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DNA Replication - lesson plan

bachelor of technical teacher education (Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges)

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SCHOOL GRADE LEVEL

TEACHER LEARNING AREA
DATE AND TIME QUARTER

I. OBJECTIVES
A. CONTENT STANDARDS The learners demonstrate an understanding of the
information stored in DNA as being used to make
proteins, how changes in a DNA molecule may cause
changes in its product and mutations that occur in sex
cells being heritable.
B. CONTENT STANDARDS
C. LEARNING The learners can able to explain how protein is made
COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES using information from DNA.
S10LT-IIId-37

OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe DNA Replication.
2. Identify the key players in DNA Replication.
3. Explain the process of DNA Replication.
II. CONTENT UNIT III: LIVING THINGS AND THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
MODULE 2: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
TOPIC: DNA REPLICATION
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. REFERENCES
1. Learners Material p. 268-272
2. Teachers Guide p. 195-199
3. Additional materials from the
Internet
B. OTHER Projector and PowerPoint Presentation
LEARNING RESOURCES
IV. PROCEDURE TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS ACTIVITY
1. Preliminaries
Good Morning, Class! Good Morning, Ma’am.

Please arrange your chairs and pick (the students arrange their
up the pieces of dirt on the floor. chairs and pick up some dirt on
the floor)

Okay that’s enough. Settle down. Thank you, Ma’am.

A. ELICIT Before anything else let’s have a quick
review regarding to our previous topic.

Lat meeting we discussed about DNA

and RNA.

What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

How about RNA? Ribonucleic Acid

Very good. What is the structure of DNA? Double Helix

Very good.. DNA has four nucleotide

Adenine, Thymine,Guanine and
Cytosine.

Adenine bonds with? Thymine

Very good. How about Guanine. What Cytosine

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nucleotide bonds with Guanine?

Very good. Class when you heard the

word replication, what comes in to
your mind? What you know about
replication?

Using the semantic map, write terms

phrases that have something to do COPY REPLICA
about replication. Who can give
words or phrases that have
REPLICATION
something to do about the
replication?
PROCESS DUPICATE

Using the given words in the diagram The process of making copies.
try to describe what is replication.

Okay, DNA replication is the process

of making copies. When DNA
replicates, two identical copies of
DNA molecules are produced, which
are exactly the same as the original.

B. ENGAGE ACTIVITY TITLE: 4 PICS 1 WORD

Okay now let’s play a game called 4 Pics

1word. I will present you with four pictures
and then you are going to guess what
specific word fits with theme of the
photo presented.

A S P N
B D O E
First photo presented. DNA

R A E A T S I
Second photo presented.
P E D C M L L
Okay, what do you think is the idea
behind the pictures I flashed earlier?
REPLICATE
This morning we will explore how
DNA replicates. Before that lets have The idea behind the pictures

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an activity first. that you have flashed earlier is

related to our topic which is
DNA REPLICATION.

C. EXPLORE For our next activity, I will group the

class into five groups to perform the
activity entitled “DNA MAKES DNA”

Each group will perform the activity

and answer the guide questions.
After that, one representative of each
group will present their work to class.

ACTIVITY TITLE:
DNA MAKES DNA

OBJECTIVES:
 Make a model of a DNA template
to determine the sequence of
bases in the new DNA strand.

MATERIALS:
 crayons
 scissors
 paste/tape
 1/4 size illustration board or long
size folder

PROCEDURE:
1. Use the patterns of the
components of the DNA provided by
your teacher. Color code phosphate
= blue, deoxyribose sugar = green
and nitrogenous bases as follows:
adenine = yellow, thymine = pink,
guanine = violet and cytosine = red.

2. Cut out the shapes of each

nucleotide.

3. Build a model of a strand of a DNA

molecule. The strand should contain
6 base "rungs" following the given
order of the nucleotides below.
Guanine Adenine Cytosine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine

4. Tape the cut out pattem to form the

nucleotides.

5. Let this arrangement represent the

left half of your DNA molecule.

6. Make a complementary strand for

the first strand that you made in step.

7. Tape the cut-out pattern forming

nucleotides for the second strand of

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the DNA molecule.

8. Match the bases of the first strand

and the second strand. Do not tape
across bases.

9. Once you have made your DNA

model, separate the two strands of
the DNA model down the middle so
that there are now two single strands
of DNA.

10. Create new double-stranded DNA

by matching complementary
nucleotides to the bases on each
single strand.

11. Tape and then cut out the pattern

forming the nucleotides for each of
the single nucleotides.

12. When you are finished, mount

the original DNA model and the DNA
model with its complementary strand
in the illustration board or folder.

Guide Questions:
Q4. Compare the two new strands of
DNA. Are they the same or different?
Why?
Q5. How do the nucleotides in DNA
pair?
Q6. How do you compare a DNA
molecule to a zipper?
Q7. How is information from the DNA
passed on from one cell to another?
Q8. How does the structure of a DNA
molecule help account for the great
variety of life that exists on earth?

D. EXPLAIN (After 15 minutes)

Are you done answering the activity

class?

Okay! Let’s start. Group number 1, (presentation of outputs)

please present your work. Next group
please prepare.
E. ELABORATE Let us come now to the discussion of
our topic.

As you can see on this picture it is

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the summary of what happens in

DNA Replication.

What do we need to remember for

DNA replication?
In DNA replication, two identical
DNA molecules are produced.
Replication is similar to duplication.
What does it mean? It means that from one strand
of DNA it would become two
strands which are identical to
another.
Very good. However the process is
semi-conservative.

In this process we have what we

called key players. When we say These are molecules that
enzymes what is it? speed up the rate of chemical
reaction.
You need this enzymes in order to do
something to DNA.

Remember in our discussion of the

difference between DNA and RNA,
the nitrogenous bases in DNA are
glued together using what we call
hydrogen bonds and it is nearly
impossible for hydrogen bonds to be
cut or to be separated from one
another without using this enzymes.

What are those key players in DNA

Replication? We have helicase, primase,
DNA polymase and we have
ligase.
Again, for DNA replication you start
with a parent strand and you come
up with two daughters strand which
are identical to each other.

The DNA splits into two separate

strands. What causes the split? It is the enzyme helicase that
causes the split.
The helicase is the unzippng
enzymes hydrogen bonds in between
the nitrogenous base, which are
adenine, thymine, guanine and
cytosine.

After that, we can see that the

different nitrogenous bases attach to
each strands basis and that enzyme
is called primase.

Why do we call it primase?

It is the initializer that gives or
serves the starting point for
DNA replication.
Now, the one that build nitrogenous
base to form new DNA strand is what
we called DNA Polymase.

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Why do we called it DNA Polymase?

It is an enzyme that replicate
DNA to build a new strand.
And offcourse we need to glue the
nitrogenous base, what do we call by We call the gluer the enzyme
that? ligase, it is an enzyme which
connects two strands of DNA
together.
When the pairing is done, what
happens is that the DNA coils back
again and afterwards there will be a
new two copies of the original DNA.

Here I have s short DNA strand which

we’ll be using as an example for DNA
Replication.

Again, DNA is double stranded.

What will happen during DNA

replication? During DNA replication the
DNA unzips so what happens is
that new nitrogenous bases
would attach to the strands that
unzipped.

What do you think would be the

nitrogenous bases that will appear
here?

Now, after DNA replication we have

two daughter strands.

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DAUGHTERS
STRAND

And if we compare the base pairing

with the original strand we can see
that they are just the same.

The only difference is that one part of

each daughters strand would be
coming from the old or the original
strand and another part would be a
new strand.

This is what we meant by saying

semi-conservative during the start of
our discussion.
It is the process of making
Again class, what is DNA replication? copies of DNA.

It insures that all body cell must

carry the same genetic material
and that instructions are copied
exactly for the next generation.

When DNA replicates, two identical

copies of DNA molecules are
produced, which are exactly the
same as the original.

F. EVALUATE Class, please get one-fourth sheet of

paper for we will have a short
assessment of what you have
learned today. Please keep your
notes, books and other unrelated
materials on your desk. Only your
pen and paper needed.

TEST I: IDENTIFICATION
Direction:Identify the answer to the
questions being asked.

1. It is a pieces of making copies

of DNA.
2. These are molecules that
speed up the rate of chemical
reaction.
3. The unzipping enzymes
hydrogen bonds in between
the nitrogenous base.
4. It is the initials that gives or
serves the starting point for

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DNA Replication.
5. It is an enzyme that replicate
DNA to build a new strand.

TEST II: EXPLANATION

1. What is DNA Replication? (2

points)
2. Explain how DNA Replication
works. (3 points)
G. EXTEND Please get your notebook and write
your assignment.

1. In a whole sheet of paper, write

the importance of DNA
Replication.
V. REMARKS

VI.REFLECTION

PREPARED BY:
KHYEA V. SANCHEZ

CHECKED BY:
DOMINADOR O. TEMPROSA JR.
COOPERATING TEACHER

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ACTIVITY NO. 2 DNA MAKES DNA

OBJECTIVES:
 Make a model of a DNA template to determine the sequence of bases in the
new DNA strand.

MATERIALS:
 crayons
 scissors
 paste/tape
 1/4 size illustration board or long size folder

PROCEDURE:
13. Use the patterns of the components of the DNA provided by your teacher.
Color code phosphate = blue, deoxyribose sugar = green and nitrogenous bases
as follows: adenine = yellow, thymine = pink, guanine = violet and cytosine = red.

14. Cut out the shapes of each nucleotide.

15. Build a model of a strand of a DNA molecule. The strand should contain 6
base "rungs" following the given order of the nucleotides below. Guanine Adenine
Cytosine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

16. Tape the cut out pattem to form the nucleotides.

17. Let this arrangement represent the left half of your DNA molecule.

18. Make a complementary strand for the first strand that you made in step.

19. Tape the cut-out pattern forming nucleotides for the second strand of the DNA
molecule.

20. Match the bases of the first strand and the second strand. Do not tape across
bases.

21. Once you have made your DNA model, separate the two strands of the DNA
model down the middle so that there are now two single strands of DNA.

22. Create new double-stranded DNA by matching complementary nucleotides to

the bases on each single strand.

23. Tape and then cut out the pattern forming the nucleotides for each of the
single nucleotides.

24. When you are finished, mount the original DNA model and the DNA model
with its complementary strand in the illustration board or folder.

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Guide Questions:

Q4. Compare the two new strands of DNA. Are they the same or different? Why?

Q5. How do the nucleotides in DNA pair?

Q6. How do you compare a DNA molecule to a zipper?

Q7. How is information from the DNA passed on from one cell to another?

Q8. How does the structure of a DNA molecule help account for the great variety
of life that exists on earth?

Downloaded by Katsunori Tolentino (katsunoritolentino@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|17315538

Downloaded by Katsunori Tolentino (katsunoritolentino@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|17315538

Downloaded by Katsunori Tolentino (katsunoritolentino@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|17315538

Downloaded by Katsunori Tolentino (katsunoritolentino@gmail.com)