APPENDIX D

IMPEDANCE DATA

TABLE D.1 Typical Subtransient and Transient Reactance Values for Rotating Machines

Direct-Axis Direct-Axis
Subtransient Transient
Reactance Reactance
Machine Type (Xd ′′ ) (Xd ′ )

Turbine-generator (2 poles) 0.09 0.15

Turbine-generator (4 poles) 0.15 0.23
Salient-pole generators w/damper 0.16 0.33
windings (12 poles or less)
Salient-pole generators w/damper 0.21 0.33
windings (14 poles or more)
Synchronous motors (6 poles) 0.15 0.23
Synchronous motors (8–14 poles) 0.20 0.30
Synchronous motors (16 poles or more) 0.28 0.40
Synchronous condensers 0.24 0.37
Large induction motors (above 600 V) 0.17 —
Induction motors (600 V and below, 50 hp 0.20 —
and above)
Induction motors (600 V and below, 0.28 —
smaller than 50 hp)

Industrial Power Distribution, Second Edition. Ralph E. Fehr, III.

© 2016 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

373
374 APPENDIX D IMPEDANCE DATA

TABLE D.2 Constants of Medium-Voltage ACSR/Copper Conductors at One-Foot Delta

Spacing

Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced

(ACSR) Copper

Resistance (R) Reactance (XA ) at Resistance (R) at Reactance (XA )

at 25◦ C, 1 ft spacing, 25◦ C, at 1 ft spacing,
kcmil or 60 Hz (mΩ/ 60 Hz (mΩ/ 60 Hz (mΩ/ 60 Hz (mΩ/
AWG conductor/100 ft) conductor/100 ft) conductor/100 ft) conductor/100 ft)

1590.0 1.18 6.79 — —

1272.0 1.47 7.04 — —
1000.0 — — 1.19 7.58
954.0 1.94 7.38 — —
795.0 2.22 7.44 — —
750.0 — — 1.53 7.90
556.5 3.21 7.86 — —
500.0 — — 2.24 8.39
477.0 3.38 8.02 — —
350.0 — — 3.17 8.83
336.4 4.80 8.43 — —
250.0 — — 4.44 9.22
4/0 7.62 10.99 5.24 9.53
2/0 12.13 12.12 8.31 10.10
2 24.35 12.15 16.51 10.80
4 38.67 12.40 26.27 11.30
6 61.47 12.73 41.31 12.10

TABLE D.3 60-Hz Reactance Spacing Correction Factor (XB ) in Milliohms per Conductor
per 100 ft

Separation (inches)
(feet) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0 — −5.71 −4.12 −3.19 −2.52 −2.01 −1.59 −1.24 −0.93 −0.66 −0.42 −0.20
1 0.00 0.18 0.35 0.51 0.61 0.80 0.93 1.06 1.17 1.29 1.39 1.49
2 1.59 1.69 1.78 1.86 1.95 2.03 2.11 2.18 2.55 2.32 2.39 2.46
3 2.52 2.59 2.65 2.71 2.77 2.82 2.88 2.93 2.99 3.04 3.09 3.14
4 3.19 3.23 3.28 3.33 3.37 3.41 3.46 3.50 3.54 3.58 3.62 3.66
5 3.71 3.74 3.77 3.81 3.85 3.88 3.92 3.95 3.99 4.02 4.05 4.09
6 4.12 4.15 4.18 4.21 4.24 4.27 4.30 4.33 4.36 4.39 4.42 4.45
7 4.47 4.50 4.53 4.55 4.58 4.60 4.63 4.66 4.68 4.71 4.73 4.76
8 4.78
 IMPEDANCE DATA 375

TABLE D.4 Medium-Voltage Cable in Conduit Reactance Factor (M) for Various
Constructions and Installations

Multiple-Conductor Cable in Conduit or Armor

Nonshielded Shielded

kcmil Nonmagnetic Magnetic Nonmagnetic Magnetic

≤250 1.000 1.149 0.945 1.086

300 1.000 1.146 0.946 1.084
350 1.000 1.140 0.947 1.080
400 1.000 1.134 0.949 1.076
450 1.000 1.128 0.951 1.073
500 1.000 1.122 0.952 1.068
600 1.000 1.111 0.955 1.061
700 1.000 1.100 0.957 1.053
750 1.000 1.095 0.959 1.050
1000 1.000 1.070 0.962 1.029
Three Single-Conductor Cables in Conduit with Random Lay

Nonshielded Shielded

kcmil Nonmagnetic Magnetic Nonmagnetic Magnetic

≤250 1.200 1.500 1.320 1.650

300 1.200 1.500 1.302 1.628
350 1.200 1.500 1.298 1.623
400 1.200 1.500 1.295 1.619
450 1.200 1.500 1.292 1.616
500 1.200 1.500 1.290 1.613
600 1.200 1.500 1.285 1.607
700 1.200 1.500 1.282 1.602
750 1.200 1.500 1.278 1.598
1000 1.200 1.500 1.271 1.589
376 APPENDIX D IMPEDANCE DATA

TABLE D.5 Impedance of 15-kV, Three-Phase, 175-Mil Cross-Linked Polyethylene,

Concentric Neutral Underground Cable in Ohms/1000 ft at 60 Hz

7.5" 7.5"

Conductor Temperatures
Phase: 90◦ C
Neutral: 70◦ C
Earth Resistivity = 100 Ω-m

AWG or kcmil R1 = R 2 X1 = X 2 R0 X0

Aluminum Phase Conductor

1/0 0.2182 0.0955 0.5215 0.2906
2/0 0.1782 0.0926 0.4697 0.2463
3/0 0.1433 0.0893 0.4049 0.1825
4/0 0.1181 0.0858 0.3497 0.1402
250 0.1038 0.0827 0.3085 0.1114
350 0.0837 0.0761 0.2315 0.0691
500 0.0680 0.0674 0.1653 0.0428
750 0.0550 0.0581 0.1188 0.0305
1000 0.0493 0.0495 0.0905 0.0235
Copper Phase Conductor
1/0 0.1451 0.0944 0.4066 0.1852
2/0 0.1181 0.0908 0.3492 0.1428
3/0 0.0989 0.0867 0.2907 0.1033
4/0 0.0854 0.0813 0.2318 0.0718
250 0.0785 0.0770 0.2008 0.0578
350 0.0657 0.0685 0.1495 0.0408
500 0.0554 0.0574 0.1060 0.0289
750 0.0463 0.0446 0.0724 0.0216
1000 0.0404 0.0358 0.0554 0.0181
 IMPEDANCE DATA 377

TABLE D.6 Impedance of 15-kV, Three-Phase, 220-Mil Cross-Linked Polyethylene,

Concentric Neutral Underground Cable in Ohms/1000 ft at 60 Hz

7.5" 7.5"

Conductor Temperatures
Phase: 90◦ C
Neutral: 70◦ C
Earth Resistivity = 100 Ω-m

AWG or kcmil R1 = R 2 X1 = X 2 R0 X0

Aluminum Phase Conductor

1/0 0.2177 0.0956 0.5205 0.2927

2/0 0.1777 0.0927 0.4688 0.2484
3/0 0.1427 0.0894 0.4043 0.1846
4/0 0.1174 0.0860 0.3493 0.1423
250 0.1031 0.0829 0.3082 0.1134
350 0.0828 0.0765 0.2314 0.0709
500 0.0671 0.0681 0.1653 0.0444
750 0.0542 0.0589 0.1188 0.0319
1000 0.0486 0.0504 0.0905 0.0247

Copper Phase Conductor

1/0 0.1444 0.0946 0.4060 0.1876

2/0 0.1173 0.0911 0.3488 0.1451
3/0 0.0980 0.0870 0.2904 0.1055
4/0 0.0844 0.0818 0.2316 0.0738
250 0.0774 0.0777 0.2007 0.0597
350 0.0647 0.0694 0.1494 0.0425
500 0.0545 0.0585 0.1059 0.0304
750 0.0456 0.0459 0.0724 0.0229
1000 0.0400 0.0370 0.0554 0.0193
378 APPENDIX D IMPEDANCE DATA

TABLE D.7 Impedance of 15-kV, Three-Phase, 175-Mil Cross-Linked Polyethylene,

Conventional Cable with Full-Size Neutral in Ohms/1000 ft at 60 Hz
1.5" 1.5"

1.5" 1.5"

Conductor Temperatures
Phase: 90◦ C
Neutral: 70◦ C
Earth Resistivity = 100 Ω-m

AWG or kcmil R1 = R 2 X1 = X 2 R0 X0

Aluminum Phase Conductor

4 0.5350 0.0662 0.8580 0.5888

2 0.3360 0.0609 0.7191 0.4375
1 0.2680 0.0569 0.6558 0.3443
1/0 0.2100 0.0543 0.5864 0.2709
2/0 0.1690 0.0516 0.5043 0.1728
3/0 0.1320 0.0490 0.4317 0.1209
4/0 0.1050 0.0463 0.3635 0.0779
250 0.0890 0.0440 0.3071 0.0461
300 0.0750 0.0419 0.2647 0.0307
350 0.0650 0.0402 0.2269 0.0170

Copper Phase Conductor

4 0.3260 0.0662 0.7122 0.4387

2 0.2050 0.0609 0.5846 0.2692
1 0.1630 0.0569 0.5001 0.1710
1/0 0.1260 0.0543 0.4271 0.1186
2/0 0.1010 0.0516 0.3604 0.0752
3/0 0.0810 0.0490 0.2997 0.0437
4/0 0.0640 0.0463 0.2417 0.0200
 IMPEDANCE DATA 379

TABLE D.8 Impedance of 15-kV, Single-Phase, 220-Mil Low-Density Thermoplastic

Polyethylene, Conventional Cable with Full-Size Neutral in Ohms/1000 ft at 60 Hz

1.5"

Conductor Temperatures
Phase: 75◦ C
Neutral: 50◦ C
Earth Resistivity = 100 Ω-m

AWG or kcmil R1 = R 2 X1 = X 2 R0 X0

Aluminum Phase Conductor

4 0.5100 0.0662 0.8410 0.5734

2 0.3200 0.0609 0.7040 0.4158
1 0.2550 0.0569 0.6384 0.3216
1/0 0.2000 0.0543 0.5677 0.2498
2/0 0.1600 0.0516 0.4911 0.1717
3/0 0.1250 0.0490 0.4204 0.1208
4/0 0.1000 0.0463 0.3544 0.0785
250 0.0850 0.0440 0.2993 0.0486
300 0.0710 0.0419 0.2522 0.0306
350 0.0610 0.0402 0.2154 0.0180

Copper Phase Conductor

4 0.3100 0.0662 0.6967 0.4171

2 0.1950 0.0609 0.5652 0.2493
1 0.1550 0.0569 0.4877 0.1703
1/0 0.1200 0.0543 0.4166 0.1189
2/0 0.0970 0.0516 0.3522 0.0762
3/0 0.0770 0.0490 0.2919 0.0455
4/0 0.0610 0.0463 0.2355 0.0223