Exercise 6E

1 a b Using the line of symmetry through A:

y
cos 48  2
14.6
So y  29.2 cos 48
 19.5 cm  3 s.f.

sin C sin A
Using 
c a
sin x sin 56

4.2 5.7
4.2sin 56
sin x 
5.7
 4.2sin 56 
x  sin 1  x  180  120  30 

 5.7   30
 37.65... Using the line of symmetry through C:
x  37.7  3 s.f. cos 30 
10
y
So y  180   56  37.7 
10
 86.3 So y 
cos 30
y  86.3  3 s.f.
 11.5 cm  3 s.f.
b a
Using 
sin B sin A Since ∆ABC is isosceles with AC = CB,
z

5.7 z  11.5 cm  3 s.f.
sin y sin 56
5.7 sin y d
So z 
sin 56
 6.86  3 s.f.

b x = 180° – (48 + 84)°

x = 48°

sin A sin B
Using 
a b
sin130 sin x

12.8 6
6sin130
So sin x 
12.8
 0.359 08
 x  21.0  3 s.f.
So y  180  130  x 
As angle B = angle C, z = 14.6 cm.
 28.956...

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
1 d  y  29.0  3 s.f. f
c a
Using 
sin C sin A
z 12.8

sin y sin130
12.8sin y
So z 
sin130
 8.09 cm  3 s.f.

e Using the line of symmetry through B:

cos y  86
 3
4

y  cos 1  34 
 41.40...
y  41.4  3 s.f.
As the triangle is isosceles:

zy

a 2  b2  c2  41.4  3 s.f.
Using cos C 
2ab So x  180   y  z  
3  52  6 2
2
 97.2
cos x 
2  3 5 x  97.2  3 s.f.
.
 0.0 6
g
x  93.8  3 s.f.
sin B sin C
Using 
b c
sin y sin x

5 6
5sin x
sin y 
6
 5sin x 
y  sin 1  
 6  sin A sin C
Using 
 56.25... a c
y  56.3  3 s.f. sin x sin 40

10.5 9.5
Using the angle sum for a triangle: 10.5sin 40
sin x 
z  180   x  y   9.5
 29.926...  10.5sin 40 
x  sin 1   or
z  29.9  3 s.f.  9.5 
 10.5sin 40 
x  180  sin 1  
 9.5 
x  45.27 or x  134.728...
x  45.3  3 s.f. or x  135  3 s.f.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
 b c h y  73.68 
1 g Using 
sin B sin C y  73.7  3 s.f.
z 9.5 Then

sin y sin 40 z  180   45  73.68 
9.5sin y  61.32 ...
z
sin 40
z  61.3  3 s.f.
When x = 45.3°
y  180   40  45.3  So x  7.07 cm, y  73.7, z  61.3

 94.7 i
So y  94.7  3 s.f.
9.5sin y
z
sin 40
 14.7 cm  3 s.f.
When x = 134.728…°
y  180   40  134.72 
 5.27
So y  5.27  3 s.f.
9.5sin y a 2  c2  b2
z Using cos B 
sin 40 2ac
20.4  12.32  15.62 1
2
 1.36 cm  3 s.f. cos x 
2  20.4 12.3 2
So x  45.3, y  94.7, z  14.7 cm
 0.6458
or x  135, y  5.27, z  1.36 cm
x  49.77...
h x  49.8  3 s.f.

In right-angled triangle ABD:

y
sin x 
12.3
So y  12.3sin x
 9.39 cm  3 s.f.

In right-angled triangle ACD:

Using a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
y
x 2  4.82  9.62  2  4.8  9.6  cos 45 sin z 
15.6
 50.03  0.601 99
x  7.07 cm  3 s.f. z  37.01...

Using
sin C sin A
 z  37.0  3 s.f.
c a So x  49.8, y  9.39 cm, z  37.0
sin y sin 45

9.6 x
9.6sin 45
sin y 
x
 9.6sin 45 
y  sin 1  
 x 

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3
2 a 6.8sin110
2 b sin A 
AB
 0.662 45
A  41.49
 41.5  3 s.f.
So B  180  110  A  

Using
sin C sin A
  28.5  3 s.f.
c a Area  12 ac sin B
sin C sin 40
  12  6.8  4.9  sin110
8.5 10.2
8.5sin 40  15.655
sin C 
10.2  15.7 cm 2 (3 s.f.)
 8.5sin 40 
C  sin 1   3
 10.2 
 32.388...
 32.4  3 s.f.
B  180   40  C  
 107.6...
B  108  3 s.f.
b a
Using 
sin B sin A
10.2sin B a Angle ABC = 180° – 120°
b = 60°
sin 40 As A  C , all angles are 60°.
 15.1 cm  3 s.f. It is an equilateral triangle.
Area  12 ac sin B So AC = 8 km.
 12 10.2  8.5  sin108
b As BAC  60,
 41.228
the bearing of C from A is 060°.
 41.2 cm 2 (3 s.f.)
4
b

Using c2  a2  b2  2ab cos C

AB 2  6.82  4.92  2  6.8  4.9  cos110
 93.04
AB  9.6458
From the diagram
 9.65 cm  3 s.f. ABC  180   20  30  
sin A sin C  130
Using 
a c

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4
 b c 6 a
4 Using 
sin B sin C
AC 70

sin130 sin 30
70sin130
AC 
sin 30
 107.246
AC  107 km  3 s.f. In the isosceles ∆BDC:
From the diagram, the bearing of C from A BDC  180   50  50  
is 180˚.
 80
So BDA  180  80
5
 100

Using the sine rule in ∆ABD

sin A sin D

a d
sin A sin100
 
5 8
5sin100
 sin A 
8
 5sin100 
So A  sin 1  
 8 
Using the sine rule
 37.9886
sin C sin A
 ABD  180  100  A 
c a
sin C sin 30  42.01...
 b d
16 10 Using 
16sin 30 sin B sin D
sin C  x 8
10 
 0.8 sin B sin100
8sin B
C  sin 1  0.8  or C  180  sin 1  0.8  x
sin100
C  53.1 or C  126.9  5.436
AC2 B  53.1, AC1B  127  3 s.f. x  5.44 cm  3 s.f.
(Store the correct values; these are not
required answers.) b
Triangle BC1C2 is isosceles, so C1C2 can be
found using this triangle, without finding
AC1 and AC2.
Use the line of symmetry through B:
1
CC
cos C1C2 B  2 1 2
10
 C1C2  20 cos C1C2 B
 20 cos AC2 B
 20 cos 53.1
 C1C2  12 km c2  d 2  a2
In ∆ADC, using cos A 
2cd
© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5
 62  10 2  7 2 7
6 b cos A 
2  6 10
 0.725
So A  43.53...
Using the sine rule in ∆ABC:
a b

sin A sin B a As AB  BC  AC
So
x

10 4   x  2  7
sin A sin 60  x23
10sin A
x  x 1
sin 60
As AB  AC  BC
So x  7.95 cm  3 s.f.
47  x2
c 9 x
So 1  x  9

b Using b2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos B

i 72   x  2  42  2  x  2  4  cos 60
2

49  x 2  4 x  4  16  4  x  2 
49  x 2  4 x  4  16  4 x  8
So x 2  37
In ∆ABC, c = 11 cm, b = 3.8 cm,  x  6.08 cm  3 s.f.
ACB  130, (180° − 50°)
Area  12 ac sin B
sin B sin C
Using   12  8.08  4  sin 60
b c
3.8sin130  13.9949
sin B 
11  14.0 cm 2 (3 s.f.)
 0.2646
B  15.345... ii 72 = (x + 2)2 + 42
– 2 × (x + 2) × 4 × cos45°
So A  180  130  B  
49  x 2  4 x  4  16
 34.654...
 8cos 45  x  16cos 45
In ADC, c  2.4 cm, d  3.8 cm, So:
A  34.654... x 2   4  8cos 45  x
Using the cosine rule:   29  16 cos 45   0
a 2  c2  d 2  2cd cos A
So DC 2  2.42  3.82  2  2.4  3.8  cos A

or x 2  4 1  2 x 
 5.1959 
 29  8 2  0 
 DC  2.279 cm
Using the sine rule: Use the quadratic formula
sin C sin A b  b2  4ac
 x with a  1
c a 2a
2.4sin A b  4  8cos 45
sin x 
DC
 0.598 69 
 4 1 2 
x  36.8 (3 s.f.)  1.6568
© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 6
7 b ii c    29  16cos 45  9 Using
sin C sin A


  29  8 2  c a
2 sin 60
 40.313 sin C 
3
x  7.23 cm  3 s.f.  0.7071
(The other value of x is less than –2.)
 2 sin 60 
Area  12 ac sin B C  sin 1  
 3 
 12  4  9.23  sin 45
 45
 13.05
B  180   60  45 
 13.1 cm 2 (3 s.f.)
 75
b a
8 a Using 
sin B sin A
AC 3

sin 75 sin 60
3 sin 75
So AC 
sin 60
 1.93 cm  3 s.f.
Using b2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos B where
cos B  85 10

( x  1) 2  62  22  2  6  2  85
x 2  2 x  1  36  4  15
x 2  2 x  24  0
( x  6)( x  4)  0
So x  4( x  1) a Using the cosine rule:
b2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos B
b Use identity, cos2 x  sin 2 x  1. AC 2   x  1   2  x 
2 2

cos B  85
 2  x  1 2  x  cos120
So sin ABC  39
8
  x 2  2 x  1   4  4 x  x 2 
Area  ac sin B
1
2
  x  1 2  x 
 12  6  2  39
8
 x2  2 x  1  4  4 x  x2
 4.68 cm 2 (3 s.f.)
 x2  2x  x  2
9  x2  x  7

b Completing the square:

x 2  x  7   x  12   7  14
2

  x  12   6 43
2

This is a minimum when x  12  0  x  12 .

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 7
11 13 a

b a
Using 
sin B sin A a 2  b2  c2
cos C 
AC 5 2 2ab
 12  152  142
2
sin 30 sin  
5 2 sin 30 2(12)(15)
AC 
 
8
5

144  225  196
360
5 2 sin 30  8 C  61.278...  61.3 (3 s.f.)
AC 
5
  
5 2  8sin 30  b Use the formula.
Area  12 ab sin C
 4 10 cm  12 12 15  sin 61.3
 78.943
12
 78.9 cm 2 (3 s.f.)

b2  c2  a 2
14 a cos A 
2bc
2.1  4.22  5.92
2
cos A 
2(2.1)(4.2)
Using the cosine rule: 4.41  17.64  34.81
cos A 
a2  b2  c2  2bc cos A 17.64
A = 136.33…°
with a  x, b  8  x  , c  7 and A  60
 Angle DAB = 136.3° (1 d.p.)
x 2   8  x   49  2  8  x   7  cos 60
2

 64  16 x  x 2  49  7  8  x  a 2  b2  c2
cos C 
2ab
 64  16 x  x 2  49  56  7 x
3.5  7.52  5.9 2
2

 9 x  57 
2(3.5)(7.5)
 x  579  193  6 13 12.25  56.25  34.81
So BC  6 13 cm and 
52.5
AC  8  6 13  cm C = 50.080…°
 Angle BCD = 50.1°
 1 23 cm
Area  12 bc sin A b Area ABD  12 bc sin A
 12  7   sin 60
5
3 = 12 × 2.1 × 4.2 × sin 136.3°
 5.0518 = 3.046 79...
 5.05 cm 2 (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 8
14 b Area BCD = 1
2 ab sin C 15
= 12 × 3.5 × 7.5 × sin 50.1°
= 10.069 04...

Total area = 3.046 79 + 10.069 04

= 13.11583
 The area of the flower bed is 13.1 m2.

c First find angle ADB:

a 2  b2  d 2
cos D 
2ab Use the sine rule to work out angle CED.
5.9  2.12  4.22
2 sin E sin D
 
2(5.9)(2.1) e d
sin E sin 50
34.81  4.41  17.64 
 10 8
24.78 10sin 50
So D = 29.440 849…° sin E 
8
E = 73.246 86° or 106.753 14°
Now find angle BDC:
b2  c2  d 2 The angle is obtuse so
cos D 
2bc Angle CED = 106.753 14°
3.5  5.9 2  7.52
2
Angle ECD = 180° − 50° − 106.753 14°
  = 23.25°
2(3.5)(5.9)
12.25  34.81  56.25
 Use trigonometry to work out the height of
41.3 triangle CDE.
3.5  5.92  7.52
2
height
cos D  sin 23.25° =
2(3.5)(5.9) 8
12.25  34.81  56.25 Height = 3.1575 cm
cos D 
41.3
So D = 102.856 97…° The height of triangle ABE = 10 − 3.1575
Angle ADC = 29.440849 + 102.85697 = 6.84 cm
= 132.298°
Area of triangle = 12 × 10 × 6.84 = 34.2
Now find the length AC:  Area of the shaded triangle is 34.2 cm2.
d 2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos D
 3.52  2.12  2  3.5  2.1 cos132.298
 12.25  4.41  9.8929
So d  5.15
The length of AC is 5.15 m.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 9