THE CONDITIONAL (cau dieu kien)

Type 1: là câu điều kiện có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (nhưng
không chắc chắn)
Form: If + S + V (hien tai don); S + will + V(inf)
Eg: If it rains tonight, I won’t go outside
It it doesn’t rain tonight, ….
Variations (biến thể)
 Will có thể thay bằng can/may/must/should/had better/ought to
Eg: If you don’t wear a hat, you may have a headache.
If you want to pass the test, you must study hard.
 Main clause có thể là 1 câu mệnh lệnh
Eg: If you see Lan, call me.
 Should (chẳng may, lỡ) có thể được sử dụng trong mệnh đề If
Eg: If he should die, his wife will be sad.
 V (hiện tại đơn) có thể thay bằng has/have + V(PII)
Eg: If you have done the first ex1, do ex2
Words instead of If
 Unless = If … not…: nếu … không
Eg: Unless you have a key, you cannot get into the house
If you don’t have a key…
 Provided (that)
Providing (that)
As (so) long as: miễn là
Eg: As long as it doesn’t rain tonight, I will see you
 In case: phòng khi
Eg: In case it rains, you should bring an umbrella along
 On the condition that: với điều kiện là
Eg: On the condition that you work hard, you will buy a bike
 Otherwise
Or else , main-clause
 (nếu không)
Eg: Put on your coat. Otherwise, you will get a cold.
If you don’t put on your coat, you will get a cold.

Inversion: Đảo ‘should’ ở If-clause

Should + S + V (inf), main clause
If you don’t put on your coat, you will get a cold.
 Should you not put on your coat,…
If you see Lan, call me
 Should you see Lan,…
Type 2: là câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại hoặc không có khả năng xảy ra trong
tương lai (nhưng không chắc chắn)
Form: If + S + V (ed/P1)/were; S + would + V(inf)
Eg: Today is not Sunday, so I don’t go to school.
If today were Sunday, I would go to school.
Nếu trong câu có từ ‘so’ hoặc ‘because’ thì khi viết sang câu ĐK sẽ là câu ĐK loại II
Variations:
 Would có thể thay bằng could/might
Eg: He is too old, so he can’t walk
 If he were not too old, he could walk
 V (ed/P1) có thể thay bằng were+V(ing)
Eg: We are not learning now, so we can go out
 If we were learning now, we couldn’t go out.
Words instead of If
 But for + N
If it weren’t for + N , main-clause

(nếu không vì)

Eg: If you didn’t help me everyday, I couldn’t finish my work
 If it weren’t for your help everyday, …
 But for your help everyday, …
 Without + N, main clause
 (mà không có cái gì đó)
Eg: There is water, so we didn’t die
 Without water, we could/would die
 Suppose (that) + S + V (ed/P1)/were; main clause
Supposing (that)
(giả sử)
Eg: Suppose that I had wing, I would fly
 Otherwise
Or else , main-clause
(nếu không)
Eg: He helps me everyday. Otherwise, I couldn’t finish my work
Inversion: Đảo ‘were’ ở If-clause
Were + S + O/ to-V, main clause
Eg:
1. If I were you, I would do the same
 Were I you, …
2. I didn’t have money, I would not buy this house
 Were I not to have money, …

Type 3: là câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

Form: If + S + had + V (ed/P2); S + would + have + V (ed/P2)
Variations(các biến thể)
 Would có thể thay bằng could/might
 Had + V (ed/P2) có thể thay bằng had been+V(ing)
 But for + N
If it had not been for + N , main-clause

(nếu không vì)

 Without + N, main clause
(mà không có cái gì đó)
 Suppose (that) S + had + V…., main clause
Supposing (that)
 (giả sử)
Inversion: Đảo ‘had’ ở If-clause
Had + S + (not) + V(ed/c2), main clause

Type 3 + type 2: 1 hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng để lại kết quả ở
hiện tại. Main clause thường có trạng từ là now/today
Eg: You stayed up late last night, so you are tired now.
=>

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

Bài tập 1 về câu điều kiện loại 1
1) If we...........(to send) an invitation, our friends...........(to come) to our party.
2) He...........(not/to understand) you if you (to whisper).
3) They...........(not/to survive) in the desert if they...........(not/to take) extra water
with them.
4) If you...........(to press) CTRL + s, you...........(to save) the file.
5) You...........(to cross) the Channel if you...........(to fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred...........(to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire...........(to wear) this dress at the party, our guests...........(not/to stay) any
longer.
8) If I...........(to touch) this snake, my girlfriend...........(not/to scream).
9) She...........(to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her.
10) I...........(to remember) you if you...........(to give) me a photo.

Bài tập 2: Câu điều kiện loại 2

1) If you...........(to help) your grandma, I...........(to do) the shopping.
2) Andrew...........(to water) the flowers if he...........(to stay) at home.
3) If she...........(to have) 5 pounds more, she...........(to buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they...........(to offer) me the job, I...........(to take) it.
5) You...........(to have) summer holidays from June till August if you...........(to live)
in the USA.
6) We...........(to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron...........(to repair) it.
7) If you...........(to use) a pencil, the drawing...........(to be) perfect.
8) The children...........(to be) happy if he...........(to teach) them English.
9) If Ireen...........(to visit) us, we...........(to go) out tonight.
10) They...........(to come) again if he...........(to plan) a second stay.

Bài tập 3: Câu điều kiện loại 3

1) If you...........(to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert.
2) If it...........(not/to rain), the children (to play) outside.
3) If my parents...........(not/to be) so tired, they...........(to watch) the film on TV.
4) If she...........(to buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/to lose) all data.
5) If we...........(to use) the town map, we...........(not/to get) lost.
6) If Tom...........(to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold.
7) If the police...........(not/to stop) me, I...........(to reach) you in time.
8) If his older brother...........(not/to drive) so fast, he...........(not/to crash) into the
other car.
9) If Fred...........(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher...........(not/to phone) his father.
10) If I...........(not/to switch off) the radio, I...........(to know) about the second goal.

Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành các câu sau với các các từ ở trong ngoặc câu điều kiện
loại 1 2 3
1) If we meet at 9:30, we...........(to have) plenty of time.
2) Lisa would find the milk if she...........(to look) in the fridge.
3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she...........(to feed) the
animals.
4) If you spoke louder, your classmates...........(to understand) you.
5) Dan...........(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6) You...........(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7) If you...........(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8) The door will unlock if you...........(to press) the green button.
9) If Mel...........(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10) I...........(to call) the office if I was/were you.

Bài tập câu trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện có đáp án ở phía cuối bài viết
1-If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as
well as you have.
A-have B-would have C-had had D-should have

2-I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.

A-would have visited B-visited C-had visited D-visit

3-………more help,I could call my neighbor.

A-needed B-should I need C-I have neeeded D-I should need

4-………then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over
the years.
A-had I known B-did I know C-If I know D- If I would know

5-Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people…….the same
language?
A-spoke B-speak C-had spoken D-will speak

6-If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,……this incident again.
A- I will never mention B-I never mention C-will I never mention D-I don’t mention

7-I didn’t know you were asleep.Otherwise,I…….so much noise when I came in.
A-didn’t make B-wouldn’t have made C-won’t make D-don’t make

8-Unless you ……all of my questions,I can’t do anything to help you.

A-answered B-answer C-would answer D-are answering

9-Had you told me that this was going to happen, I…….it.

A-would have never believed B-don’t believe C-hadn’t believed D-can’t believe

10-If Jake……..to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A-doesn’t agree B-didn’t agree C-hadn’t agreed D-wouldn’t agree
Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 11-20
11-When I stopped talking,Sam finished my sentence for me as though he …..my mind.
A-would read B-had read C-reads D-can read

12-if you……., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch
T.V,but I didn’t want to bother you.
A-had studied B-studied C-hadn’t been studying D-didn’t study

13-I wish I…….you some money for your rent,but I’m broke myself.
A-can lend B-would lend C-could lend D-will lend

14-If someone ……in to the store,smile and say, “May I help you?”
A-comes B-came C-would come D-could come

15-“Here ‘s my phone number”.

“Thanks.I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow”
A-will need B-need C-would need D-needed

16-If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I….in a bank.

A-work B-will work C-have worked D-would be working

17-The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions ……improved.

A-was B-is C-were d-had been

18-The education in Japan……..if the basic principles of education had not been taken
into consideration.
A-would go down B-would have gone down C-went down D-had gone down

19-If there…….the ricefields could have been more productive.

A-had been enough water B-were enough water
C-would be enough water D-are enough water

20-the patient could not recover unless he ……an operation.

A-had undergone B-would undergo C-underwent D-was undergoing

Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 21 - 30

21-If she …..him,she would be very happy.
A-would meet B-will meet C-is meeting D-should meet

22-If he …..a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A-had had B-had C-has D-has had

23-If I had enough money,I……abroad to improve my English.

A-will go B-would go C-should go D-should have go to

24-The bench would collapse if they……on it.

A-stood B-stand C-standing D-stands

25-If it……convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,

A-be B-is C-was D-were

26-If you……time, please write to me.

A-have B-had C-have had D-has

27-I shouldn’t go there at night if I ….you.

A-am B-was C-be D-were

28-If I …….get a pole, I will go fishing.

A-can B-could C-may D-might
29-If you had the chance,…….you go fishing?
A-did B-may C-would D-do

30-If you …..a choice, which country would you visit?

A-have B-had C-have had D-will have

Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 31-40

31-She will acept the offer if you persuade her.
A-unless B-because C-provided that D-otherwise

32-If he were here,he would accompany you on the piano.

A-Supposing he were here B-because he were here C-were he here D-Both Aand C

33-If she had gone abroad, she would have let you know.
A-had gone she abroad B-had she gone abroad 
C-Because she had gone abroad D-while she had gone abroad

34-Trees won’t grow…….there is enough water.

A-if B-when C-unless D-as

35-……….she agreed, you would have done it.

A-if B-had C-should D-would

36-If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ……in his examination.

A-would fail B-wouldn’t fail C-wouldn’t have failed D-won’t fail

37-If I had taken that English course, I…….much progress.

A-had made B-would have made C-made D-would make
38-If I were in your place, I….a trip to England.
A-will make B-had made C-would make D-made

39-If you inherited a million pounds,what…….with the money?

A-do you do B-will you do C-would you do D-are you going to do

40-If you……..as I told you, you…….in such predicament now.

A-Did/would not be B-had done/had not been
C-do/would not be D-had done /would not be

Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 41-50

41-Come and work for my company if you…….better to do.
A-have nothing B-will have nothing C-had something D-had nothing

42-If you had done as I told you ,I think you……….

A-would succeed B-would have succeeded C-could succed D-had succeeded

43-If he had got half a mark more, he ……in the exam.

A-wouldn’t fail B-wouldn’t have failed C-won’t fail D-won’t be failing

44-If it……… tomorrow, we may postpone going.

A-rains B-will rain C-shall rain D-raining

45-If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you……sleepy now.
A-wouldn’t have been B-wouldn’t be
C-might have not been D-would’t have been being

46 - If you …….as I told you, you ……….sorry now.

A-did/would not be B-had done/had not been 
C-do /would not be D-had done/would not be
47-If I………I will let you know .
A-am staying B-will stay C-do stay D-would stay

48-“Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the hollidays?”
“No,but if I ……the time , I would definitely go”
A-have B-had C-have had D-would have

49-“It’s really raining”

“Yes.If the weather……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”.
A-would get worse B-might get worse C-get worse D-should get worse

50-“Why did you only send twenty dollats in the mail?”

“If I had had more money, I ……..given you more.”
A-will have B-would have C-would D-have

III/ Viết lại câu.

1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

=> If………………………………………… ………..
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=> If………………………………………… ………………
3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If………………………………………… ………………….
4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
6. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
7. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If………………………………………… …………………….
8. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If………………………………………… ……………………..
9. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If………………………………………… ………………………..
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………..
11. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If I…………..……………………………
12. It hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
=> But for……….………………………………
13. If you want my advice,I would’t buy it.
=>If I ………… ………………………………………
14. I only come if they invite me.
=> unless……………………………………
15. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=> If he………………………………………… ……………..
16. His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.
=> But for……………………………………………………….
17. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
=> If you walk…………………………………………….
18. In case it rain, we’ll stay at home
=>If it …………………………………………………..
19. Let me give you my advice. You should cut down on smoking right now.

=> If I …………………………………………………………………………………

Or, and: đk loại 1 so, because: đk loại 2

1. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.

=>Unless…………………………………… …………………………………………

2. If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner.

=> Should…………………………………………………………………………….

3. The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.

=> If it ……………………………………………………………………………

4. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.

=> Unless……………………………………………………………………………

5. The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.

=> Were I……………………………………………………………………………

6. He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage.
=> If he………………………………………… ……………………………………

7. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.

=> If………………………………………… …………………………………

8. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

=> If………………………………………… ………..
9. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=> If………………………………………… ………………
10. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If………………………………………… ………………….