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QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

VÀ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
ID: 30808

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PAST TENSES (LESSON 2)

1. PAST PERPECT SIMPLE

1. Form
(+) S + had + P2
They had finished before I arrived.
(-) S + had not (hadn’t) + P2
I hadn’t completed homework before my teacher came.
(?) Had + S + P2? Yes, S + had/No, S + had not (hadn’t)?
Had you completed all homework before your teacher came?
Yes, I had
Wh-question + had + S + P2?
How had she known the news before I told her?

2. Usage
1. Hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ

- By the time I arrived at the station, the train had already left.

- I had lived abroad for two years when I received the letter from my best friend.

Notes
- Hành động nào xảy ra trước chia QKHT & hành động xảy ra sau chia QKĐ

- Dấu hiệu:

+ Các từ nối: before, after, just, when, as soon as, by the time, until,…
+ Các trạng từ just, already,...
the auxiliary + just/already + the main verb
Ex: By the time he was 17, Mozart’s reputation had already begun to spread through Europe.
- Dùng thì QKĐ nếu các sự kiện được đề cập theo thứ tự thời gian

Ex: His grandfather was a musician and his father was also a composer.
- Xét sự khác biệt về nghĩa giữa hai câu sau

When I got home, my husband cooked dinner. (= I got home and then my husband cooked dinner.)
When I got home, my husband had cooked dinner. (= my husband cooked dinner before I got
home.)

2. QKHT nói về thời gian không xác định trước một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ

- Dấu hiệu:

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always, sometimes,
never, before, by
- Ex: His family were richer than they had ever been before. (= they were not as rich at any time
before this point in the past)
By the time he was six, the little boy had written a composition of his own.

 Một số cấu trúc câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành

- Câu điều kiện loại 3: nhằm diễn tả điều kiện không có thực
Ex: If I had known that, I would have acted differently.
She would have come to the party if she had been invited.
If Lannie had had a rich husband, she would have everything.
- Câu Wish: nhằm diễn tả ước muốn trái với sự thật trong quá khứ
Ex: I wish I had told her about the accident.
She wishes she had known about his problem.
They wish they had studied hard.

2. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. Form

(+) S + had + been + V-ing

Ben gave up smoking two years ago. He had been smoking for 30 years.
(-) S + had not (hadn’t) + been + V-ing
They hadn’t been paying attention for long when he asked the question.
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing?  Yes, S + had/No, S + had not (hadn’t)?
Had they been not studying hard when the teacher asked?
No, they hadn’t
Wh-question + had + S + been + V-ing?
How long had she been working before he arrived?

2. Usage
- Nhấn mạnh độ dài và tính liên tục của hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ hoặc là muốn nhấn
mạnh vào hành động đó.
Ex: Times were hard and the family had been struggling for some time. (chỉ độ dài và tính liên tục)
Mozart’s sister was extremely gifted at the keyboard and she had been making excellent progress.
(nhấn mạnh hành động).

 Notes

 Không dùng QKHTTD để nói về bao nhiêu lần một việc gì đó đã xảy ra.

Ex: I knew the way as I had visited her several times before. (not I knew the way I had been
visiting her several times before.)
 Động từ hình thái (state verbs) không dùng ở dạng tiếp diễn.

 Unfulfilled hopes (nguyện vọng không thành)

Dùng QKHT và QKHTTD để nói về sự thất vọng hoặc sự việc không xảy ra theo mong muốn
Ex: The politician had expected to be re-elected, but in the end she only got ten percent of the
vote.
I had been hoping to go with my brother on his trip but I was too sick to go.
 Câu điều kiện loại 3: dùng QKHTTD nhằm diễn tả điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ

Ex: If we had been working on that project, we would have been successful.
She would have been ready for the test if she had been preparing diligently.
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 NOTES: PHÂN BIỆT 2 THÌ
PAST PERFECT
SIMPLE
- to indicate that a
completed action happened
earlier than something else.
Ex: By the time I was 15,
my father had taught me
how to drive a car.
 The Past Perfect simple
emphasizes completion (or
the result of a completed
action)
Ex: By the time we arrived,
he had left the house.
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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
- often creates a kind of background for the rest of the
sentence.
Xét ví dụ sau:
- Jane had been browsing the Internet for about fifteen
minutes when she suddenly noticed it was completely dark
outside.
- Nhận xét: We cannot use the Past Perfect in the above
sentence because the action was not completed. (In other
words, she did not stop browsing the Internet immediately
after looking out of the window)
 The Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes the duration or
activity of an action.
Ex: By the time we arrived, he had been playing poker
with his friends for 2 hours.
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BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps with the past perfect simple of verbs in brackets in the positive or negative.

Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps with verbs in the past simple, past perfect simple or past perfect continuous
tense.
1. She _________________________(work) as a waitress for five years when he met her.

2. The lecture ________________(start) by the time they got there.

3. In the supermarket he______(buy) all the ingredients he needed and then went home to make her
birthday cake.
4. Holly did very well in her exam, which was a shock because she _____ (never take) an exam before.
5. They went on a big tour of Britain. First they _______(stay) in London for a few days. Then they
_______(visit) Cambridge, York, and Edinburgh, and then Bath. They _____ (be) to Bath before, but they
_____ (like) it so much that they ________(decide) to go back again.
\6. Scientists announced the launch of the new drug last week. They ____ (develop) it for five years.
7. I looked terrible when I saw Joe last night because I ____(run) for over an hour and I was exhausted.
8. By the time I got to the meeting they ________(already discuss) the important issue and they
____(make) the big decisions without me. I ________(phone) from my mobile to tell them the train was
late and I _______(feel) annoyed that they _____ (not wait) for me.

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Exercise 3: Fill in the gaps with the past simple, past perfect simple or past perfect continuous of the
verbs in brackets.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer – A, B, C or D- to complete the following sentences. (tổng hợp 4 thì)
1. The movie was very boring and many people began to leave early. By the end, most people ____.

A. Had already left B. were already leaving

C. Were already left D. had already been leaving

2. Fortunately, the hospital’s new air- conditioning system _________ when the first heat wave of the
summer arrived.
A. Had installed B. installed

C. Had been installed D. had been installing

3. Yesterday while I was jogging in the park, Matthew _____________ on the company’s annual report.
A. Was working B. had been working

C. Has worked D. works

4. When I last saw Janet, she __ to her next class on the other side of the campus and did not have time to talk.
A. Hurried B. Was hurrying

C. Had hurried D. had been hurrying

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Exercise 5: Circle the incorrect words or phrases.

1. I had paint (A) on my shoes because I had painted (B) my bedroom all morning.
2. I missed (A) the start of the film because I buy (B) popcorn.
3. It was obvious that Bill has worked (A) because he was very tired when I saw (B) him.
4. We had been tidying (A) the garden for hours and I was needing (B) a rest.
5. When the bus was arriving (A), we missed (B) it because we were talking (C).
6. During the Christmas holiday, I was eating (A) too much and watching (B) too much TV.

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