got whipped cream on my
mushroom.” The words “mus-
tache” and “mushroom” sound
similar. Each word starts with
the same consonant and vowel,
denoted as “[mʌ]” in the Inter-
national Phonetic Alphabet.
Each word is two syllables long
with stress on the first syllable.
But the meanings of these two
words are not similar.
This word substitution – and
thousands like it – suggests that
our mental dictionaries also
link words with similar sounds.
In other words, phonologi-
cal connections can influence
speech errors. The speaker
here was trying to get the word
“mustache” from the “[mʌ]”
section of his mental dictionary
❱❱ PAGE 26 Why do people
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Why putting your artistic Three reasons
calling on hold might not strong perfumes
always be such a bad idea give you a headache
BY KATIE BAILEY, King’s
College London
The Conversation
As a boy, Terry loved music
and taught himself trombone,
guitar and the tuba. Right
through school and universi-
ty he played in the evenings in
jazz groups, musical theatre
and marching bands. He start-
ed work as an accountant in
his early twenties, but his wide
social circle in the music world
meant he was still out playing
gigs every evening.
Even as his blossoming ca-
reer began to take him around
the world, he still found oppor-
tunities to indulge his passion.
However, as time went on and
his career took over, finding
time for music became harder
and harder. In the end, it pe-
tered out completely.
Similarly, Jenny was a gift-
ed flautist and played with a
national youth orchestra. But
juggling her work as an admin-
istrator alongside her family
made it hard for her to contin-
ue. For a while, she would take
her children to summer music
camps where they could play
together. But eventually follow-
ing her divorce and a sense that
her music was becoming a bit
“stale”, she stopped playing al-
together and sold her flute. She
didn’t play again for 18 years.
It wasn’t until they retired that
both Terry and Jenny got back
into their music in a serious way.
Jenny was introduced to jazz by
her new partner and then, fol-
lowing his death, was inspired
by his example to join a band
and experiment with different
genres. Terry took early retire-
ment, joined an orchestra and
picked up all his old instruments.
Our findings
These stories came out of a
recent research project that I
co-authored. We spoke to a to-
tal of 33 people in the UK, all of
whom had felt “called” to music
in early life but then abandoned
it in favour of other work, only
to return to their music later.
Rather than being singers, vi-
olinists or ukulele players they
became IT managers, civil ser-
vants and pharmacists.
Did any of them regret the
choices they made? Although
some had missed music for a
while, with the benefit of hind-
sight, none regretted the choic-
es they had made. As Terry said:
I think it would have lost some
of its lustre if I’d made a go of it
and it wouldn’t have been an es-
cape from the day job, it would
be the day job. At some point I
wonder if it would have become
a chore.
Oliver, a clarinet player
turned leadership development
expert turned retiree musician,
took a similar view. He talk-
ed about a musician he knew
who played in the orchestra pit
of The Lion King every night
who would now “panic at being
asked to play anything else”.
Jenny spoke for many of our
participants when she said mu-
sic was “like breathing”, but
they also saw pursuing a musi-
cal career as fraught with risks.
They talked about the lack
of job security, the antisocial
hours, the low pay, the hours of
practice and lack of control over
what music they could play.
Instead, most had pursued
careers that built on other
strengths and interests and
that brought them a greater
sense of security. From the van-
tage point of retirement, people
could see the benefits of pursu-
ing their calling in their later
years instead.
Some, like Ron, went so far
as to do a master’s degree and
then a doctorate in music after
he retired. Others, like Fiona,
took the opportunity to explore
new types of music, go to music
summer schools, chair a local
music society and play with a
range of different groups.
While all the musicians as-
pired to be good at what they
did, pressures from teachers,
peers and family were lifted in
later life. In retirement, music
was about having fun, experi-
mentation and companionship,
and it didn’t matter what went
wrong. Our participants en-
thused about the new-found joy
and freedom of following their
calling in their later years.
Amy said: “When I’m singing
I’m in the moment, and that’s
all that matters. It doesn’t mat-
ter what I look like, what any-
body thinks of me.”
As Jack added:
Being good used to matter a
lot to me when I was younger and
that scared me off. But now you
just give it a go – if it works, it
works, if it doesn’t, have a laugh!
In this way, what it means
to follow your calling becomes
transformed over the life course
from the serious, pressured ex-
perience of youth to the joy and
freedom of retirement.
Caveats
It was easier for some than
❱❱ PAGE 30 Why putting your
www.canadianinquirer.net
Lifestyle 21
BY AMANDA ELLISON, around the head and neck area.
Durham University The reason for this is due to a va-
The Conversation sodilation (widening of the blood
vessels) which allows more blood
to be diverted to the brain and
Humans can smell over 1 tril- parts of the body that need it.
lion odours. But no two people Vasodilation also activates
will react in quite the same way sensory receptors embedded
to the same smell. While there in the blood vessels, which we
are some smells almost every- perceive as headache pain if the
one agrees are unpleasant (such blood vessels in the head and
as paint thinner or rotten food), neck are the ones widening.
our reactions to other types of How we respond emotionally
smells can be far more personal. to certain smells is very personal,
Take perfume. While one per- and based on a myriad of experi-
son may find the ences. It may even be
smell of a strong, triggered by smells
floral perfume to we may not even be
be heavenly, an- conscious of smell-
other person may ... our ing or consciously
find it gives them aware of our reac-
a headache. There reactions tion to them. But if
are many reasons to other you tend to get head-
why people can get a aches only when you
physical reaction to types of smell certain scents,
strong smells – but smells it may be due to the
here are the three negative association
most common ones. can be you have to it.
1. Emotions far more 2. Sinus trou-
Of all of our sens- bles
es, only smell has personal. The chemicals
a direct line to our that activate the
emotional system. smell signals in
It’s thought the rea- our brain (called
son for this link is odorants) can
because smell evolved first of sometimes irritate our sinuses.
all of our senses. This means we Smoke, perfume and chlorine
don’t just perceive smell based are some of the most common
on the odour chemicals present- odorants that cause irritation.
ed to us, but together with all Our sinuses comprise of four
our memories of that smell – in- distinct, air-filled cavities in the
cluding the way it makes us feel, bones of our face. Each are lined
our past memories, and how we with a mucus-secreting mem-
presently feel. brane. The mucus traps particles
So let’s say you smell some- and bugs that come in through
thing you associate with a neg- our nose and mouth. But in or-
ative memory. Perhaps it’s the der to clear these trapped par-
smell of cleaning chemicals ticles or potential irritants, the
used in a hospital, or the same body needs to produce more and
perfume your ex used. One more mucus – resulting in aller-
whiff may cause all those neg- gy-like symptoms. This in turn
ative emotions to come rush- causes our immune system to
ing back to you, leading your kick in and help out, which re-
body to generate a fight or flight sults in vasodilation and inflam-
stress response. mation. The end result for some
The fight or flight stress re- is a headache.
sponse is your body’s way of Some odours may also act
reacting to stress, anxiety or directly on the nerve pathway
danger. It causes a number of that transmits the sensory sig-
physical changes, most of which nals to the brain, too. Called the
are triggered by the brain going trigeminal pathway, this scoops
into high alert. One of the first up all the sensory signals from
changes you may notice during a
fight or flight response is tension ❱❱ PAGE 30 Three reasons strong
22
Hockey Canada scandal highlights
toxic masculinity in sports
BY MICHAEL KEHLER,
University of Calgary,
GABRIEL KNOTT-FAYLE,
University of Calgary
The Conversation
Over recent weeks and months,
Canadians have watched a stream
of headlines tracing Hockey Can-
ada’s failure to address sexual
assault allegations. The misuse
of hockey registration fees to pay
for sexual assault settlements has
raised growing concerns about
sport culture and sexual miscon-
duct among some players.
Hockey Canada acknowl-
edged that it did not “end the
culture of toxic behavior” but
grossly misunderstood and
miscalculated the depth and
breadth of the problem. This is,
in large part, because of a failure
to recognize the intersection of
sport culture and masculinity
in male dominated spaces.
A group of international ac-
ademics and researchers sent
an open letter to Canada’s Sport
Minister and the Standing Com-
mittee on Canadian Heritage
raising longstanding concerns
about sexual violence, misog-
yny, masculinity, homophobia
Arcilla bags 10th PCA Open title;
teen unseats Capadocia
BY JEAN MALANUM
Philippine News Agency
MANILA – Top seed John-
ny Arcilla defended his men’s
singles title with a hard-fought
7-5, 1-6, 6-1, 3-6, 6-4 win over
Guillermo Olaso of Spain in the
39th Philippine Columbian As-
sociation (PCA) Open Tennis
Championships at the PCA in-
door shell court in Paco, Manila
on Sunday.
Sports
and bullying in sport, and hock-
ey culture in particular.
Sport culture and mascu-
linity
Following a federal gov-
ernment inquiry into Hockey
Canada, sponsors withdrawing
financial support and public
pressure demanding change,
the board of directors resigned.
But much work still needs to be
done to remedy toxic masculin-
ity and a familiar parade of male
privilege and entitlement in a
sport that has not been held to
account for its actions.
Mainstream media has al-
lowed the conversation of sex-
ual assaults and sport culture
to land squarely onto hockey
itself. The result: the relation-
ship between masculinity and
sport remains intact and un-
changed. Meanwhile repeated
assault cases and considerable
research show that the issues
we are seeing within Hockey
Canada are disproportionately
linked to gender —namely mas-
culinity — and sport culture.
Locker room rules
The organization, and per-
haps the general public, has
been focused on the inner work-
ings, the hierarchy of power and
It was the second consec-
utive and 10th overall singles
title for Arcilla, who first lifted
the champion’s trophy in 2001.
His other victories were from
2006 to 2009, 2011 to 2013, and
2019 when the tournament was
last held before pandemic re-
strictions canceled the event in
the last two years.
“It was a great match. The
crowd support was a big boost
to my morale,” said the 42-year-
old Arcilla, who took home
who said what, knew what, and
when. But men, hockey players
in this case, and the board of
directors have failed to account
for the sexual violence.
Allegations of sexual assault
against eight hockey players have
been overshadowed by an ad-
ministrative abuse of power and
misuse of registration fees that
has pushed sexual violence to
the sidelines of the conversation.
What about the players? How can
the locker room rules for being
one of the boys yet again perpetu-
ate such damaging and far-reach-
ing actions and reactions?
Boys routinely navigate
locker rooms and highly mas-
culinized spaces with fear and
vulnerability. Men are afraid to
speak up against or in violation
of a boy code that requires con-
formity and uniformity. There
is a culture of silence among
men desperately wanting to fit
and be accepted.
Men refuse to be vulnerable,
to step out from the shadows
of dominant figures in locker
rooms because they fear the
consequences. Even when we
see unethical conduct among
the boys, it is a hyper-masculine
sport culture that sustains and
PHP200,000.
“I’d like to thank my doubles
partner Ronard Joven, who
is also my hitting partner, for
helping me prepare for this fi-
nal match,” he added.
Olaso, a former World No.
167, held his serve at 4-5 in the
deciding fifth set but Arcil-
la played steadier in the next
game to seal the victory.
“He’s a very good competi-
tor,” said the 32-year-old from
the port city of Bilbao. “You
www.canadianinquirer.net
maintains rules that rely on and
ensure silence and fear among
boys and men.
The courage to change
Regardless of which sport
they play, men and boys need
to have the courage to speak
up against sexual violence, ho-
mophobia and racism. Bullying,
domination and marginalizing
boys because they refuse to par-
ticipate in this culture cannot
be tolerated.
What are we doing to pro-
mote a rethink, a shift in mas-
culinity in sport culture? What
have to be fit to play in a best-
of-match like this.”
Olaso, who maintains a tennis
academy in Singapore, advanced
to the championship round after
ousting second seed and 2018
champion Jeson Patrombon,
7-5, 6-2, in the semifinal.
Meanwhile, second seed Je-
naila Rose Prulla dethroned top
seed Marian Capadocia, 6-3,
7-6(3), to pocket her first title.
The 17-year-old from the City
of San Jose del Monte in Bula-
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
have sport organizations done
specifically to change the nar-
rative on masculinity and on
gender diversity more broadly?
When will the daily realities of
diverse masculinities and flu-
id gender identities and calls
for safer, healthier work, play,
sport cultures, finally be real-
ized? Hockey Canada needs to
change its approach, its mes-
sage, its direction and the very
images of masculinity it valo-
rizes and validates.
❱❱ PAGE 27 Hockey Canada scandal
can foiled Capadocia’s bid for a
record eighth title in the Philip-
pine Tennis Association-sanc-
tioned tournament.
“I was hopeful but not expect-
ing too much. I was thinking
of what happened in our final
meeting in 2019,” said Prulla, re-
ferring to her 1-6, 0-6 defeat in
their previous finals duel.
“Winning the first set made
me confident. I even told myself
❱❱ PAGE 25 Arcilla bags 10th
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022 23

Business
Why inflation will likely stay sky-high
regardless of which party wins the midterms
BY WILLIAM The war in Ukraine sent oil prices costs and thus drive down de-
CHITTENDEN, Texas State soaring at the beginning of 2022. mand – the first driver of in-
University They’ve come down, but a recent flation that I noted above. The
The Conversation supply cut by OPEC+ oil-produc- idea is that higher interest rates
ing nations caused another spike. lead people and businesses to
As oil prices increase, the higher borrow less. The less people
Soaring inflation is the top is- costs are passed on to refiners, and businesses borrow, the less
sue for a lot of voters heading intowhich leads to higher prices at they will spend.
the midterms, with most saying the pump. The impact of higher interest
Republicans would do a better The increase in the price rates is already being felt in the
job of handling the problem. of eggs is another example of housing market, for example.
Indeed, Republican candi- this type of inflation. Bird flu Current 30-year mortgage rates
dates are taking full advantage caused the deaths of about 10% are over 7% on average, more
of voter concern about inflation of egg-laying hens beginning than double the rates of a year
by hammering Democrats on in January 2022. In addition, ago and the highest since 2002.
the issue and pushing their own farmers faced higher fuel and This is resulting in fewer home
ideas to fight inflation, such fertilizer costs. These factors sales and falling prices.
as cutting both government have caused the average price of The problem is that this ap-
spending and taxes. eggs to soar to an all-time high. proach has absolutely no effect
As a finance and economics The Fed can fight only half on the other main generator of
expert, I have studied inflation, the battle inflation, rising production costs. in the economy leads to lower finding, but it suggests divided
what causes it and what can An economy’s central bank – The Fed’s higher rates will demand for goods and services, government has an upside.
bring it down. That’s why I doubt not Congress or the president not stop the war in Ukraine or both as the government spends Another way to look at this is
a Republican Congress prompt hens to lay less and individuals and busi- to examine the parties’ current
would have much, if more eggs. Therefore, nesses give more or get less or proposed policies. Demo-
any, effect on inflation. energy and egg prices from the government. crats have touted their “Infla-
Two drivers of in- won’t drop as a result. But as with higher rates, it tion Reduction Act,” a package
flation This is also true for won’t do anything to fix the of climate, health care and tax
Inflation, or a sus- The main goal of the all products and ser- global economy’s ongoing sup- measures passed in August, as
tained rise in consum- vices whose produc- ply chain problems or lower pro- proof that they are tackling the
er prices, is created in rate hikes is to increase tion costs are increas- duction costs. Changes in taxes problem. But despite the name,
two main ways. borrowing costs and thus ing because of supply or government spending will not economists expect it to have
The first is by way of chain issues. reduce food prices or the cost of very little impact on inflation
an increase in demand drive down demand... These issues have heating your home this winter. anytime soon, because most of
for products and ser- affected the prices of So even while a Republican the measures will take years to
vices. For example, at everything from bicy- Congress might want to do more go into effect.
the beginning of the cles to bathroom tis- about inflation, whatever it does Republicans, meanwhile,
pandemic, demand for sue. Higher interest will affect only one of the drivers. have proposed cutting spend-
webcams soared, as rates will not affect the Who’s better on inflation ing – such as on America’s so-
lots of employees were demand for and thus Taking a step back, does ei- cial safety net – and lowering
required to work remotely. As – is typically the first line of de- the prices for bikes, toilet paper ther political party have a bet- taxes for wealthier individuals
a result, the prices of webcams fense when it comes to battling or any other goods feeling sup- ter track record on inflation? and businesses. While spend-
increased significantly. inflation. Central banks set ply chain strains. The short answer is no, based ing cuts could reduce demand
Or take leisure travel, which monetary policy, and their pri- Congress’ fiscal tools are on my analysis of economic data – and inflation – the lower taxes
has increased significantly mary way of combating infla- also limited from 1953 to 2020. From Pres- would work at cross purposes
as COVID-19 infections have tion is by raising interest rates. Congress and the White idents Dwight D. Eisenhower and drive up prices by pumping
come down. People are flying In the U.S., the Federal Re- House do have some tools they through Donald Trump, infla- more money into the economy.
more, which has led to higher serve focuses on the so-called can use in the inflation fight. tion has averaged 3.35% under In other words, expect in-
ticket prices. federal funds rate, which is the One problem is they’re not very Democratic administrations flation to stay high regardless
When these types of de- base rate that banks use in set- popular and so hard to pass. An- and 3.5% under Republicans. of which political party is in
mand-driven price increases ting their own deposit and loan other is that, like the Fed’s rate One caveat, however. When the majority of the House and
occur across a large number of rates. The Fed has raised this hikes, they address only one the House and Senate are con- Senate. And then, turn to hope
products and services, the re- benchmark five times in 2022, kind of inflation. trolled by Republicans while – that the Fed’s rate hikes work,
sult is rising inflation. from about 0% in March to 3% The main thing the govern- the president is a Democrat, and the supply chain problems
Inflation can also result from – and is expected to lift rates ment can do is take money out inflation averaged 2 percent- driving up costs begin to ease. ■
higher production costs. another 0.75 percentage point of the pockets of consumers age points less than than when
For instance, gas prices are on on Nov. 2, 2022. and businesses, either by rais- everything was in Democrat- This article is republished
the rise because it has become a The main goal of the rate ing taxes or cutting spending – ic hands. There are fewer data from The Conversation under a
lot more expensive to produce it. hikes is to increase borrowing or both. A reduction in money points, so it’s not as strong a Creative Commons license.
www.canadianinquirer.net
 24
Bankers need to be personally liable to avoid
future financial crises — new research
BY DAVID BLAKE, University
of London
The Conversation
Most financial crises have
plenty in common. They tend to
start in the banking sector and
involve excessive borrowing,
together with an asset bubble,
usually related to property.
The global crisis of 2008 was
no different, with the asset bub-
ble focused on US real estate.
But my research suggests this
crisis had another underlying
cause – that some people in the
banking sector were playing or
“gaming” the system for their
own financial gain.
The game being played had
several important features. First
was the deliberate complexity of
the financial products at its core
– in particular the products based
on pooling residential mortgage
loans (called “mortgage-backed
securities”) that were sold by
banks to other banks and institu-
tional investors.
These products were issued
by the very banks that had of-
fered the mortgages to custom-
ers who did not earn enough to
pay the mortgage interest, and
relied on ever-increasing house
prices to stay afloat.
Then there are the be-
havioural biases that pervade
Bill 21 offends..
❰❰ 9 trality discussed here.
The notwithstanding
clause could poten-
tially be used in such cases, if
the state opts to do so, subject
to any other applicable consti-
tutional constraints.
Nor does it mean that gov-
ernments must be neutral on all
questions which intersect with
religion. As courts and legal com-
menters have observed, such “ab-
solute neutrality” is practically
impossible. What the duty does
require is that the state not deny
its citizens equal access to the
public square solely because of
their religious or irreligious iden-
tity – which is the effect of Bill 21.
What further distinguishes
Bill 21 is that it effectively re-
places state neutrality by en-
shrining a new doctrine – laïcité
– as the official policy of Que-
Business
decision-making at all levels of
the banking industry. My re-
search found that banking can
often attract a certain kind of
person: those who are prone
to overconfidence, excessive
risk-taking and, in some cases,
psychopathic behaviour.
Such people tend to like com-
plexity for its own sake. But they
often do not fully understand the
implications of that complexity
for the stability of the financial
system as a whole. Often they do
not care – they are primarily in-
terested in gaming the system to
maximise their bonuses.
The next element is risk.
There are parts of the banking
sector that will always be prone
to risk, but my research suggests
bec. It even amends the Quebec
Charter of Human Rights and
Freedoms to this effect, adding
to its preamble that “the Québec
nation considers State laicity to
be of fundamental importance.”
This is more than an individual
infringement of religious free-
dom. Bill 21 essentially replaces
the duty of state neutrality with
a conflicting doctrine.
Some might say that Bill 21’s
“laïcité” in fact advances neu-
trality. However, as the trial
judge who scrutinized the law
noted, Bill 21 is not neutral about
religion. It is rather a law with a
de facto religious purpose: “the
word laïcité can be used over
and over again in place of the
word religion, but this does not
exclude the fact that this notion
implies the absence of religion.
Here, through Bill 21, the ban-
that many bankers have come to
feel immune to its potential im-
pact. Instead, they are comfort-
ed and emboldened by the view
that, however recklessly banks
behave, governments – and
hence taxpayers – will always be
there to bail them out.
Meanwhile, financial regula-
tors attempt to set out effective
rules and codes to mitigate risk.
But this usually results only in a
continual game of cat and mouse
with an industry constantly seek-
ing to circumvent any regula-
tions they consider too onerous.
Game over?
Given all of this, there are
no effective measures that any
government would be prepared
to introduce to deal with this
ning of religion is done without
any formal promotion of secu-
larism, since it seeks only to take
away the rights of persons who
wear religious symbols” (unoffi-
cial translation).
The Supreme Court has never
considered whether this duty of
state neutrality can be suspend-
ed – let alone replaced – by resort
to the notwithstanding clause. If
Parliament were to enact a law
designating a particular denom-
ination or atheism as the offi-
cial state religion or irreligion of
Canada, and did so by invoking
the notwithstanding clause, it is
hard to imagine this law passing
constitutional muster. This law
would betray a commitment that
sits at the heart of our constitu-
tional order and intervenes be-
fore the notwithstanding clause
enters the fray. The duty of neu-
www.canadianinquirer.net
situation. There have been no
serious attempts to recognise
or address the issue of product
complexity, and when it comes
to dealing with behaviour and
personality types, everyone –
including employees, manag-
ers, directors and even regula-
tors – is susceptible.
Previous attempts to com-
bat systemic risk in finance
were based on the underlying
assumption that the financial
system is rational and that
bankers want to behave ratio-
nally if they are given the right
incentives. But these assump-
tions, my research indicates,
are questionable.
Gaming in the banking sec-
tor seems virtually impossible
to eliminate. The only effective
measure to end it would be to
make bankers personally liable
for losses, to remove the sense
that their actions – their games
– have no personal financial or
legal consequences.
It is this, rather than remov-
ing the cap on bankers’ bonus-
es, that has the best chance of
preventing the financial system
blowing up again.
However, no government has
ever passed such a law. And no
single government could do so on
its own, since this would immedi-
ately cause their entire national
banking sector to move whole-
trality renders such a law – or
any law that resembles it – a non-
starter in Canada.
At least one of the ways to
reach this conclusion would be
to take the evolving understand-
ing of the duty of neutrality a
step further, and recognize its
core protection of equal reli-
gious participation in society as
an independent constitutional
doctrine, one which exists out-
side of Section 33’s scope. We
believe it already holds this sta-
tus in Canada, albeit unofficially.
The Bill 21 litigation – in which a
number of these arguments are
being raised – offers an opportu-
nity to make it official.
A free and democratic society
depends on the full and equal
participation of its citizenry
in public life. The government
cannot deny this basic right to
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
sale to another jurisdiction.
The law would have to be in-
troduced simultaneously in all
countries – and the probability
of this happening is negligible.
In short, the only effective mea-
sure to limit gaming will not,
and cannot, be introduced.
This may seem like a bleak
conclusion, and in many ways
it is – particularly for taxpayers.
But there is a more positive al-
ternative, which entails the in-
dustry returning to the simple
products that the banks, their
regulators and their customers
understand. In most cases the
complexity is unnecessary.
For we should not forget that
the main functions of banks
are pretty straightforward: to
raise funds from depositors and
wholesale markets in order to
lend to households and busi-
nesses. Banks have been pro-
viding these services success-
fully for centuries. But today
bankers are not interested in
simple products – because they
are more difficult to game.
Until that changes, the re-
ally important lesson of the
global financial crisis is that it
is bound to be repeated. The
“great game” will never end. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
its citizens, solely on the basis
of their religious or irreligious
identity. The bottom line is
that the duty of neutrality for-
bids any government in Can-
ada from enacting laws that,
to quote Saguenay, “create a
preferential public space that
favours certain religious groups
and is hostile to others.” In oth-
er words, this duty disempow-
ers legislatures from enacting
laws of this sort and should
operate prior to the question
of Charter rights and freedoms.
Bill 21 is unambiguously a law
of this sort. It violates the doc-
trine of neutrality and is there-
fore unconstitutional.■
This article first appeared
on Policy Options and is repub-
lished here under a Creative
Commons license.
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Why are there so many data breaches?
A growing industry of criminals is
brokering in stolen data
BY JAMES MARTIN, Deakin
University, CHAD WHELAN,
Deakin University
The Conversation
New details have emerged on
the severity of the Medibank
hack, which has now affect-
ed all users. Optus, Medibank,
Woolworths, and, last Friday,
electricity provider Energy
Australia are all now among the
household names that have fall-
en victim to a data breach.
If it seems like barely a week
goes by without news of another
incident like this, you would be
right. Cybercrime is on the rise –
seven major Australian business-
es were affected by data breaches
in the past month alone.
But why now? And who is re-
sponsible for this latest wave of
cyber attacks?
In large part, the increas-
ing number of data breaches
is being driven by the growth
of a global illicit industry that
trades in your data. In partic-
ular, hackers known as “initial
access brokers” specialise in il-
legally gaining access to victim
networks and then selling this
access to other cyber criminals.
The cyber crime ecosystem
Hackers and initial access bro-
kers are just one part of a complex
and diversifying cyber crime eco-
system. This ecosystem contains
various cyber criminal groups
who increasingly specialise in
one particular aspect of online
crime and then work together to
carry out the attacks.
For example, one of the fast-
Arcilla bags 10th..
❰❰ 22 that even if I lose the
match, at least, I was
able to win a set,” add-
ed the graduating senior high
school studet of First City Prov-
idential College.
Technology
est-growing and most damaging
forms of cyber crime – ransom-
ware attacks – involves mali-
cious software that paralyses a
victim’s device or system until a
decryption key is provided fol-
lowing payment of a ransom.
Ransomware attacks are big
business. In 2021 alone, they
earned cyber criminals more
than US$600 million. The huge
amounts of money to be made
in ransomware, and the rich
abundance of targets from all
around the world are fostering
the development of a vast ran-
somware industry.
Ransomware attacks are
complex, involving up to nine
different stages. These include
gaining access to a victim’s net-
work, stealing data, encrypting
a victim’s network, and issuing
a ransom demand.
Specialist criminals
Increasingly, these attacks
are carried out not by lone cy-
ber criminal groups, but rather
by networks of different cyber
crime groups, each of which
specialises in a different stage
of the attack.
Initial access brokers will of-
ten carry out the first stage of a
ransomware attack. Described
by Google’s Threat Analysis
Group as “the opportunis-
tic locksmiths of the security
world”, it’s their job to gain ac-
cess to a victim’s network.
Once they have compro-
mised a victim’s network, they
typically sell this access to oth-
er groups who will then steal
data and deploy the ransom-
ware that paralyses the victim’s
Capadocia was ahead 6-5 in
the second set but errors in the
next game allowed Prulla to
force the tiebreaker.
In the tiebreak set, Capado-
cia took a 3-1 lead before Prulla
computer systems.
There is a massive and grow-
ing underground market for this
type of crime. Dozens of online
marketplaces on both the dark
web and surface web offer ser-
vices from initial access brokers.
Their access to companies
can be purchased for as little
as US$10, although more priv-
ileged, administrator-level ac-
cess to larger companies often
commands prices of several
thousands of dollars or more.
Responding to the growing
cyber threat
Over the past month, we have
seen several instances of cyber
criminals forgoing actual ran-
somware. Instead, they sought
to directly extort companies by
threatening to publicly release
any data they have stolen.
While not as devastating
as a ransomware attack, data
breaches can cause serious fi-
nancial and reputational dam-
rallied to grab the upper hand at
4-3 when Capadocia’s forehand
shot went into the net.
Prulla made it 5-3 after Ca-
padocia received a point pen-
alty from the chair umpire for
www.canadianinquirer.net
age to an organisation ( just
ask Optus chief executive Kelly
Bayer Rosmarin), not to men-
tion major problems for any
customers or clients who now
have their private information
released online.
In the final six months of 2021,
more than 460 data breaches
were reported to government
authorities. Even more worry-
ingly, this number is almost cer-
tainly an underestimate.
While companies with a
turnover of more than AU$3
million are required by law to
report data breaches involving
personal information, most
small businesses are not subject
to mandatory reporting laws.
Therefore, they have little in-
centive to report a data breach
that could scare off customers
and damage their brand.
Taking action against cy-
ber crime
So what can we do about it?
delaying the match when she
experienced leg cramps.
Capadocia missed her next
shot and Prulla hit a forehand
winner to wrap up the match
and take the champion’s purse
25
In the first instance, companies
need to rethink their approach
to data. Data should be treated
not simply as an asset that can
be freely held and traded in, but
also as a liability that needs to
be carefully protected.
Some experts are calling for
Australia to follow the Euro-
pean Union’s approach and to
introduce stricter corporate
regulations that better protect
consumer data.
This week the federal gov-
ernment also introduced plans
to fine companies that do not
maintain sufficient cyber se-
curity and suffer repeated data
breaches.
Reforms like this could help,
particularly in preventing rel-
atively unsophisticated data
breaches, like the one that re-
cently affected Optus.
On the other hand, punitive
fines towards victims could fur-
ther strengthen the hand of entre-
preneurial cyber criminals – they
could try to leverage these fines to
further extort their victims.
There is no silver bullet to
solving the threats posed by cy-
ber criminals. At a minimum,
both government and industry
must continue to work togeth-
er to improve our cyber de-
fences and resilience. Through
research, we must also work
to better understand the glob-
al cyber crime ecosystem as it
continues to evolve. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
worth PHP100,000.
Capadocia and Prulla are
members of the national team
which took the bronze medal
at the Vietnam Southeast Asian
Games in May. ■
 26
Digital solutions are boosting agriculture in
Kenya, but it’s time to scale up. Here’s how
BY HEIKE BAUMÜLLER,
University of Bonn, JOHN
KIETI, University of Nairobi
The Conversation
Digital agricultural services
have proliferated across Africa
over the last decade. Most are
services that work on mobile
phones, although more ad-
vanced technologies are in use
too – like satellite images, sen-
sors, blockchains and big data
analytics.
The services offer access to
information, markets and fi-
nancial products.
Kenya is at the forefront of
this development in Africa. The
country is home to numerous
service providers that seek to
solve problems in food and ag-
riculture using digital technol-
ogies. In 2020, the GSM Associ-
ation counted 95 such services
in Kenya. This is around twice
the number found for instance
in Nigeria, the country with
the second highest digital ag-
ricultural services prevalence
in Africa. Providers range from
small start-ups to large compa-
nies that mainly offer advice, fi-
nance and market linkage.
But scaling up these solu-
tions remains a challenge. A
study on digital agriculture in
sub-Saharan Africa showed
that only a few service provid-
ers managed to register more
than one million users. In Ken-
ya, it’s estimated that only 20%
to 30% of farmers use a digital
agricultural solution. This is
better than other countries in
the region – but still low.
In our research, we exam-
ined how to support the scaling
of digital agricultural services
in Kenya. We found that uptake
could be increased by building
Why do people..
❰❰ 20 and slipped over to its
phonological neigh-
bor “mushroom.”
Insights from variety
Psycholinguists who collect
and analyze speech errors find
many ways to categorize them
and to explain how and why
people make them.
I like to compare that effort
with how Charles Darwin stud-
Technology
digital bridges in the form of
digital platforms that bundle
such services for easy access
and use. But human bridges are
also needed that link service us-
ers and providers.
The insights from the re-
search can help service and
platform providers design and
scale solutions that suit differ-
ent users. They can also inform
policies and investments need-
ed to create the conditions for
scaling these services.
What we did
We conducted a survey of 758
likely users of hypothetical dig-
ital platforms that would aggre-
gate digital agricultural services
in Kenya. All the potential users
had access to the internet or basic
data connectivity. Respondents
were contacted via relevant
Facebook groups and invited to
complete the survey online.
A second in-person survey
shed light on how agricultural
intermediaries in Kenyan value
chains use digital technologies
in their work. These included
296 input dealers, output deal-
ers and extension agents. Our
research offers the first com-
prehensive study of the digital
capabilities of agricultural in-
termediaries. More commonly,
studies focus on agricultural
producers.
What we found
Our research showed that
likely users would see value in
aggregator platforms if they
made digital agricultural ser-
vices easier to find and assured
their quality. They would also
like platforms to be open to a
wide range of value chain actors
with diverse levels of digital
skills. Our findings also high-
lighted that human interaction
still matters. It should comple-
ment digitally enabled contacts
ied Galápagos finches. Studying
speech errors and finches in de-
tail reveals how tiny variations
distinguish them.
Theories of how people talk
seek to explain those details.
Psycholinguists distinguish slips
by the linguistic units that they
involve, such as consonants,
vowels, words and phrases. They
describe how and when speak-
and transactions.
Aggregator platforms can
help scale up digital agricultural
solutions in a number of ways:
Accessibility and usability:
The platforms could make dig-
ital agricultural services easier
to locate and use. This would
help users navigate the often
confusing array of services on
offer. For instance, platforms
could provide a one-stop shop
for a diverse range of services
that are easily searchable and
only require a single registra-
tion and payment system. They
would need to be usable with
different types of digital tech-
nologies and skills.
Value enhancement and
trust building: Aggregator
platforms would be valuable if
they could guarantee the qual-
ity and reliability of digital ag-
ricultural services. This would
build trust in the services. They
could do so, for instance, by set-
ting, monitoring and enforcing
quality standards for partici-
pating service providers or in-
troducing user rating systems.
Human intermediaries could
ers use such information. This
can help us understand how lan-
guage develops in children and
how it breaks down in people
with certain impairments.
These theories also describe
different stages for planning and
producing sentences. For exam-
ple, psycholinguists hypothesize
that speakers start with what
they want to convey. Then they
www.canadianinquirer.net
also play an important role in
building trust.
Inclusivity: Users would like
aggregator platforms to include
a wide range of value chains and
actors. Through their networks,
intermediaries could get more ac-
tors to use aggregator platforms.
Of course, aggregator plat-
forms don’t offer all the answers
to scaling digital agricultural
solutions. They would need a
supportive policy environment.
But there are gaps. These include:
• Insufficient digital skills.
This needs to be addressed by
integrating related training at
all levels of education.
• Poor technology infrastruc-
ture. This would require ex-
panding access to high-speed
mobile networks, affordable
smartphones and reliable elec-
tricity, particularly in rural areas.
The way forward
Various factors have contrib-
uted to Kenya’s leadership role
in digital agriculture in Africa.
Mobile network infrastructure
expanded early on, supported
by government policies which
attracted the necessary invest-
retrieve word meanings from
a mental dictionary. They ar-
range the words according to the
grammar of the language they’re
speaking. How words sound and
the rhythm of whole sentences
are later stages. If this is right,
the “finger-toe” substitution re-
flects an earlier stage than the
“mustache-mushroom” substi-
tution.
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
ments and fostered competition.
Digital business development
was largely driven by dedicat-
ed individuals, innovation hubs
and so-called angel investors.
Together they created a condu-
cive innovation environment
for local start-ups developing
digital solutions for a technolo-
gy-savvy customer base of rela-
tively well-educated users.
The widespread adoption
of M-Pesa also played an im-
portant role. It facilitated the
provision of digital agricultural
services that require financial
transactions.
The country needs to build
on these successes. The digital
transformation of Kenya’s agri-
culture will become a reality if it
can link viable digital solutions
providers with potential bene-
ficiaries. That requires digital
bridges connecting diverse ser-
vices and users. But it will also
require human bridges to nar-
row the technological and skill
gaps, to build trust in service
provision and to reach those
who are not yet connected.
Aggregator platforms that
integrate agricultural interme-
diaries into their design are one
avenue for building such bridg-
es. This will happen if they un-
derstand the different demands
and capacities of their users.
The design and marketing of
digital agricultural services will
have to match users’ needs and
abilities. Similarly, public and
private investments in skills,
infrastructure and the busi-
ness environment are crucial
for such platforms to fulfil their
potential. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
The study of speech errors
reminds us that glitches hap-
pen now and then in every com-
plex behavior. When you walk,
you sometimes trip. When you
talk, you sometimes slip. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Fermented foods and fibre
may lower stress levels – new study
BY JOHN CRYAN, University
College Cork
The Conversation
When it comes to dealing
with stress, we’re often told the
best things we can do are exer-
cise, make time for our favour-
ite activities or try meditation
or mindfulness.
But the kinds of foods we eat
may also be an effective way of
dealing with stress, according
to research published by me
and other members of APC Mi-
crobiome Ireland. Our latest
study has shown that eating
more fermented foods and fibre
daily for just four weeks had a
significant effect on lowering
perceived stress levels.
Over the last decade, a grow-
ing body of research has shown
that diet can have a huge impact
on our mental health. In fact, a
healthy diet may even reduce
the risk of many common men-
tal illnesses.
The mechanisms underpin-
ning the effect of diet on mental
health are still not fully under-
stood. But one explanation for
this link could be via the rela-
tionship between our brain and
our microbiome (the trillions
of bacteria that live in our gut).
Known as the gut-brain axis, this
allows the brain and gut to be in
constant communication with
each other, allowing essential
body functions such as digestion
and appetite to happen. It also
means that the emotional and
cognitive centres in our brain
Hockey Canada scandal..
❰❰ 22 For athletes, atti-
tudes, behaviours and
expressions of mascu-
linity need to change. Violence,
aggression and domination
do not have to be the norm by
which we judge men and boys.
The lessons learned to be a
man, to exert domination and
power over others, to prove
manliness and control others
Food
Foods such as kimchi are great to include in a psychobiotic diet.
are closely connected to our gut.
While previous research has
shown stress and behaviour are
also linked to our microbiome,
it has been unclear until now
whether changing diet (and there-
fore our microbiome) could have
a distinct effect on stress levels.
This is what our study set out
to do. To test this, we recruited
45 healthy people with relative-
ly low-fibre diets, aged 18–59
years. More than half were wom-
en. The participants were split
into two groups and randomly
assigned a diet to follow for the
four-week duration of the study.
Around half were assigned a
diet designed by nutritionist Dr
Kirsten Berding, which would
increase the amount of prebi-
otic and fermented foods they
ate. This is known as a “psycho-
biotic” diet, as it included foods
that have been linked to better
are deep-seated cultural con-
structions. The suggestion that
doing otherwise makes some-
one less of a man, inadequate
and weak, relies on flawed and
damaging views of masculinity.
Hockey Canada has a respon-
sibility to purposefully change
the instructions, guidelines
and institutional culture that
uphold and maintain damag-
mental health.
This group was given a one-
on-one education session with
a dietitian at both the start and
halfway through the study. They
were told they should aim to in-
clude 6-8 servings daily of fruits
and vegetables high in prebiotic
fibres (such as onions, leeks, cab-
bage, apples, bananas and oats),
5-8 servings of grains per day, and
3-4 servings of legumes per week.
They were also told to include
2-3 servings of fermented foods
daily (such as sauerkraut, kefir
and kombucha). Participants on
the control diet only received
general dietary advice, based on
the healthy eating food pyramid.
Less stress
Intriguingly, those who fol-
lowed the psychobiotic diet re-
ported they felt less stressed
compared with those who fol-
lowed the control diet. There
ing versions of masculinity.
With purposeful change and
intentional redirection, Hock-
ey Canada can lead a culture
shift within sport. “Boys being
boys” and “it’s just the way it is”
are not acceptable excuses for
sexual assaults, misogyny, ho-
mophobia and bullying.
Instead, boys should be en-
couraged and supported with
www.canadianinquirer.net
was also a direct correlation be-
tween how strictly participants
followed the diet and their per-
ceived stress levels, with those
who ate more psychobiotic
foods during the four-week peri-
od reporting the greatest reduc-
tion in perceived stress levels.
Interestingly, the quality of
sleep improved in both groups –
though those on the psychobiotic
diet reported greater improve-
ments in sleep. Other studies have
also shown that gut microbes are
implicated in sleep processes,
which may explain this link.
The psychobiotic diet only
caused subtle changes in the
composition and function of
microbes in the gut. However,
we observed significant chang-
es in the level of certain key
chemicals produced by these
gut microbes. Some of these
chemicals have been linked
to mental health, which could
potentially explain why partic-
ipants on the diet reported feel-
ing less stressed.
Our results suggest specific
diets can be used to reduce per-
ceived stress levels. This kind
of diet may also help to protect
mental health in the long run as
it targets the microbes in the gut.
While these results are en-
couraging, our study is not
without its limitations. First,
the sample size is small due to
the pandemic restricting re-
cruitment. Second, the short
duration of the study could have
limited the changes we observed
– and it’s unclear how long they
would last. As such, long-term
leadership that promotes in-
clusion and rejects sexism, vio-
lence and bullying.
Becoming a valued team
member does not have to rely
on acting like “one of the boys”
while harbouring fears and in-
securities that cloak weakness-
es and uncertainties. Rather
than promoting a culture of
masculinity in sport that per-
27
studies will be needed.
Third, while participants
recorded their daily diet, this
form of measurement can be
susceptible to error and bias,
especially when estimating
food intake. And while we did
our best to ensure participants
didn’t know what group they’d
been assigned to, they may have
been able to guess based on the
nutrition advice they were giv-
en. This may have affected the
responses they gave at the end
of the study. Finally, our study
only looked at people who were
already healthy. This means we
don’t understand what effect
this diet could have on someone
who may not be as healthy.
Still, our study offers exciting
evidence that an effective way
to reduce stress may be through
diet. It will be interesting to
know if these results can also be
replicated in people suffering
from stress-related disorders,
such as anxiety and depression.
It also adds further evidence
to this field of research, show-
ing evidence of an association
between diet, our microbiome
and our mental health.
So the next time you’re feeling
particularly stressed, perhaps
you’ll want to think more care-
fully about what you plan on eat-
ing for lunch or dinner. Including
more fibre and fermented foods
for a few weeks may just help you
feel a little less stressed out. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
petuates fear and silence in boys
trying to fit in, Hockey Canada,
coaches and parents can sup-
port boys who show courage,
commitment and allyship that
makes for safer and healthier
masculinities in sport. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
28
From Beachside Bliss to High-
Altitude Adventure: Booking.com’s
Top Trending Destinations for 2023
BOOKING.COM
Where we travel matters,
and recent global events don’t
appear to have dampened trav-
elers’ wanderlust for new desti-
nations, with an emerging trove
of global treasures waiting to
be discovered. Booking.com’s
annual Travel Predictions re-
search* found that travelers
are feeling overwhelmingly
more optimistic about travel-
ing in 2023 compared to last
year (73%) and are increasingly
seeking travel that pushes them
to the limits (73%) with more
far-flung adventurous trips and
experiences that encapsulate
the sentiment that there is no
time like the present. To help
travelers discover the ultimate
destinations to have on their
radar in 2023, Booking.com
has delved into global booking
trends** to share the top trend-
ing destinations for travelers to
explore. From spiritual seaside
towns to artistic capitals and
historical hidden gems, this
passion-packed list of on-trend
destinations, experiences and
stays is sure to inspire a year of
incredible trips in 2023.
São Paulo, Brazil
The energetic metropolis
of São Paulo with its art house
cinemas and experimental
theaters is home to 20 million
locals known as ‘paulistanos’.
The concrete jungle boasts an
exploding nightlife scene with
a matrix of underground clubs
where travelers can dance un-
til dawn – perfect for the three
quarters (72%) who are open
to ‘nightlife-centric vacations’
in 2023.* A Traditional Sam-
ba and Pagode Experience will
give partygoers a chance to
soak up live samba, while food-
ies will delight in the gourmet
dining that makes this city a
world-renowned gastronomic
haven, home to an impressive
Travel
nine of the 14 Michelin-starred
restaurants in Brazil. Must-
tries include the ‘coxinha,’ a
golden shredded chicken cro-
quette, and the ‘feijoada,’ a rich
black bean stew – delicacies
also found on the menu of the
street food stalls. For the third
(33%) of travelers who like to
indulge in shopping on vacation
for things that aren’t available
at home, a trip to Oscar Freire
street is a must for fashionis-
tas with its boutique shops and
cool designs. For downtime,
visitors can escape the city with
a short drive to the beaches on
the northern coast of the state
of São Paulo, a hidden gem to
rival the famous beaches of Rio.
Where to stay: For a stylish
hotel in a lively neighborhood,
the L´Hotel Portobay São Paulo
is just a short walk to one of São
Paulo’s most vibrant avenues
Avenida Paulista and the Mod-
ern Art Museum. This Booking.
com Travel Sustainable proper-
ty features relaxation options
such as an indoor swimming
pool and a spa, and its restau-
rant serves mouth watering
Italian and Mediterranean spe-
cialties. Guests can enjoy a caip-
irinha, Brazil’s national cocktail
made from cachaça, sugar and
lime at the piano bar.
Budva, Montenegro
For travelers searching for a
sun-soaked beach vacation on
crystal clear waters, the town
of Budva in western Montene-
gro is one of the destinations to
visit in Europe in 2023. Located
on the coast of the Adriatic Sea,
Budva boasts a 22 mile (35km)
winding coastline known as the
Budva Riviera with a strip of
beautiful golden sandy beaches.
With one in five (21%) travelers
saying the main thing they want
from a trip in 2023 is to relax
on a beach,* visitors can chill
out on sun loungers that line
the shores surrounded by next
level scenery of rugged moun-
tains and luxurious yachts. For
those seeking adventure, ex-
plore Boka Bay on a Mamula
Island, Blue Cave & Lady of the
Rocks Tour. Travelers will have
the opportunity to swim and
snorkel at the Blue Cave and
are even able to enter a subma-
rine tunnel. Budva’s medieval
old town, surrounded by stone
walls built by the Venetians,
features cobbled streets dot-
ted with charming restaurants
where visitors can enjoy fresh
grilled seafood including the lo-
cal favorite – octopus. At night,
Budva comes alive with scores
of bars and clubs headlined
by world-famous techno and
house DJs where partygoers
can dance the night away.
Where to stay: For travel-
ers searching for somewhere
to enjoy all to themselves,
Apartments Inspiration of-
fers studio, one-bed and family
apartments. Just a short walk
from the old town and beach,
and away from the noise of the
clubs, the apartments are in
a desirable location and open
out onto a balcony with out-
standing views overlooking the
town, surrounding mountains
and glistening ocean. Guests
can buy delicious local produce
at the nearby grocery store and
enjoy peaceful dinners on the
terrace overlooking the fiery
Mediterranean sunset.
Pondicherry, India
The bohemian and seaside
city of Pondicherry is located on
the southeast coast of India sit-
ting on the Bay of Bengal. Pos-
sessing a calming energy, the
city attracts spiritually-minded
visitors who wish to visit the
destination’s ashrams. With
44% of travelers reporting they
want to try a spiritual stay in
2023 such as a meditation or
mindfulness getaway, and with
40% keen for a silent retreat,*
there are ample opportunities
here to partake in meditation,
www.canadianinquirer.net
yoga and silent days to aid spir-
itual healing. Blessed with a
fascinating history, the quaint
streets of ‘Pondy’ are lined with
pastel-colored townhouses and
charming balconies draped
with pink bougainvilleas. Ac-
cording to locals and travelers
who have visited Pondicherry
before***, cycling through the
leafy boulevards is a popular
way to discover the city, or a
Customized Private Walking
Tour lets travelers experience
Pondicherry at their own pace
with a local guide tailoring the
tour to individual interests.
Tranquil beaches stretch north
and south from town, but Mahe
Beach is the best spot to watch
an incredible sunrise, with a
plethora of watersports and
scuba diving activities avail-
able. Throughout the year, a
kaleidoscope of festivities and
religious celebrations allow vis-
itors to immerse themselves in
the vibrant local culture.
Where to stay: For a peace-
ful stay in a traditional bed and
breakfast, Anantha Heritage is a
beautifully restored Tamil house
located behind a temple and sa-
cred pool, and just a short walk to
the beach. The property features
a delightful library and court-
yard, and guests can retire to the
air-conditioned rooms complete
with high ceilings, big comfy
beds and bright splashes of color.
Nearby is the colorful Goubert
Bazaar, one of the oldest markets
in the city where travelers can
browse flavorful spices, beautiful
flowers and local produce.
Querétaro, Mexico
Querétaro is an up-and-com-
ing destination in Mexico widely
known for its friendly and wel-
coming locals. Located in the
central highlands, the altitude
blesses this city with a constant
spring-like climate perfect for
visiting any time of year. A short
drive from the city lies one of
the world’s largest monoliths,
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
Peña de Bernal, which rises
majestically 1421 feet (433m)
above Pueblo Magico and comes
highly recommended to visit by
other travelers***. Adventure
seekers must call upon their in-
ner bravery to scale the remains
of this old volcano, and the 38%
of travelers who are interested
in extra-terrestrial exploration*
can hear tales of mysterious
lights and nearby UFO sight-
ings from the locals. The region
is also home to Sierra Gorda,
known as the ‘green jewel’ of
Mexico thanks to its beautiful
forests, deserts and canyons
spread across vast mountains
and valleys. This biosphere re-
serve is a UNESCO heritage
site that nature enthusiasts and
hikers will relish. Back in town,
travelers can discover grand
fountains, shady plazas and
historic churches with a stroll
through the city. A pitstop at
the Mercado la Cruz market,
crammed with tasty taco stands
and colorful pinatas is highly
recommended – or indulge in a
glass of fizz, a specialty from the
Querétaro wine region.
Where to stay: The blue-
washed Morazul Hotel Bou-
tique is perfectly located in the
historic center of Querétaro
and just across the road from
the leafy Jardin Guerrero park.
This rustic-chic hotel features
original stone walls and tiled
flooring, wood-beamed ceilings
and blissfully comfy four-post-
er beds, with lots of cozy cor-
ners to chill out in. Guests can
enjoy a calming stroll through
the gardens, or explore the
nearby restaurants, craft shops
and endless historical sites and
monuments.
Bolzano, Italy
The capital of Italy’s north-
ernmost region of South Tyrol,
Bolzano is an alpine destination
ideal for hiking and ski fanatics.
Situated amongst the stunning
snow-capped mountains of the
FRIDAY NOVEMBER 4, 2022
Italian Dolomites, travelers hear about the best ingredients Known locally as ‘KK’, the
can challenge themselves to the for local dishes along with the bustling capital of Sabah in the
ascent in summer – or head to opportunity to visit the host’s Malaysian part of the island of
one of the acclaimed ski resorts home to prepare an Italian Borneo is a hidden gem sur-
in winter. History buffs will feel Aperitivo. rounded by lush rainforests and
at home discovering the many Where to stay: With views of sandy beaches. With half (50%)
medieval castles and gothic the Dolomites, Castel Hörten- of travelers wishing to experi-
‘duomo’ cathedral with its im- berg is a refurbished Renais- ence culture shock while trav-
posing spires that sits in con- sance castle in the center of eling in 2023, this off-the-beat-
trast to the city’s pastel-paint- Bolzano with majestic towers, en-track destination will allow
ed houses. For a more modern original wood paneling and a them to immerse in its unique
culture fix, the Museion is a wine cellar. vibe. By day, travelers can
gallery full of fantastic contem- Guests can unwind at the lux- browse beautiful pearls, colorful
porary paintings and sculptures ury spa of this historical haven textiles and exquisite wood carv-
and well worth a visit. This re- offering chromatic showers and ings crafted by regional artisans
gion of Italy is renowned for its even a wall of pink Himalayan at the Kota Kinabalu Handicraft
full-bodied wines, thanks to its salt for the ultimate relaxation. Market – a welcome hive of art-
endless vines that grow pictur- The property has a Booking. istry for the quarter of travelers
esquely on pergolas and trellis- com Travel Sustainable badge (25%) who want to incorporate
es. Travelers can pay a visit to for its impactful efforts to offer a local accessories into their style.
the quaint Santa Maria Madd- more sustainable stay, including Visitors can also make a beeline
alena Church for breathtak- its commitment to organic food to Tanjung Aru Beach, a hotpot
ing views of these magnificent and bicycle hire for guests to ex- where locals flock, especially on
vineyards and taste the region- plore the neighboring hills and the weekends. The Floating Sea-
al wine. With over half (56%) riverside paths. Ideal for a trip to food Market restaurant is not to
of travelers enjoying authentic Bolzano all year round, there’s be missed with excellent but-
experiences that allow them to an outdoor pool to cool off in ter prawns and soft-shell crab,
live like a local,* a Group Mar- summer and the popular Bolz- while cultural performances on
ket Tour with Cooking Class ano Christmas market is only a stage showcase the blossom-
offers foodies the chance to short walk away in winter. ing local arts-and-music scene.
explore the local markets and Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia The ecosystems around Kota
Kinabalu are home to unique
wildlife, which lucky travelers
can observe in their natural en-
vironment from a boat during an
Evening River Safari. With ma-
jestic views of Mount Kinabalu
along the Nanamun River, visi-
tors may spot a native proboscis
monkey or two and, come dusk,
witness thousands of fireflies
lighting up the evening sky.
Where to stay: For a modern
hotel in the heart of the action,
Le Meridien Kota Kinabalu
is situated opposite the city’s
waterfront market where sou-
venir-hunting travelers can
interact with local fruit and
fish traders. Guests can head
to the ocean for snorkeling and
Old Town Budva, Montenegro (ŠIME BAREŠIĆ/FLICKR, PUBLIC DOMAIN) scuba diving, which is a must-
do according to those who’ve
traveled to Kota Kinabalu pre-
viously***, or recline on one
of the poolside cabanas with
a cocktail. This property that
features local Bornean fabrics
throughout, has a Booking.com
Travel Sustainable badge for its
efforts in sustainability, includ-
ing serving organic produce at
its four eateries and providing
guests with free bicycle hire to
explore the city.
Kalabaka, Greece
Nestled in the Thessaly Valley,
the Greek town of Kalabaka is
a stunning location that guards
the Meteora, a majestic rock
formation and home to several
Eastern Orthodox monasteries.
Olomouc, Czech Republic (SHARON HAHN DARLIN/FLICKR, CC BY 2.0) Towering up to 1,300 feet (400
www.canadianinquirer.net
Travel
meters) high, this UNESCO
world heritage site dates back to
the 13th century and was built by
monks seeking scenic solitude.
Today, these monasteries look
as if they are suspended in air
against a beautiful backdrop of
emerald hills. For the 51% who
want to travel somewhere with
completely different cultural
experiences, this mystic destina-
tion offers other-worldly views
which can be explored by foot.
Or travelers can dive deeper on
a Meteora Sunset Tour and dis-
cover the thousand-year-old Ba-
dovas hermit caves and beautiful
frescoes in the monasteries be-
fore experiencing an incredible
sunset across the valley. Foodies
won’t be disappointed either,
with a bustling market every Fri-
day and local restaurants serving
heartwarming meatballs, Mous-
saka and slow-cooked stews. The
town’s Natural History Museum
even organizes fabulous truffle
hunting tours, followed by tan-
talizing fresh truffle pasta, per-
fect for the 47% of travelers who
are up for eating local delicacies
while traveling.*
Where to stay: Ideally located
between the Meteora and the
town center, the Hotel Doupi-
ani House boasts unbelievable
views of the dramatic rock for-
mations, and is just a short walk
away from the must-visit Mush-
room Museum. This old-world
style hotel has a Booking.com
Travel Sustainable badge for its
commitment to more sustain-
able experiences such as offer-
ing activities organized by local
guides, and serving organic and
locally sourced food. Guests can
appreciate a delicious breakfast
of fresh fruit grown from the ac-
commodation’s own garden and
end an extraordinary day with a
sundowner on one of the scenic
balconies.
Santa Fe, United States
The uniqueness of Santa
Fe is encapsulated in its nick-
name, ‘The City Different,’ with
its unparalleled multicultural
heritage and Native American
tribes. From rich artistic tradi-
tions to adobe-style structures,
indigenous people have left an
impressive mark on the city and
travelers can explore their cul-
ture and creations at the Mu-
seum of Contemporary Native
Arts – or visit one of the 19 pueb-
lo communities where guests
are welcomed on certain days.
Santa Fe is the nation’s highest
state capital and sits at the foot
of the Sangre de Cristo range,
making it a fantastic base for
29
hiking, mountain biking and ski-
ing. For an adrenaline rush from
a great height, travelers can ven-
ture into the mountains for rock
climbing, paragliding or white
water rafting – ideal for the 73%
who are open to ‘out of comfort
zone’ experiences while travel-
ing in 2023.* In the city, visitors
can awaken every sense with
its many Mexican food trucks,
buzzing nightclubs and colorful
open-air markets. For the 51% of
travelers who want to immerse
themselves in a local communi-
ty on vacation in 2023,* a Down-
town Santa Fe Photography
Tour & Class gives visitors the
opportunity to meet and learn
from a Sante Fe resident and ex-
plore the city’s incredible histor-
ic architecture and cityscapes.
Where to stay: The Bobcat
Inn is a bed and breakfast with
a bohemian vibe located just a
short drive from the city cen-
ter and flanked by hiking trails.
A cute courtyard with a BBQ
offers a place for guests to so-
cialize, and is ideal for the 33%
of travelers who will be travel-
ing with friends in 2023.* With
spectacular mountain views,
the garden features a waterfall
and koi pond and is a peace-
ful spot for stargazing. What’s
more, this Booking.com Travel
Sustainable stay offers a plat-
form for local artists to display
their work and invests a per-
centage of revenue back into
community projects.
Olomouc, Czech Republic
For the third (30%) of trav-
elers keen to explore less-
er-known cities next year that
aren’t yet on the radar,* the
historic city of Olomouc is a
fantastic alternative to the pop-
ular capital of Prague – and one
of Europe’s best kept secrets.
Located in the Haná region of
Moravia, the city dates back
to Roman times and has it all;
from exquisite architecture
to religious heritage and rich
gastronomy. Its beloved Olo-
moucké tvarůžky soft cheese is
a must-try, especially for those
38% of travelers who want to
indulge in food on vacation they
can’t normally access at home.*
The well-preserved old town
is a UNESCO World Heritage
site and the Holy Trinity Col-
umn, which rises nearly 115 feet
(35m) in height and punctuates
the main square, is one of the
baroque wonders of Central Eu-
rope. Travelers can enjoy views
of the column from the nearby
❱❱ PAGE 30 From Beachside Bliss
 30
Netflix Expands Natural..
❰❰ 19 tive Producers: James
Honeyborne Produc-
tion Companies: Free-
borne Media, Wild Space Pro-
ductions Format: 4 x 45 min
Our Water World \- Com-
ing 2025 Logline: From the
executive producer of Blue
Planet II , Our Water World ex-
plores the incredible freshwa-
ter systems that help our planet
thrive and, without which, life
Three reasons strong..
❰❰ 21 our head and carries
them through the
nerve cells to the brain
for processing.
When this pathway is stimu-
lated it causes inflammation be-
cause it detects a threat that only
the immune system can sort out.
This, too, can lead to a headache.
Chemical smells such as formal-
dehyde, certain cleaning prod-
ucts and cigarette smoke are all
known to act directly on the tri-
geminal pathway.
3. Odour intolerance
Osmophobia is defined as an
intolerance to odours. While
rare on its own, people who
suffer from chronic headaches
tend to also experience os-
mophobia.
Migraine sufferers are par-
ticularly prone to osmophobia.
Some research has even shown
that exposure to strong odours
From Beachside Bliss..
❰❰ 29 Town Hall Tower, as
well as the beautiful
neighboring country-
side of the Jeseniky Mountains.
Olomouc is a university city,
and visitors can soak up the
ambience in one of the many
bookshop cafes, or embrace the
energetic student-orientated
nightlife at the lively pubs and
microbreweries.
Where to stay: The Long Sto-
ry Short Hostel & Café ideally
located in the center of Olo-
mouc offers a petanque court
and BBQ, as well as live mu-
sic events and movie nights
for guests to mingle. Set in an
18th-century fort, this trendy
hostel is home to a hip cafe
and terrace bar where guests
can enjoy a warming coffee or
something stronger before ven-
turing out. Nearby must-visit
sites include Olomouc Castle,
the Museum of Art and the
Saint Wenceslas Cathedral.
could not exist. From Earth’s icy
realms, to its rushing rivers and
epic waterfalls, to magical cloud
forests, this is the mysterious,
surprising and captivating sto-
ry of our planet’s extraordinary
freshwater worlds. Series Pro-
ducer: Jackie Garbutt Executive
Producers: James Honeyborne
Production Companies: Free-
borne Media, Wild Space Pro-
ductions Format: 5 x 60 mins ■
for two hours or more can ac-
tually trigger a migraine in
around 20% of migraine suffer-
ers. Cigarette smoke, perfumes,
car exhaust and cleaning prod-
ucts are some of the most com-
mon triggering scents.
The nervous system of some-
one who experiences migraine
can be particularly sensitive to
certain sensory stimuli in their
daily life. But during the pro-
drome phase (the first of four
distinct migraine phases, which
may happen a couple of days
to hours before the headache
attack) they may become even
more sensitive to certain stim-
uli – including smells.
Many migraine sufferers ex-
perience certain signs that a mi-
graine is coming during the po-
drome phase – such a yawning
more and craving certain foods.
Smells that wouldn’t ordinarily
Hobart, Australia
There are few destinations
where travelers can climb a
mountain, head to the beach
and visit a world-class art gal-
lery all in one day, but Hobart is
one of them. The capital of Tas-
mania is the southernmost cap-
ital in Australia, meaning the
weather is unbelievably good
all year round. Framed by the
incredible Mount Wellington
with the River Derwent flow-
ing through, adventure seekers
can explore the region via kay-
ak, abseiling or even surfing.
For those seeking a birds-eye
view, sign up for a Learn-to-fly
Experience under the guidance
of a qualified instructor. With
over a third (33%) of travelers
reporting the main objective
of traveling in 2023 is to enjoy
new experiences and places,*
flying a plane over Hobart could
tick all the boxes. Visitors want-
ing to stay closer to the ground
‘US midterm elections..
❰❰ 14 successfully run for
president,” he added.
That leaves Biden in
the driver’s seat for his re-elec-
tion bid in 2024 regardless of the
outcome of the Nov. 8 midterms.
“I don’t think the results of the
midterm will have any influence
on Biden’s decision to run for re-
election. He is determined to run
again and will do so if his health
holds up,” said Lichtman, which
bother you may also upset you
intensely. You may also per-
ceive smells that aren’t there –
known as phantom smells. The
most common phantom smell
many report before a migraine
is a burning smell. So while
smell isn’t the migraine trigger
in this instance, it may be a sign
of an oncoming headache.
Science has yet to find an ef-
fective way to get around this.
So, if you’re someone that tends
to get headaches from certain
scents (no matter the reason)
perhaps it’s best to avoid them
as much as you can. But since
we can’t always avoid triggers,
fresh air and painkillers may
be the best way to manage any
headaches that do occur. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
can enjoy world-renowned
artwork at the Museum of Old
and New Art (MONA), which
placed this little port city on the
global cultural map. With its
ferries, fishing boats and float-
ing pier, the natural charm of
Hobart is undeniable. Join the
community spirit at the week-
end Salamanca Market which
sells homegrown produce from
whisky to jams, or head to the
Taste of Tasmania festival held
each year in town.
Where to stay: Maylands
Lodge is an old landmark prop-
erty that doubles up as an urban
luxury hotel. Located on the
fringes of the city, the stay is just
a short drive from the center and
the waterfront. A fusion of mod-
ern and historic style, guests are
immersed in the local creative
scene with unique Tasmanian
artwork peppered throughout
the property. Each room fea-
tures a stunning mountain or
www.canadianinquirer.net
he explained is a positive step
for the Democratic Party. “It will
greatly enhance the Democrats’
prospects for holding on to the
presidency if Biden runs again.”
“According to my presiden-
tial prediction system, The Keys
to the White House, it takes six
negative keys to predict that the
party holding the White House
will lose the presidency,” Licht-
man said. “If Biden doesn’t run,
Why putting your..
❰❰ 21 for others to resume
their music. Those
who completely aban-
doned music for some time – in
Jack’s case 40 years, for exam-
ple – certainly struggled more
to get back into it. Yet even
those in Jack’s position instinc-
tively knew music was not com-
pletely lost to them:
You think of passions as some-
thing red hot and steaming, but
they’re not always. Sometimes
they simmer and they’re always
there, always at the back. There’s
this sort of beat.
Picking up their calling to
music in retirement gave struc-
ture and purpose to people’s
lives and meant retirement was
not just about “gardening”, but
about personal growth and ful-
filment. It meant that life con-
tinued to have a sense of pur-
pose and meaning.
garden view and many offer a
huge luxurious bath for guests
to sink into and unwind.■
*Travel Predictions 2023 re-
search commissioned by Book-
ing.com and conducted among
a sample of adults who plan to
travel for business or leisure in
the next 12-24 months. In total
24,179 respondents across 32
countries and territories were
polled (including 1014 from Ar-
gentina, 1006 from Australia,
505 from Austria, 504 from
Belgium, 1009 from Brazil, 503
from Canada, 1009 from China,
1010 from Colombia, 505 from
Croatia, 505 from Denmark,
1010 from France, 1001 from
Germany, 500 from Hong Kong,
1005 from India, 504 from Ire-
land, 504 from Israel, 1008
from Italy, 1003 from Japan,
504 from Mexico, 502 from The
Netherlands, 1007 from New
Zealand, 1009 from Portugal,
NOVEMBER 4, 2022 FRIDAY
the Democrats will lose two
keys that they would otherwise
hold: Incumbency, and an in-
ternal party fight for the presi-
dential nomination.”
Lichtman is known for his
presidential prediction system,
predicting Trump to win in
2016 and Biden in 2020.
As to where Lichtman stands
on the 2024 presidential elec-
tion: “Too early,” he said. ■
Our participants were lucky
because they all enjoyed good
physical and mental health and
the financial resources to af-
ford to spend time on music. Of
course, not everyone is in this
position.
But for many who missed
the boat first time around and
didn’t follow their calling, the
message is that it can still hap-
pen in a different way. As Gor-
don, a trombone player in his
youth who became a senior IT
executive and now chairs his lo-
cal choral society, said:
People say, ‘keep your passion
as your hobby but not your ca-
reer because it will be more sat-
isfying’. I think in retrospect that
was probably sound advice. ■
This article is republished
from The Conversation under a
Creative Commons license.
507 from Singapore, 1008 from
South Korea, 1001 from Spain,
505 from Sweden, 508 from
Switzerland, 500 from Taiwan,
504 from Thailand, 1006 from
the UK, 1009 from the US and
504 from Vietnam). Respon-
dents completed an online sur-
vey in August 2022.
**Destinations had to be in the
top 1,000 most booked on Booking.
com between 1 August 2021 and 31
July 2022. The resulting list was
sorted by year-over-year increase
and destinations with a large de-
crease in the share of domestic
bookings were removed. This was
to ensure that the list represents
destinations that have managed
to maintain domestic interest (as
well as international), even in the
face of loosening COVID-related
travel restrictions.
***Based on locals and trav-
elers input from Booking.com’s
Travel Communities who have
visited the destination in the past.
 NOVEMBER 4, 2020
JULY 17, 2022 cx328
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