BSQ3143 Building Services II

Briefing:
 3 credit hours
 Synopsis
 Course Learning Outcomes
 Chapters
 Assessment strategy
 Important reminders
 Reference
 Google Classroom
BSQ3143 Building Services II

Greeno, R. & Hall, F. (2017). Building

Services Handbook, 9th Ed. USA &
Canada: Routledge.
Chapter 1: Electricity Supply System

The topics:
 Generation, transmission & distribution systems
 Substation
 Transformer
 Ring final circuit
 Radial circut
1.0 Generation, transmission & distribution
1.1 Electricity sector in Malaysia ranges from
energy resources, electricity generation,
electricity transmission, and electricity
distribution.
1.2 The flow of electricity is as follows:
1.3 After the electricity is generated at a power
plant, it goes by wire to a transformer that
“steps-up” the voltage.
1.4 The electricity is then sent to large towns and
cities on a nationwide network of overhead
transmission lines made of aluminum.
1.5 It is transformed to an 11kV underground supply
to sub-stations.
1.6 The step-down transformers located at
substations along the lines reduce the voltage.
1.7 From these substation, electricity is then carried
over distribution lines that bring electricity to end
users at single or three phase supply.
 Petanak 33/11kV Substation

Kemena – Selangau
275kV Transmission Line

Step-down Substation Petanak Substation – Control room

2.0 Private Substation

2.1 A sub-station converts,

transforms and control the
electrical power.
2.2 It is used where large buildings
or complexes require greater
power than the standard low or
medium potential voltage.
2.3 It must be constructed on the
customer’s premises.
2.4 It is supplied by high voltage
cables from the electricity
authority’s nearest switching
station.
2.5 The requirements for a sub-
station depend upon the
number and size of
transformers and switchgear.
3.0 Transformer
3.1 A transformer is basically two electric windings,
magnetically interlinked by an iron core.
3.2 An alternating electromotive force applied to one of
the windings produces an electromagnetic induction
corresponding to an electromotive force in the other
winding.
3.3 If the number of turns in the secondary coild is
reduced, the voltage is reduced and the current
increase and vice-versa.
4.0 Types of electrical
circuit
4.1 A ring final circuit
is used for single-
phase power supply
to three-pin sockets.
4.2 It consists of PVC
sheathed cable
containing line and
neutral conductors in
PVC insulation and
an exposed circuit
protective conductor
to earth looped into
each socket outlet.
4.0 Types of electrical
circuit
4.3 In a domestic
building a ring final
circuit may serve an
unlimited number of
sockets up to a
maximum floor area
of 100 m2 .
4.4 A separate circuit is
also provided solely
for the kitchen, as
this contains
relatively high rated
appliances.
Important Note:
Fixed appliances such as
fires, heating controls and
low powered water heaters
can be connected to a fused
spur from a ring socket.

Appliances with a load

factor above 3 kW, e.g.
immersion heater, cooker
must not be connected to
any part of a ring final
circuit.

These are supplied from a

separate radial circuit from
the consumer unit.
4.0 Types of electrical circuit
4.5 A radial circuit is a type of fixed wiring that feeds one piece
of suitable cable from one socket to another.
4.6 It continues in this fashion until it reaches the last point on
the circuit and does not return back to the consumer unit .
4.7 This type of linear electrical circuit is commonly used to
wire household equipment such as cookers and boilers,
lighting points and sockets.
Tutorial
Identify the differences between ring
and radial circuit.

Reference Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GNb1SSEjQg