Mayuyo Amron B.

BSMT Alpha-3

ICT

Main Components of Computer System & Function

Input Unit

Data can be in the form of numbers, words, actions, commands, etc. The main function
of input devices is to direct commands and data into computers. Computers then use
their CPU to process this data and produce output. For example, a laptop's keyboard is
an input unit that enters numbers and characters.

Mouse
A mouse typically controls the motion of a pointer in two dimensions in a graphical user
interface (GUI). The mouse turns movements of the hand backward and forward, left
and right into equivalent electronic signals that in turn are used to move the pointer.

Keyboard

A keyboard's primary function is to act as an input device. Using a keyboard, a

person can type a document, use keystroke shortcuts, access menus, play
games and perform a variety of other tasks.

Webcam
A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into a computer. Its main
function is to transmit pictures over the Internet. It is popularly used with instant
messaging services and for recording images.

MIC

A microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in the air into electronic
signals and scribes them to a recording medium or over a loudspeaker.
Microphones enable many types of audio recording devices for purposes including
communications of many kinds, as well as music vocals, speech and sound recording.

CONTROLLER

A controller is an individual who has responsibility for all accounting-related

activities, including high-level accounting, managerial accounting, and finance
activities, within a company.

Output unit

A computer's principal output device is a monitor, often known as a Visual Display Unit
(VDU). It displays the processed data like text, images, videos, audios, etc.
Monitor

Monitor Function. A monitor is an electronic device used to display video output from a
computer. Screen monitors are used in many computer devices, from personal
computers (PCs) and laptops to small mobile devices, such as cell phones and MP3
players. Monitors are also known as computer screens or display screens.

Speaker
Speaker does just the opposite task of the microphone. The speaker converts the
electric signal of the microphone into the corresponding sound wave. Speakers are
transducers that convert electromagnetic waves into sound waves. The speakers
receive audio input from a device such as a computer or an audio receiver.

Printer

A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers
the information to paper, usually to standard-size, 8.5" by 11" sheets of paper. Printers
vary in size, speed, sophistication and cost.
PROJECTOR

A projector is an output device that takes images generated by a computer or Blu-

ray player and reproduce them by projection onto a screen, wall, or another
surface. In most cases, the surface projected onto is large, flat, and lightly colored.

HEADPHONE
Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a
loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear.
Headphones are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans.

Memory unit

When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered
information immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the Central Processing Unit
(CPU). Because of the presence of some existing programming, the Memory Unit
transmits the data further to the other parts of the CPU.

Similarly, when the output of our command is processed by the computer, it is saved in
the memory unit before giving the output to the user.

Primary
Ram
RAM (random access memory) is a computer's short-term memory, where the data that
the processor is currently using is stored. Your computer can access RAM memory
much faster than data on a hard disk, SSD, or other long-term storage device, which is
why RAM capacity is critical for system performance.
Rom

ROM provides the necessary instructions for communication between various hardware
components. As mentioned before, it is essential for the storage and operation of the
BIOS, but it can also be used for basic data management, to hold software for basic
processes of utilities and to read and write to peripheral devices.
 Secondary

HDD

They can store operating systems, software programs and other files using magnetic
disks. More specifically, hard disk drives control the reading and writing of the hard
disk that provides data storage. HDDs are used either as the primary or secondary
storage device in a comput

SSD
An SSD, or solid-state drive, is a type of storage device used in computers. This non-
volatile storage media stores persistent data on solid-state flash memory. SSDs
replace traditional hard disk drives (HDDs) in computers and perform the same basic
functions as a hard drive.

CD-ROM

CD-ROM (Compact Disc, read-only-memory) is an adaptation of the CD that is

designed to store computer data in the form of text and graphics, as well as hi-fi
stereo sound. The original data format standard was defined by Philips and Sony in the
1983 Yellow Book.
FLASH DRIVE

A USB drive, also referred to as a flash drive or memory stick, is a small, portable
device that plugs into the USB port on your computer. USB drives are commonly used
for storage, data backup, and transferring files between devices.

CONTROL UNIT
A control unit, or CU, is circuitry within a computer's processor that directs operations.
It instructs the memory, logic unit, and both output and input devices of the computer on
how to respond to the program's instructions. CPUs and GPUs are examples of devices
that use control units.

Arithmetical and Logical Unit

An arithmetic-logic unit is the part of a central processing unit that carries out
arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In
some processors, the ALU is divided into two units: an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic
unit (LU).