1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Figure 20.4 A great blue heron (Ardea herodias). Like many other wading birds,
herons have long, stiltlike legs. Lamarck hypothesized that as wading birds stretched
their legs to keep their bodies dry while feeding, successive generations of their off
spring would have progressively longer legs.

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
FIGURE 20.7 Morphologic differences in species from different continents. Darwin
noted that the South American nutria and the European beavers differ in
appearance, even though both species are semi-aquatic rodents that feed on
vegetation. Notice that nutria have long, round tails, whereas beavers have short, flat
tails.

30
31
FIGURE 20.8 The Galápagos Islands and some of their unusual animal inhabitants. (A)
Volcanic eruptions created the Galápagos archipelago (located 1,000 km west of
Ecuador) between 3 and 5 million years ago. (B) The islands were named for the giant
tortoises found there (in Spanish, galápa means tortoise); this tortoise is native to Isla
Santa Cruz. (C) Marine iguanas dive into the Pacific Ocean to feed on algae.

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
FIGURE 20.10 Darwin s observations led him to develop two hypotheses that led to
his prediction that natural selection caused evolutionary changes in species from one
generation to the next.

44
45
46
47