THE

IMPORTANCE
OF VALUES.
Administration - a good
management, if it is manage well, it
stands a better chance of success.

Philosophy - "know thy self".

Let's investigate further
the significance of
values ...
Do you think some phase of administration, or
some activity in the program, or some method of
instruction, or some technique is desirable
because:

1. It satisfies the individual?

2. It is developmental to the person.?

3. It calls for interaction between the individual and

the environment?

4.It is based on the greatest good for the greatest

number?

5. It is in and of itself desirable?

6. It is good for society?

7. It contributes to some divine plan?

 Obviously, no major purpose, no

program of activities, and no
method of instruction, can serve all
of these results.
Thus, you must choose, and your
choices will be influenced by your
system of values.
 A person’s values shape life by
influencing one’s thoughts and
actions in both personal and
professional relationships.
It is, therefore, important for
teachers, administrators, and others
who influence educational
programs to make value-based
decisions in educational settings.
Values influence
such things as:
1. one’s objectives in education,
2. the selection of learning experiences and how they are
arranged,
3. the relative emphasis on different subject matter,
4. the provision of facilities and other resources in support of
the various areas of organization and procedures,
5. and teaching methods,
6. the administrative organization and procedures, and
7. the standards by which employees are to conduct
themselves .
 Values may be expressed:

1. intrinsic or extrinsic.
2. subjective or as objective
3. individual or social,
4. absolute or relative.
 Intrinsic
You are motivated to do the activity
because it is internally rewarding. You
choose to do it because it's fun, enjoyable,
and satisfying. Your goal comes from
within, and the outcomes of your goal
satisfy your basic psychological needs for
autonomy, competence and relatedness.
 Extrinsic
You are motivated to do the activity in order
to gain an external reward in return. Your goal
is focused on an outcome, and does not satisfy
your basic psychological needs. Rather, it
involves external gains, such as money, fame,
power, and avoiding consequences.
Subjective
A person emphasizing subjective values
would be relatively non-materialistic. Be would hold
that truly valuable things exist in the mind in the
form of knowledge, attitudes, appreciations, and
ideals. He would contend that significance, worth,
and beauty exist in the mind rather than in the
object.
Objective
objective values are those which exist in the material
world, whether or not they are observed. Such values
do not pend on the imagination, hopes, or aspirations of
the individual. They exist independently and need only
to be discovered. Objective the thing itself and not in
one's mental perception. The emphasize that beauty
and worth are inherent in the object or the thing itself
and not in one's mental perception.
Individual
values that reflect how we live our life
and what we consider important for our
own self-interests. Individual values
include enthusiasm, creativity, humility
and personal fulfillment.
Social
values reflect how we relate to society.
Social values include justice, freedom,
respect, community, and
responsibility
Absolute
- Values that are absolute are universal and unchanging.

- The advocates of absolute values believe that they have

always existed and will continue to exist indefinitely.

- Absolute values are not related to time nor circumstance.

- These values are often related to a supreme being or deity,

and they include such things as truth, virtue, love, and
goodness. Other people relate absolute values to the natural
order, emphasizing that the laws of nature are consistent,
predictable, and everlasting; therefore they are universal and
absolute
Relative
values fluctuate with
circumstances and time. One who
takes the position that all values
are relative would emphasize that
the world is in a constant state of
physical and social change, and
therefore, values must remains
adjustable.
CHAPTER

Leadership styles
and methods
Leadership
- It is influencing the actions of individuals and
organizations. The key word is “influence”. A person may
be well liked and admired, but if he does not influence
results, he is ineffective.
Leadership
- one who directs others, a person who goes before to
guide or to show the way. One who conducts, one who has
authority to preside.
 Some of the definitions of leadership found in
the literature that emphasize influence include
the following:

1. Leadership is the process

of influencing the activities of an
organized group in efforts toward goal setting and goal
achievement.

2. Leadership is getting people to do what then leader wants

them to do because he has influenced or inspired them.

3. Leadership is an influence process, the dynamics of which

are a function of the personal characteristics of the leader and
followers and of the nature of the specific situation.

 Effective leader

- instead of being" the boss," is a resource to the

organization, an expert in communication, and a
catalyst to his fellow workers.

- His functions include facilitating, as well as

directing, and maintaining a healthy flow of
communication up, down, and across the
organization, instead of merely issuing order.
Types of Leadership

Direct

Indirect
 DIRECT

Direct leadership involves

immediate contact between the
leader and those being led.
 INDIRECT

Indirect leadership is
when the leader purposely
influences people without
having contact with them.
THANK YOU ☺️