BI

OCHEM I
I

Tr
icar
boxy
li
cAci
dCy
cle

1.Thestart
ingmolecul
eint
heTCAcy
cleshas_
___car
bonsandt
heendi
ngmol
ecul
e
has____carbons.
a)6;6
b)5;5
c)4;4
d)6;4
e)4;6

2.Whatcompoundfol
l
owsaf
teri
soci
tr
atei
ntheTCAcy
cle?
a)Cit
rat
e
b)-ket
ogl
utar
ate
c)Succi
nyl
-CoA
d)Succi
nat
e
e)Fumerat
e

3.Whatcompoundf ol
l
owsaf
terGDPi
sconv
ert
edt
oGTPi
ntheTCAcy
cle?
a)Cit
rate
b)-ketogl
utarat
e
c)Succinyl
-CoA
d)Succinate
e)Oxaloacetat
e

4.Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngdescr
ibest
hepr
oduct
soft
heTCAcy
cle?
a)2CO2+4NADH+FADH2+GTP
b)3CO2+4NADH+FADH2+2GTP
c)2CO2+2NADH+FADH2+GTP
d)CO2+3NADH+FADH2+GTP
e)2CO2+3NADH+FADH2+GTP

5.Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngcoenzy
mesi
suni
quet
o-
ket
oaci
ddehy
drogenase
complexes?
a)NAD+
b)FAD
c)GDP
d)H2O
e)Li
poicacid

6.Apat i
entdi
agnosedwiththi
ami
nedefici
encyexhi
bit
edfati
gueandmusclecramps.
Themuscl ecr
ampshav ebeenrel
atedt
oanaccumul at
ionofmetabol
icaci
ds.Whichof
thefoll
owingmetabol
icacidsi
smostli
kelytoaccumul
ateinathi
aminedefi
ciency
?
a)Isoci
tri
caci
d
b)Pyruvicaci
d
c)Succini
cacid
d)Malicacid
e)Oxaloaceti
caci
d

7.Succinatedehy drogenasediff
ersfr
om al
lotherenzymesintheTCAcy
clei
nthati
tis
theonlyenzy met hatdisplayswhi
chofthefol
lowingcharact
eri
sti
cs?
a)Itisembeddedi nthei nnermit
ochondri
almembr ane
b)Itisi
nhibitedbyNADH
c)ItcontainsboundFAD
d)ItcontainsFe-Scent ers
e)Iti
sr egulatedbyaki nase

8.CoenzymeAi ssy
nthesi
zedf
rom whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngv
itami
ns?
a)Niacin
b)Ribofl
avin
c)Pantothenat
e
d)VitaminA
e)VitaminC

9.Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTacoenzy
mer
equi
redf
orTCAcy
cleenzy
mes?
a)Li
poicacid
b)Ri
boflavi
n
c)CoA,FAD,NAD+
d)Niaci
n
e)Cobalamin

10.HowmanyATPequi v
alent
s(hi
ghener
gyphosphat
ebonds)ar
epr
oducedi
ntheTCA
cycl
eperconsumpt
ionofoneacet
ylCoAmol
ecule?
a)3
b)4
c)5
d)8
e)10

11.Regulat
ionofmet abol
icpat
hwaysgenerall
yoccursatr
ate-
li
miti
ngsteps.Bot
h
i
socit
ratedehydrogenaseand-ket
ogl
utaratedehydr
ogenaseresponddi
rectl
yto
changesintherelat
ivelev
elsof
:
a)ATP
b)ADP
c)GTP
d)GDP
e)AcetylCoA

12.I
ncont
ract
inghear
tmuscl
e,whatact
ivat
esi
soci
tr
atedehy
drogenaseand-
ketogl
utar
atedehy
drogenase?
a)Na+
b)Cl
c)K+
d)Ca++
e)Mg++

13.Achi l
dbor nwithpyruv
atedehydrogenasecompl
ex(
PDC)def
ici
encywoul
dli
kel
y
presentwithwhatt ypeofsever
ebirt
hcompl i
cati
on?
a)Inabi
lit
ytousegl ucose
b)Ketoacidosis
c)Lacticacidosis
d)Lackofox al
oacetate
e)Inabi
lit
ytouset heelect
rontr
ansportchain

14.PDCcanberapi
dlyact
ivat
edt
houghmechani
smsi
nvol
vi
ngwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)AcetylCoA
b)NADH
c)ADP
d)Py r
uvate
e)Insuli
n

15.Whichoft hef oll

owingisNOTasour
ceofacet
ylCoAf
ort
heTCAcy
cle?
a)Decar boxylat
ionofoxal oacetat
e
b)Degradat i
onofket onebodi es
c)-
oxidationoffattyacids
d)Acetatef r
om thedi et
e)Leucineandi soleucineoxidat
ion

Phosphor
ylat
ionandMi
tochondr
ial
Funct
ion

1.Whati
sthef
inal
accept
ori
ntheel
ect
ront
ranspor
tchai
n?
a)NADH
b)FADH+
c)FADH2
d)NAD+
e)O2

2.Whati
sthenetener
gyyiel
dofoxi
dat
ivephosphor
ylat
ion,
inATPequi
val
ent
s,per
eachmol
eofFADH2oxi di
zed?
a)1.
5
b)2.
5
c)4
d)5
e)10
3.Whichoft hefoll
owingistheonl
ycompoundoft
heel
ect
ront
ranspor
tchai
nthati
s
NOTpr otei
nbound?
a)NADHdehy dr
ogenase
b)Succinatedehydrogenase
c)Coenzy meQ
d)Cytochromeb- c1complex
e)Cytochromecoxi dase

4.Whichoft hefoll
owingisassociat
edwithFe++r
educt
ion(
onl
y)asel
ect
ronsar
e
acceptedduringtheelect
rontranspor
tchain?
a)NADHdehy drogenase
b)Succinatedehydrogenase
c)CoenzymeQ
d)Cytochromeb- c1compl ex
e)Cytochromecoxi dase

5.Whichoft hefoll
owinginv ol
vesCu+ionsfaci
l
itat
ingthecol
l
ect
ionoff
ourel
ect
rons
andther educt
ionofO2i nt heelect
ront
ranspor
tchain?
a)NADHdehy drogenase
b)Succinatedehydrogenase
c)Coenzy meQ
d)Cytochromeb- c1compl ex
e)Cytochromecoxi dase

6.Whichoft hefoll
owinghav eFe-
Scent erstotransferel
ect
rons?
a)NADHdehy drogenaseandsucci natedehy dr
ogenase
b)Succinatedehydrogenaseandcoenzy meQ
c)CoenzymeQandcy tochromeb-c1compl ex
d)Cytochromeb- c1compl exandcytochromecoxi dase
e)Cytochromecoxi daseandNADHdehy drogenase

7.Cyanidepoisoninginhi
bit
scyt
ochr
omeoxi
dat
ionatwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngl
ocat
ions
i
ntheel ectr
ont r
ansportchai
n?
a)Compl exI
b)Compl exIII
c)Compl exIV
d)Coenzy meQ
e)CytochromeC

8.Whi
choft hefol
lowingwouldbeexpect edforapat i
entwithanOXPHOSdi
sease?
a)Ahi
ghATP: ADPr at
iointhemi t
ochondr i
a
b)AhighNADH: NAD+r ati
ointhemi tochondri
a
c)Adelet
ionoftheXchr omosome
d)Ahighacti
vit
yofcompl exIIoftheelecti
ontransportchai
n
e)Adefecti
ntheintegri
tyoftheinnermi t
ochondrial
membr ane
9.Dinit
rophenolactsasanuncoupl erofoxidat
ivephosphoryl
ati
onbywhi choft
he
fol
lowingmechani sms?
a)Act i
vati
ngtheH+ATPase
b)Act i
vati
ngcoenzy meQ
c)Blockingprot
ont ranspor
tacrosstheinnermitochondri
almembr ane
d)Allowingforprotonexchangeacr osstheinnermitochondri
almembr ane
e)Thepr otonmotivef or
cewil
lbedecr easedtoav al
uelessthanzero

10.A25- year -
oldf emalepr esentswi thchronicfatigue.Aser i
esofbl oodt estsare
ordered, andt her esultssuggestt hatherr edbloodcel l countislowbecauseofi ron
deficiencyanemi a.Suchadef i
ciencywoul dleadt of ati
guebecauseofwhi chofthe
foll
owi ng?
a)Herdecr easei nFe- Scent er
si simpairingthet ransferofel ectronsi nt he
electront ranspor tchain
b)Shei snotpr oduci ngasmuchH2Oi ntheelectront ransportchai n,leadingt o
dehy drati
on, whi chhasr esultedinf ati
gue
c)Ironf ormsachel atewithNADHandFADH2t hati snecessar yfort hem t o
donat ethei relectr onstot heelectront r
ansportchai n
d)Ironact sasacof actorf or!-
ketoglutar
at eDHi nt heTCAcy cle,ar eaction
requiredf orthef lowofel ectronst hrought heel
ect ront r
anspor tchai n
e)Ironaccompani est hepr otonst hatarepumpedf rom themi tochondr ialmat ri
xt o
thecy tosolicsi deoft heinnermi tochondrialmembr ane.Wi thoutiron, thepr oton
gradientcannotbemai ntainedtopr oduceadequat eATP.

11.Whatt
ypesofDNAorRNAar
eat
tackedbyOX/
PHOSdi
sease?
a)mRNAandt RNA
b)mRNAandr RNA
c)mtDNAandmRNA
d)nDNAandmt DNA
e)nDNAandtRNA

12.AsATPi susedi nthebodyf orenergyandADPl evel

sincrease,protoni nfl
ux
throught heATPsy nt haseincreasestocreatemor eATP.Thi salsocausest he
electr
ochemi calgr adientto_ _
_ _
.But,thi
shappenssi multaneously/coupledwi ththe
restorati
onoft het ransmembr aneelectr
ochemicalgradientbyincreasingpr oton
pumpi ngandel ect ronf l
owt hr
ought heelect
rontransportchain.Ther esultis____O2
consumpt i
on.
a)Change; Nochangei n
b)Increase; I
ncr eased
c)Decr ease; Decr eased
d)Increase; Decr eased
e)Decr ease; Increased
13.Br
ownf atthermogenesiswor
kst
hrough_
___andi
sfor_
___t
her
mogenesi
s.
a)Uncoupli
ng;Shiveri
ng
b)Coupli
ng;Shiver
ing
c)Uncoupli
ng;Non- shi
ver
ing
d)Coupli
ng;Non-shiver
ing

14.Theinnermitochondri
almembr aneformsat ightper
meabili
tybarri
ert
oallpol
ar
molecul
es,incl
udingATP, ADP,Pi,ani
onssuchaspy r
uvate,
andcationssuchasCa++,
H+,andK+.ATP- ADPt r
anslocasehelpstr
ansport:
a)ATPandADPoutoft hemitochondri
a
b)ATPandADPi ntothemi t
ochondria
c)ATPoutoft hemi t
ochondr i
aandADPi nt
ot hemi t
ochondri
a
d)ADPoutoft hemi t
ochondriaandATPi ntothemi t
ochondri
a

15.Ifacel li
sischemic,t
hereisnoO2f ortheelectr
ontransportchain.ATPruns
backwar dstoADP, maki
ngadeni ne,andopeningthemi tochondri
alpermeabil
it
y
tr
ansiti
onpor es(MPTPs) .Whataf fectwouldt
hi shaveont hecell
?
a)Incr
easedATPuse
b)Decr easedADPuse
c)Decr easedoxy genconsumption
d)Increasedoxy genconsumption
e)Inabili
tytocreateanelectr
ongr adi
ent

Gener
ati
onofATPf
rom Gl
ucoseGl
ycol
ysi
s

1.Amajorroleofglycoly
sisiswhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)Tosynthesi
zeglucose
b)Togenerateenergy
c)ToproduceFADH2
d)Tosynthesi
zeglycogen
e)TouseATPt ogener ateheat

2.Start
ingwit
hglyceral
dehy
de3-
phosphat
eandsy
nthesi
zi
ngonemol
ecul
eof
pyruvat
e,thenety
ieldofATPandNADHwouldbewhichoft
hefol
l
owi
ng?
a)1ATP, 1NADH
b)1ATP, 2NADH
c)1ATP, 4NADH
d)2ATP, 1NADH
e)2ATP, 2NADH

3.Whi
chofthefol
l
owi
ngstatementscor
rectl
ydescr
ibesanaspectofgl
ycol
ysi
s?
a)ATPisf
ormedbyoxi
dat
ivephosphory
lat
ion
b)2ATPareusedint
hebeginni
ngofthepathway
c)Pyruv
atekinaseist
her at
e-l
i
mi t
ingenzy
me
d)Onepy r
uvateandthr
eeCO2ar efor
medf r
om t
heoxidat
ionofonegl
ucose
molecul
e
e)Thereacti
onstakeplaceinthematri
xofthemit
ochondri
a

4.HowmanymolesofATPar
egener
atedbyt
hecompl
eteaer
obi
coxi
dat
ionof1mol
e
ofglucoset
o6mol
esofCO2?
a)2-4
b)10-12
c)18-22
d)30-32
e)60-64

5.HowmanynetATPsar
epr
oducedi
nanaer
obi
cgl
ycol
ysi
s?
a)1
b)2
c)4
d)8
e)12

6.Whichofthef oll
owingenzymesisNOTassociat
edwi
thATPuseorATPgai
n?
a)Hexoki
nase
b)Phosphofr
uct oki
nase-1
c)Gly
ceral
dehy de3- phosphat
edehydr
ogenase
d)Phosphoglyceratekinase
e)Pyr
uvatekinase

7.NADHi sproducedbet weenwhichstepsofglycol

ysi
s?
a)D-Glucoseandgl ucose6-phosphate
b)Fructose6-phosphateandf r
uctose1,6-
bisphosphat
e
c)Glyceraldehyde3-phosphateand1,3-bi
sphosphoglycer
ate
d)1,
3-bisphosphoglycerateand3-phosphogly
cerate
e)Phosphoenol -py
ruvat
eandpy ruvate

8.Whi choft hef oll

owingdescr i
besanaer obicfatesofpyruv
ateandNADHast heydi
ff
er
from aerobicglycol y
sis?
a)Py r
uv at
ei sreducedt olactatei
nt hecy tosol
,ther
ebyusingthereducing
equivalentsinNADH
b)Py r
uv at
eisr educedt olactateinthecy tosolandthereduci
ngequivalent
sof
NADHent ermi tochondr i
av i
aashut tl
esy stem
c)Pyruv at
eent er smitochondriaandi soxidizedtoCO2andH2O, t
herebyusing
thereducingequi val
entsinNADH
d)Py r
uv at
eent er smitochondr i
aandi soxidizedtoCO2andH2Oandt he
reducingequi v
al entsofNADHent ermi t
ochondr i
av i
aashuttlesy
stem
9.Theeyecontainscel lsthattransmi torf
ocuslightandthesecellscannot,
ther
efor
e,
befi
ll
edwi t
hopaquest ructures.Whatadapt ati
onisseent oall
owf ortheeyetouse
ATPandr et
ainfunct i
on?
a)Mit
ochondriaar emov edtot heedgesofcel l
s
b)Mit
ochondriaar ev er
yt hi
nal lowingfori
ncreasedli
ghttransmission
c)Mit
ochondriaareonl ypr esentatt hebackoftheey eandenergyr eachest
he
fr
ontoftheeyev i
asi mpl ediffusion
d)Aerobi
cglycol
y sisisthemai nprocessused
e)Anaerobi
cglycol ysisisthemai nprocessused

10.Whi chofthefol l
owingbestsummar i
zestheCoriCycle?
a)Gl
uconeogenesi sinkidney=>Gl ucose=>Muscleuse=>Lact ateproducti
on
=>Lactateconv ertedtogl ucosei
nkidney
b)Gluconeogenesi sinliver=>Glucose=>Muscl euse=>Lact ateproducti
on=>
Lact
at econvertedt oglucosei nl
iv
er
c)Gl
y colysi
sinliv
er=>Gl ucose=>Muscl euse=>Lactateproducti
on=>Lact ate
convertedtoglycogeni nliver
d)Glycolysi
sinliver=>Gl ycogen=>Muscl euse=>Lactateproducti
on=>Lact ate
convertedtoglucosei nli
v er
e)Gl
uconeogenesi sinli
ver=>Lactat e=>Muscleuse=>Gl ucoseproducti
on=>Gl ucose
convertedtoglycogeni nliver

11.Themaj orfuncti
onofphosphofr
uctoki
nase-
1(PFK-
1)andpy
ruv
atedehy
drogenase
(PDH)aret or espondtof
eedbackindicat
orsatt
herat
eof:
a)ADPut il
ization
b)ATPut il
i
zat ion
c)NADHut il
izati
on
d)Glycogenut i
li
zati
on
e)Lactateut i
li
zation

12.Whichoft hefol
lowingist
herat
eli
miti
ngenzy
meofgl
ycol
ysi
s?
a)Hexoki nase
b)Phosphof ructoki
nase-1
c)Gl
ycer aldehyde3-phosphat
edehydr
ogenase
d)Phosphogl ycerat
ekinase
e)Pyr
uv atekinase

13.PFK-
1isal
l
ost
eri
cal
l
yact
ivat
edby2,
6-bi
sphosphat
eandwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)ATP
b)ADP
c)AMP
d)NAD+
e)FADH2
14.Underischemicconditi
ons,AMPl evel
swithi
ntheheartrapidlyincreasebecauseof
thelackofATPpr oducti
onv i
aoxidat
ivephosphoryl
ati
on.Theincr easeinAMPl evel
s
acti
vatesanAMP- dependentprotei
nkinase,
whichphosphor y
latest hehearti
sozymeof
____toacti
vateit
skinaseactivi
tyandstar
tanaerobi
cglycol
ysis.
a)Hexokinase
b)PFK- 1
c)PFK- 2
d)2,6-bi
sphosphate
e)Py r
uvateki
nase

15.Iftheelectrontr
ansportchai
nisint
err
uptedsoATPcannotbepr oduced,gl
ycol
ysi
s
operatesanaer obi
cal
lytoproduceATP,andlact
atei
sformedeventuall
yleadi
ngto
l
acticacidosis.Whichofthefoll
owingwouldNOTleadtolact
icaci
dosis?
a)COpoi soning
b)Cy ani
depoi soni
ng
c)Ischemia
d)Anoxia
e)Adecr easedNADH/ NAD+r at
io

Oxi
dat
ionofFat
tyAci
dsandKet
oneBodi
es

1.Whatisthecarr
iert
hattranspor
tsact
ivat
edl
ongchai
nfat
tyacy
lgr
oupsacr
osst
he
i
nnermi t
ochondri
almembrane?
a)AcylCoA
b)AcetylCoA
c)Carnati
ne
d)Albumin
e)Fatt
yacidbindi
ngprot
eins

2.Whatder i
vat
ivef
orm mustf
att
yaci
dsbeact
ivat
edt
obef
oret
heycanpar
ti
cipat
ein
-
oxi
dation?
a)AcetylCoA
b)AcylCoA
c)Carnati
ne
d)Ketonebodies
e)Pol
y unsat
urat
ed

3.Ani ndiv
idualwithadefici
encyofanenzy meinthepathwayf orcar
nit
inesy nt
hesi
sis
noteat i
ngadequat eamount sofcarni
tinei
nthediet.Whichofthefol
lowingwouldyou
expectdur i
ngfastingascompar edwithanindiv
idualwit
hanadequat eintakeand
synthesisofcarni
tine?
a)Fattyacidoxidationisi
ncreased
b)Ketonebodysy nthesi
sisincreased
c)Bloodgl ucoselevelsar
eincreased
d)Thel evelsofdicarboxyl
icacidsinthebloodwoul dbeincr
eased
e)Thel
evel
sofv
ery
-l
ong-
chai
nfat
tyaci
dsi
nthebl
oodwoul
dbei
ncr
eased

4.The -
oxidat
ionspi
raloccur
sint
hemi
tochondr
ial
mat
ri
xandi
nvol
vesal
loft
he
fol
lowingstepsEXCEPT:
a)FattyacylCoA
b)trans#2Fat t
yenoylCoA
c)L--
Hy dr
oxyacylCoA
d)-KetoacylCoA
e)1,6-bi
phosphateCoA

5.Theoxidati
onoffattyacidsi sbestdescr i
bedbywhi chofthef ol
lowi
ngset
sof
react
ions?
a)Oxidati
on,hydrat
ion,oxidation,car bon-car bonbondbreaking
b)Oxidati
on,dehydr
ation,oxidati
on, carbon-car bonbondbreaking
c)Oxidati
on,hydr
ati
on, r
educt i
on, carbon-car bonbondbreaking
d)Oxidati
on,dehydr
ation,reduction,carbon- carbonbondbreaking
e)Reduction,
hydrat
ion,oxidati
on, carbon-car bonbondbreaking

6.Atwhichoft heperiodsli
stedbel
owwil
lfat
tyaci
dsbet
hemaj
orsour
ceoff
uel
fort
he
ti
ssuesoft hebody ?
a)Immedi atel
yafterbreakf
ast
b)Minutesaf t
erasnack
c)Immedi atel
yafterdinner
d)Whilerunningthef i
rstmil
eofamarat
hon
e)Whilerunningthel astmil
eofamarat
hon

7.Whati
sther
esultofcompleteoxi
dat
ionofpal
mit
ate(
16car
bons,
nodoubl
ebonds)
toCO2andwaterv
ia-oxi
dati
on?
a)8FADH2,8NADH, 8acety
l CoA
b)7FADH2,8NADH, 8acetylCoA
c)8FADH2,8NADH, 7acety
lCoA
d)7FADH2,7NADH, 8acetylCoA
e)8FADH2,7NADH, 7acety
l CoA

8.HowmanyATPmol
ecul
esar
epr
oducedf
rom 
-oxi
dat
ionofpal
mit
ate?
a)7*2.
5+7*1.5+8*10=108
b)7*2.
5+7*1.5+8*10-2=106
c)8*2.
5+8*1.5+8*10=107
d)8*2.
5+8*1.5+8*10-2=109
e)8*2.
5+8*1.5+8*10+2=111
9.-
oxidat
ionisr
egulat
edbythecells’
requi
rement
sf orener
gy,orthelevel
sof__
__,
becausefatt
yacidscannotbeoxi
dizedanyfast
erthan____arereoxi
dizedint
he
el
ectrontr
ansportchai
n.
a)AMPandNAD+; NADHandFADH2
b)ADPandNADH; NADHandFADH2
c)ATPandNADH; NADHandFADH2
d)ATPandNADH; NAD+andFADH+
e)ADPandNADH; NAD+andFADH+

10.Whattransfor
mationmustoccuratdoublebondsf
oroxi
dat
ionofunsat
urat
edf
att
y
aci
dst ooccur?
a)Theymustbemadechi ral
b)Hy dr
oly
sismustoccurfirst
c)Transbondsareturnedintocisbonds
d)Cisbondsar etur
nedintot r
ansbonds
e)Reducti
ontakesplaceiniti
all
ybef
orehydr
oly
sis

11.Fattyacidscontaininganoddnumberofcar bonsundergo-oxi
dati
onuntil
thel
ast
spi
ral.Howmanycar bonsar eleftinthefatt
yacylCoAinthelastspi
ralof-
oxi
dati
on?
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
e)5
12.Wher earev er
y-l
ong- chai
nfattyacids(24to26carbons)oxi
dizedinchai
nshort
eni
ng
pathway sthatuseFAD- contai
ningoxidasetoall
owf or
-oxi
dati
on?
a)Mitochondr i
a
b)Lysosomes
c)Peroxisomes
d)Cytoplasm
e)Endopl asmicret
iculum

13.- oxidationoff attyaci

dsusesenzymesfrom t
heendopl
asmicreti
cul
um.What
producti screatedbyt hi
sprocess,
all
owingf
orthecont
inuat
ionof
-oxi
dati
on?
a)Car boxy l
icacids
b)Dicar boxy l
icacids
c)Tri
car boxilicaci
ds
d)Oligocar boxyli
caci ds
e)Poly carboxy l
i
caci ds

14.Whichofthefol
lowing-oxi
dati
onenzy
mer
eact
ionsi
srev
ersi
ble,
all
owi
ngf
ort
he
product
ionofket
onebodi esintheli
ver
?
a)AcylCoAdehydrogenase
b)EnoylCoAhydratase
c)
-hydroxy
lacylCoAdehy
drogenase
d)
-ketothi
olase

15.Whichoft hefol
lowingi
sNOTaket
onebody
?
a)Acetoacetate
b)AcetylCoA
c)D-
-Hydroxybutyr
ate
d)Acetone

16.
-Hy dr
oxy but
yrat
eisoxidi
zedtoacet
oacetat
e,whi
chi
sact
ivat
edbyaccept
inga
CoAgroupf rom whatpartoftheTCAcycle?
a)AcetoacetylCoA
b)AcetylCoA
c)SuccinylCoA
d)Succinate
e)Oxaloacetate

17.Whi choft hefol

l
owingket
ogeni
cami noaci
dscanfor
m acet
ylCoAandacet
oacet
yl
CoAint hel i
veraswell
asotherext
ra-
hepati
cti
ssues?
a)Leuci ne
b)Lysine
c)Tryptophan
d)Tyrosi ne
e)Pheny lal
anine

18.Pat i
ent
swi tht ypeIdiabet
esmell
it
ushav eadefi
ciencyi
ninsuli
nandanexcessof
gl
ucagon.Thi sleadst oexcessfatbr
eakdownandket onebodyproducti
oni
ntheli
ver
,
l
eadingt oketoacidosis.I
nsuli
nnormall
y____acet
ylCoAcarboxylaseand__
__-
oxi
dat i
on.
a)Stimulat
es; Sti
mul ates
b)Inhibi
ts;I
nhibits
c)Stimulates;Inhibit
s
d)Inhibi
ts;Sti
mul ates

19.Medium-chainacy l
-CoAdehy drogenase( MCAD)def ici
encyisadisorderinv
olvi
ng
thesubsti
tuti
onofaTf oranAi ntheMCADgene.Thi sresultsi
nf at
tyacidsonlybei
ng
oxidi
zedownt othemedi um-chainl ength.Whatt y
peofdi etwouldthesepati
entsneed
tomaintai
naheal thystate?
a)High-
protei
nandav oidanceofpr olongedf ast
ing
b)High-
protei
nandav oidanceofov er-
eating
c)High-
carbohydrat eandav oi
danceofpr ol
ongedf ast
ing
d)High-
carbohydrateandav oi
danceofov er
-eat
ing
e)High-
fatandav oidanceofpr olongedf asti
ng
 Met
abol
ism ofEt
hanol

1.1)Alcohol(
ethanol)i
smet
abol
izedi
nthel
iv
erbyal coholdehy
drogenase(ADH)wi
th
reduct
ionofNAD+t oNADH.Whatist
heendproductofthemetaboli
cpathway?
a)Acet al
dehy
de
b)Acet ate
c)Acet one
d)Met hanol
e)Ether

1.2)Thefateoft heproductofethanolmetaboli
sm iswhichoft
hefol
l
owi
ng?
a)Itist
akenupbyot hertissuesandact i
vat
edt oacety
lCoA
b)Iti
stoxict otheti
ssuesoft hebodyandcanl eadtohepati
cnecr
osi
s
c)Iti
sexcret edinbi
le
d)Itent
erst heTCAcy cledirect
lytobeoxidi
zed
e)Iti
sconv ertedint
oNADHbyal cohol
dehydrogenase

2.1)Themi cr
osomalet
hanoloxi
dizingsystem (
MEOS)account
sforasmal
lper
cent
age
ofethanol oxi
dati
on.Whati
sthefirstproductcr
eat
edbyMEOSwi tht
heoxi
dati
onof
NADPHt oNADP+?
a)Acet al
dehy de
b)Acet at
e
c)Acetone
d)Met hanol
e)Ether

2.2)I
nduct ionofCYP2E1woul dresultinwhi choft hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)Adecr easedcl ear
anceofet hanolfrom thebl ood
b)Adecr easei ntherateofacetaldehydepr oduction
c)Alowpossi bil
i
tyofthegener ati
onoff r
eer adi
cals
d)Protectionfrom hepati
cdamage
e)Anincr easeofone’ salcoholtoler
ancelev el

3)Phenobarbit
alisconv ertedtoani nact
ivemetabol
it
ebycy t
ochr
omeP450
monooxygenasesCYP2B1andCYP2B2.Whatwoul dl
ikel
yhappenifahi
ghdoseof
phenobar
bitalwasgi venandt henexcesset hanolwasconsumed?
a)Ahigheralcoholtolerancewoul dbeseen
b)Aloweralcohol t
olerancewoul dbeseen
c)Phenobarbit
alwoul dhav elessofanef fect
d)Phenobarbital
woul daccumul ateintheblood
e)Phenobarbit
alwoul dbei mmedi atel
yinacti
vat
ed

4)Whati
sthemaxi
mum t
otal
ener
gyy
iel
dinmol
esofATPpermol
eofet
hanol
?
a)5
b)8
c)10
d)11
e)13

5.1)Manyoftheacut
eaf
fect
sofet
hanol
ingest
ionar
isef
rom t
hei
ncr
easei
nwhatr
ati
o
i
nt hel
iv
er ?
a)ATP/ADP
b)AMP/ ATP
c)NAD+/ NADH
d)NADH/ NAD+
e)FADH2/ FADH

5.2)Whichoft hefoll
owi ngwouldbeexpect
edt
ooccuraf
teracut
eal
cohol
ingest
ion?
a)Theactivationoffattyacidoxi
dati
on
b)Lacti
caci dosis
c)Theinhibi
tionofket ogenesi
s
d)Anincreasei ntheNAD+/ NADHr ati
o
e)Anincreasei ngluconeogenesis

5.3)Achr oni cal coholicisintreatmentf oralcoholabuse.Thedrugdisulf

ir
am is
prescr ibedf ort hepat i
ent .Thi
sdr ugdet er
st heconsumpt i
onofalcoholbywhi chof
thef ollowi ngmechani sms?
a)I nhi bitingt heabsor ptionofet hanolsot hatanindiv
idualcannotbecome
i
nt oxi cat ed, regar dl
essofhowmucht heydrink
b)I nhi bitingt heconv ersionofet hanol t
oacet al
dehyde,whichwouldcauset he
excr et i
onofunmet abol i
zedethanol
c)Bl ocki ngt heconv ersionofacet aldehydet oacetate,
whichwoul dcauset he
accumul ationofacet aldehyde
d)Act iv atingt heexcessi vemet aboli
sm ofet hanoltoacetate,
whichcauses
i
nebr iat i
onwi t
hconsumpt i
onofasmal lamountofal cohol
e)Pr ev ent i
ngt heexcr etionofacet at
e, whichcausesnauseaandv omiti
ng

6)Whi choneoft hef oll

owingconsequencesofchr
oni
cal
cohol
consumpt
ioni
s
i
rreversi
ble?
a)Inhibi
tionoffattyacidoxidati
on
b)Act i
vationoftr
iacylgl
ycerol
ssy nt
hesi
s
c)Ketoaci dosi
sandl acti
cacidosis
d)Hy peruricemi
aandhy pogly
cemi a
e)Livercirrhosi
s

7)Acetal
dehydetoxi
ci
tycausesabuil
d-upofpr
otei
nsi
nthel
i
ver
.Whi
choft
he
fol
l
owingisaclini
calr
esul
tofthi
stoxi
city?
a)Hepati
ti
s
b)Hypoglycemi
a
c)Li
vercir
rhosis
d)Ketoaci
dosis
e)Lacti
cacidosi
s

26–Basi cConcept sintheRegul at

ionofFuelMetabol
ism byInsul
in,
Glucagon
1.1)Whichofthefoll
owi ngisNOTt ruewheninsul
i
ni sr
eleased?
a)Bloodglucoseisdown
b)Glycogensynt
hesi sincreases
c)Fattyaci
dsynthesisincreases
d)Trigl
ycer
idesynthesisincreases
e)Livergl
ycol
ysi
sincr eases

1.2)ApatientwithtypeIdi abetesmel l
it
ustakesaninsuli
ninject
ionbef
oreeati
ngdinner
thengetsdistr
act edanddoesnoteat .Approximatel
y3hour slat
er,t
hepati
entbecomes
shaky,sweaty,andconf used.Thesesy mptomshav eoccurr
edbecauseofwhichofthe
foll
owi
ng?
a)Incr
easedgl ucagonr eleasefrom thepancreas
b)Decreasedgl ucagonr eleasefrom thepancreas
c)Highbloodgl ucoselev els
d)Lowbl oodgl ucoselev els
e)Elev
atedketonebodyl ev el
s

2.1)Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
nghast
hehi
ghestdemandf
orgl
ucoseasaf
uel
?
a)Brain
b)Muscle
c)Heart
d)Liver
e)Pancreas

2.2)Insuliniscreat
edasapr ehormonet
hatisconver
tedt
opr oi
nsul
inintheRER.
Glucoseent er
sthe____cel
l
s( i
slet
sofLanger
hans)andcausesa(n)___
_inATPlevel
s.
K+channel sareinhi
bit
edandCa++channelsopen,st
imul
atingi
nsuli
nsecret
ion.
a); Decr ease
b); Increase
c);Decrease
d);Increase

2.
3)Whi chofthef
oll
owi
ngi
sanegat
iver
egul
atorofgl
ucagonr
elease?
a)Guthor mones
b)Cortisol
c)Glucose
d)Ami noaci ds
e)Epinephrine
3)Caffei
neisapotentinhibi
toroft heenzymecAMPphosphodiesterase.Whi
choft
he
fol
l
owingconsequenceswoul dy ouexpecttooccurint
hel
i
verafterdrinki
ngt
wocups
ofstr
ongespressocoffee?
a)Aprolongedresponsetoi nsuli
n
b)Aprolongedresponset ogl ucagon
c)Aninhibi
ti
onofproteinkinaseA
d)Anenhancementofgl ycolyticacti
vi
ty
e)Areducedrateofglucoseexpor ttothecircul
ati
on

4)Whi choft hef

oll
owi
ngi
sanegat
iver
egul
atorofi
nsul
i
nrel
ease?
a)Glucose
b)Ami noacids
c)Neur al
input
d)Guthor mones
e)Epinephrine

5.1)Gl
ucagonreleasedoesnotal t
ermusclemet
abol
i
sm becauseofwhi
choft
he
foll
owi
ng?
a)Musclecel
lslackadenylatecycl
ase
b)Musclecel
lslackprotei
nkinaseA
c)Musclecel
lslackGpr ot
eins
d)Musclecel
lslackGTP
e)Musclecel
lslacktheglucagonr ecept
or

5.2)Insulinbindst othe_
___subuni
toft
hei
nsul
i
nrecept
orandhas_
___act
ivi
ty.
a); Serine/Threonine
b); Tyrosineki nase
c);Serine/Threonine
d);Tyrosinekinase

5.3)Thegl
ucagonr
ecept
ori
scoupl
edt
opr
oduct
ionofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)cAMP
b)cGMP
c)Ca++
d)Calmodul
in
e)PKC

5.
4)Whi choft hefoll
owingisNOTasi gnal tr
ansduct
ionpr
inci
plebywhi
chglucagon
works?
a)Specifi
cit
yofact i
oni nt
issuesi
sconf erredbyther
eceptoronatar
getcel
l
b)Signaltr
ansductioninvolv
esampl i
fi
cationofthefi
rstmessage
c)Signalster
mi nateslowly
d)Met abol
icresponsesar eint
egr
ated
e)Signalscanbeaugment edorantagonized
28–For
mat
ion&Degr
adat
ionofGl
ycogen

1)Whatisgly
cogeni
nit
ial
l
ybr
okendownt
oint
hel
i
verandmuscl
e?
a)Gl
ucose-1-
P
b)Gl
ucose-2-
P
c)Gl
ucose-4-
P
d)Gl
ucose-6-
P
e)Gl
ucose

2)Inwhichofthefol
l
owingtissuesdoesglycogen(mor
epreci
sel
ygl
ucose-
6-P)ser
ve
asasour ceofbl
oodglucoseinsteadofasourceofATPgener
ati
on?
a)Muscle
b)Kidney
c)Liver
d)Brain
e)Heart

3.1)Whichoft
hef oll
owingisNOTabenef itofbr
anchi
ngi
ngl
ycogen?
a)Incr
easedsit
esf orsynt
hesis
b)Incr
easedsit
esf ordegradat
ion
c)Incr
easedsolubi
lit
y
d)Incr
easedresist
ancet o4:6transf
erase

3.2)I
nagl ucosetolerancet est,anindi
v i
dualinthebasalmetabol
i
cstateingest
salar
ge
amountofgl ucose.Iftheindi v
idualisnormal,thi
singesti
onshoul
dresulti
nwhichof
thefol
lowing?
a)Anenhancedgl ycogensy nthaseactivi
tyintheli
ver
b)Anincreasedratioofgl ycogenphosphor y
laseAt ogly
cogenphosphoryl
aseB
i
nt hel
iver
c)Anincreasedrateofl actatef or
mat i
onbyr edbloodcells
d)Aninhibit
ionofpr otei
nphosphat aseIactivi
tyint
heliver
e)AnincreaseofcAMPl evelsintheliver

3.3)Consi
deraty
peIdi
abet
icwhohasneglect
edt ot
akeinsul
infort
hepast72hours
andhasnoteatenmuchaswell
.Whichoft
hef ol
l
owingbestdescri
best
heacti
vi
tylevel
ofhepati
cenzymesi
nvol
vedingl
ycogenmetabol
ism undert
hesecondi
ti
ons?
GlycogenPhosphor
ylaseGlycogen
SynthaseKi
nasePhosphorylase
a)Acti
veActiv
eAct i
ve
b)Acti
veActiveInacti
ve
c)Acti
veInact
iveInactiv
e
d)I
nacti
veInactiveInacti
ve
e)I
nactiv
eAct i
veI nacti
ve
f)I
nacti
veActiveAct i
ve
3.4)Gl ycogensy nthaseistheenzy
methatat
tachesthegl
ucosyl
resi
duesi
nwhatt
ype
ofbonds( regul atedst epinthepat
hway
)duri
ngglycogensynt
hesi
s?
a)- 1,6-gl
y cosidi c
b)- 1,4-glycosi dic
c)-1,6-gly
cosi dic
d)-1,4-glycosidic

4.1)Theenzymegl ycogenphosphoryl
asest art
satt heendofachai nandsuccessi
vel
y
cl
eav esgl
ucosylresiduesbyaddingphosphatet otheterminalgly
cosi
dicbondduri
ng
gl
y cogendegr
adat i
on.Whymustadebr ancherenzy mebeused?
a)Becauseglycogenphosphor y
lasecannotcleav ehydrogenbonds
b)Becauseglycogenphosphor y
lasecannotcleav ecovalentbonds
c)Becauseglycogenphosphorylasecannotcleav euseUDP- gl
ucose
d)Becauseglycogenphosphor y
lasedoesnothav eenoughener gy
e)Becauseglycogenphosphor ylasei
sst er
icall
yhindered

4.2)Thedegr adat
ionofgl ycogennor mal l
yproduceswhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)Mor egl ucosethangl ucose1- phosphate
b)Mor egl ucose1- phosphatet hangl ucose
c)Equal amount sofgl ucoseandgl ucose1-phosphat
e
d)Neithergl ucoseorgl ucose1- phosphate
e)Onlygl ucose1-phosphat e

5.1)Apatienthasl argedeposit
sofli
vergl
ycogen,whi
ch,
aft
eranover
nightf
ast,
had
short
erthannor mal br
anches.Thi
sabnormali
tycoul
dbecausedbyadefect
ivef
orm of
whichofthef ollowingprotei
nsoract
ivi
ti
es?
a)Glycogenphosphor yl
ase
b)Glucagonr eceptor
c)Glycogenin
d)Amy lo1,6gl ucosidase
e)Amy lo4,6transferase

5.
2)Anadol escentpatientwithadef iciencyofmusclephosphorylasewasexami ned
whileexerci
si ngherforearm bysqueezi ngarubberbal
l.Comparedwi t
hanormal
personper f
or mingthesameexer cise,thispati
entwouldexhi
bitwhichofthefol
lowing?
a)Exerci
sef oral ongertimewi t
houtf atigue
b)Hav eincreasedglucosel evel
sinbl ooddr awnfrom herfor
earm
c)Hav edecr easedlactatelevel
si nbl ooddrawnf or
m herforearm
d)Hav elowerl evel
sofgl ycogeninbi opsyspecimensfrom herforear
m muscle
e)Hy per
glycemi a

5.
3)Anadol escentpat
ientpr
esent
swi thaly
sosomal-gl
ucosi
dasedi
sor
der(
gly
cogen
storagedisorder)
.Whichofthefol
lowingwouldmostl
ikel
ybeseen?
a)Increasedglucosedeposit
sinly
sosomes
b)Decr easedglucosedeposi
tsinl
y sosomes
c)I
ncreasedglycogendepositsinl
ysosomes
d)Decreasedglycogendeposit
sinly
sosomes
e)I
ncreasedfatdeposit
sinlysosomes

6.1)Dur i
ngr egul
ati
onofgly
cogensynthesis/
degr
adat
ionint
heli
ver,phosphor
ylase
kinaseaddsaphosphat etospecif
ic____resi
duesongly
cogenphosphoryl
ase____,
therebyconv erti
ngi
ttotheact
ivegl
ycogenphosphoryl
ase___
_.
a)Ser i
ne;A; B
b)Thr eonine;A;B
c)Ser i
ne;B; A
d)Thr eonine;B;A

6.2)Duringr egulationofglycogensynt
hesis/degr
adat
ionint
heli
ver,
glycogeni
s
degradedt ogl ucose1- phosphateasaresultof___
_ofgly
cogensynthaseandt
he_
___
ofglycogenphosphor yl
ase.
a)Inhibi
tion; Activati
on
b)Activation;Inhibiti
on
c)Inhibi
tion;Inhibiti
on
d)Activation;Act i
vation

7.1)TheformationofcAMPandt
her
esult
antactiv
ati
onofprotei
nkinaseAar
eini
ti
ated
bythebindingofwhattopl
asmamembranereceptor
s(gl
ycogenol
ysis)
?
a)Atropi
ne
b)Epinephrine
c)Adenosine
d)Glucagon
e)Insul
in

7.
2)Af t
ermusclecontr
acti
on,whati
scr
eat
edt
hatal
l
ost
eri
cal
l
yact
ivat
esgl
ycogen
phosphoryl
aseb?
a)ATP
b)ADP
c)AMP
d)UDP- gl
ucose
e)Glycogenphosphor
ylasea

29–Pat hwaysofSugarMetabol
ism
1.1)Fr
uct oseent
ersepi
thel
i
alcel
l
sandot
hert
ypesofcel
l
sbyf
aci
l
itat
eddi
ff
usi
onon
whichtransport
er?
a)GLUT1
b)GLUT2
c)GLUT3
d)GLUT4
e)GLUT5
1.
2)Whatar ethetwogl ycolysi
sinter mediat
esthatf
ruct
osei
smet
abol
i
zedt
o?
a)Fr
uctose-1-
PandGl y
cer al
dehyde
b)Gl
yceral
dehy deandGl yceral
dehy de-3-P
c)Gl
yceral
dehy de-3-
PandDi hydroxy acet
one-P
d)Di
hydroxyacetone-
PandGl ucose- 6-P
e)Gl
ucose-6-PandGl ucose-1-P

2.1)Anal cohol i
cisbroughttotheEmergencyRoom i
nahypogl
ycemi
ccoma.Si
nce
alcoholi
csar ef r
equentlymalnouri
shed,whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngenzymescanbeusedt
o
testforat hiaminedeficiency
?
a)Aldolase
b)Transal dolase
c)Transket olase
d)Glucose6- phosphatedehy dr
ogenase
e)UDP- galactoseepimer ase

2.2)Def ici
encyinfr
uct oki
naseisabenignpr
oblem.Howev
er,genet
ical
dol
aseB
deficiencyisli
fethreateningbecauseoft
hetoxi
caccumul
ati
onofwhichofthe
foll
owi ng,l
eadingtohy poglycemia?
a)Fr uctose
b)Sor bitol(
polyol
)
c)Fr uctose6-phosphat e
d)Fr uctose1-phosphat e
e)Gl yceral
dehyde3- phosphate

3.1)Intr
avenousfructosef eedingcanleadtolacti
caci
dosi
scausedbywhi
choft
he
foll
owing?
a)By passi
ngther egulatedpyruvateki
nasest ep
b)By passingtheregulatedPFK- 1step
c)Alloster
ical
l
yact i
vatingaldolaseB
d)Alloster
ical
lyacti
vatinglactatedehydrogenase
e)Increasi
ngthe[ ATP]/[ADP]ratioint
hel i
ver

3.2)Thepolyolpathwayist
heconv
ersi
onof
?
a)Sorbitol
toglucose
b)Fructosetoglucose
c)Fruct
oset ogalact
ose
d)Glucoset ogal
actose
e)Glucoset ofr
uctose

4)Athree-week-
oldchi
ldisbeingseenforear
lycat
aract
sformi
ngi
nherey
es.The
physi
cianbeli
evestheproblem i
shyper
galact
osemiaandorder
sat
estf
orthedef
ici
ent
enzyme,whichis:
a)Galactose-
1-Puri
dyl
ytransfer
ase
b)Galact
okinase
c)UDP-glucoseepi
merase
d)Sor
bit
oldehydrogenase
e)Al
dosereductase

5)Thepent osephosphat epat

hwayy i
eldswhatpr
oduct
s,t
hef
ir
stbei
ngusedinall
cel
l
s
forr
educt i
vedetoxif
icati
onandthesecondbeingusedi
nmostcel
l
sfornucl
eoti
de
synt
hesis?
a)Glucose-6-Pandgl y
ceral
dehyde-
3-P
b)Glyceral
dehyde-3-
Pandgl ucose-
6-P
c)NADPHandr i
bose-5-P
d)Ribose-5-PandNADPH
e)ATPandADP

6)Whatot herproduct
sarecreatedinthepent
osephosphat
epathway,
thefi
rstbei
ng
par
toft heoxidati
vepathwayandt hesecondpar
toft
henon-oxi
dati
vepat
hway ?
a)Glucose-6-
Pandgl yceral
dehyde-3-
P
b)Glyceral
dehyde-3-
PandGl ucose-6-
P
c)NADPHandr ibose-
5-P
d)Ri
bose- 5-
PandNADPH
e)ATPandADP

7)Aglucose6-
phosphatedehydrogenasedefi
ciencyleadstocompromi
seoft
he
gl
utat
hionedef
ensesy st
em.Howdoest hi
saffectredbloodcell
s?
a)Hemoglobi
nwillonl
yholdoneoxy genmolecule
b)Hemoglobi
ncannotholdoxy gen
c)Thecell
swil
lshri
nk
d)Thecell
swil
lly
seduet oinf
luxofglucose
e)Thecell
swil
llysetoduemechani calst
ressv i
aHei nzbodi
es

Gl
uconeogenesi
sandMai
ntenanceofBl
oodGl
ucoseLev
els

1.1)Acommoni nt
ermediat
eint
heconv
ersi
onofgl
ycer
olandl
act
atet
ogl
ucosei
s
which
ofthefoll
owing?
a)Pyruvat
e
b)Oxaloacet
ate
c)Malate
d)Glucose6-phosphat
e
e)Phosphoenolpyr
uvate

1.
2)Apatientpresentedwithabacter
iali
nfect
iont
hatpr
oducedanendot
oxint
hat
i
nhibi
tsphosphoenolpyruv
atecarboxyki
nase.I
nthi
spati
ent
,then,
undert
hese
condit
ions,glucoseproduct
ionfr
om whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
ecur
sor
swoul
dbe
i
nhibit
ed?
a)Alanine
b)Glycerol
c)Even-chain-numberfat
tyaci
ds
d)Phosphoenol pyr
uvate
e)Galactose

1.
3)Whichofthefol
l
owingst at
ement sbestdescr i
besglucagon?
a)I
tactsasananaboli
chor mone
b)I
tactsonskel
etal
muscl e,l
iv
er,andadi posetissue
c)I
tactspri
maril
yontheliverandadi posetissue
d)I
tsconcent
rat
ioni
nthebl oodincreasesafterahi gh-
carbohydratemeal
e)I
tsconcent
rat
ioni
ncreasesinthebl oodwheni nsul
inl
ev el
sincrease

1.4)Whichofthef ollowingi smostlikel

yt ooccuri
nanor
mal
indi
vi
dual
aft
eri
ngest
inga
hi
gh-car
bohy drat
emeal ?
a)Onlyi
nsulinlevelsdecr ease
b)Onlyinsuli
nlevelsi ncrease
c)Onlyglucagonlev elsincrease
d)Bothinsuli
nandgl ucagonl evel
sdecr ease
e)Bothinsuli
nandgl ucagonl ev
elsincrease

1.5)Apat i
entar r
ivesatt hehospit
ali
nanambulance.Sheiscurr
entl
yinacoma.Before
l
apsingi ntot hecoma, hersymptomsincl
udedvomiti
ng,dehydr
ati
on,lowblood
pressur e, andar apidhear t
beat.Sheal
sohadrel
ati
velyrapi
drespi
rat
ions,r
esult
ingi
n
mor ecar bondi oxi
deexhal ed.Thesesymptomsareconsist
entwit
hwhi chofthe
foll
owi ngcondi ti
ons?
a)Thepat ientl
acksapancr eas
b)Ket oal kolosi
s
c)Hy pogl y cemiccoma
d)Diabet icketoaci dosis
e)Insul i
nshocki nadi abeticpati
ent

1.
6)Howmanyr
eact
ionst
epsdi
ff
erbet
weengl
ycol
ysi
sandgl
uconeogenesi
s?
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
e)5

2)Whi chofthef oll

owingenzymesneededf
orgl
uconeogenesi
sisNOTpar
toft
hest
eps
thatareir
reversibleingl
ycol
ysi
s?
a)Pyruvatecarboxy l
ase
b)PEPcar boxy kinase
c)Fructosebisphosphatase
d)Gl
ucose6-
phosphat
ase

3)Whichoft hefol
lowi
ngt
issuesr
equi
resgl
uconeogenesi
sdur
ingf
ast
ing?
a)Redbl oodcell
s
b)Li
ver
c)Skeletalmuscl
e
d)Smoot hmuscle
e)Cardiacmuscle

4)I
nt hefasti
ngst at
e(int
heli
ver)gl
ycerol,ami
noaci
ds,
andl
act
atecombi
newi t
h__
__
toform gl
ucoseandi nthest
arvedstat
et heycombi
newit
h__
__t
of or
m gl
ucose.
a)Glucose;Glucose
b)Glycogen;Glycogen
c)Glucose;Glycogen
d)Glycogen;Glucose
e)Glucose;ATP

5)Glucosef r
om gluconeogenesi
sint
heki
dneyi
smost
lyusedby
:
a)Skeletalmuscl
e
b)Redbl oodcell
s
c)Thel i
ver
d)Thehear t
e)Theki dney

6.1)Whichofthefoll
owinggluconeogenicconversi
onsr equi
resbi
oti
nandr
efi
l
ls
(anapl
eroti
c)theoxal
oacetatethatisusedforthesynthesisofgl
ucose?
a)Py r
uvatetophosphoenolpyruvate
b)Phosphoenolpyruv
atetofructose1,6-
bisphosphat
e
c)Fructose1,
6-bi
sphosphatetof r
uctose6-phosphat
e
d)Glucose6-phosphatetoglucose

6.2)Whichofthef ol
l
owinggluconeogenicconversi
onsdoesNOToccuri
nthecy
tosol
?
a)Pyruvat
etophosphoenol pyruvate
b)Phosphoenolpyruvat
etofructose1,6-
bisphosphat
e
c)Fruct
ose1,6,-
bisphosphat
et ofruct
ose6-phosphate
d)Glucose6-phosphatetoglucose

7)Whi chofthef
oll
owi
ngcanNOTbeconv
ert
edt
ogl
ucose?
a)Lactate
b)Tryptophan
c)Glycerol
d)Alanine

8)Whatenzy
mei sinvolv
edintheCoriCycl
e(i
nvol
vi
ngr
edbl
oodcel
l
s)?
a)Gl
ycer
olki
nase
b)Gl
ycer
ol3-phosphatedehy
drogenase
c)Lactat
edehydrogenase
d)Alani
neaminotransf
erase
e)Phosphoenol
pyruvat
ecarboxy
kinase

9)Whichofthef ol
l
owi ngisNOTneededf
ort
hegl
uconeogenesi
sconv
ersi
onof
pyr
uvatetooxaloacetate?
a)CO2
b)O2
c)Bi
otin
d)ATP
e)Pyr
uvatecarboxylase

10)Wheni nsulinandAMPar elowt heyall

ost
eri
call
yaff
ectPFK-
1.Thus,
whenwoul
dthe
synt
hesisoff ruct
ose1,6-
bisphosphatasebei
ncluded?
a)Ahighcar bohydrat
emeal
b)Ahighf atmeal
c)Ahighpr oteinmeal
d)Aft
erawor kout
e)Whilefasting

11)Theconv ersionofglucosetoglucose6-phosphat
e(viagl
uct
okinase)i
sinducedby
___
_andt heconv er
sionofglucose6-phosphat
etoglucose(v
iagl
ucose6-phosphatase)
i
sinducedby_ ___.
a)Insul
in;Fast i
ng
b)Fasti
ng; I
nsul i
n
c)I
nsuli
n;Insul i
n
d)Fasti
ng; Fasting
e)Insul
i
n&Gl ucagon; Gl
ucagon

12)Theconv
ersi
onofgl
ucoset
olact
atey
iel
dshowmanyATPs?(
Cor
iCy
cle)
a)0
b)2
c)4
d)6
e)8

13)Theconv
ersi
onofl
act
atet
ogl
ucoser
equi
reshowmanyATPs?(
Cor
iCy
cle)
a)0
b)2
c)4
d)6
e)8

14)Theglycoly
ticenzymeglucoki
naseisinducedby___
_andthegl
uconeogeni
c
enzymephosphoenol py
ruv
atecarboxyki
naseisrepr
essedby_
_ _
_.
a)Insul
i
n;Glucagon
b)Gl
ucagon;I
nsul
in
c)I
nsul
in;I
nsul
in
d)Gl
ucagon;Gl
ucagon

15.
1)Af t
erahighpr oteinmeal ,i
nsul
i
nlev
els_
___andgl
ucagonl
evel
s__
__.
a)Risedrast
icall
y;Falldrasticall
y
b)Falldr
asti
call
y;Risedr asticall
y
c)Ri
sedr ast
icall
y;Risedr astical
ly
d)Falldr
asti
call
y;Falldrastically
e)Risesli
ghtly
;Risesl i
ght l
y

15.
2)Af t
erahighgl ucosemeal ,
insul
i
nlev
els_
___andgl
ucagonl
evel
s__
__.
a)Risedrast
icall
y;Falldrast i
cally
b)Falldr
asti
call
y;Risedr asticall
y
c)Ri
sedr ast
ical
ly;Risedr astical
ly
d)Falldr
asti
call
y;Falldrastically
e)Risesli
ght
ly;Ri
sesl ightly

16)Gl
ycogenolysi
sis_ ___bygl
ucagonandgl
uconeogenesi
sis_
___bygl
ucagon.
a)I
nacti
vated;I
nacti
v at
ed
b)Act
ivated;Acti
vated
c)I
nacti
vated;Acti
vated
d)Act
ivat
ed; I
nacti
vated

17)Whatist hemaj orsour

ceofbl
oodf
uel
aft
erf
ast
ingf
or10day
s?
a)Glucose
b)Freefatt
yaci ds
c)Glycer
ol
d)Ketonebodi es
e)Lactat
e

33–Sy
nthesi
sofFat
tyAci
ds,
Tri
acy
lgl
ycer
ols,
Membr
aneLi
pids

1.1)Whichofthef oll
owingisi nv
olv edint hesynthesi
softri
acyl
gly
cer
olsi
nadi
pose
ti
ssue?
a)Fattyacidsobtainedfrom chy l
omi cronsandVLDL
b)Glycerol
3-phosphat ederiv
edf rom bl oodglycerol
c)2-MGasanobl i
gatoryintermedi ate
d)Lipoprot
einli
paset ocatalyzethef ormat i
onofest erbonds
e)Acetoacetyl
CoAasanobl igat
or yintermediate

1.2)Newlysynthesi
zedfat
tyaci
dsarenoti
mmediat
elydegradedbecauseofwhichof
thefoll
owing?
a)Tissuesthatsynt
hesi
zefatt
yaci
dsdonotcont
aintheenzymesthatdegrade
fatt
yacids
b)HighNADPHl evelsinhibi
t-oxi
dati
on
c)I
nt hepresenceofi nsuli
n,thekeyfatt
yaci
ddegradi
ngenzymei snotinduced
d)Newlysy nt
hesizedf at
tyacidscannotbeconver
tedtothei
rCoAder i
vati
ves
e)Transportoffattyacidsintomi t
ochondri
aisi
nhibi
tedundercondit
ionsin
whichfatt
yacidsar ebei ngsy nt
hesi
zed

1.
3)Inli
pogenesis,
cit
rat
efor
msoxal
oacet
ateand:
a)Pal
mi tat
e
b)Malony l
CoA
c)AcetylCoA
d)Gly
cer ol
-3-P
e)Apoproteins

2)NADPHf orfat
tyacidsynt
hesiscomesfr
om thepent
osephosphat
epat
hway
(gl
ycol
ysis)andfrom whatpartoftheTCAcycl
e?
a)Cit
ratesynthase
b)Malicenzyme
c)Fumer ase
d)Succinatedehydrogenase
e)Succinatethi
okinase

3.1)Apat
ientwit
hhy per
li
popr
oteinemiawouldbemostli
kel
ytobenef
itf
rom a
l
owcarbohydrat
edietift
heli
poprotei
nsthatar
eelev
atedi
nbloodarewhi
chofthe
foll
owi
ng?
a)Chyl
omicrons
b)VLDL
c)HDL
d)LDL
e)IDL

3.2)Fatt
yaci
dsint
hel
i
verar
econv
ertedt
otriacyl
gly
cerol
s,whi
char
esecr
etedi
ntot
he
bl
oodwhenpackedwit
h____
,al
l
owingfat
tyacidstoreachmuscl
eandadi
pose.
a)Chy l
omicr
ons
b)VLDL
c)HDL
d)LDL
e)IDL

4.1)Amol ecul eofpalmiti

cacid,att
achedt ocar
bon1ofthegly
cer ol
moietyofa
tr
iacylglycerol,isingest
edanddi gest
ed.Itpassesintot
heblood,isstor
edinaf atcel
l
,
andul ti
mat elyisoxi di
zedtocarbondioxideandwat eri
namuscl ecell
.Chooset he
mol ecularcompl exinthebloodinwhicht hepalmit
ater
esiduei
scar r
iedfr
om thelumen
ofthegutt ot hesur f
aceofthegutepithelialcel
l
.
a)VLDL
b)Chy lomi cr
on
c)Fat t
yaci d-albumi ncomplex
d)Bil
esal
tmi
cel
le
e)LDL

4.2)Whatistherat
e-l
imiti
ngenzymeoff
att
yaci
dsy
nthesi
s?
a)AcetylCoAcarboxylase
b)Malicenzyme
c)Cit
rately
ase
d)Cytosol
icmalatedehydrogenase
e)Pyruvat
edehydrogenase

4.
3)Ahi ghinsulin/
glucagonr
ati
onwouldresul
tin_
___ofsy
nthesi
sforacet
ylCoAand
___
_ofsy nthesisforfat
tyaci
dsynt
hase.
a)Inhi
bit
ion;Inducti
on
b)Induct
ion;Inhibi
ti
on
c)Inducti
on;Induction
d)Inhi
bit
ion;Inhibi
ti
on

5)Whatf att
yacidmet aboli
sm enzymeisact
ivei
nitsdephosphory
lat
edstat
e,wi
th
dephosphorylat
ionbeingcatalyzedbyani
nsul
in-
sti
mulatedphosphat
ase.
a)Pyruvatedehydrogenase
b)Cit
ratelyase
c)Malicenzyme
d)Cytosoli
cmal at
edehy drogenase
e)AcetylCoAcar boxylase

6)Inhi
biti
onofcarni
ti
ne:
pal
mitol
tr
ansfer
ase(CPTI
)prev
entsnewl
ysynthesi
zedfat
ty
acidsf
rom undergoi
ngimmediat
eoxiati
onbyshut
tl
ingacr
ossthei
nnermembr aneof
themitochondri
a.Whati
nhi
bit
sCPTI?
a)FaCoA
b)Palmitate
c)FAsy nthase
d)Malony lCoA
e)AcetylCoA

7.1)Howwoul daf asti

ngindivi
dualwithcarni
ti
nedef
ici
encybeaf
fect
ed?
a)Abili
tytooxidizelong-chainfat
tyacids
b)Inabil
it
yt ooxidi
zeshor t-
chainfatt
yacids
c)Inabil
it
yt oproduceacet ylCoA
d)Increasedproduct i
onofacet ylCoA
e)Diffi
cultyfor
mi ngketonebodi es

7.2)Whichoft hefoll
owingwoul dbeseeni napatientwi
thbi
oti
ndef
ici
ency
?
a)Dif
ficult
ycataboli
zingeven-chainedfat
tyacids
b)Diff
icult
ycat abol
izi
ngodd- chainedfat
tyacids
c)Over-catabol
ism ofeven-chainedfat
tyacids
d)Over-cataboli
sm ofodd-chainedfatt
yacids
7.3)Adef i
ciencyi
npant
otheni
caci
dwoul
daf
fectwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)CoA
b)Palmitate
c)Py r
uvate
d)Glucose
e)Insuli
n

8.1)Fat
tyaci
ddesat
urat
ioni
nvol
vesoxy
gen,
NADH,
andcy
tochr
omeb5,
andoccur
s
where?
a)Nucleus
b)Lysosome
c)Peroxi
some
d)Golgi
e)ER

8.2)Whattypesofpolyunsat
uratedfat
tyaci
ds(namedfrom t
hemethylendandr
elat
ed
toli
nolei
cacid)arerequi
redforsynt
hesisofei
cosanoi
dsbutnotsy
nthesi
zeddenovo
(essenti
alf
attyaci
ds)?
a)2
b)3
c)4
d)2and24
e)3and6

9.
1)Tr i
acylglycerol
synt
hesi
sst
artsi
nt hel
iv
erwi t
hgly
cer
olandinadi
poset
issue(and
l
iver)wi t
hgl ucose.Whatist
henexti
ntermediat
eformedbybot
hofthesest
arti
ng
points?
a)Phosphat idicaci
d
b)Diacy l
glycer ol
c)Gly cerol3- P
d)Triacylglycerol
e)VLDL

9.2)Whati
sf ormedf
rom t
hephosphor
ylat
ionofphosphat
idi
caci
d?
a)2-MG
b)Diacy
glycerol
c)Tri
acyl
glycerol
d)VLDL
e)HDL

9.
3)VLDLi sfor
medf r
om chol
est
erol
,phosphol
i
pids,
andpr
otei
nst
hatpackwi
th
tr
iacy
lgl
ycerol
s,whi
chisf
ormedwhere?
a)SER
b)RER
c)Gol
gi
d)Nucl
eus
e)Mit
ochondr
ia

9.4)Whathormonesti
mul
atest
hest
orageoft
ri
acy
lgl
ycer
olsi
nadi
poset
issue?
a)Epinepheri
ne
b)Norepinepher
ine
c)Adenosine
d)Insuli
n
e)Glucagon

10)Whathor mone,duri
ngfast
ing,
causescAMPl
evel
stor
isei
nadi
poset
issuesand
thusst i
mul at
esli
poly
sis?
a)Epinepher i
ne
b)Nor epinepher
ine
c)Adenosi ne
d)Insuli
n
e)Glucagon

11.
1)Whichoft hefol
lowingischaract
eri
sti
cofsphi
ngosine?
a)I
tisconv er
tedt oceramidebyreacti
ngwithaUDP-sugar
b)I
tcontainsagl ycer
ol moiety
c)I
tissynthesizedf r
om palmitoylCoAandseri
ne
d)I
tisapr ecursorofcardiol
ipi
n
e)I
tisonlysy nthesi
zedinneuronalcel
ls

11.
2)Whi choft hefol
lowingwoul
dhaveagl
ycer
olbackbone,
twof
att
yaci
dtai
l
s,anda
phosphatewi t
hheadgr oupatt
ached?
a)Bloodlipoprotei
ns
b)Cardioli
pin
c)Plasmalogens
d)Sphingomy eli
n
e)Gangliosi
des

11.
3)Whatt y
peofl i
pidsarei
mpor
tanti
nfor
mingt
hemy
eli
nsheat
hsur
roundi
ngner
ves
i
nthecent r
al nerv
oussy st
em?
a)Tri
acyglycerol
s
b)Gly
cerophosphol i
pids
c)Et
hergl y
cer ol
i
pids
d)Sphingophospholipids
e)Gl
ycolipi
ds

11.
4)Alongwithsphi
ngophosphol
i
pids,
whatt
ypeofl
i
pidi
samaj
orcomponentof
cel
lul
armembranes?
a)Tri
acygl
ycer
ols
b)Glycerophospholi
pids
c)Et
hergl ycerol
i
pids
d)Sphingolipi
ds
e)Gly
colipids

11.
5)Whatt y
peofl i
pidsservei
ninter
cel
l
ularcommuni
cat
ionandast
heant
igeni
c
det
ermi nantsoft heABObl oodgroup?
a)Sphi ngoli
pids
b)Ethergl y
ceroli
pids
c)Gl
y colipi
ds
d)Triacyglycerol
s
e)Glycerophosphol i
pids

11.6)Whatt y
peofl ipi
dsextendf
rom t
heout
ermembr
aneoft
hecel
landactasa
recognit
ionsi teforspeci
fi
cchemical
s?
a)Sphingolipids
b)Ethergl y
cer ol
i
pids
c)Glycolipi
ds
d)Triacyglycerol
s
e)Glycerophosphol i
pids

12)Whatisthemajorcomponentofl
ungsur
fact
ant
?
a)Dipalmi
toyl
phosphat
idy
lchol
ine
b)Phosphati
dyl
gly
cerol
c)Apoprot
eins
d)Cholest
erol
e)Sp-A,
B,C

34–Chol
est
erolAbsor
pti
on,
Synt
hesi
s,Met
abol
ism,
andFat
e

1)Howar echolest
erolsabsorbedf
rom t
hei
ntest
inal
lumen?
a)Dif
fusi
on
b)Pri
maryactivetr
ansport
c)Na+/K+pump
d)Secondaryacti
vetransport
e)Osmosis

2.1)Consi deringthefinalstepsinchol
esterolbi
osynthesis,whensqualeneiseventual
ly
convertedt ol anost
erol,whichofthefol
lowingstatementsi scorr
ect?
a)Alloft hest erol
shav ethreefusedri
ngs(thesteroi
dnucl eus)andarealcohol
s
withahy dr oxy l
groupatC3
b)Theact i
onofsqual enemonooxy genaseoxidi
zescar bon14oft hesqualene
chain,f
or mi nganepoxi de
c)Squal enemonooxy genaseisconsideredami xedfunct i
onoxidasebecausei t
cataly
zesar eacti
oninwhi chonlyoneoft heoxygenat omsofO2i sincorpor
atedinto
theorganicsubstr
ate.
d)Squalenemonooxy genaseusesr
educedf
lav
innucl
eot
ides(e.
g.FADH2)ast
he
cosubstrat
einthereacti
on
e)Squaleneisjoi
nedatcarbons1and30tofor
mt hef
usedringstr
uct
ureof
ster
ols

2.2)Whatistheprecursorforchol
est
erol
?
a)Mevalonate
b)HMG- CoA
c)Acetoacet
ylCoA
d)AcetylCoA
e)Dimethyl
all
ylpy
r ophosphate

2.3)Whi choft hefoll

owingst epsinthebiosynthesi
sofcholester
oli
sthekeyregul
ator
?
a)Thecondensat ionofacet oacet y
l-
CoAwi thamol ecul
eofacet y
l-
CoAtoyiel
d
-hydroxy-
methylgl
utaryl
-CoA( HMC-CoA)
b)Ther educt
ionofHMG- CoAt omev al
onate
c)Theconv er
si onofmev alonat etotwoact i
vatedisopr
enes
d)Thef ormati
onoff arnesyl pyrophosphate
e)Condensat ionofsi xactivatedisopreneunitstoform squal
ene
3.1)Whi choft hefoll
owingst epsinthebiosynthesi
sofcholester
oli
sthecommi t
ted
rateli
mitingstep?
a)Thecondensat ionofacet oacet y
l-
CoAwi thamol ecul
eofacet y
l-
CoAtoyiel
d
-hydroxy-
methylgl
utaryl
-CoA( HMC-CoA)
b)Ther educt
ionofHMG- CoAt omev al
onate
c)Theconv er
si onofmev alonat etotwoact i
vatedisopr
enes
d)Thef ormati
onoff arnesyl pyrophosphate
e)Condensat ionofsi xactivatedisopreneunitstoform squal
ene

3.2)Whatisthepr
ecur
sorf
orbi
l
esal
ts?
a)Mevalonate
b)HMG- CoA
c)Acetoacet
ylCoA
d)AcetylCoA
e)Cholester
ol

4)Chol
ester
olest
ersar
epackedintoVLDLsandsecretedfrom t
hehepat
ocyt
eint
othe
bl
oodtoreachti
ssuest
hatrequi
regreateramount
sofcholest
erolt
hancanbe
synt
hesi
zeddenovo.Theyhelpi
nthef ormat
ionofst
eroi
dhormones,cel
l
ular
membranes,andwhatvi
tamin?
a)A
b)D
c)E
d)K
e)C
5)Bacteri
aint hegut(colonicanerobes)____and___
_bil
esal
ts,
all
owi
ngt
hem t
obe
reabsor
bedandr emainint heenterohepat
iccir
cul
ati
on.
a)Conjugate;
Hy droxylate
b)Conjugate;
Dehy droxylate
c)Deconjugate;Hydroxylate
d)Deconjugate;Dehy droxylat
e

6.1)Whichoneofthef
oll
owi
ngapopr
otei
nsact
sasacof
act
oract
ivat
oroft
heenzy
me
l
ipoprot
einli
pase(
LPL)?
a)ApoC-II
I
b)ApoC- I
I
c)ApoB-100
d)ApoB-48
e)ApoE

6.2)Whi
choneoft hefol
l
owi ngsequencespl
acest
hel
i
popr
otei
nsi
ntheor
derofmost
densetol
eastdense?
a)HDL>VLDL>chy lomi
crons>LDL
b)HDL>LDL>VLDL>chy lomicrons
c)LDL>chyl
omi cr
ons>HDL>VLDL
d)VLDL>chy l
omicrons>LDL>HDL
e)LDL>chylomicr
ons>VLDL>HDL

6.3)Whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngdel
i
ver
sendogenousl
i
pidst
othel
i
verandi
sapr
ecur
sort
o
LDL?
a)Chyl
omicr
ons
b)Chyl
omicr
onremnant
s
c)VLDL
d)IDL
e)HDL

6.4)Whatistheroleofchylomicronsremnant
s?
a)Deli
verdiet
aryli
pids
b)Retur
nendogenousl ipi
dstot heli
ver
c)Retur
ndietaryli
pidst
ot heli
ver
d)Deli
verendogenouslipi
ds
e)Reversecholest
erolt
ransport

7.1)Whi
choft hefol
lowinghasarecept
oront
heplasmamembranecontai
ning
cl
ather
inforrecept
or-mediat
edendocyt
osi
sandconver
siont
ochol
est
erol?
a)Chyl
omi cr
ons
b)LDL
c)VLDL
d)IDL
e)HDL
7.2)Howmanymaj
orr
egi
onsar
eseeni
nthest
ruct
ureoft
heLDLr
ecept
or?
a)2
b)3
c)4
d)5
e)6

8.1)Apati
enti
sdiagnosedwithf
amil
ialhyper
cholest
erolemi
a(FH)t
ypeII
A,whi
chis
causedbygeneti
cdefectsint
hegenethatencodestheLDLrecept
or.Af
tert
est
ing,
therei
sanelevat
ioni
nwhi choft
hefoll
owingintheblood?
a)TG
b)Cholest
erol
c)PL

8.2)Apati
entwit
hexcesschy
lomi
cronswoul
dhav
eanel
evat
ioni
nwhi
choft
he
foll
owi
ngintheblood?
a)TG
b)Cholest
erol
c)PL

9)Wher edof oam cel lsf or

m dur i
ngat her
osclerosi
stodef ormt hevessel inwar d(l
umen)
andi ncreaset helikeli
hoodofacl ot?
a)Tuni caadv entit
ia
b)Tuni camedi a
c)Internal elasticlami na
d)Subi nt i
malspace
e)Endot heli
al cell
10.1)Oft hemaj orriskf actor
sf orthedev el
opmentofat herosclerot
iccar diovascular
disease( ASCVD)suchassedent aryli
festyl
e,obesi
ty,ci
garettesmoki ng,di abetes
mel l
itus,hy pertension, andhy perl
ipidemia,whichone,ifpresent,istheonl yr i
skfactori
n
agi v
enpat ientwi thoutahi st
oryofhav inghadamy ocardi
al i
nfarcti
ont hatr equir
esthat
thether apeut i
cgoal fort heserum LDLchol esterol
levelbe<100mg/ dL?
a)Obesi ty
b)Cigar et t
esmoki ng
c)Diabet esmel l
it
us
d)Hy per tension
e)Sedent arylifestyl
e

10.2)Ithasbeenrepor
tedthathighconcentrat
ionsofwhichofthefoll
owingcorr
elat
e
withani ncr
easedri
skofcoronaryart
erydisease,eveninpat
ientinwhom thel
ipi
d
profi
leisother
wisenor
mal,ast heycannotbeconv ert
edtoactiv
eplasmin?
a)HMG- CoA
b)HDL
c)VLDL
d)Lp(a)
e)Chy
lomi
crons

11)Cholesterol,
aprecursortomanyst
eroi
dhor
mones,
all
owst
hem t
o:
a)Dissol
vei nbloodplasma
b)Crossthebl ood-
brainbarr
ier
c)Actasanext r
acel
lularsi
gnal
d)Usecy t
ochr omeP450
e)Crossplasmamembr anes

12)Whatpr oducescholecal
cif
erol
int
heski
n,hy
droxy
lat
ing7-
dehy
drochol
est
erol
to
for
m activev i
taminD?
a)Insul
in
b)Glucagon
c)Freeradicals
d)UVl i
ght
e)Lipi
dsy nthesi
s

35–Met
abol
ism ofEi
cosanoi
ds

1.1)Whateicosanoidmet
abol
icenzymei
susedi
ntheconv
ersi
onofar
achi
doni
caci
dto
prostagl
andinsandthr
omboxanes?
a)Lipoxygenase
b)Cy cl
ooxygenase
c)PhospholipaseA2
d)Diacyl
glycerol
li
pase
e)Cy t
ochromeP450

1.
2)Inhumans, pr
ost
agl
andi
nsar
epr
imar
il
yder
ivedf
rom whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)Glucose
b)AcetylCoA
c)Arachidonicaci
d
d)Olei
caci d
e)Leukotri
enes

1.3)Whatei cosanoidmetabol
i
cenzy
mei
ninv
olv
edi
ntheconv
ersi
onofar
achi
doni
c
acidtol eukotr
ienes?
a)Lipoxy genase
b)Cy clooxygenase
c)Phosphol ipaseA2
d)Diacy lgl
yceroll
ipase
e)Cy tochromeP450

1.
4)Whateicosanoi
dmetabol
icreacti
oninv
olvescy
tochr
omeP450?
a)Ar
achi
donicacidtomembranephospholi
pid
b)Membranephosphol
ipi
dtoarachidoni
cacid
c)Ar
achi
donicacidtoepoxi
des
d)Ar
achi
doni
caci
dtopr
ostaglandi
ns
e)Ar
achi
doni
caci
dtol
eukotr
ienes

1.5)Whateicosanoi
dmet abolicreact
ioni
nvolvest
heenzy
mephosphol
i
paseA2?
a)Arachi
donicacidtomembr anephospholi
pid
b)Arachi
donicacidtoleukotr
ienes
c)Arachi
donicacidtoepoxides
d)Arachi
donicacidtoprostaglandins
e)Membr anephosphol i
pidtoar achi
doni
cacid

2.1)Aspi
rinwil
linhibi
twhi chofthefol
l
owi
ngr
eact
ionpat
hway
s?
a)Arachidoni
caci dtot hr
omboxanes
b)Arachi
donicacidt oleukotr
ienes
c)Arachi
donicacidt ophospholipi
ds
d)Linol
eictoarachidonicacid
e)AcetylCoAtol i
nolei
caci d

2.2)Whi chofthefol
l
owi
ngdrugsl
eadstothecov
alentmodi
fi
cat
ion,
andi
nact
ivat
ion
(blocking),
ofbothCOX-
1andCOX-2enzymes?
a)Aspi ri
n
b)Ty lenol
c)Cel ebrex
d)Vi oxx
e)Adv i
l

2.3)Gl ucocort
icoi
dswil
li
nhi
bitwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
eact
ionenzy
mes?
a)Cy tochromeP450
b)Cy clooxygenase
c)Diacy lgl
yceroll
i
pase
d)Phosphol i
paseA2
e)Lipoxy genase

3.1)Alphanamingofphosphogl
andi
nsisbasedont hei
rri
ngconfi
gur
ati
onand
substi
tuents.AnE-
ser
iesphosphogl
andi
n(ri
ngwi t
hOHanddoubl ebondedO)has
doublebondsbetweencarbons13and14(trans)
,5and6( ci
s),
and17and18( ci
s).
Howwoul dthi
sbenamed?
a)PGE1
b)PGE2
c)PGE3
d)PGE4
e)PGE6

3.2)HowwouldanF-ser
iesphosphoglandi
nbenamedi
fthehydroxy
lgr
oupatcar
bon9
primar
il
yexist
edint
heposit
ionandt her
ewer
etwounsat
urat
edbondsal
ongthe
l
inearport
ionoft
hehydr
ocarbonchain?
a)PGF2
b)PGF
c)PGF4
d)PGF2
e)PGF2

4)Whatprost
agl
andi
nser
iesdof
ishoi
l
sandot
heromega-
3fat
tyaci
dsgi
ver
iset
o?
a)Ser
ies1
b)Ser
ies2
c)Ser
ies3
d)Ser
ies2
e)Ser
ies2

5.1)ThromboxaneA2, whichisf oundinhi

ghlevel
si npl
atel
ets,
aidsi
nwoundr
epai
r
throughinducti
onofwhichoft hef ol
l
owingacti
vit
ies?
a)Inhibit
sCOX- 2geneexpression
b)Inhibit
sCOX- 1geneexpression
c)Vasoconst ri
cti
on
d)Vasodi l
ati
on
e)Br onchodi
lat
ion

5.2)Cer tainprostagl
andins,whenbindi
ngtotheirr
eceptor,
induceanincreasein
i
nt r
acel l
ularcalci
um level
s.Thesignalt
hatleadstotheelevat
ionofi
ntracell
ularcal
cium
i
si ni
tiatedbywhi chofthefoll
owingenzymes?
a)Prot einkinaseA
b)Phosphol i
paseC
c)Phosphol ipaseA2
d)Pr oteinkinaseC
e)Cy cloox ygenase

5.3)Whichofthefol
l
owi
ngwoul
ddecr
easepl
atel
etaggr
egat
ion,
incr
easecAMP,
and
causevasodil
ati
on?
a)Prostagl
andins
b)Leukotri
enes
c)Thromboxanes

5.4)Whichofthef ol
lowingisNOTaf
unct
ionofl
eukot
ri
enes?
a)Incr
easevascularper meabi
li
ty
b)Incr
easeT-cellproli
fer
ati
on
c)Incr
easeleukocy t
eaggregati
on
d)Bronchoconstr
icti
on
e)Vascoconstri
ction

38–FateofAminoAcidNi
trogen:UreaCycle
1.
1)Themajorr
egul
atedst
epoft heureacycl
eiswhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
a)Carbamoy lphosphat esynthet
aseI
b)Orni
thinetranscarbamoy l
ase
c)Argi
ninosuccinatesynthetase
d)Argi
ninosuccinatelyase
e)Argi
nase

1.
2)Whatar et
hetwodi
rectsour
cesofni
tr
ogen(
ami
noaci
ds)i
nthecr
eat
ionofur
ea?
a)Aspart
ateandNH3
b)Glut
amateandNH3
c)Aspart
ateandNH4+
d)Glut
amateandNH4+

2.1)Thenitr
ogensi nureaaredirectl
yderi
vedf
rom whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcompounds?
a)Ornit
hineandcar bamoy lphosphate
b)Ornit
hineandaspar tate
c)Ornit
hineandglutamat e
d)Carbamoy lphosphat eandaspar t
ate
e)Carbamoy lphosphateandgl utamine
f)Aspart
ateandgl utamine

2.2)Int hefast
ingst
ate,
glut
aminei
nthekidneyyiel
dsNH3andexcret
esNH4+i
ntot
he
urine.Whatami noacidi
screat
edaswell
thattranspor
tst
othel
iver
?
a)Al anine
b)Ar ginine
c)Aspar agi
ne
d)Gl ycine
e)Val i
ne

3)Whichoft hefollowingisNOTabi
ochemi
cal
react
ionf
orr
emov
alofni
tr
ogenf
rom
aminoaci ds?
a)Glutamat eto- ketoglut
arat
e
b)Histi
dinet ourocanat e
c)Seri
net opy ruvate
d)Glutami netoaspar agi
ne
e)Threoninet o- ketobuty
rate

4)Pyridoxalphosphate,
whichi
srequi
redf
ort
ransami
nat
ions,
isal
sor
equi
redf
orwhi
ch
ofthef ol
lowingpathways?
a)Glycolysi
s
b)Gluconeogenesis
c)Glycogenol y
sis
d)TCAcy cl
e
e)Fattyacidoxidati
on

5)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sNOTasy
mpt
om ofPLP(
Vit
ami
nB6)def
ici
ency
?
a)Dermatit
is
b)Hypothyroi
dism
c)Microcyt
ichypochr
omi
canemi
a
d)Weakness
e)I
rri
tabil
i
ty

6)Whichofthefol
lowingisNOTar eactionthatpr
oducesammoni
aint
hebody
?
a)Bacter
iainthel
umenoft heGItractreacttofor
m ammonia
b)Deaminati
onofcertai
nami noacids
c)Thepurinenucl
eoti
decycl einmuscle
d)Thepurinenucl
eoti
decy cleinthebrain
e)Thepurinenucl
eoti
decy cleintheliver

7.
1)Whi choneoft hef oll
owingenzymescanf
ixammoni
aint
oanor
gani
cmol
ecul
e?
a)Al
anine-pyruv
ateami notr
ansf
erase
b)Gl
utami nase
c)Gl
utamat edehy drogenase
d)Ar
ginase
e)Ar
gininosuccinatesy nt
hetase

7.2)Whyi sammoni aabsorbedbyt heintest

inenotimmediat
elyt
oxi
c?
a)Itparti
cipatesi
nt heglutaminetoglutamater eact
ion
b)Itentersthepurinenucleoti
decy cl
e
c)Itparti
cipatesi
nt heasparaginestoaspartatereacti
on
d)Itisbrokendownbybact er
iatourea
e)Theintestinalwalli
snotper meabletoammoni aions

8)Whatf or
m doesni
tr
ogent
akewhenexcr
etedbyt
heki
dneycel
l
s?
a)Urine
b)Glutamate
c)Fumer at
e
d)RBCs
e)Lymph

9)Ammonium ion(NH4+)canbeconv ertedintoammoni a(

NH3)atapKof9.
3.Thi
sis
i
mportanti
nreducingt
heacidit
yofurine.Atar oundphy
siol
ogi
cal
pH,whi
chofthe
fol
l
owingistr
ue?
a)NH4+is10timesmor econcentr
atedthanNH3
b)NH4+is100t i
mesmor econcentratedt hanNH3
c)NH3is10timesmor econcentr
atedthanNH4+
d)NH3is100t i
mesmor econcentr
atedthanNH4+
e)NH3is1000t i
mesmor econcentr
atedt hanNH4+

10)Whyarebloodlev
elsofal
ani
neandgl
utami
nemuchhi
ghert
hanconcent
rat
ionsof
otherami
noacids?
a)Theydonat
eammoni amostreadi
l
y
b)Theyfor
m -
ketobut
y r
ate
c)Theyf
orm -
ketogl
uterat
e
d)Theycarr
yni
trogentotheli
ver
e)Theyf
orm ur
eaintheGItract

11)Whi chofthefol
lowing,whichcoor
dinat
elyf
unnelaminogroupsint
ourea,
is
part
icular
lyimport
anttothekidneywhereNH4+i sexcr
eteddi
rectl
yint
otheuri
ne?
a)Ami notr
ansfer
ase
b)Glutamatedehydrogenase
c)Glutaminase

12)Dur i
ngexerci
sewhenthemuscleusesblood-
borneglucose,whatami
noaci
dis
pyr
uv ateconvert
edt
owiththehel
pofglutamateand-ketoglut
erat
e?
a)Valine
b)Arginine
c)Glycine
d)Aspar agi
ne
e)Alanine

13)Wit
htheaddi ti
onofNH4+andt heuseofNADPH,whichoft
hefoll
owi
ngr
eact
ions
woul
dusegl utamatedehy dr
ogenaseinstepst
ori
dthebodyoftoxi
cammoni
atourine?
a)-
ketogluterat
etoGlutamate
b)-
ketogluter
atetoGlutamine
c)-
ketogl
ut er
atetoUrea
d)Gl
utamat eto-ket
ogluter
ate
e)Gl
utaminet o-ket
ogluter
ate

14.
1)Inwhatformsdoesni
tr
ogenent
ert
heur
eacy
cle?
a)Aspart
ateandNH3
b)Glut
amateandNH3
c)Aspart
ateandNH4+
d)Glut
amateandNH4+
e)Bi
carbonat
eandNH4+

14.
2)Whi chofthef ol
l
owingi
sNOTani
nter
medi
ateoft
heur
eacy
cle?
a)Ci
trulli
ne
b)Alanine
c)Argi
ninosuccinat
e
d)Carbomoy lphosphate
e)Ornit
hine

14.
3)Whatistheroleofn-
acet
ylgl
utamat
e(NAG)i
ntheur
eacy
cle?
a)Act
ivat
eglut
amat e
b)Act
ivat
eacetylCoA
c)Act
ivat
eargi
nine
d)Act
ivat
eCPSI
e)Act
ivat
eor
nit
hinet
ranscar
bamoy
lase

15)Whichoft hefoll
owingenzymesiff
oundi
nthebloodwoul
dNOTi
ndi
cat
eli
ver
damage( astheyleakedfrom t
heli
vert
othebl
ood)
?
a)Totalbil
i
rubin
b)ALT
c)AST
d)Alkal
i
nephosphat ase
e)CPK

16)Neuraltoxi
ci
tyofNH4+i sduetodepl
eti
onofTCAcy
clei
nter
medi
atesandwhi
chof
thefol
lowinginthecent
ral
nervoussyst
em?
a)Ca++
b)ATP
c)cGMP
d)Calmodulin
e)AcetylCoA

17)Whenwoul dnit
rogensecr etioni nureabet hehighest
?
a)Af
terameal highincarbohy drates
b)Af
terameal highintr
iacyl
gl ycerides
c)Af
teramixedmeal ,30mi nut esaf terexer
cising
d)12hour
si nt
ot hefasti
ngst at e
e)6weeksintothefasti
ngst ate

19)Whichoft hef ol
l
owingwouldNOTbeat
reat
mentopt
ionf
ordi
sor
der
sofammoni
a
removalandur easynthesis?
a)Highpr ot
eindiet
b)Massiveargininesupplement
ati
on
c)Benzoidacid
d)Phenylbutyr
ate
e)Genetherapy

39–Sy
nthesi
sandDegr
adat
ionofAmi
noAci
ds

1.1)Whichoft hefoll
owingnutr
it
ional
l
yessent
ial
ami
noaci
dsar
erequi
redf
orgr
owt
h,
especial
lyinchil
dren?
a)Argini
neandhi sti
dine
b)Tryptophanandl ysi
ne
c)Met hi
onineandpheny lal
ani
ne
d)Threonineandv ali
ne
e)Leucineandi sol
eucine

1.
2)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngnut
ri
ti
onal
l
yessent
ial
ami
noaci
dsar
econsi
der
edsol
ely
ket
ogeni c(notgl
ucogeni c)
?
a)Argini
neandv ali
ne
b)Tryptophanandi soleuci
ne
c)Met hi
onineandpheny l
alani
ne
d)Threonineandhi st
idine
e)Leucineandl y
sine

2.1)Thedegr adationofaminoaci
dscanbeclassif
iedint
ofamil
i
es,whicharenamed
aftertheendpr oductofthedegr
adat
ionpat
hway .Whichofthef
oll
owingissuchanend
product?
a)Citrat
e
b)Gl y
ceraldehyde-3-
phosphat
e
c)Fructose-6-phosphat
e
d)Mal ate
e)Succinyl-CoA

2.2)Whi choft hefol

lowi
ngaminoacidsi
sNOTassoci
atedwi
thcof
act
orspr
opi
ony
l
CoA, met hylmalonyl
CoA,andsucci
nylCoA.
a)Valine
b)Threoni ne
c)Aspar tate
d)Isoleucine
e)Met hionine

2.3)Whatcofact
ori
sdir
ect
lyneededf
orl
euci
nemet
abol
i
sm?
a)Propi
onylCoA
b)Methyl
malonylCoA
c)Succi
nylCoA
d)HMGCoA
e)Acety
lCoA

3.1)Af ol
icaciddef i
ciencywoul di nt
erferewit
hthesy
nthesi
sofwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng
aminoaci dsfrom thei ndi
catedpr ecursors?
a)Aspar t
atefrom oxal oacet
at eandgl utamate
b)Glutamat efrom glucoseandammoni a
c)Glycinefrom glucoseandal anine
d)Prolinefrom glut
amat e
e)Serinefrom glucoseandal anine

3.2)Whatami noaci
ddocertai
ntumorcel
l
sneedt
ogr
ow,
thusmaki
ngt
heami
noaci
d
enzymeanant i-
tumoragent
?
a)Argini
ne
b)Asparagine
c)Methionine
d)Threonine
e)Leuci
ne

3.3)Whi chofthefol
l
owingaminoaci
ddegr
adat
ionpat
hwaydi
sor
der
swoul
dleadt
o
renalf
ailureduetostonefor
mati
on?
a)Pheny lal
ani
ne
b)Tyrosine
c)Met hioni
ne
d)Glycine
e)Branched-chainaminoaci
ds

4)Whi chofthefol
l
owingisNOTanami noaci
dthatcanbemadef
rom and/
or
metabol i
zedbacktogl
ycol
yti
cint
ermediat
es?
a)Threonine
b)Alanine
c)Cysteine
d)Glycine
e)Serine

5)Whichoft hefoll
owingi
sNOTanami
noaci
dthatcanbemadef
rom,
ormet
abol
i
zed
to,
citr
icacidcycleint
ermedi
ates?
a)Prol
ine
b)Aspartat
e
c)Argi
nine
d)Histi
dine
e)Glut
amat e

6)Whichami noaci
disconsi
deredessent
ial
inchi
l
drenbecauset
heycannotgener
ate
anadequat eamountv
iatheur
eacy cl
e?
a)Hi
stidine
b)Gl
utami ne
c)Ar
ginine
d)Pr
oline
e)Gl
utamat e

7)Homocy sti
nur
iai
scausedbydef
ici
enci
esi
nenzy
mest
hatar
eresponsi
blef
or
metabol i
sm ofwhataminoaci
d?
a)Pheny lal
ani
ne
b)Tyrosine
c)Met hioni
ne
d)Glycine
e)Alanine

8.1)I
fani ndi
vi
dualhasav i
tami
nB6defici
ency,
whichofthef
oll
owi
ngami
noaci
ds
couldsti
l
l besynt
hesizedandbeconsi
derednonessent
ial
?
a)Ty r
osine
b)Seri
ne
c)Al
anine
d)Cyst
ein
e)Aspart
ate

8.2)Homocy
sti
nur i
aandmacr
ocy
ticanemi
acanbecausedbydef
ici
enci
esi
nwhi
ch
vi
tamins?
a)B12andB6( pyridoxi
ne)
b)B12andB7( biot i
n)
c)B7andB9(folat e)
d)AandB3(niacin)
e)B12andB9( folate)

9)Whatt y
peofaminoaci
dsaccumulat
eandar
eexcr
etedi
ntot
heur
inegi
vi
ngabur
nt
sugarodorinmaplesy
rupur
inedi
sease?
a)Acidi
c
b)Basic
c)Neutral
d)Branched-
chai
n
e)Aromatic

10)Anewbor ninfanthasel ev
atedl
evel
sofphenyl
alanineandpheny
lpy
ruv
atei
nher
bl
ood.Whi choft hef oll
owi ngenzymesmightbedef
icienti
nthi
sbaby?
a)Pheny l
alani
nedehy drogenase
b)Pheny l
alani
neoxi dase
c)Dihydropter
idinereduct ase
d)Tyrosinehydroxy l
ase
e)Tetrahydrof
olatesy nthase

11)Ket ogeni cami noaci dshaveacarbonskelet

onthati
scataboli
zedtoacetyl
CoAor
acetoacet ate,whichcanent ert
hepat
hwayofket onebodysynthesi
sintheli
ver.Whi
ch
ofthef oll
owi ngisNOTasetofami noacidsthatar
econsider
edketogenic?
a)Pheny l
alanineandt yrosi
ne
b)Met hionineandv ali
ne
c)Threoni neandl y sine
d)Leuci neandi soleuci ne
e)Tryptophan

41–Pur
ineandPy
rimi
dineSy
nthesi
s

1)Whichoft hefol
lowingisNOTadi sorderassoci
atedwi
thpur
ineand/
orpy
rimi
dine
metaboli
sm?
a)Heredi
taryoroti
caciduri
a
b)Porphyri
a
c)Lesch-
Ny hansyndrome
d)Adenosinedeami nasedefi
ciency(SCI
D)
e)Puri
nenucl eosi
dephosphory l
asedefi
ciency
2)Whichoft hefol
lowingisNOTaf unct
ionofnucl
eot
ides?
a)DNAandRNApr ecursors
b)Metaboli
callost
ericregulat
ors
c)Decreasebloodgl ucose
d)Form str
uctural
moi eti
esoncoenzymes
e)Workinener gymet abol
ism

3)Whatarethet womaj orsi

tesofdenov
osy
nthesi
sofpur
ines?
a)Li
verandkidney
b)Li
verandintestines
c)Li
verandgallbladder
d)Li
verandpancr eas
e)Li
verandbrain

4)Whichofthefoll
owingfol
atespr
ovi
desacar
bont
wicei
nther
eact
iont
oIMPf
or
puri
nesynthesi
s?
a)FH4
b)N10-f
ormy lFH4
c)N5,N10-methenylFH4
d)N5,N10-methyl
eneFH4
e)N5-methylFH4

5)Whichoft hefol
l
owingcel
l
susessal
vageoff
reebasesasi
tsmaj
orf
orm of
nucl
eotidegenerat
ion?
a)Lymphocy tes
b)RBCs
c)Neurons
d)Osteoclasts
e)Nephr oncell
s

6)Whi chofthefol
lowi
ngcelltypesi
smostaf
fect
edi
npat
ient
swi
thadef
ici
encyi
n
puri
nenucleosidephosphor
ylaseact
ivi
ty?
a)RBCs
b)Eosinophi
ls
c)B-cell
s
d)T-cell
s
e)Naturalki
l
lercel
ls

7)Whichofthefoll
owingfol
atesf
ormsdTMPwi
thgl
utami
nef
orpy
rimi
dinesy
nthesi
s?
a)FH4
b)N10-f
ormylFH4
c)N5,N10-methenylFH4
d)N5,N10-methyleneFH4
e)N5-
met hyl
FH4
8)Howarenucleoti
debasest
ranspor
tedt
hrought
hebodyt
oot
hercel
l
ulardest
inat
ions?
a)Vi
aneurons
b)Vi
alymphv essel
s
c)Vi
aRBCs
d)Vi
awhi t
ebloodcell
s
e)Vi
ali
pidsinplasma

9.1)Whatar
ethepr ecur
sor
sofpur
inepr
oduct
ion?
a)PRPPandgl utamine
b)PRPPandgly ci
ne
c)PRPPandaspar tat
e
d)RSPandglutamine
e)RSPandglycine

9.2)Inpy r
imidinepr oduct
ion,UTP___
_andPRPP_ _
__act
ivi
tyoft
hei
nit
ial
stepf
rom
gl
ut amine+CO2+2ATPt ocarbamoylphosphat
e.
a)Increases;Increases
b)Decr eases;Decr eases
c)Increases;Decr eases
d)Decr eases;Increases

10)Her edi
tar yorot
icacidur
iainvolv
esadefecti
ntheUMPsynt
hasegene,r
esult
ingi
n
i
nabil
itytosy nthesizepyri
midines.Whichoft
hefol
lowi
ngi
samajorcl
ini
calsymptom of
thi
sdisease?
a)Painfuljoints
b)Lossofi mmunesy st
em
c)Parti
al l
ossofi mmunesy st
em
d)Ment alretardati
onandsel f
-mutil
ati
on
e)Growt hr etar
dation

11)Whichofthefoll
owi ngmusthappent
other
ibosemoi
etyf
orDNAsy
nthesi
s?
a)I
tmustbeoxi di
zed
b)Itmustbereduced
c)I
tmustbepol ymerized
d)Itmustbecatabol
ized
e)I
tmustbest abi
li
zed

12.
1)Gout( overl
oadofuricaci
dinthebody)canr
esul
tfr
om ar
educt
ioni
nact
ivi
tyof
whichoneoft hefoll
owingenzymes?
a)Glutaminephosphor i
bosylamidot
ransf
erase
b)Glucose6- phosphatase
c)Glucose6- phosphatedehydr
ogenase
d)PRPPsy nthetase
e)Purinenucl eosi
dephosphoryl
ase

12.
2)Al
l
opur
inol
canbeusedt
otr
eatgoutbecauseofi
tsabi
l
ityt
oinhi
bitwhi
choneof
thefoll
owingreacti
ons?
a)AMPt oXMP
b)Xanthinetouricacid
c)Inosi
net ohypoxant
hine
d)IMPt oXMP
e)XMPt oGMP

12.
3)Pat i
ent swit
hgoutshoul
dav oi
deatingf
oodcontai
ningpuri
nesasiti
ncr
easesur
ic
aci
df or
mat i
on.Whichofthef
oll
owingisamajorcl
i
nicalsymptom ofgout
?
a)Painfuljoint
s
b)Lossofi mmunesy st
em
c)Parti
allossofimmunesy st
em
d)Mental retar
dati
onandself
-mutil
ati
on
e)Growthr etar
dati
on

13.1)Lesch-Nyhansy
ndr
omei
scausedbyani
nabi
l
ityt
ocat
aly
zewhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng
reacti
ons?
a)Adeninet oAMP
b)Adenosi net
oAMP
c)Guaninet oGMP
d)Guanosi net
oGMP
e)Thymi netoTMP
f)ThymidinetoTMP

13.
2)Whichgenei sdefect
ivei
npat
ient
swithLesch-
Nyhansy
ndr
ome?
a)Mult
ipl
e
b)Adenosi
nedeami nase
c)Puri
nenucleosi
dephosphoryl
ase
d)Hypoxant
hine-guani
nephosphori
bosyl
tr
ansfer
ase
e)UMPsy nt
hase

42–I
nter
ti
ssueRel
ati
onshi
psi
ntheMet
abol
ism ofAmi
noAci
ds

1)Whi chofthefol
lowi
ngismostr
esponsi
blef
oraf
fect
ingt
hesi
zeandt
urnov
err
ateof
thef
r eeaminoacidpool?
a)Hear t
b)Brain
c)Li
v er
d)Kidneys
e)Skeletalmuscle

2.1)Whi
choft
hefol
l
owi
ngpr
ofi
lesi
ndicat
ednextwoul
doccurwi
thi
ntwohour
saf
ter
eati
ngamealver
yhi
ghi
npr
otei
nandlowincarbohy
drat
es?
Bl
oodgl
ucagon Li
vergl
uconeogenesi
s BCAAoxi
dat
ioni
nmuscl
e
a)DownDownUp
b)UpDownUp
c)DownUpUp
d)UpUpUp
e)DownDownDown

2.
2)Dur i
ngthefast
ingst
ate,
all
oft
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
ovi
deami
noaci
dst
othel
i
ver
EXCEPT:
a)Skelet
almuscle
b)Brain
c)RBCs
d)Gut
e)Kidneys

3)Inthepost absorpti
vestat
e,glucagon_
___t
heact
ivi
tyofami
noaci
ddegr
adat
ionand
___
_t heact i
vi
tyofgluconeogenesis.
a)Increases;Incr
eases
b)Decr eases;Decrease
c)I
ncr eases;Decreases
d)Decr eases;I
ncreases

4)Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sregul
atedbygl
utamat
einmai
ntai
ningbl
oodpH?
a)HCO3-
b)NH4+
c)H+
d)Na+
e)HPO4-

5)Glutami neisusedasfuelbyt
heki
dneyinthenormalfedstat
eandmoreimportant
ly
dur
ingf astingandmetaboli
caci
dosi
s.Gl
ycogenfrom t
hekidneyismost
lyused:
a)I
nt hebr ain
b)ByRBCs
c)I
nt heliver
d)Byt hehear t
e)I
nt her enalmedull
a

6.1)Thesi gnalt
hatindi
cat
est
omuscl
ethatpr
otei
ndegr
adat
ionneedst
obei
nit
iat
edi
s
whichoft hefoll
owing?
a)Insuli
n
b)Glucagon
c)Epinepher i
ne
d)Cor t
isol
e)Glucose

6.
2)Br
anchedchai
nami
noaci
dsf
rom skel
etal
muscl
ear
etr
anspor
tedt
othel
i
veras
whatami noaci
d?
a)Tyrosine
b)Serine
c)Alanine
d)Cysteine
e)Aspar t
ate

7)Duringfasti
ng,
whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
samaj
orf
uel
oft
hegut
?
a)Glucose
b)Alanine
c)Aspar t
ate
d)Glutamate
e)Glutamine

8.
1)Thegutusesgl utamineasanenergysource,butcanalsosecret
ecit
rul
li
ne,
synthesi
zedfrom t
hecarbonsofglut
ami ne.Whi
choft hefol
lowingcompoundsisan
obli
gatoryi
ntermedi
ateintheconv
ersion(consi
deronlythecarbonatomsofglut
amine
whil
eanswer ingt
hequestion)
?
a)Aspartat
e
b)SuccinylCoA
c)Glutamate
d)Serine
e)Fumer at
e

8.2)Theskelet
almuscl esconvertBCAAcarbonstogl
utamineforexportt
ot her
estof
thebody.Anobligatoryinter
mediate,
whichcar
ri
escarbonsori
ginal
lyfr
om theBCAA,i
n
theconversi
onofBCAAt oglut
amine,i
swhichofthef
ollowi
ng?
a)Urea
b)Pyruvate
c)Lactate
d)Isocit
rate
e)Phosphoenolpyruvate

8.3)Whatistheroleofglutaminei
nthebr
ain?
a)Nit
rogentransporter
b)Neurotr
ansmi t
tersynthesi
s
c)Neurot
ransmitterdegradat
ion
d)BCAAf ormati
on
e)AandB
f)CandD

9)Whichoft hef ol
lowingi sNOTt rueregar
dingami noaci
dmet
abol
i
sm dur
inga
hyper
catabolicstate(surgery,burns,t
rauma, st
ress)?
a)Decreasedpr oteinsynthesisinskel
etalmuscle
b)Positi
venitrogenbal ance
c)Acceler
atedpr oteinturnoverrate
d)Protei
ndegradat
ionincreased
e)Oxidat
ionofBCAAi ncreased